58:
289:
655:
40:
943:
701:
herb has been used in the traditional
Austrian medicine internally (as tea or liqueur) for treatment of infections and fever. Medical use of Common Vervain is usually as a
1046:"Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine - An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"
971:
909:
634:
852:
1093:
Mundkinajeddu Deepak & Sukhdev Swami Handa (September 2000). "Antiinflammatory activity and chemical composition of extracts of
Verbena officinalis".
905:
1136:
Makino, Y.; Kondo, S.; Nishimura, Y.; Tsukamoto, Y.; Huang, Z. L.; Urade, Y. (2009). "Hastatoside and verbenalin are sleep-promoting components in
881:
1691:
1887:
1753:
1530:
1044:
Vogl, S; Picker, P; Mihaly-Bison, J; Fakhrudin, N; Atanasov, AG; Heiss, EH; Wawrosch, C; Reznicek, G; Dirsch, VM; Saukel, J; Kopp, B (2013).
979:
947:
928:
1771:
1861:
1639:
1216:"Simultaneous determination of four bioactive compounds in Verbena officinalis L. By using high-performance liquid chromatography"
1704:
1652:
1287:
1278:
876:
widely found in
England in a native state is common vervain, though it is just as possible that the names reference the popular
1789:
1307:
1106:
1840:
1999:
1709:
1564:
1525:
1352:
761:, the term "verbena" or "vervain" usually refers to this, the most widespread and common member of the mostly American
250:
1994:
1979:
1918:
916:
of derivatives of ursolic acid and oleanolic acids. Chromatographic purification of the methanol extract yield two
1758:
1187:
Tian, J; Zhao, Y. M.; Luan, X. H. (2005). "Studies on the chemical constitutents in herb of
Verbena officinalis".
1678:
1913:
1794:
1879:
1342:
1740:
1427:
1283:
1621:
1595:
1491:
1358:
1466:
721:, it is sometimes considered a powerful "ally" of poets and writers, as its relaxing effects can relieve
624:
alone strongly suggests there is really no justification to include this North
American native here, and
1874:
1657:
1269:
796:; hence names like "Holy Herb" or (e.g. in Wales) "Devil's bane". Because of the association with the
1989:
1974:
1781:
1608:
57:
1969:
273:
1732:
1517:
1616:
1370:
1866:
1696:
1590:
1389:
1174:
862:
174:
1820:
1538:
892:
Chemical investigations of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts led to the isolation of
831:
714:
472:
1928:
736:
While common vervain is not native to North
America, it has been introduced there and the
8:
1375:
1189:
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi=Zhongguo
Zhongyao Zazhi=China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
672:
478:
1582:
1438:
835:
1936:
1853:
1603:
1242:
1215:
1157:
1118:
1070:
1045:
845:
788:
In early medieval Europe, some accounts stated that Common
Vervain was used to staunch
750:
395:
198:
52:
1892:
322:. Being the only member of its genus in much of its range, it is also simply known as
1815:
1499:
1324:
1305:
complex (Verbenaceae) indicates two independent intergeneric chloroplast transfers".
1301:
Yuan, Yao-Wu; Olmstead, Richard G (2008). "A species-level phylogenetic study of the
1247:
1196:
1153:
1110:
1075:
859:
797:
722:
706:
408:
1161:
1122:
1964:
1941:
1504:
1316:
1237:
1227:
1149:
1102:
1065:
1057:
877:
774:
713:
discusses folk uses. "Vervain", presumably this species, is one of the original 38
639:
502:
385:
265:
1471:
1458:
1830:
1802:
1719:
1007:. London, England ; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Singing Dragon. p. 388.
932:
692:
684:
664:
425:
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375:
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345:
318:
95:
1745:
1320:
893:
1984:
1848:
1448:
1214:
Cao, G.; Cong, X. D.; Zhang, Y.; Cai, B. C.; Liu, Z.; Xu, Z.; Zhou, H. (2012).
901:
778:
424:, used for any sacrificial herb considered very powerful (as described e.g. by
355:
82:
1061:
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1958:
1569:
1412:
770:
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609:
483:
463:
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403:
277:
190:
1232:
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1200:
1114:
1079:
1005:
The
Western herbal tradition : 2000 years of medicinal plant knowledge
939:
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621:
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1727:
1665:
1481:
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866:
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141:
1807:
1631:
654:
1644:
1092:
975:
951:
924:
842:
819:
718:
702:
506:
495:
333:
in many
Central and Eastern European languages often associate it with
20:
1670:
1577:
1551:
1348:
955:
935:
920:
741:
726:
688:
439:
272:
ascribe to it. Propagation is by root cuttings or seed. It is widely
269:
39:
1383:
1107:
10.1002/1099-1573(200009)14:6<463::AID-PTR611>3.0.CO;2-G
966:. In another study, four compounds were isolated and identified as
865:
bore the same name; a Group 2 vessel of the latter class was called
1900:
1766:
1406:
967:
963:
813:
801:
793:
676:
455:
131:
121:
108:
1683:
1556:
458:, it is derived from the lineage nowadays occurring widely across
1512:
983:
917:
758:
491:
151:
620:
as a subspecies or variety. But despite the outward similarity,
1543:
1043:
823:
659:
462:. It might be closest to a group including such species as the
264:
This plant prefers limey soils; it is occasionally grown as an
254:
246:
1135:
805:
789:
762:
435:
258:
69:
748:, and is often referred to as the North American version of
646:
lineage which might explain its Common Vervain-like traits.
1003:
Tobin, Graeme; Denham, Alison; Whitelegg, Margaret (2016).
766:
334:
242:
782:
505:
have been described, some of them as distinct species or
268:
but perhaps more often for the powerful properties some
986:
has also been found as one of the active constituents.
683:
forces, and it has an equally long-standing use as a
19:"Holy herb" redirects here. Not to be confused with
691:drug in much the same way as for the better known
671:Common vervain has been held in high esteem since
249:. It grows up to 70 cm high, with an upright
253:. The lobed leaves are toothed, and the delicate
1956:
1213:
717:, prescribed against "over-enthusiasm". In the
402:Common vervain was scientifically described by
1365:. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
725:. It cannot be considered safe to use during
1300:
1186:
283:
316:is also sometimes used, but also refers to
1018:
1016:
1014:
509:. The following are often accepted today:
38:
1241:
1231:
1069:
1030:
1028:
834:) it is employed in the preparation of a
765:occurring there. It was called "tears of
276:outside its native range, for example in
653:
287:
1288:United States Department of Agriculture
1279:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1011:
1957:
1025:
1388:
1387:
1308:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1919:940567ca-c093-45ac-abd0-1668ea79d539
1782:8ed5a04b-248d-44c3-b3c8-d3ed8089b51d
792:' wounds after his removal from the
675:; it has long been associated with
13:
1353:University of California, Berkeley
14:
2011:
1336:
958:) properties. It also contains a
851:of the World War I era was named
828:The History and Practice of Magic
1880:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330554-2
1154:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2009.00405.x
811:Vervain flowers are engraved on
687:. Herbal capsules are used as a
649:
56:
632:seems to be closely related to
1207:
1180:
1168:
1129:
1086:
1037:
996:
454:native to regions outside the
445:
1:
1284:Agricultural Research Service
1262:
521:(R. Fern. & Verdc.) Munir
1142:Sleep and Biological Rhythms
989:
887:
257:hold clusters of two-lipped
7:
2000:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1321:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.004
616:) is sometimes included in
10:
2016:
1034:Yuan & Olmstead (2008)
450:One of the few species of
18:
16:Species of flowering plant
1396:
1177:, wildflowerfinder.org.uk
1062:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007
438:for "used in medicine or
304:, or more ambiguously as
284:Common names and taxonomy
204:
197:
180:
173:
53:Scientific classification
51:
46:
37:
30:
1995:Plants described in 1753
944:β-sitosterol-D-glucoside
804:to drive out and repel "
800:, it came to be used in
1980:Garden plants of Europe
1233:10.4103/0973-1296.96575
1220:Pharmacognosy Magazine
954:have sleep-promoting (
880:verbenas, such as the
858:, and in World War II
781:, it was dedicated to
740:have adopted it as an
668:
628:data agrees. Instead,
293:
1371:"Verbena officinalis"
1359:"Verbena officinalis"
1095:Phytotherapy Research
863:Flower-class corvette
830:by "Paul Christian" (
711:The English Physitian
657:
398:: "common irongrass")
388:: "medical ironherb")
378:: "medical ironherb")
368:: "medical ironherb")
291:
832:Jean-Baptiste Pitois
715:Bach flower remedies
638:, perhaps with some
532:R.Fern. & Verdc.
329:The common names of
296:It is also known as
216:Verbena macrostachya
1831:Verbena_officinalis
1772:Verbena~officinalis
1609:Verbena officinalis
1531:Verbena_officinalis
1428:Verbena officinalis
1398:Verbena officinalis
1376:Plants for a Future
1344:Verbena officinalis
1272:Verbena officinalis
910:3-epioleanolic acid
699:Verbena officinalis
673:classical antiquity
591:Verbena officinalis
579:Verbena officinalis
562:Verbena officinalis
550:Verbena officinalis
538:Verbena officinalis
514:Verbena officinalis
490:). As these, it is
230:Verbena officinalis
208:Verbena domingensis
184:Verbena officinalis
166:V. officinalis
32:Verbena officinalis
751:Calea zacatechichi
729:as it might cause
669:
569:(F. Muell.) Benth.
482:, and perhaps the
348:: "true ironherb")
312:. The common name
294:
292:Flowers and leaves
1952:
1951:
1816:Open Tree of Life
1390:Taxon identifiers
972:4'-hydroxywogonin
906:3-epiursolic acid
798:Passion of Christ
707:Nicholas Culpeper
658:In a 4th-century
599:
587:
570:
558:
546:
533:
522:
409:Species Plantarum
372:Železník lekársky
342:Echtes Eisenkraut
241:, is a perennial
226:
225:
220:
212:
2007:
1990:Flora of Lebanon
1975:Medicinal plants
1945:
1944:
1932:
1931:
1922:
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1746:NBNSYS0000004191
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1366:
1351:photo database,
1332:
1297:
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1255:
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1235:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1184:
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1126:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1050:J Ethnopharmacol
1041:
1035:
1032:
1023:
1020:
1009:
1008:
1000:
817:, Italian anti-
773:, and later on "
744:enhancer and in
597:
585:
568:
556:
544:
531:
520:
434:, meanwhile, is
392:Közönséges vasfű
266:ornamental plant
218:
210:
186:
61:
60:
42:
28:
27:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1970:Flora of Europe
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1953:
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1927:
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1912:
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1803:Observation.org
1801:
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1731:
1726:
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1717:MichiganFlora:
1716:
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1677:
1669:
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1643:
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1038:
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1021:
1012:
1001:
997:
992:
962:alcohol called
933:phenylpropanoid
890:
685:medicinal plant
665:Pseudo-Apuleius
652:
573:V. macrostachya
501:Numerous local
473:V. lasiostachys
448:
426:Pliny the Elder
416:references the
414:scientific name
382:Rohtorautayrtti
337:, for example:
286:
193:
188:
182:
169:
55:
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17:
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5:
2013:
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1337:External links
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1257:
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1179:
1167:
1148:(3): 211–217.
1140:officinalis".
1128:
1101:(6): 463–465.
1085:
1036:
1024:
1010:
994:
993:
991:
988:
902:oleanolic acid
889:
886:
882:garden vervain
826:. In the 1870
779:Ancient Greece
777:'s tears". In
723:writer's block
651:
648:
644:V. menthifolia
635:V. macdougalii
618:V. officinalis
606:
605:
602:V. domingensis
588:
576:
559:
547:
535:
525:V. officinalis
479:V. menthifolia
468:V. urticifolia
447:
444:
400:
399:
389:
379:
369:
359:
358:: "iron-hard")
349:
331:V. officinalis
306:mosquito plant
285:
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239:common verbena
235:common vervain
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1226:(30): 162–5.
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1056:(3): 750–71.
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914:triterpenoids
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783:Eos Erigineia
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650:Use by humans
647:
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640:interbreeding
637:
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627:
623:
619:
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610:Texas vervain
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484:swamp verbena
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461:
460:North America
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898:ursolic acid
894:β-sitosterol
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626:DNA sequence
622:biogeography
617:
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1728:NatureServe
1666:iNaturalist
1422:Wikispecies
1022:USDA (2007)
980:hastatoside
960:monoterpene
948:Hastatoside
929:hastatoside
872:. The only
757:In western
746:oneiromancy
595:officinalis
496:chromosomes
446:Systematics
431:Officinalis
310:wild hyssop
274:naturalised
142:Verbenaceae
96:Angiosperms
1959:Categories
1854:kew-212527
1849:Plant List
1489:Calflora:
1293:2008-08-07
1263:References
976:verbenalin
952:verbenalin
925:verbenalin
921:glucosides
912:and minor
878:ornamental
843:Royal Navy
836:mandragora
820:stregheria
719:modern era
703:herbal tea
679:and other
507:subspecies
488:V. hastata
319:V. hastata
270:herbalists
245:native to
47:Flowering
21:holy basil
1622:200019436
1596:200019436
1578:FloraBase
1349:CalPhotos
990:Footnotes
956:soporific
936:glycoside
888:Chemistry
867:HMS
860:a Group 1
853:HMS
802:ointments
742:entheogen
727:pregnancy
689:soporific
642:with the
583:monticola
542:eremicola
503:varieties
440:herbalism
406:his 1753
396:Hungarian
352:IJzerhard
326:locally.
302:holy herb
261:flowers.
160:Species:
66:Kingdom:
1914:VicFlora
1906:33700019
1901:Tropicos
1828:PalDat:
1767:NSWFlora
1733:2.160656
1697:10590642
1684:330554-2
1526:eFloraSA
1479:BioLib:
1407:Wikidata
1363:Calflora
1329:18495498
1252:22701291
1201:15724402
1162:74435229
1123:24506417
1115:10960904
1080:23770053
968:apigenin
964:verbenol
814:cimaruta
709:'s 1652
693:valerian
630:V. halei
614:V. halei
529:africana
518:africana
494:with 14
456:Americas
219:F.Muell.
199:Synonyms
138:Family:
132:Lamiales
122:Asterids
109:Eudicots
1965:Verbena
1645:2925529
1513:Ecocrop
1413:Q161417
1347:in the
1303:Verbena
1243:3371439
1138:Verbena
1071:3791396
984:Aucubin
918:iridoid
874:Verbena
869:Vervain
855:Verbena
838:charm.
806:demonic
759:Eurasia
492:diploid
452:Verbena
422:verbena
386:Finnish
324:vervain
251:habitus
153:Verbena
148:Genus:
128:Order:
70:Plantae
1893:4076-5
1862:PLANTS
1821:472462
1779:NZOR:
1632:VEROFF
1629:FoIO:
1570:185092
1544:579851
1472:112408
1459:155451
1456:APDB:
1436:AoFP:
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847:Arabis
824:charms
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677:divine
660:herbal
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376:Slovak
366:Danish
346:German
255:spikes
247:Europe
233:, the
1985:Herbs
1926:WoI:
1888:SANBI
1838:PFI:
1790:NZPCN
1759:79772
1710:32110
1692:IRMNG
1671:56163
1658:41164
1604:FoAO2
1583:19511
1565:EUNIS
1557:VEBOF
1518:10758
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1158:S2CID
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794:cross
790:Jesus
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763:genus
593:var.
586:Munir
581:var.
564:var.
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552:var.
545:Munir
540:var.
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516:var.
436:Latin
420:term
356:Dutch
259:mauve
116:Clade
103:Clade
90:Clade
77:Clade
1929:1334
1875:POWO
1867:VEOF
1841:4389
1808:7614
1795:2590
1754:NCBI
1720:2771
1705:ITIS
1679:IPNI
1653:GRIN
1640:GBIF
1552:EPPO
1492:9424
1467:APNI
1449:3696
1439:3665
1325:PMID
1248:PMID
1197:PMID
1111:PMID
1076:PMID
950:and
942:and
927:and
775:Juno
767:Isis
608:The
335:iron
243:herb
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1937:WFO
1741:NBN
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1500:CoL
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