2685:
2620:
2632:
2699:
694:
81:
2669:
540:
58:
2653:
3401:
760:
No plant however is so renowned among the Romans as hiera botane ('sacred plant'). Some call it aristereon, and Latin writers verbenaca. This is the plant which I mentioned as carried to the enemy by envoys. With this the table of
Jupiter is swept, and homes are cleansed and purified. There are two
752:
Nulla tamen Romae nobilitatis plus habet quam hiera botane. aliqui aristereon, nostri verbenacam vocant. haec est quam legatos ferre ad hostes indicavimus; hac Iovis mensa verritur, domus purgantur lustranturque. genera eius duo: foliosa, quam feminam putant, mas rarioribus foliis.
794:
Pliny the Elder notes "the Magi especially make the maddest statements about the plant: that a circle must be drawn with iron round the plant". The common names of verbena in many
Central and Eastern European languages often associate it with
457:. The leaves are usually opposite, simple, and in many species hairy, often densely so. The flowers are small, with five petals, and borne in dense spikes. Typically some shade of blue, they may also be white, pink, or purple, especially in
3240:"Aconitum uncinatum (Appalachian Blue Monkshood, Blue Rocket, Devil's Helmet, Eastern Blue Monkshood, Eastern Monkshood, Monkshood, Southern Blue Monkshood, Wild Monkshood, Wolf's Bane) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox"
2690:
660:, "essence therapists believe that using essences can help to increase your mental, emotional and spiritual wellbeing. However, essences are not used to prevent, control, or cure cancer or any other physical condition."
3072:
558:. They are drought-resistant, tolerating full to partial sun, and enjoy well-drained, average soils. Plants are usually grown from seed. Some species and hybrids are not
2549:
1265:
1395:
1100:
1080:
1951:
1040:
2684:
2074:
2013:
1121:
2265:
1465:
2637:
2559:
2367:
2285:
2164:
1930:
1779:
1758:
1375:
990:
980:
2398:
2064:
1920:
1627:
2468:
2357:
2316:
1869:
1859:
1577:
1485:
1245:
1993:
960:
2448:
2214:
2094:
1971:
1900:
1809:
1799:
1667:
1556:
1525:
1405:
1020:
950:
2869:
S. M. Botta; S. Martinez & M. E. Mulguta de Romero (1995). "Novedades nomenclaturales en
Verbenaceae" [Nomenclatural revisions in Verbenaceae].
1315:
2589:
2528:
2498:
2488:
2275:
2023:
1910:
1839:
1738:
1697:
1647:
1515:
1475:
1425:
1325:
1305:
1295:
1235:
1205:
1030:
503:
3433:
2579:
2478:
2438:
2418:
2408:
2306:
2234:
2204:
2144:
2134:
2114:
2104:
2043:
1879:
1819:
1748:
1687:
1677:
1535:
1335:
1285:
1194:
1174:
2675:
2569:
2508:
2388:
2336:
2184:
2174:
2053:
1849:
1728:
1657:
1617:
1495:
1445:
1355:
1275:
1225:
1153:
1070:
1050:
1000:
2518:
2224:
2124:
2033:
1941:
1607:
1587:
1415:
1385:
1365:
1060:
2428:
2326:
2295:
2255:
2154:
1829:
1789:
1505:
1215:
786:
4048:
2704:
2599:
2194:
2003:
1597:
1435:
940:
1961:
4087:
846:
was used to stanch Jesus' wounds after his removal from the cross. It was consequently called "holy herb" or (e.g. in Wales) "Devil's bane".
3264:
4123:
871:
charm. The book also describes its antiseptic capabilities (p. 336), and use as a protection against spells (pp. 339, 414).
3996:
2619:
4061:
4009:
3910:
3426:
2743:
527:
has an entirely muddy history. The relationships of this close-knit group are therefore hard to resolve with standard methods of
3733:
3682:
2988:
2963:
3159:
3132:
3049:
2896:
4066:
648:, there is no high-quality evidence for its effectiveness. Verbena has been listed as one of the 38 plants used to prepare
3743:
3350:
744:
altars; it is not entirely clear if this referred to a verbena rather than the general term for prime sacrificial herbs.
476:
of seven. The
European species is derived from the North American lineage. It seems that verbena as well as the related
3905:
3419:
2947:
2631:
3330:
3274:
3223:
4177:
3806:
4092:
4035:
2814:
497:
by an undetermined mechanism – though probably not hybridization – has occurred at least twice from vervains to
4172:
4141:
4074:
2698:
667:
of various species, mainly common vervain, is traded as "Spanish verbena oil". Considered inferior to oil of
3294:
4223:
3879:
1989:– common vervain, simpler's joy, holy herb, mosquito plant, wild hyssop, herb of the cross (type species)
601:
528:
3988:
3962:
4136:
729:
597:
4014:
3196:
878:
While common vervain is not native to North
America, it has been introduced there and for example the
4228:
4102:
2767:
761:
kinds of it; one has many leaves and is thought to be female, the other, the male, has fewer leaves.
515:
720:
Verbena has long been associated with divine and other supernatural forces. It was called "tears of
80:
3405:
688:
617:
501:, between the ancestors of the present-day South American lineages and once more recently, between
38:
31:
4128:
3983:
17:
4218:
3957:
3822:
3764:
3307:
563:
4053:
3213:
4115:
3672:
3561:
3479:
3320:
2668:
1255:
1117:– purpletop vervain, clustertop vervain, tall verbena, pretty verbena, South American vervain
1090:
621:
605:
574:
3039:
3918:
3759:
3651:
3631:
3521:
2905:
2732:
1707:
1142:
864:
724:" in ancient Egypt, and later called "Hera's tears". In ancient Greece it was dedicated to
653:
649:
641:
582:
490:; both other genera were usually included in the Verbenaceae until the 1990s. Intergeneric
2992:
2967:
8:
3738:
3702:
3566:
3239:
2890:
Yao-Wu Yuan & Richard G. Olmstead (2008). "A species-level phylogenetic study of the
2652:
2538:
1982:
1889:
1163:
1110:
911:
741:
570:
524:
429:
is usually used in the United States and the United
Kingdom, whereas elsewhere the terms
409:
197:
67:
3949:
2909:
868:
4185:
3975:
3970:
3601:
3591:
3576:
3571:
3076:
1455:
1184:
1010:
900:
892:
776:
709:
657:
559:
221:
75:
4110:
3892:
3860:
3723:
3677:
3511:
3372:
3326:
3270:
3219:
3155:
3128:
3045:
2943:
2921:
2894:
complex (Verbenaceae) indicates two independent intergeneric chloroplast transfers".
2642:
2084:
1768:
1131:
543:
3346:
4213:
4190:
3897:
3794:
3692:
3687:
3489:
2913:
1718:
1637:
555:
520:
450:
446:
346:
3884:
3871:
3636:
3484:
3474:
3149:
3122:
2709:
2377:
2346:
1566:
1345:
850:
769:
733:
509:
400:
396:
118:
4164:
4079:
2917:
3606:
2659:
2458:
2244:
970:
796:
697:
578:
105:
693:
4207:
3845:
3769:
3611:
3536:
2868:
1545:
879:
872:
668:
664:
494:
181:
3411:
3176:
4154:
3616:
2925:
2800:
645:
477:
414:
404:
392:
189:
4022:
3854:
3697:
3016:
887:
713:
590:
491:
484:) evolved from the assemblage provisionally treated under the genus name
388:
164:
899:
An indeterminate vervain is among the plants on the eighth panel of the
4001:
3789:
3779:
3656:
3646:
3586:
3551:
3546:
3322:
Herbal Magick: A Guide to Herbal
Enchantments, Folklore, and Divination
2844:
539:
57:
3097:
853:, Vervain flowers signify the goddess Diana and are often depicted on
4027:
3944:
3931:
3784:
3556:
3516:
3506:
3459:
2822:
883:
676:
637:
473:
469:
3816:
4149:
3839:
3728:
3707:
3626:
3596:
3501:
3469:
3190:
3188:
2989:"RHS Plant Selector Verbena 'Sissinghurst' (G) AGM / RHS Gardening"
2871:
930:
855:
486:
458:
154:
144:
131:
4040:
3936:
2964:"RHS Plant Selector Verbena 'Silver Anne' (G) AGM / RHS Gardening"
3581:
3541:
3496:
3454:
924:
465:
454:
3185:
914:, verbena held the dual meaning of enchantment and sensibility.
3774:
3531:
3400:
3923:
2889:
867:(Jean-Baptiste Pitois) it is employed in the preparation of a
361:
352:
3621:
3464:
384:
92:
732:
is the Latin term for a plant sacred to the ancient Romans.
3526:
721:
554:
Some species, hybrids and cultivars of verbena are used as
367:
30:
This article is about the plant genus. For other uses, see
3373:"Language of Flowers - Flower Meanings, Flower Sentiments"
2942:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
2815:"Amazing Benefits of Verveine Tea: Is This a Miracle Tea?"
3154:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 399.
725:
573:
in suitable climates, attracting
Lepidoptera such as the
519:. In addition, several species of verbena are of natural
1844:(T.Van Devender & G.L.Nesom) Christenh. & Byng
2777:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
679:, it is of some commercial importance for herbalism.
364:
842:
In the early
Christian era, folk legend stated that
358:
349:
620:. Cultivated verbenas are sometimes parasitized by
355:
3339:
3124:CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names, Volume 4: R-Z
453:, and may be annual or perennial depending on the
4205:
656:promoted for its effect on health. According to
2691:Superbena® Scarlet Star or Superbena® Raspberry
1520:(P.Peralta & V.Thode) Christenh. & Byng
1126:(G.L.Nesom & Vorobik) Christenh. & Byng
413:, the common vervain or common verbena, is the
3318:
922:The following species are accepted: (See also
833:
636:Although verbena ("vervain") has been used in
449:flowering plant, belonging to the Verbenaceae
37:"Vervain" redirects here. For other uses, see
3441:
3427:
825:
817:
809:
3291:The History and Practice of Magic, Volume 2
3194:
3174:
3120:
3041:Bach Flower Remedies: A Comprehensive Study
3037:
859:, traditional Italian amulets. In the 1870
801:
774:
3434:
3420:
2762:
2760:
1138:– prostrate vervain, large-bracted vervain
56:
3127:. Taylor & Francis US. p. 2787.
3031:
562:and are treated as half-hardy annuals in
472:South American lineage, both with a base
3262:
3147:
3011:
3009:
692:
596:The hybrid cultivars "Silver Anne" and "
538:
2757:
2744:United States Department of Agriculture
2740:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1170:– California vervain, Red Hills vervain
628:) and spread this pest to other crops.
14:
4206:
1149:– Brazilian verbena, Brazilian vervain
799:. These include for example the Dutch
3821:
3820:
3415:
3266:An ABC of Witchcraft Past and Present
3211:
3006:
2940:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
2897:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
611:
4178:2645ddf4-f3f9-4e46-a9ab-1dde1a54feca
4103:186e3a1b-dfe1-46d4-b065-0d22ad1086e0
875:use vervain for love and good luck.
831:("medical ironherb"), and Hungarian
746:
585:, and also hummingbirds, especially
3349:. Mayflower 400. 17 February 2020.
2725:
934:for species formerly placed here.)
407:to the Americas and Asia; however,
391:. It contains about 150 species of
24:
3181:. pp. Liber XXV, Section LIX.
955:(B.L.Turner) Christenh. & Byng
403:. The majority of the species are
25:
4240:
3393:
3353:from the original on 16 July 2021
3319:Gerina Dunwich (September 2019).
3044:. B. Jain Publishers. p. 3.
2991:. Apps.rhs.org.uk. Archived from
2966:. Apps.rhs.org.uk. Archived from
2523:(G.L.Nesom) Christenh. & Byng
861:The History and Practice of Magic
706:Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen
4142:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330551-2
3807:List of plants used in herbalism
3399:
2697:
2683:
2667:
2651:
2630:
2618:
995:(Moldenke) Christenh. & Byng
616:For some verbena pathogens, see
464:The genus can be divided into a
345:
79:
3365:
3312:
3300:
3283:
3256:
3232:
3205:
3201:. pp. Book 25, Section 59.
3168:
3141:
3114:
3090:
3065:
2981:
849:According to the Wiccan writer
2956:
2932:
2883:
2862:
2837:
2807:
2789:
2625:Verbena obsession cascade pink
2290:(Covas & Schnack) Moldenke
2038:(Covas & Schnack) Moldenke
1915:G.L.Nesom & T.Van Devender
534:
440:
13:
1:
3121:Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000).
2718:
1573:– swamp verbena, blue vervain
815:("medical ironwort"), German
682:
890:(dream divination), much as
7:
3038:D. S. Vohra (1 June 2004).
2918:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.004
602:Royal Horticultural Society
589:, which is also grown as a
529:computational phylogenetics
10:
4245:
3289:Pitois, Christian (1952).
2775:Plants of the World Online
2611:
1784:B.L.Turner & G.L.Nesom
917:
823:("true ironherb"), Slovak
686:
36:
29:
3829:
3803:
3752:
3716:
3665:
3447:
3442:Medicinal herbs and fungi
3377:www.languageofflowers.com
3263:Valiente, Doreen (1994).
3218:. Elsevier. p. 197.
420:
399:herbaceous or semi-woody
227:
220:
213:
208:
195:
188:
76:Scientific classification
74:
64:
55:
48:
3215:Dictionary of Plant Lore
2803:. 1995. pp. 606–07.
2473:M.Martens & Galeotti
1136:Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.
750:
689:Verbena (disambiguation)
618:List of verbena diseases
550:) as an ornamental plant
39:Vervain (disambiguation)
32:Verbena (disambiguation)
2353:– narrow-leaved vervain
1952:Verbena multiglandulosa
1041:Verbena bajacalifornica
631:
523:origin; the well-known
3765:Doctrine of signatures
2849:National Garden Bureau
2550:Verbena × uruguayensis
2014:Verbena paraguariensis
1662:Nesom & G.S.Hinton
1510:B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
1266:Verbena × clemensiorum
1122:Verbena brachyrhynchos
905:Expedition to Cape Cod
882:have adopted it as an
834:
826:
818:
810:
807:("iron-hard"), Danish
802:
775:
758:
717:
551:
525:garden vervain/verbena
417:and native to Europe.
3269:. The Crowood Press.
3212:Watts, D. C. (2007).
3148:Gledhill, D. (2008).
2845:"Year of the Verbena"
2638:Large-bracted Vervain
2560:Verbena valerianoides
2368:Verbena stellarioides
2286:Verbena santiaguensis
2165:Verbena quadrangulata
1931:Verbena montevidensis
1780:Verbena livermorensis
1759:Verbena lipozygioides
1396:Verbena × engelmannii
1376:Verbena ehrenbergiana
1256:Verbena chiricahensis
1101:Verbena × blanchardii
1091:Verbena bipinnatifida
1081:Verbena × bingenensis
991:Verbena angustilobata
981:Verbena andalgalensis
696:
622:sweet potato whitefly
606:Award of Garden Merit
575:Hummingbird hawk-moth
542:
516:G. bipinnatifida
468:North American and a
425:In English, the name
3760:Alternative medicine
3408:at Wikimedia Commons
3347:"New World Tapestry"
2469:Verbena teucriifolia
2358:Verbena sphaerocarpa
2317:Verbena scrobiculata
2075:Verbena × perturbata
1870:Verbena megapotamica
1860:Verbena marrubioides
1708:Verbena lasiostachys
1578:Verbena hatschbachii
1486:Verbena gracilescens
1246:Verbena cheitmaniana
1143:Verbena brasiliensis
654:alternative medicine
650:Bach flower remedies
642:traditional medicine
583:Pipevine swallowtail
3683:Echigoshirayukidake
3244:plants.ces.ncsu.edu
3151:The Names of Plants
2910:2008MolPE..48...23Y
2797:Western Garden Book
2539:Verbena urticifolia
2449:Verbena tecticaulis
2302:– sandpaper vervain
2266:Verbena × rydbergii
2215:Verbena regnelliana
2095:Verbena phlogiflora
1983:Verbena officinalis
1972:Verbena neomexicana
1937:– Uruguayan verbena
1901:Verbena microphylla
1890:Verbena menthifolia
1810:Verbena macrosperma
1800:Verbena macdougalii
1668:Verbena jordanensis
1652:Gillies & Hook.
1557:Verbena hassleriana
1526:Verbena guaranitica
1466:Verbena × goodmanii
1440:Gillies & Hook.
1406:Verbena ephedroides
1164:Verbena californica
1111:Verbena bonariensis
1021:Verbena atacamensis
951:Verbena alejandrana
912:language of flowers
896:is used in Mexico.
579:Chocolate albatross
571:butterfly gardening
569:They are valued in
410:Verbena officinalis
198:Verbena officinalis
68:Verbena bonariensis
65:Purpletop vervain,
4224:Verbenaceae genera
3739:Japanese herbology
3717:Regional practices
3178:Naturalis Historia
3077:Cancer Research UK
2590:Verbena villifolia
2529:Verbena tweedieana
2499:Verbena townsendii
2489:Verbena tomophylla
2399:Verbena × stuprosa
2276:Verbena sagittalis
2251:– tuberous vervain
2065:Verbena × perriana
2024:Verbena paranensis
1978:– hillside vervain
1921:Verbena × moechina
1911:Verbena moctezumae
1840:Verbena malpaisana
1775:– seashore vervain
1739:Verbena lindbergii
1698:Verbena landbeckii
1648:Verbena intermedia
1628:Verbena × illicita
1516:Verbena guaibensis
1476:Verbena goyazensis
1456:Verbena gooddingii
1426:Verbena filicaulis
1326:Verbena delicatula
1306:Verbena dalloniana
1296:Verbena cuneifolia
1236:Verbena catharinae
1206:Verbena caniuensis
1185:Verbena canadensis
1031:Verbena aurantiaca
1011:Verbena aristigera
901:New World Tapestry
893:Calea zacatechichi
777:Naturalis Historia
718:
710:Johann Georg Sturm
658:Cancer Research UK
612:Pests and diseases
600:" have gained the
552:
504:V. orcuttiana
239:Le Monn. ex Rozier
4201:
4200:
4111:Open Tree of Life
3823:Taxon identifiers
3814:
3813:
3734:Islamic herbology
3724:Chinese herbology
3592:Purple coneflower
3404:Media related to
3308:pp. 336, 339, 414
3195:Pliny the Elder.
3175:Pliny the Elder.
3161:978-0-521-86645-3
3134:978-0-8493-2678-3
3073:"Flower remedies"
3051:978-81-7021-271-3
3019:. Drugs.com. 2009
2605:
2595:
2585:
2580:Verbena verecunda
2575:
2565:
2555:
2544:
2534:
2524:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2479:Verbena thymoides
2474:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2439:Verbena tampensis
2434:
2424:
2419:Verbena sulphurea
2414:
2413:(Tronc.) Shinners
2409:Verbena subincana
2404:
2394:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2307:Verbena scabrella
2301:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2250:
2240:
2235:Verbena ribifolia
2230:
2220:
2210:
2205:Verbena rectiloba
2200:
2190:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2145:Verbena porrigens
2140:
2135:Verbena polyantha
2130:
2120:
2115:Verbena platensis
2110:
2105:Verbena pinetorum
2100:
2090:
2085:Verbena peruviana
2080:
2070:
2060:– pinleaf vervain
2059:
2049:
2044:Verbena paulensis
2039:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1994:Verbena × ostenii
1988:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1895:
1885:
1880:Verbena mendocina
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1820:Verbena madrensis
1815:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1774:
1769:Verbena litoralis
1764:
1754:
1749:Verbena lindmanii
1744:
1734:
1724:
1714:– western vervain
1713:
1703:
1693:
1688:Verbena laciniata
1683:
1678:Verbena kuntzeana
1673:
1663:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1572:
1562:
1551:
1541:
1536:Verbena gynobasis
1531:
1530:(Tronc.) Moldenke
1521:
1511:
1501:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1360:Willd. ex Spreng.
1351:
1341:
1336:Verbena delticola
1331:
1330:Mart. & Zucc.
1321:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1286:Verbena corymbosa
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1200:
1195:Verbena canescens
1190:
1180:
1175:Verbena calinfera
1169:
1159:
1148:
1137:
1132:Verbena bracteata
1127:
1116:
1106:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
961:Verbena × allenii
956:
946:
910:In the Victorian
827:Železník lekársky
819:Echtes Eisenkraut
792:
791:
673:Aloysia citrodora
556:ornamental plants
544:Purpletop vervain
474:chromosome number
375:), also known as
336:
335:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
184:
16:(Redirected from
4236:
4229:Medicinal plants
4194:
4193:
4181:
4180:
4168:
4167:
4158:
4157:
4145:
4144:
4132:
4131:
4119:
4118:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4080:NHMSYS0000464803
4070:
4069:
4057:
4056:
4044:
4043:
4031:
4030:
4018:
4017:
4005:
4004:
3992:
3991:
3979:
3978:
3966:
3965:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3939:
3927:
3926:
3914:
3913:
3901:
3900:
3888:
3887:
3875:
3874:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3818:
3817:
3795:Medicinal plants
3753:Related subjects
3744:Korean herbology
3729:Indian herbology
3688:Lingzhi mushroom
3436:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3403:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3325:. Weiser Books.
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3013:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2821:. Archived from
2811:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2729:
2701:
2687:
2676:Verbena speciosa
2671:
2655:
2634:
2622:
2603:
2593:
2584:(Umber) Moldenke
2583:
2573:
2570:Verbena venturii
2563:
2553:
2542:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2509:Verbena tumidula
2502:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2412:
2402:
2392:
2389:Verbena strigosa
2381:
2371:
2361:
2350:
2340:
2337:Verbena sessilis
2330:
2320:
2311:Sessé & Moc.
2310:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2188:
2185:Verbena radicata
2178:
2175:Verbena racemosa
2168:
2158:
2148:
2139:(Umber) Moldenke
2138:
2128:
2118:
2108:
2098:
2088:
2078:
2068:
2057:
2054:Verbena perennis
2047:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1986:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1853:
1850:Verbena maritima
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1783:
1772:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1732:
1729:Verbena lilloana
1722:
1719:Verbena lilacina
1711:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1658:Verbena jessicae
1651:
1641:
1638:Verbena incompta
1631:
1621:
1618:Verbena humifusa
1611:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1570:
1560:
1549:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1499:
1496:Verbena gracilis
1489:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1446:Verbena glabrata
1439:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1356:Verbena dissecta
1349:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1316:Verbena × deamii
1309:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1276:Verbena cloverae
1269:
1260:(Umber) Moldenke
1259:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1226:Verbena carolina
1219:
1209:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1167:
1157:
1154:Verbena cabrerae
1146:
1135:
1125:
1114:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1075:(Meisn.) Schauer
1074:
1071:Verbena berteroi
1064:
1054:
1051:Verbena balansae
1044:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1004:
1001:Verbena araucana
994:
984:
974:
964:
954:
944:
886:enhancer and in
865:"Paul Christian"
839:("iron grass").
837:
829:
821:
813:
805:
780:
747:
644:, usually as an
401:flowering plants
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
180:
84:
83:
60:
46:
45:
21:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4189:
4184:
4176:
4171:
4163:
4161:
4153:
4148:
4140:
4135:
4127:
4122:
4114:
4109:
4101:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4008:
4000:
3995:
3987:
3982:
3974:
3969:
3961:
3956:
3948:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3922:
3917:
3909:
3904:
3896:
3891:
3883:
3878:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3825:
3815:
3810:
3799:
3748:
3712:
3673:Almond mushroom
3661:
3443:
3440:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3317:
3313:
3306:Pitois, (1952)
3305:
3301:
3293:, Forge Press.
3288:
3284:
3277:
3261:
3257:
3248:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3210:
3206:
3198:Natural History
3193:
3186:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3119:
3115:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2973:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2888:
2884:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2714:
2702:
2693:
2688:
2679:
2672:
2663:
2656:
2647:
2635:
2626:
2623:
2614:
2609:
2545:– white vervain
2519:Verbena turneri
2384:– hoary vervain
2378:Verbena stricta
2347:Verbena simplex
2225:Verbena reitzii
2125:Verbena plicata
2034:Verbena parodii
1942:Verbena moranii
1612:Ruiz & Pav.
1608:Verbena hispida
1588:Verbena herteri
1567:Verbena hastata
1552:– Texas vervain
1416:Verbena falcata
1386:Verbena elegans
1366:Verbena dusenii
1346:Verbena demissa
1300:Ruiz & Pav.
1290:Ruiz & Pav.
1061:Verbena barbata
920:
851:Doreen Valiente
785:—translated by
782:Liber XXV, LIX
770:Pliny the Elder
763:
755:
734:Pliny the Elder
691:
685:
634:
614:
537:
510:V. hastata
443:
423:
348:
344:
332:
331:
231:
204:
201:
179:
78:
42:
35:
28:
27:Genus of plants
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4242:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4191:wfo-4000040140
4182:
4169:
4159:
4146:
4133:
4120:
4107:
4097:
4084:
4071:
4058:
4045:
4032:
4019:
4006:
3993:
3980:
3967:
3954:
3941:
3928:
3915:
3902:
3889:
3876:
3866:
3851:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3703:Morel mushroom
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Chaga mushroom
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3395:
3394:External links
3392:
3389:
3388:
3364:
3338:
3331:
3311:
3299:
3282:
3275:
3255:
3231:
3224:
3204:
3184:
3167:
3160:
3140:
3133:
3113:
3089:
3064:
3050:
3030:
3005:
2980:
2955:
2949:978-1405332965
2948:
2931:
2882:
2861:
2836:
2806:
2788:
2756:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2660:Verbena rigida
2657:
2650:
2648:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2606:– gulf vervain
2596:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2535:
2533:Niven ex Hook.
2525:
2515:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2465:
2459:Verbena tenera
2455:
2445:
2435:
2429:Verbena supina
2425:
2415:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2374:
2364:
2354:
2343:
2341:(Cham.) Kuntze
2333:
2327:Verbena selloi
2323:
2313:
2303:
2296:Verbena scabra
2292:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2256:Verbena rugosa
2252:
2245:Verbena rigida
2241:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2201:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2155:Verbena pumila
2151:
2141:
2131:
2121:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2081:
2071:
2061:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1979:
1976:(A.Gray) Briq.
1968:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1927:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1896:– mint vervain
1886:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1830:Verbena malmii
1826:
1816:
1806:
1796:
1790:Verbena lobata
1786:
1776:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1563:
1553:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1506:Verbena grisea
1502:
1492:
1490:(Cham.) Herter
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1342:
1340:Small ex Perry
1332:
1322:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1222:
1216:Verbena carnea
1212:
1202:
1201:– gray vervain
1191:
1181:
1171:
1160:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1118:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
971:Verbena amoena
967:
957:
947:
936:
919:
916:
844:V. officinalis
790:
789:
787:Harris Rackham
783:
765:
764:
756:
702:V. officinalis
698:common vervain
684:
681:
633:
630:
626:Bemisia tabaci
613:
610:
587:V. officinalis
548:V. bonariensis
536:
533:
445:Verbena is an
442:
439:
422:
419:
387:in the family
334:
333:
330:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
292:Shuttleworthia
289:
281:
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
218:
217:
211:
210:
206:
205:
202:
193:
192:
186:
185:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
135:
134:
129:
122:
121:
116:
109:
108:
103:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
72:
71:
62:
61:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4241:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Garden plants
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:Summer savory
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3334:
3332:9781633411586
3328:
3324:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3278:
3276:9780719826917
3272:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3227:
3225:9780080546025
3221:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3018:
3012:
3010:
2995:on 2012-12-24
2994:
2990:
2984:
2970:on 2012-12-24
2969:
2965:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2825:on 2021-06-13
2824:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2763:
2761:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2705:Hoary Vervain
2700:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2628:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2600:Verbena xutha
2597:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:Verbena recta
2192:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:Verbena ovata
2001:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1598:Verbena hirta
1595:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1546:Verbena halei
1543:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:Verbena flava
1433:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
993:
992:
988:
983:
982:
978:
973:
972:
968:
963:
962:
958:
953:
952:
948:
945:Otto ex Sweet
943:
942:
941:Verbena alata
938:
937:
935:
933:
932:
927:
926:
915:
913:
908:
906:
902:
897:
895:
894:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
873:Romani people
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:
852:
847:
845:
840:
838:
836:
830:
828:
822:
820:
814:
812:
806:
804:
798:
788:
784:
781:
779:
778:
771:
767:
766:
762:
757:
754:
749:
748:
745:
743:
740:presented on
739:
735:
731:
727:
726:Eos Erigineia
723:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
680:
678:
674:
670:
669:lemon verbena
666:
665:essential oil
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
629:
627:
623:
619:
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
549:
545:
541:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
511:
506:
505:
500:
496:
495:gene transfer
493:
489:
488:
483:
479:
478:mock vervains
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
438:
436:
432:
428:
418:
416:
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
372:
342:
341:
325:
322:
317:
314:
309:
306:
301:
298:
293:
290:
285:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
258:
253:
250:
245:
242:
237:
234:
233:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
207:
200:
199:
194:
191:
187:
183:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:Tracheophytes
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
82:
77:
73:
70:
69:
63:
59:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3830:
3805:
3647:White willow
3641:
3617:Tea tree oil
3567:Marsh-mallow
3475:Asthma-plant
3380:. Retrieved
3376:
3367:
3355:. Retrieved
3341:
3321:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3285:
3265:
3258:
3247:. Retrieved
3243:
3234:
3214:
3207:
3197:
3177:
3170:
3150:
3143:
3123:
3116:
3105:. Retrieved
3101:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3040:
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
2997:. Retrieved
2993:the original
2983:
2972:. Retrieved
2968:the original
2958:
2939:
2934:
2904:(1): 23–33.
2901:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2853:. Retrieved
2851:. 2021-10-19
2848:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2823:the original
2818:
2809:
2801:Sunset Books
2796:
2791:
2779:. Retrieved
2774:
2769:
2748:. Retrieved
2746:. 2004-01-29
2739:
2734:
2727:
2708:
2674:
2658:
2643:V. bracteata
2641:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2537:
2527:
2517:
2507:
2497:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2123:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2089:(L.) Britton
2083:
2073:
2063:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1981:
1970:
1962:Verbena nana
1960:
1950:
1940:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1767:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1717:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1565:
1555:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1284:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1204:
1193:
1189:(L.) Britton
1183:
1173:
1162:
1152:
1141:
1130:
1120:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
923:
921:
909:
904:
898:
891:
877:
860:
854:
848:
843:
841:
832:
824:
816:
811:Læge-Jernurt
808:
800:
793:
773:
759:
751:
737:
730:generic name
719:
705:
701:
672:
662:
652:, a kind of
646:herbal tonic
635:
625:
615:
598:Sissinghurst
595:
586:
568:
553:
547:
514:
508:
502:
498:
485:
481:
463:
444:
437:are in use.
434:
430:
426:
424:
415:type species
408:
380:
376:
339:
338:
337:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
268:Helleranthus
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
214:
196:
190:Type species
175:
174:
138:
125:
112:
99:
66:
49:
43:
4023:iNaturalist
3855:Wikispecies
3770:Herb garden
3577:Opium poppy
3490:medical use
3082:11 November
3057:2 September
2829:19 November
2819:Tea Reviews
1642:P.W.Michael
888:oneiromancy
714:Jacob Sturm
591:honey plant
535:Cultivation
499:Glandularia
492:chloroplast
482:Glandularia
441:Description
389:Verbenaceae
300:Styleurodon
260:Glandularia
244:Billardiera
165:Verbenaceae
119:Angiosperms
4208:Categories
3790:Homeopathy
3780:Herbal tea
3632:Umckaloabo
3607:Star anise
3587:Peppermint
3552:Lemon balm
3547:Goldenseal
3480:Astragalus
3382:2016-11-26
3249:2022-06-22
3107:2022-06-22
2999:2013-05-06
2974:2013-05-06
2879:: 127–128.
2855:2022-06-22
2750:2011-08-29
2719:References
2710:V. stricta
1692:(L.) Briq.
869:mandragora
736:describes
687:See also:
683:In culture
447:herbaceous
324:Verbenella
3945:FloraBase
3785:Herbalism
3557:Liquorice
3517:Fenugreek
3512:Chaparral
3507:Chamomile
3460:Aloe vera
3098:"Verbena"
3017:"Vervain"
2513:L.M.Perry
2362:L.M.Perry
1946:G.L.Nesom
1824:G.L.Nesom
1420:G.L.Nesom
1179:G.L.Nesom
884:entheogen
803:IJzerhard
677:perfumery
638:herbalism
581:, or the
566:schemes.
470:polyploid
459:cultivars
397:perennial
263:J.F.Gmel.
215:See text
89:Kingdom:
4173:VicFlora
4162:VASCAN:
4155:40023772
4150:Tropicos
4041:330551-2
3906:eFloraSA
3840:Wikidata
3708:Shiitake
3637:Valerian
3627:Turmeric
3597:Rosemary
3562:Marigold
3527:Flaxseed
3522:Feverfew
3502:Cardamom
3485:Cannabis
3470:Borututu
3351:Archived
3102:frontend
2926:18495498
2872:Hickenia
2733:"Genus:
2574:Moldenke
2554:Moldenke
2403:Moldenke
2270:Moldenke
2229:Moldenke
2219:Moldenke
2209:Moldenke
2189:Moldenke
2169:A.Heller
2109:Moldenke
2079:Moldenke
2069:Moldenke
2048:Moldenke
2028:Moldenke
2018:Moldenke
1998:Moldenke
1966:Moldenke
1956:Moldenke
1925:Moldenke
1834:Moldenke
1804:A.Heller
1743:Moldenke
1733:Moldenke
1682:Moldenke
1672:Moldenke
1632:Moldenke
1592:Moldenke
1582:Moldenke
1480:Moldenke
1470:Moldenke
1400:Moldenke
1370:Moldenke
1350:Moldenke
1320:Moldenke
1280:Moldenke
1270:Moldenke
1250:Moldenke
1240:Moldenke
1210:Moldenke
1168:Moldenke
1158:Moldenke
1105:Moldenke
1085:Moldenke
1045:Moldenke
985:Moldenke
965:Moldenke
931:Junellia
856:cimaruta
487:Junellia
431:verveine
381:verveine
316:Uwarowia
308:Stylodon
252:Burseria
236:Aubletia
222:Synonyms
209:Species
161:Family:
155:Lamiales
145:Asterids
132:Eudicots
4214:Verbena
4116:1072516
4054:1064523
4002:2925470
3976:Verbena
3911:Verbena
3861:Verbena
3846:Q165290
3831:Verbena
3698:Meshima
3693:Maitake
3657:Za'atar
3642:Verbena
3582:Oregano
3542:Ginseng
3497:Caraway
3455:Alfalfa
3406:Verbena
3357:16 July
3023:7 March
2906:Bibcode
2892:Verbena
2770:Verbena
2735:Verbena
2612:Gallery
2503:Svenson
2463:Spreng.
2331:Spreng.
2321:Griseb.
2249:Spreng.
2119:Spreng.
1935:Spreng.
1874:Spreng.
1602:Spreng.
1430:Schauer
1380:Schauer
1095:Schauer
1015:S.Moore
925:Aloysia
918:Species
742:Jupiter
738:verbena
704:) from
564:bedding
466:diploid
455:species
435:vervain
427:Verbena
383:, is a
377:vervain
340:Verbena
276:Obletia
176:Verbena
171:Genus:
151:Order:
93:Plantae
50:Verbena
18:Vervain
4124:PLANTS
4100:NZOR:
3989:134475
3963:134475
3885:112199
3872:195810
3869:APDB:
3775:Herbal
3652:Yarrow
3537:Ginkgo
3532:Ginger
3329:
3295:p. 402
3273:
3222:
3158:
3131:
3048:
2946:
2924:
2781:14 May
2453:Tronc.
2179:Eggert
2129:Greene
2058:Wooton
1894:Benth.
1723:Greene
1310:Quézel
1220:Medik.
1065:Graham
1025:Reiche
975:Paxton
880:Pawnee
728:. The
716:, 1796
521:hybrid
451:family
421:Naming
405:native
393:annual
295:Meisn.
279:Rozier
255:Loefl.
247:Moench
4129:VERBE
4093:22002
4067:32070
4049:IRMNG
4028:53317
4015:12680
3971:FoAO2
3950:21993
3937:1VEBG
3924:37728
3898:99FT5
3666:Fungi
3622:Thyme
3465:Anise
3448:Herbs
2604:Lehm.
2594:Hayek
2564:Kunth
2493:Briq.
2483:Cham.
2423:D.Don
2393:Cham.
2382:Vent.
2372:Cham.
2351:Lehm.
2280:Cham.
2260:Mill.
2239:Walp.
2199:Kunth
2159:Rydb.
2149:Phil.
2099:Cham.
2008:Cham.
1905:Kunth
1884:Phil.
1864:Cham.
1854:Small
1814:Speg.
1794:Vell.
1773:Kunth
1763:Walp.
1753:Briq.
1702:Phil.
1622:Cham.
1561:Briq.
1550:Small
1540:Wedd.
1500:Desf.
1460:Briq.
1450:Kunth
1410:Cham.
1390:Kunth
1199:Kunth
1147:Vell.
1055:Briq.
1035:Speg.
1005:Phil.
835:vasfű
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