29:
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and a change of /u/ to /o/), but could also indicate loss or weakening of the grammatical case distinction between the accusative and ablative cases (in
Classical Latin, the same phrases would have the forms
467:
The subject of the riddle is the writer himself: the oxen are his fingers which draw a feather (the white plow) across the page (the white field), leaving a trail of ink (the black seed).
523:
Though initially hailed as the earliest document in a vernacular of Italy in the first years following
Schiapparelli's discovery, today the record has been disputed by many scholars from
532:
412:
722:
878:
552:
The text displays some, but not all of the phonetic and grammatical changes that occurred between Latin and
Standard Italian. The verbs
347:
787:
623:
on associated adjectives. However, this
Italian development is not found in all vernacular Romance languages of Italy: some retain
194:
767:
545:(960 AD; the first in a series of four documents dated 960-963 AD issued by a Capuan court) is considered to be the oldest
863:
539:, though this very term is far from being clear-cut, and Migliorini himself considers it dilapidated. At present, the
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200:
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340:
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893:
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was retained only for a relatively small number of nouns, which now trigger feminine plural agreement in
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masculine plural form, rather than displaying the vocalic plural ending seen in modern
Standard Italian
903:
898:
888:
484:
333:
113:
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is consistent with regular phonetic developments in Late Latin and
Romance (loss of word-final
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8:
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which eventually ousted it from its place in everyday speech in most of Italy.
707:
615:. This contrasts with the grammar of Standard Italian, where the plural ending
404:
252:
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118:
872:
500:
321:
183:
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in 1924, it may be the earliest extant example of
Romance writing in Italy.
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is still the word for 'push on', 'drive', 'lead' (Italian, by contrast, has
627:
as a neuter plural ending used in both nouns and adjectives. The text uses
536:
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744:'white' is found in Old Italian, in competition with the Germanic
698:. Michele A. Cortelazzo and Ivano Paccagnella say that the plural
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and therefore a genuine
Romance plural rather than a Latinism.
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488:. The parchment, discovered by Schiapparelli in 1924, is a
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and still in circulation in recent times. Discovered by
388:, probably in the 8th or early 9th century, by a
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535:, who have placed it at the latest stage of
423:The text, with a literal translation, runs:
611:is found on both the noun and adjective in
829:Problemi e scrittori della lingua italiana
348:
334:
607:). As in Latin, the neuter plural ending
836:Il libro Garzanti della lingua italiana
768:Saint Clement and Sisinnius Inscription
879:Earliest known manuscripts by language
871:
568:show the phonetic loss of word-final
549:example of Romance writing in Italy.
16:Late Latin riddle from Northern Italy
425:
13:
788:"Le origini della lingua italiana"
14:
930:
854:
713:In terms of vocabulary, the term
646:where Classical Latin would have
686:in the ablative case). The form
588:(from the Latin imperfect forms
201:The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis
27:
763:Commodilla catacomb inscription
503:. From there it was brought to
485:Biblioteca Capitolare di Verona
827:Aldo Giudice, Giovanni Bruni,
780:
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42:Indovinello Veronese (Italian)
1:
831:. Torino, Paravia 1973, vols.
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190:Pontifical Academy of Arcadia
822:Storia della lingua italiana
725:(and other varieties of the
7:
841:Lucia Cesarini Martinelli,
751:
665:. The replacement of Latin
448:He led oxen in front of him
10:
935:
721:" can be found in today's
690:is identical to the Latin
519:Text analysis and comments
478:The Riddle was written on
838:. Milano, Garzanti, 1969.
824:. Firenze, Sansoni, 1987.
407:, a popular genre in the
136:
114:Italo-Dalmatian languages
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58:
46:
38:
26:
21:
909:10th-century manuscripts
450:He ploughed white fields
403:. It is an example of a
95:This article is part of
62:8th or early 9th century
706:may well be considered
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499:, probably written in
454:He sowed a black seed
452:He held a white plough
446:
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138:Accademia della Crusca
145:Enciclopedia Treccani
919:Manuscripts in Latin
864:Indovinello Veronese
729:), just as the verb
511:before reaching the
439:negro semen seminaba
437:albo versorio teneba
370:Indovinello veronese
317:Syntactic gemination
914:Works about writing
482:LXXXIX (89) of the
435:alba pratalia araba
894:10th-century poems
413:Luigi Schiaparelli
904:History of Verona
899:Culture in Verona
758:Placiti Cassinesi
727:Venetian language
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184:The Divine Comedy
168:Placiti Cassinesi
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889:Italian language
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818:Bruno Migliorini
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790:. Archived from
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723:Veronese dialect
572:, as in Italian
525:Bruno Migliorini
497:Christian Church
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386:Verona Orational
376:written in late
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276:Verb conjugation
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492:oration by the
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433:Se pareba boves
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362:Veronese Riddle
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178:Dolce Stil Novo
173:Sicilian School
163:Veronese Riddle
54:/ Early Romance
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22:Veronese Riddle
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794:on May 7, 2006
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208:The Betrothed
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33:Original text
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861:(in Italian)
843:La filologia
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835:
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796:. Retrieved
792:the original
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684:nigro semine
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537:Vulgar Latin
529:Cesare Segre
522:
507:and then to
483:
477:
472:
466:
447:
430:
422:
378:Vulgar Latin
361:
359:
206:
199:
182:
162:
52:Vulgar Latin
515:of Verona.
473:Indovinello
463:Explanation
409:Middle Ages
380:, or early
294:Orthography
258:Italophilia
873:Categories
774:References
692:accusative
602:, seminaba
547:undisputed
243:Philosophy
233:Literature
218:Literature
124:Florentine
97:the series
67:Provenance
39:Full title
798:April 18,
735:spingere,
490:Mozarabic
390:Christian
384:, on the
308:Phonology
220:and other
845:. Roma,
752:See also
715:versorio
598:, teneba
586:seminava
566:seminaba
505:Cagliari
285:Alphabet
47:Language
884:Riddles
849:, 1984.
834:AA.VV.
738:guidare
652:versori
633:versori
594:, araba
513:Chapter
494:Spanish
382:Romance
372:) is a
366:Italian
299:Braille
267:Grammar
228:Culture
154:History
746:bianco
719:plough
590:pareba
582:teneva
574:pareva
562:teneba
554:pareba
501:Toledo
397:Verona
374:riddle
253:Comics
248:Poetry
119:Tuscan
99:on the
85:Riddle
71:Verona
811:Notes
731:parar
717:for "
708:Ladin
704:boves
688:boves
669:with
663:semen
644:semen
578:arava
558:araba
480:codex
401:Italy
395:from
238:Music
81:Genre
75:Italy
50:Late
800:2007
742:Albo
696:buoi
682:and
659:nigr
657:and
640:negr
638:and
531:and
509:Pisa
419:Text
393:monk
360:The
59:Date
740:).
702:of
700:-es
667:-um
648:alb
629:alb
527:to
875::
820:,
675:-m
671:-o
661:um
654:um
650:um
625:-a
621:-e
617:-a
609:-a
584:,
580:,
576:,
570:-t
564:,
560:,
556:,
368::
73:,
802:.
642:o
635:o
631:o
604:t
600:t
596:t
592:t
364:(
349:e
342:t
335:v
126:)
122:(
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