934:
27:
58:
2150:
guide to living life. Riddles play a crucial role in the series, the main protagonist, Morgon of Hed, beginning his journey by winning the crown of the kings of Aum in a Riddle Game with the ancient ghost of Peven of Aum; Peven had a standing wager going that no one could win a riddle-game with him, and those who lost against him forfeited their lives. "Beware the unanswered riddle."
619:
1383:, are in origin translations of riddles by Aldhelm (and Riddle 35 the only Old English riddle to be attested in another manuscript besides the Exeter Book). Unlike the pithy three-line riddles of Symphosius, the Old English riddles tend to be discursive, often musing on complex processes of manufacture when describing artefacts such as mead (
1002:. Taylor cited the following example: '"Who moves in the air? Who makes a noise on seeing a thief? Who is the enemy of lotuses? Who is the climax of fury?" The answers to the first three questions, when combined in the manner of a charade, yield the answer to the fourth question. The first answer is bird (
954:
school texts which show no literary polish". The answers to the riddles are not preserved; the riddles include "my knees hasten, my feet do not rest, a shepherd without pity drives me to pasture" (a river? A rowboat?); "you went and took the enemy's property; the enemy came and took your property" (a
598:
in the post-War period encouraged more researchers to study the social role of riddles and riddling, highlighting their role of re-orienting reality in the face of fear and anxiety. However, wide-ranging studies of riddles have tended to be limited to
Western countries, with Asian and African riddles
2149:
trilogy, the ancient art of riddlery is taught at the
College of Caithnard â the study based on books recovered from the ruins of the School of Wizards. The riddles in the series are composed of three parts â the question, the answer, and the stricture â and are both a way of recording history and a
1893:
Anthropological research in Africa has produced extensive collections of riddles over the last century or so. Riddles have been characterised as "one of the most important forms of oral art in Africa"; Hamnett analyzes
African riddling from an anthropological viewpoint; Yoruba riddles have enjoyed a
1467:
composed at least eight verse riddles on themes such as a pen, gold, and the privy, this was seen as a lapse in taste by many of his contemporaries. However, although riddles are seldom used today as a literary form in their own right, they have arguably influenced the approach to poetry of a number
1649:
Finnic riddles are noteworthy in relation to the rest of the world's oral riddle canon for its original imagery, their abundance of sexual riddles, and the interesting collision of influences from east and west; along with the attestation in some regions of an elaborate riddle-game. Riddles provide
2055:
It took place without teams, but was a kind of a contest: a member of the group would be sent out of the room, the others agreed on the riddle to be posed; for three failures to divine the answer, the riddlee would have to drop out of the game, to step aside, and to "buy" with a token the right to
470:
serve to encode and establish social norms, "riddles make a point of playing with conceptual boundaries and crossing them for the intellectual pleasure of showing that things are not quite as stable as they seem" â though the point of doing so may still ultimately be to "play with boundaries, but
1394:
While medieval records of
Germanic-language riddles are patchy, with the advent of print in the West, collections of riddles and similar kinds of questions began to be published. A large number of riddle collections were printed in the German-speaking world and, partly under German influence, in
1939:
Someone will say, "What I desire and what I am seeking is that which bears a lake within itself;" and by this is intended a pumpkin or calabash. Another will say, "What I ask for is seen in my eyesâit will be marked with various colors"; and because the same Huron word that signifies "eye" also
1982:
musical genre in which guitar players compete in a symbolic duel. Two guitar players challenge each other in song by asking a riddle-like question and/or answering the opponent's questions. This is performed through several successive rounds of witty exchanges which may include banter and even
454:
says that "we can probably say that riddling is a universal art" and cites riddles from hundreds of different cultures including
Finnish, Hungarian, American Indian, Chinese, Russian, Dutch and Filipino sources amongst many others. Many riddles and riddle-themes are internationally widespread.
2012:
In many cultures or contexts, people are not actually expected to guess the answers to riddles: they may be told by the riddler, or learn riddles and their answers together as they grow up. Thus riddle-contests are not the only or even necessarily the main forum for the expression of riddles.
941:
The riddle was at times a prominent literary form in the ancient and medieval world, and so riddles are extensively, if patchily, attested in our written records from these periods. More recently, riddles have been collected from oral tradition by scholars in many parts of the world.
555:
in 1963. Georges and Dundes suggested that "a riddle is a traditional verbal expression which contains one or more descriptive elements, a pair of which may be in opposition; the referent of the elements is to be guessed". There are many possible sub-sets of the riddle, including
2189:
who is personally compelled to supply clues about his upcoming crimes to his enemies in the form of riddles and puzzles. Stereotypically, they are these kinds of simple children's riddles, but modern treatments generally prefer to have the character use more sophisticated
1182:
In both Arabic and
Persian, riddles seem to have become increasingly scholarly in style over time, increasingly emphasising riddles and puzzles in which the interpreter has to resolve clues to letters and numbers to put together the word which is the riddle's solution.
1391:). They are noted for providing perspectives on the world which give voice to actors which tend not to appear in Old English poetry, ranging from female slaves to animals and plants, and they often subvert the conventions of Old English heroic and religious poetry.
2075:
whereby riddles have been preserved for posterity. Such contests are a subset of wisdom contests more generally. They tend to fall into two groups: testing the wisdom of a king or other aristocrat; and testing the suitability of a suitor. Correspondingly, the
1634:(including the modern Finland, Estonia, and parts of Western Russia) is fairly unitary, though eastern Finnish-speaking regions show particular influence of Russian Orthodox Christianity and Slavonic riddle culture. The Finnish for "riddle" is
1582:
Few riddles are attested in medieval Celtic languages, though this depends on how narrowly a riddle is defined; some early medieval Welsh and Irish juridical texts have been read as being riddles. One undisputed riddle is attested in medieval
1918:
Riddles in the
Americas are of particular interest to scholarship because it was long thought that native American cultures had no autochthonous riddle traditions (as opposed to riddles inspired by European culture, as with the twenty-two
2169:, the ka-tet must riddle against Blaine the Mono in order to save their lives. At first Blaine can answer all riddles posed to him by the ka-tet easily, but then Eddie Dean, one of the ka-tet, gains the upper hand when he starts to ask
1271:
is a key witness to the linguistic transition from Latin to
Romance, but riddles are otherwise rare in medieval romance languages. However, in the early modern period, printed riddle collections were published in French, including the
634:
Many riddles appear in similar form across many countries, and often continents. Borrowing of riddles happens both on a local scale, and across great distances. Kofi Dorvlo gives an example of a riddle that has been borrowed from the
1128:
In the medieval period, however, verse riddles, alongside other puzzles and conundra, became a significant literary form in the Arabic-speaking world, and accordingly in
Islamic Persian culture and in Hebrew â particularly in
1076:
As of the 1970s, folklorists had not undertaken extensive collecting of riddles in India, but riddling was known to be thriving as a form of folk-literature, sometimes in verse. Riddles have also been collected in Tamil.
1602:
The earliest riddles attested in Irish are generally held to be found in a short collection from the fifteenth-century Book of Fermoy. However, other forms of wisdom contest do occur in Irish literature, such as
1905:. He argues for recognition of the importance of the riddling act, not merely gathering and studying lists of riddles. Grivas Muchineripi Kayange has seen African riddles as a window into African philosophy.
1137:, there is a natural overlap in style and approach between poetry generally and riddles specifically; literary riddles are therefore often a subset of the descriptive poetic form known in both traditions as
1254:, a collection of Latin riddles clearly modelled on Symphosius, were composed in the early seventh century by an unknown author, perhaps in northern Italy. Symphosius's collection also inspired a number of
933:
1498:
Riddles continued to flourish until recently as an oral form of entertainment, however; the seminal collection of
Anglophone riddles from the early modern period through to the twentieth century is
1695:
The Chinese riddle-tradition makes much use of visual puns on Chinese characters. One example is the riddle "ć é äŒ ć é"; these characters respectively mean 'thousand kilometre meet thousand gold'.
1367:. Aldhelm was followed by a number of other Anglo-Saxons writing riddles in Latin. This prestigious literary heritage contextualises the survival of nearly one hundred riddles in the tenth-century
734:, from around 1500â1000 BCE, describes a 'twelve-spoked wheel, upon which stand 720 sons of one birth' (i.e. the twelve months of the year, which together supposedly have 360 days and 360 nights).
575:. For example, the Russian phrase "Nothing hurts it, but it groans all the time" can be deployed as a proverb (when its referent is a hypochondriac) or as a riddle (when its referent is a pig).
955:
weaving shuttle?); "who becomes pregnant without conceiving, who becomes fat without eating?" (a raincloud?). These may be riddles from oral tradition that a teacher has put into a schoolbook.
1395:
Scandinavia. Riddles were evidently hugely popular in Germany: a recent research project uncovered more than 100,000 early modern German riddles, with the most important collection being that
2119:, although Bilbo asked more of a simple question than a riddle, by attempting to answer it rather than challenging it Gollum accepted it as a riddle; by accepting it, his loss was binding.
1223:, the philosopher stated that "good riddles do, in general, provide us with satisfactory metaphors: for metaphors imply riddles, and therefore a good riddle can furnish a good metaphor."
1209:. Oracles were also represented as speaking in often riddlic language. However, the first significant corpus of Greek riddles survives in an anthology of earlier material known as the
1763:
In the twentieth century, thousands of riddles and similar enigmas have been collected, capitalising on the large number of homophones in Chinese. Examples of folk-riddles include:
713:
Here, the oxen are the scribe's finger(s) and thumb, and the plough is the pen. Among literary riddles, riddles on the pen and other writing equipment are particularly widespread.
4726:
3990:, ed. by Leea Virtanen, Annikki Kaivola-BregenhĂžj and Aarre Nyman, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Toimituksia, 329 (: Suomen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1977), pp. 77â89 (at 80â82).
1159:(920â990), credited with transposing Arabic metres into Hebrew, composed a number of riddles, mostly apparently inspired by folk-riddles. Other Hebrew-writing exponents included
1311:
539:
Defining riddles precisely is hard and has attracted a fair amount of scholarly debate. The first major modern attempt to define the riddle in modern Western scholarship was by
583:
Much academic research on riddles has focused on collecting, cataloguing, defining, and typologising riddles. Key work on cataloguing and typologising riddles was published by
4002:, ed. and trans. by Matti Kuusi, Keith Bosley and Michael Branch, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran toimituksia, 329 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 1977), pp. 33â34.
1931:). If so, this would have suggested that riddles are not a universal art form. However, Hieronymus Lalemant gave a fairly detailed account of a riddle-contest among the
1442:
That is, "the snow (featherless bird) lies on a bare tree in winter (leafless tree), and the sun (speechless maiden) causes the snow to melt (ate the featherless bird)".
3974:, ed. by Leea Virtanen, Annikki Kaivola-BregenhĂžj and Aarre Nyman, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Toimituksia, 329 (: Suomen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1977), pp. 51â57.
1234:, into the fifteenth century, along with a neo-Byzantine revival in around the early eighteenth century. There was a particular peak around the long twelfth century.
1205:
Riddles are known to have been popular in Greece in Hellenistic times, and possibly before; they were prominent among the entertainments and challenges presented at
4544:
Isbell, Billie Jean; Roncalla Fernandez, Fredy Amilcar, "The Ontogenesis of Metaphor: Riddle Games among Quechua Speakers Seen as Cognitive Discovery Procedures",
1756:(618â907). In this tradition, the answer to the riddle is to be established through years of meditation, informed by Zen thought, as part of a process of seeking
3289:
The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day
2693:
Helen Price, âHuman and NonHuman in Anglo-Saxon and British Postwar Poetry: Reshaping Literary Ecologyâ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds, 2013).
1274:
937:
Attic red-figure pelike, Oedipus solves the riddle of the Sphinx and frees Thebes, by the Achilleus painter, 450â440 BC, Altes Museum Berlin (13718779634)
548:
1710:
The second stage of solving the riddle is visual: combining the radical "é©Ź" (horse) with the radical "ć„ł" (daughter) produces the character "ćŠ" (mother).
1288:
1258:
who wrote in Latin. They remained influential in medieval Castilian tradition, being the basis for the second set of riddles in the thirteenth-century
1176:
1705:
Meanwhile, because "a daughter is very important in the family", in Chinese culture it is possible to resolve "ć é" (thousand gold) as "ć„ł" (daughter).
2995:, Vishveshvaranand Indological Series, 67/Vishveshvaranand Institute Publications, 632 (Hoshiarpur: Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute, 1975).
1702:
In Chinese culture, "it is said that a good horse can run thousands of kilometers per day", so "ć é" (thousand kilometer) is resolved as "é©Ź" (horse).
1481:
1125:
contains a long section of proverbial wisdom that in some versions also contains riddles. Otherwise, riddles are sparse in ancient Semitic writing.
2605:
3842:, ed. by Josoph Falaky Nagy and Leslie Ellen Jones (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2005), pp. 336-43; Robin Chapman Stacey, 'Speaking in Riddles', in
1960:
in South America. Thus, while data remains rather thin, it seems clear that riddling did exist in the Americas independently of European culture.
3945:, University of California Publications in Modern Philology, 26 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1942); Vernam Hull and Archer Taylor,
1574:
and five are pronounced similarly to the English words "Cat" and "Sank", hence the pun being the cat sank while also counting to five in French.
2001:, a contest of wit and skill in which players take turns asking riddles. The player that cannot answer loses. Riddle games occur frequently in
1944:
Accordingly, during the twentieth century, progressively more substantial collections of Native American riddles were made, including from the
643:: "This woman has not been to the riverside for water, but there is water in her tank". The answer is "a coconut". On a much wider scale, the
2947:
591:. In the case of ancient riddles recorded without solutions, considerable scholarly energy also goes into proposing and debating solutions.
1542:, as in "Why is six afraid of seven?" "Because seven eight nine (eight can be replaced with ate)." These riddles are now mostly children's
3564:, ed. by Alan D. Deyermond (TĂĄmesis, 1976), pp. 31â43, cited by Harriet Goldberg, "Riddles and Enigmas in Medieval Castilian Literature",
4688:
4626:, ed. by Jan Kwapzt, David Petrain, and Mikolaj Szymanski, BeitrĂ€ge zur Altertumskunde (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), pp. 184â95 (p. 184).
3006:
Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-philologischen und historischen Classe der Köngl. bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu MĂŒnchen
1219:, working in the tenth century CE. Most surviving ancient Greek riddles are in verse. In the second chapter of Book III of Aristotle's
1940:
signifies "glass bead", this is a clue to divine what he desiresânamely, some kind of beads of this material, and of different colors.
3530:
Rebcca R. Benefiel, "Magic Squares, Alphabet Jumbles, Riddles and More: The Culture of Word-Games among the Graffiti of Pompeii", in
2077:
3846:, ed. by Próinséas Nà Chathåin (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2002), pp. 243-48; Fergus Kelly, 'An Old-Irish Text on Court Procedure',
2368:; cf. Hannah Burrows, "Wit and Wisdom: The Worldview of the Old Norse-Icelandic Riddles and their Relationship to Eddic Poetry", in
990:
can be understood to comprise a series of riddles or enigmas which are now obscure but may have been an enigmatic exposition of the
3607:, ed. by Brian Murdoch, Camden House History of German Literature, 2 (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2004), pp. 157â200 (pp. 181â82).
828:
The conceit here is that Two-legs is a person, Three-legs is a three-legged stool, Four-legs is a dog, and One-leg is a ham hock.
606:; meanwhile, the twenty-first century has seen the rise of extensive work on medieval European riddles from the point of view of
3475:
1591:
probably inspired by Latin riddles on the same theme. However, this record is supplemented by Latin material, apparently from a
3678:
Burrows, Hannah, "Wit and Wisdom: The Worldview of the Old Norse-Icelandic Riddles and their Relationship to Eddic Poetry", in
670:
is 'White field, black seeds', where the field is a page and the seeds are letters. An example is the eighth- or ninth-century
2111:
to a riddle competition for his life. Bilbo breaks "the ancient rules" of the game but is able to escape with Gollum's magic
4330:
4297:
2673:
3949:, University of California Publications: Folklore Studies, 6 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1955; Thomas Parry,
3356:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1948), pp. 33â35, citing Nehemya Aluny, "Ten Dunash Ben Labrat's Riddles",
2963:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1948), pp. 12â13, citing M. Jaeger, "Assyrische RĂ€thsel und Sprichwörter",
4071:
Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Austin, Texas, November 1â5, 2016
3547:, ed. by Carl Lindahl, John McNamara and John Lindow, 2 vols (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2000), II 824â32 (pp. 826â27).
2891:, 3 vols, Folklore Fellows Communications, 26â28 (Helsinki/Hamina: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1918â20), II 24â59 (p. 24).
2165:
2159:
2066:
2878:, 3 vols, Folklore Fellows Communications, 26â28 (Helsinki/Hamina: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1918â20), II 3â23 (p. 12).
5084:
4778:
2914:
979:
3829:, ed. by Carl Lindahl, John McNamara and John Lindow, 2 vols (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2000), II 824-32 (p. 829).
3581:, ed. by Carl Lindahl, John McNamara and John Lindow, 2 vols (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2000), II 824-32 (p. 830).
1523:
399:
2904:, 3 vols, Folklore Fellows Communications, 26â28 (Helsinki/Hamina: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1918â20), II 60â172.
1375:
verse. The riddles in this book vary in subject matter from ribald innuendo to theological sophistication. Three,
2931:, 3 vols, Folklore Fellows Communications, 26â28 (Helsinki/Hamina: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1918â20), III 3â48.
2844:, 3 vols, Folklore Fellows Communications, 26â28 (Helsinki/Hamina: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1918â20), I 74â178.
3658:, "Changing Style and Changing Meaning: Icelandic Historiography and the Medieval Redactions of HeiĂ°reks saga",
2784:, 3 vols, Folklore Fellows Communications, 26â28 (Helsinki/Hamina: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1918â20), I 35â73.
594:
Whereas previously researchers had tended to take riddles out of their social performance contexts, the rise of
5090:
4069:
Chuanqi Tan, Furu Wei, Li Dong, Weifeng Lv, and Ming Zhou, "Solving and Generating Chinese Character Riddles",
1558:
There were two cats, 1 2 3 cat and un deux trois cat, they had a swimming race from England to France. Who won?
3682:, ed. by Martin Chase (New York: Fordham University Press, 2014), 114â35; Hannah Burrows, "Enigma Variations:
2215:
1983:
insultsâtypically with a humorous intent. The most famous literary example of counterpoint payada comes from
1399:, first published around 1500 and many times reprinted. This is one of the most famous riddles of that time:
1143:. Riddles are attested in anthologies of poetry and in prosimetrical portrayals of riddle-contests in Arabic
610:, exploring how riddles can inform us about people's conceptualisation and exploration of their environment.
3534:, ed. by Jan Kwapzt, David Petrain, and Mikolaj Szymanski (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), pp. 65â79 (pp. 72â75).
2016:
The unsolvable riddle with which literary characters often win a riddle-contest is sometimes referred to as
1344:
propounds around 37 riddles (depending on the manuscript). These riddles do, however, provide insights into
654:
Key examples of internationally widespread riddles follow, based on the classic (European-focused) study by
837:
3452:, ed. by Jan Kwapzt, David Petrain, and Mikolaj Szymanski (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), pp. 148â67 (p. 148).
3409:, ed. by Jan Kwapzt, David Petrain, and Mikolaj Szymanski (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), pp. 121â47 (p. 140).
1692:
Literary riddles in China first begin to be attested in significant numbers around the second century CE.
1336:
2948:
http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/IcelOnline/IcelOnline-idx?type=HTML&rgn=DIV2&byte=187436
1326:, but, while certainly cryptic, they are not necessarily riddles in a strict sense. About 150 survive in
3465:, ed. by Jan Kwapzt, David Petrain, and Mikolaj Szymanski (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), pp. 83â99 (p. 84).
3004:
Martin Haug, "Vedische RĂ€thselfragen und RĂ€thselsprĂŒche (Uebersetzung und ErklĂ€rung von Rigv. 1, 164)",
1463:
After the early Middle Ages, the riddle was seldom used as a literary form in English. Tellingly, while
5079:
3076:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1948), pp. 16â17, citing A. FĂŒhrer, "Sanskrit-RĂ€thsel",
3017:
Jan E. M. Houben, "The Ritual Pragmatics of a Vedic Hymn: The 'Riddle Hymn' and the Pravargya Ritual",
2525:, 3 vols, Folklore Fellows Communications, 26â28 (Helsinki/Hamina: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1918â20).
366:
351:
1616:
Even research on the post-medieval Celtic-speaking world has yielded a "comparatively meagre corpus".
1757:
1246:. The pre-eminent collection of ancient Latin riddles is a collection of 100 hexametrical riddles by
497:
4992:
3720:
Die skandinavischen RĂ€tselbĂŒcher auf der Grundlage der deutschen RĂ€tselbuch-Traditionen (1540â1805)
2043:
Elaborate and unusual riddle-games took place in the culture of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century
1519:
1511:
459:
356:
256:
3732:
Strassburger RĂ€thselbuch: Die erste zu Strassburg ums Jahr 1505 gedruckte deutsche RĂ€thselsammlung
1924:
169:
4060:, ed. by Galit Hasan-Rokem and David Shulman (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 225â36.
3646:, Sammlung Metzler, 53. RealienbĂŒcher fĂŒr Germanisten. Abt. E: Poetik (Stuttgart: Metzler, 1966).
3426:, ed. by Jan Kwapzt, David Petrain, and Mikolaj Szymanski (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), pp. 121â47.
2942:
1062:
904:
840:, to which the pre-eminent solution is 'cow' is given here in thirteenth-century Icelandic form:
781:
The riddle describes a crawling baby, a standing person, and an old person with a walking stick.
504:
493:
448:, which are questions relying for their effects on punning in either the question or the answer.
20:
3706:
3439:, ed. by Jan Kwapzt, David Petrain, and Mikolaj Szymanski (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), pp. 83â99.
2138:, Will and Bran must win a riddle game in order for Bran to claim his heritage as the Pendragon.
2080:
catalogue two main folktale-types including riddle-contests: AT 927, Outriddling the Judge, and
4771:
1445:
Likewise, early modern English-speakers published printed riddle collections, such as the 1598
1323:
1305:
151:
118:
5106:
4443:, Studia Fennica, Folkloristica, 10 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2001), pp. 35â36;
4167:
3133:, Studia Fennica, Folkloristica, 10 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2001), pp. 11â12;
2225:
2205:
1609:
1388:
1384:
1376:
392:
371:
281:
123:
3594:, Hermaea germanistische Forschungen, neue Folge, 69 (TĂŒbingen: Niemeyer, 1994), pp. 158â74.
1061:
The first riddle collection in a medieval Indic language is traditionally thought to be the
5111:
2142:
1587:, an elaborate text entitled 'Canu y Gwynt' ('song of the wind') in the fourteenth-century
1216:
1133:. Since early Arabic and Persian poetry often features rich, metaphorical description, and
964:
743:
644:
4731:
3618:
The Reception of Hervarar saga ok HeiĂ°reks from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century
511:, literally meaning 'thing to be guessed, thing to be interpreted'. From this comes Dutch
8:
4817:
3461:
Christine Luz, "What has it got in its Pocketses? Or, What Makes a Riddle a Riddle?", in
3435:
Christine Luz, "What has it got in its Pocketses? Or, What Makes a Riddle a Riddle?", in
1945:
1895:
1773:
When you use it you throw it away, and when you do not use it you bring it back. (Anchor)
1767:
There is a small vessel filled with sauce, one vessel holding two different kinds. (Egg)
1592:
1527:
1492:
1301:
1255:
1066:
224:
146:
4179:
SEALSXII: papers from the 13th meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (2003)
3317:, ed. by Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, 2 vols (London: Routledge, 1998), II 479.
2828:
Human and NonHuman in Anglo-Saxon and British Postwar Poetry: Reshaping Literary Ecology
602:
Riddles have also attracted linguists, often studying riddles from the point of view of
4954:
4944:
4839:
4682:
4606:
4528:
4507:
4486:
4465:
4422:
4376:
4355:
4265:
4236:
4207:
4136:
4087:
4040:
3907:
3702:
3663:
3369:
3260:
3181:
3107:
3030:
2991:
2858:
2809:
2648:
2573:
2463:
2430:
2361:
2134:
1485:
1363:(c. 639â709), written in Latin and inspired by the fourth- or fifth-century Latin poet
1356:
1327:
1172:
1100:
618:
361:
141:
35:
4743:
2372:, ed. by Martin Chase (New York: Fordham University Press, 2014), pp. 114â35 (p. 116).
1599:: in a twelfth-century text, Lailoken poses three riddles to his captor King Meldred.
5116:
4764:
4414:
4326:
4293:
3840:
Heroic Poets and Poetic Heroes in Celtic Tradition: A Festschrift for Patrick K. Ford
3698:
3479:
2669:
2331:
2255:
2235:
1809:
1664:
1489:
1260:
1186:
Riddles have been collected by modern scholars throughout the Arabic-speaking world.
1156:
1090:
247:
132:
113:
108:
3941:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 115. Cf. Vernam Hull and Archer Taylor,
2582:
994:. These riddles overlap in significant part with a collection of forty-seven in the
5144:
5074:
4598:
4549:
4444:
4406:
4334:
4285:
4257:
4228:
4199:
4115:
4019:
3899:
3752:
3694:
3513:
3361:
3252:
3173:
3134:
3099:
3022:
2801:
2706:, Medieval European Studies, 17 (Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2015).
2704:
Isidorean Perceptions of Order: The Exeter Book Riddles and Medieval Latin Enigmata
2677:
2640:
2587:
2565:
2455:
2422:
2417:
Georges, Robert A.; Dundes, Alan. "Towards a Structural Definition of the Riddle",
2353:
2323:
2250:
2240:
2230:
2210:
2094:
2044:
1949:
1928:
1828:
1728:
1718:
1631:
1625:
1588:
1515:
1094:
1086:
648:
385:
310:
305:
90:
26:
3808:
3756:
2586:, Studia Fennica, Folkloristica, 10 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2001),
2048:
1984:
1613:, first attested in the fifteenth century, at least one riddle is arguably posed.
1495:
once wrote "All is a riddle, and the key to a riddle ... is another riddle".
1070:
5002:
4939:
4867:
4721:
3827:
Medieval Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Customs
3579:
Medieval Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Customs
3545:
Medieval Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Customs
2606:"Into the Darkness First: Neoplatonism And Neurosis In Old English Wisdom Poetry"
2245:
2220:
1882:
1717:
The posing and solving of riddles has long been an important part of the Chinese
1535:
1473:
1345:
1319:
1283:
1268:
1211:
1200:
1164:
1121:
671:
320:
4696:
3633:, Hermea: Germanistische Forschungen, Neue Folge, 69 (TĂŒbingen: Niemeyer, 1994).
3620:, MĂŒnchner Nordistische Studien, 14 (MĂŒnchen: Herbert Utz Verlag, 2013), p. 198.
1968:
Riddles are found extensively in the settler-colonial cultures of the Americas.
1314:
The Exeter Book: the principal manuscript of medieval Germanic-language riddles.
1099:
While riddles are not numerous in the Bible, they are present, most famously in
969:
It is thought that the world's earliest surviving poetic riddles survive in the
5017:
4862:
4854:
4323:
Meaning and Truth in African Philosophy: Doing African Philosophy with Language
4252:
Hamnett, Ian, "Ambiguity, Classification and Change: the Function of Riddles",
4023:
2029:
1957:
1932:
1584:
1477:
1464:
1231:
1215:, which contains about 50 verse riddles, probably put into its present form by
1160:
1104:
1045:
1026:
667:
640:
195:
4371:
Cf. Wolfgang Mieder, "Proverbs of the Native Americans; A Prize Competition",
4338:
3517:
2681:
1721:. China also contributed a distinctive kind of riddle known in English as the
1681:(ćș, "base", the answer component). Ancient Chinese terms for 'riddle' include
1553:
Some riddles are composed of foreign words and play on similar sounds, as in:
417:
57:
5138:
4964:
4922:
4879:
4716:
4677:
4418:
3217:
2398:
2335:
2275:
2124:
2108:
1998:
1953:
1894:
recent monograph study. Wambi Cornelius Gulere wrote his doctoral project at
1714:
Thus the answer to "thousand kilometres meet thousand gold" is "ćŠ" (mother).
1607:, first attested in twelfth-century manuscripts, and in one such contest, in
1507:
1499:
1469:
1251:
1025:
Accordingly, riddles are treated in early studies of Sanskrit poetry such as
623:
607:
588:
544:
540:
451:
444:
language that require ingenuity and careful thinking for their solution, and
200:
179:
76:
4756:
3387:
Persian and Arabic Riddles: A Language-Centered Approach to Genre Definition
3154:, A History of Indian Literature, 8 (Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden, 1975), p. 129.
2853:
Frederick Tupper, Jr, "Originals and Analogues of the Exeter Book Riddles",
1770:
Washing makes it more and more dirty; it is cleaner without washing. (Water)
1038:
Early narrative literature also sometimes includes riddles, prominently the
5096:
5038:
4969:
4844:
4622:
Erin Sebo, "In scirpo nodum: Symphosius' Reworking of the Riddle Form", in
4177:. In Iwasaki, Soichi; Simpaon, Andrew; Adams, Karen; Sidwell, Paul (eds.).
2154:
2129:
1869:
1791:
1753:
1352:
1168:
1145:
1055:
1022:'s first teacher and counselor and a man noted for his outbursts of rage'.
895:
The cow has four teats, four legs, two horns, two back legs, and one tail.
636:
595:
290:
174:
99:
4638:, ed. by Marjorie Dundas (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2002).
4441:
Riddles: Perspectives on the Use, Function, and Change in a Folklore Genre
4289:
3397:
3395:
3131:
Riddles: Perspectives on the Use, Function, and Change in a Folklore Genre
2583:
Riddles: Perspectives on the Use, Function, and Change in a Folklore Genre
1330:, mostly quoted in other literary contexts. Likewise, riddles are rare in
466:
riddles, but with an insight that has been taken up more widely), whereas
5053:
4909:
4802:
3680:
Eddic, Skaldic, and Beyond: Poetic Variety in Medieval Iceland and Norway
3655:
2992:
Indian Riddles: A Forgotten Chapter in the History of Sanskrit Literature
2796:
Luke Powers, "Tests for True Wit: Jonathan Swift's Pen and Ink Riddles",
2370:
Eddic, Skaldic, and Beyond: Poetic Variety in Medieval Iceland and Norway
2270:
2260:
2186:
2170:
2072:
2017:
1979:
1783:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1040:
1031:
1015:
995:
722:
655:
627:
584:
565:
552:
520:
300:
190:
156:
4490:
3911:
3667:
3291:, ed. by Isidore Singer (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1901â1907), s.v.
3240:
2382:
1348:, medieval Scandinavian social norms, and rarely attested poetic forms.
651:, possibly carried there by Western contacts in the last two centuries.
5123:
5048:
5007:
4997:
4927:
4917:
4829:
4812:
4380:
4325:, Philosophical Studies Series, 135 (Cham: Springer, 2018), pp. 73â88;
4269:
4140:
4091:
4044:
3722:(Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2010) (PhD thesis, MĂŒnster University, 2004).
3392:
3373:
3264:
2862:
2827:
2813:
2182:
2099:
2032:, riddle-competitions were popular as an intellectual entertainment at
1364:
1341:
1247:
1130:
325:
265:
210:
4610:
4426:
4394:
4240:
4211:
4104:
3689:
s Wave-Riddles and Supernatural Women in Old Norse Poetic Tradition",
3199:
3185:
3164:
Prakash Vatuk, Ved (1969). "Amir Khusro and Indian Riddle Tradition".
3111:
3090:
Prakash Vatuk, Ved (1969). "Amir Khusro and Indian Riddle Tradition".
3034:
2652:
2577:
2492:
Umoh, S. J. 2007. "The Ibibio ProverbâRiddles and Language Pedagogy".
2467:
2434:
2365:
2311:
1819:
before saying the riddle; usually it is common to create riddles that
1650:
some of the first surviving evidence for Finnish-language literature.
5101:
5058:
5012:
4979:
4934:
4899:
4554:
4532:
4511:
4469:
4359:
4014:
Timothy Wai Keung Chan, 'A New Reading of an Early Medieval Riddle',
3903:
3783:
Puzzling the Reader: Riddles in Nineteenth-century British Literature
2831:(unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leeds, 2013), pp. 92â128.
2037:
2033:
2002:
1331:
1322:: three, very short, possible examples exist in manuscripts from the
1227:
1206:
1151:
1134:
1119:
also mentions riddles as a popular dinner pastime, while the Aramaic
991:
983:
603:
330:
233:
220:
4580:
Ghiano, Juan Carlos (1974). "El Contrapunto de Fierro y el Moreno".
4448:
4261:
3970:
Leea Virtanen, "The Collecting and Study of Riddles in Finland", in
3887:
3422:'Gods Cannot Tell Lies': Riddling and Ancient Greek Divination", in
3405:'Gods Cannot Tell Lies': Riddling and Ancient Greek Divination", in
3365:
3256:
3138:
2805:
2591:
1563:
1 2 3 Cat because Un deux trois quatre cinq (un deux trois cat sank)
925:
Here, a snowflake falls from the sky, and is blown off by the wind.
5043:
5022:
4987:
4787:
4651:, Garland Folklore Library, 7 (New York: Garland, 1993), pp. 10â11.
4602:
4410:
4232:
4203:
4119:
3928:, Garland Folklore Library, 7 (New York: Garland, 1993), pp. 36â37.
3844:
Ireland and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: Texts and Transmission
3177:
3103:
3061:
Homo Ludens: Proeve eener bepaling van het spel-element der cultuur
3026:
2668:(Stuttgart: M und P, Verlag fĂŒr Wissenschaft und Forschung, 1991):
2644:
2569:
2459:
2426:
2357:
2327:
2265:
2200:
2112:
2006:
1878:
1796:
1749:
1596:
970:
789:
This type includes riddles along the lines of this German example:
730:
726:
561:
557:
441:
437:
421:
4702:
2051:
observed customary riddle-contests in nineteenth-century Finland:
1530:" (Child 47). Contemporary English-language riddles typically use
4884:
4834:
4571:. Ed. Centro de DocumentaciĂłn Musical de AndalucĂa, 1992, pĂĄg. 27
4056:
Andrew H. Plaks, 'Riddle and Enigma in Chinese Civilization', in
3328:
Courtly Riddles: Enigmatic Embellishments in Early Persian Poetry
2978:
Courtly Riddles: Enigmatic Embellishments in Early Persian Poetry
2767:
p. 266. Davenport, William. 1952. Fourteen Marshallese Riddles.
2624:
Courtly Riddles: Enigmatic Embellishments in Early Persian Poetry
2551:(University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011).
1808:
as a form of past time or as an activity. One peculiarity of the
1360:
1243:
1108:
974:
951:
572:
463:
315:
295:
161:
4624:
The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry
4310:
Riddle Performance and Societal Discourses: Lessons from Busoga.
3532:
The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry
3463:
The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry
3450:
The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry
3437:
The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry
3424:
The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry
3407:
The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry
3343:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1948), pp. 35â37.
3304:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1948), pp. 41â42.
3050:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1948), pp. 13â17.
1723:
1673:(èŹ, literally "to bewilder"). Riddles are spoken of as having a
4959:
4894:
4824:
4737:
3982:
3980:
3863:, Garland Folklore Library, 7 (New York: Garland, 1993), p. 35.
3838:
Robin Chapman Stacey, 'Instructional Riddles in Welsh Law', in
2918:, trans. by Christopher Tolkien (London: Nelson, 1960), p. 43 .
2178:
2104:
2081:
1973:
1901:
1813:
1736:
1543:
1503:
1242:
Two Latin riddles are preserved as graffiti in the Basilica at
1116:
1112:
1050:
429:
425:
238:
49:
4681:
4194:
Elli KöngÀs Maranda, "Riddles and Riddling: An Introduction",
4073:(Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016), pp. 846â55.
4000:
Finnish Folk Poetry: Epic. An Anthology in Finnish and English
3809:"IX. Illusions. Ralph Waldo Emerson. 1904. The Complete Works"
2730:
Nonhuman Voices in Anglo-Saxon Literature and Material Culture
2635:
Elli KöngÀs Maranda, "Riddles and Riddling: An Introduction",
2348:
Elli KöngÀs Maranda, "Riddles and Riddling: An Introduction",
1310:
4807:
4523:
Charles T. Scott, "New Evidence of American Indian Riddles",
2509:, ed. by Richard Dorson (The Hague: Mouton, 1975), pp. 103â8.
1920:
1820:
1506:
collected from oral tradition. Some of those included in the
1502:'s. Riddles are, for example, prominent in some early-modern
999:
950:
According to Archer Taylor, "the oldest recorded riddles are
503:, which meant 'to interpret, guess'. From this verb came the
4154:
Riddles in Philippine Folklore: An Anthropological Analysis.
3977:
2060:
1782:
Quite similar to its English counterpart, the riddle in the
1677:(éą, "surface", the question component of the riddle), and a
1250:
which were influential on later medieval Latin writers. The
4949:
4874:
3745:
Simpliciana: Schriften der Grimmelshausen Gesellschaft 2014
3251:(1). Nanzan Institute for Religion & Culture: 125â149.
2560:
E.g. David Evans, "Riddling and the Structure of Context",
1547:
1539:
1538:
for humorous effect, rather than to puzzle the butt of the
1139:
1019:
818:
Then Two-legs took Three-legs and with it struck Four-legs,
467:
206:
4748:
3241:"A Collection of Jaffna Tamil Riddles from Oral Tradition"
571:
In some traditions and contexts, riddles may overlap with
1900:
Riddle Performance and Societal Discourses: Lessons from
1746:
1531:
1103:
in Judges xiv.14, but also in I Kings 10:1â13 (where the
4393:
Noguera, Eduardo Guadalupe; Pauer, Paul Siliceo (1918).
3603:
Christopher Wells, "The Shorter German Verse Texts", in
3448:
Jan Kwapisz, "Were there Hellenistic Riddle Books?", in
3021:, 120 (2000), 499â536 (English translation pp. 533â36),
2538:, Folklore Fellows Communications, 126 (Helsinki, 1939).
907:
is best known in Central Europe. An English version is:
543:
in 1899, with another seminal contribution, inspired by
3772:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948), p. 2.
3078:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenlÀndischen Gesellschaft
2610:
Darkness, Depression and Descent in Anglo-Saxon England
2173:, effectively frustrating Blaine's highly logical mind.
2071:
In older texts, riddle-contests frequently provide the
1278:(printed in Bruges by Colard Mansion around 1479); and
1264:, posed by Apolonio's daughter Tarsiana to her father.
4708:
4464:, 57 (no. 223) (JanuaryâMarch, 1944), 1â15 (pp. 2â3).
4354:, 57 (no. 223) (JanuaryâMarch, 1944), 1â15 (pp. 1â2).
4058:
Untying the Knot: On Riddles and Other Enigmatic Modes
2494:
International Journal of Linguistics and Communication
2450:
John C. Messenger, Jr. 1960. "Anang Proverb-Riddles".
784:
725:
is found across Eurasia. For example, a riddle in the
3283:
3281:
3152:
Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to IqbÄl
1669:
In modern Chinese, the standard word for 'riddle' is
626:
stamp depicting a traditional Faroese version of the
4711:â A collection of riddles with answers for all ages.
4131:
Richard C. Rudolph, "Notes on the Riddle in China",
4082:
Richard C. Rudolph, "Notes on the Riddle in China",
4035:
Richard C. Rudolph, "Notes on the Riddle in China",
3876:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 114â15.
3562:
Medieval Hispanic Studies Presented to Rita Hamilton
2946:(Kaupmannahöfn: HiĂ° Ăslenzka bĂłkmenntafĂ©lag, 1887),
2413:
2411:
803:
Da nahm Zweibein Dreibein und schlug damit Vierbein,
2505:Alan Dundes, "On the Structure of the Proverb", in
816:
Then Four-legs came and took One-leg from Two-legs.
4649:Turandot's Sisters: A Study of the Folktale AT 851
4135:, 1.1 (Jan. 1942), pp. 65â82 (quoting pp. 74â75).
3926:Turandot's Sisters: A Study of the Folktale AT 851
3861:Turandot's Sisters: A Study of the Folktale AT 851
3499:
3278:
3200:Some Characteristic Meters of Hindi Riddle Prosody
2389:, 3rd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
1459:And now, like a rogue, in the wide world I dwell.
1449:, which includes for example the following riddle:
1230:, from perhaps the tenth century with the work of
921:And rode away horseless to the King's white hall.
428:having a double or veiled meaning, put forth as a
4692:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). pp. 316â317.
2943:Ăslenzkar gĂĄtur, skemtanir, vikivakar og Ăulur, I
2408:
2401:. "Neue Beitrëge zur Kenntnis des VolksrÀtsels",
2300:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951).
1699:The first stage of solving the riddle is verbal:
1570:This plays on the fact that the French words for
5136:
3986:Leea Virtanen, "On the Function of Riddles", in
2732:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2017).
1048:, a series of riddles posed by a nature-spirit (
16:Statement with a double meaning used as a puzzle
3691:JEGP: Journal of English and Germanic Philology
2626:(Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010), 14â18.
2604:Boryslawski, Rafal (2019). Wehlau, Ruth (ed.).
1885:, riddles are also used at funeral gatherings.
848:
831:
4527:, 76 (no. 301) (JulyâSeptember 1963), 236â41.
3642:On German riddles, see further Mathilde Hain,
3500:MilovanoviÄ-Barham, Äelica (1993). "Aldhelm's
3238:
3118:The Riddle in Indian Life, Lore and Literature
2743:In Enigmate: The History of a Riddle, 400â1500
2312:"Riddles, Cultural Categories, and World View"
1295:
928:
801:Da kam Vierbein und nahm Zweibein das Einbein.
754:
4786:
4772:
4699:â A mix of both original and classic riddles.
4190:
4188:
4172:riddle game used at Pendau memorial services"
3163:
3089:
2517:
2515:
2084:, The Princess Who Can Not Solve the Riddle.
1913:
1843:
1351:By contrast, verse riddles were prominent in
1080:
682:
393:
4506:, 57 (no. 223) (JanuaryâMarch, 1944), 1â15.
4392:
3939:Irish Influence on Medieval Welsh Literature
3874:Irish Influence on Medieval Welsh Literature
3798:(Dallas: University Press of America, 2004).
2980:(Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010), 14.
2717:The Natural World in the Exeter Book Riddles
1619:
1595:cultural background in North Britain, about
1577:
1407:
797:
742:The most famous example of this type is the
527:, the latter of which became modern English
436:, which are problems generally expressed in
34:, depicting Samson (right of centre) posing
2754:Dorvlo, Kofi. "Ewe borrowings into Logba."
2666:Die Sprach- und Erkenntnisformen der RĂ€tsel
2603:
2483:. The Saylor Foundation, 1982. p. 418.
1630:The corpus of traditional riddles from the
1455:Then long and slender, as brave as an earl;
1371:, one of the main surviving collections of
814:Two-legs sat on Three-legs and ate One-leg.
799:Zweibein sass auf Dreibein und ass Einbein.
746:. This Estonian example shows the pattern:
474:
4779:
4765:
4502:Archer Taylor, "American Indian Riddles",
4481:J. Jetté, "Riddles of the Ten'a Indians",
4460:Archer Taylor, "American Indian Riddles",
4350:Archer Taylor, "American Indian Riddles",
4185:
4114:, 80, no. 315 (JanuaryâMarch 1967), 81-88
4039:, 1.1 (Jan. 1942), pp. 65â82 (pp. 79â81).
3605:German Literature of the Early Middle Ages
3476:"Aristotle's Rhetoric Book III, Chapter 2"
3220:. International Institute of Tamil Studies
3123:
2512:
2185:, one of the hero's best known enemies is
1453:First I was small, and round like a pearl;
898:
400:
386:
2792:
2790:
2719:(Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2017).
2061:In ancient, medieval, and folk literature
1935:around 1639 as part of a healing ritual.
1457:Since, like an hermit, I lived in a cell,
1280:Demandes joyeuses en maniere de quolibets
4725:) is being considered for deletion. See
4593:Lyndon Harries, "The Riddle in Africa",
4223:Lyndon Harries, "The Riddle in Africa",
4168:"Riddles of death: The structure of the
4156:Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
3734:, ed. by A. F. Butsch (StraĂburg, 1876).
3556:Doris Clark, "Tarsiana's Riddles in the
3418:Frederick G. Naerebout and Kim Beerden,
3401:Frederick G. Naerebout and Kim Beerden,
3330:(Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010).
3019:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1927:in the sixteenth century, in the famous
1856:Riddle-riddle, not a king, nor a priest,
1745:), developed as a teaching technique in
1309:
932:
617:
613:
432:to be solved. Riddles are of two types:
25:
4676:
3959:Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies
3215:
2087:
1845:Bugtong-bugtong, Hindi hari, hindi pari
1812:version is the way they start with the
1355:, following the seminal composition of
1226:Literary riddles were also composed in
5137:
4086:, 1.1 (Jan. 1942), pp. 65â82 (p. 77).
3885:
3568:, 36(2) (1982), 209â21 (p. 216 n. 22).
3209:
2857:, 18.4 (April 1903), 97â106 (p. 102).
2787:
2441:(The Hague: Mouton, 1975), pp. 95â102.
2309:
1963:
1318:Riddles survive only fragmentarily in
4760:
4705:â Collection of funny riddles online.
4664:(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).
4165:
4010:
4008:
2756:International Journal of Bilingualism
2078:AarneâThompson classification systems
1987:, Part 2, Song 30, verses 6233â6838.
1334:: almost all occur in one section of
1267:The perhaps eighth- or ninth-century
4740:â An active listing of riddle links.
4636:Riddling Tales from Around the World
3198:Alan Dundes and Ved Prakash Vatuk, '
2292:
2290:
1837:
1790:. It is traditionally used during a
1468:of twentieth-century poets, such as
1447:Riddles of Heraclitus and Democritus
1401:
1237:
842:
791:
769:It goes in the morning on four feet,
748:
676:
30:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn's 1638
2298:English Riddles from Oral Tradition
2166:The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass
2160:The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands
2067:Riddle-tales (ancient and medieval)
2036:. A key source for this culture is
1550:rather than literary compositions.
998:; riddles also appear elsewhere in
805:dass Vierbein Einbein fallen liess.
785:Two-legs, three-legs, and four-legs
13:
4597:, 84 (1971), 377â93 (pp. 387â88);
4005:
3631:Das deutsche RĂ€tsel im Mittelalter
3592:Das deutsche RĂ€tsel im Mittelalter
2639:, 89 (1976), 127â37 (pp. 135â37);
2009:as well as in popular literature.
1990:
1794:together with other games such as
1777:
1065:(1253â1325), which are written in
820:so that Four-legs let One-leg go.
14:
5156:
4729:to help reach a consensus. âș
4670:
4395:"Adivinanzas recogidas en MĂ©xico"
3360:, New Series, 36 (1945), 141â46,
3315:Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature
3313:G. J. H. van Gelder, "lughz", in
2915:The Saga of King Heidrek the Wise
2287:
1149:and in Persian epics such as the
1044:, which for example contains the
661:
4654:
4641:
4629:
4616:
4595:The Journal of American Folklore
4587:
4574:
4561:
4538:
4525:The Journal of American Folklore
4517:
4504:The Journal of American Folklore
4496:
4475:
4462:The Journal of American Folklore
4454:
4433:
4399:The Journal of American Folklore
4386:
4365:
4352:The Journal of American Folklore
4344:
4315:
4312:Makerere University: PhD thesis.
4302:
4274:
4246:
4225:The Journal of American Folklore
4217:
4196:The Journal of American Folklore
4159:
4146:
4125:
4112:The Journal of American Folklore
4105:The Nonrational Riddle: The Zen
3707:10.5406/jenglgermphil.112.2.0194
3699:10.5406/jenglgermphil.112.2.0194
3662:, 77 (2005), 1â30, at pp. 9â10.
3166:The Journal of American Folklore
3092:The Journal of American Folklore
2769:The Journal of American Folklore
2637:The Journal of American Folklore
2562:The Journal of American Folklore
2452:The Journal of American Folklore
2387:Oxford English Dictionary Online
2350:The Journal of American Folklore
2316:The Journal of American Folklore
2115:. Rather like in the Old Norse
1997:The Riddle Game is a formalized
737:
647:has also been documented in the
488:shares its origin with the word
56:
4284:(Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015),
4097:
4076:
4063:
4050:
4029:
3993:
3964:
3931:
3918:
3879:
3866:
3853:
3832:
3819:
3801:
3788:
3775:
3770:The Literary Riddle before 1600
3762:
3737:
3725:
3712:
3672:
3649:
3636:
3623:
3610:
3597:
3584:
3571:
3550:
3537:
3524:
3493:
3468:
3455:
3442:
3429:
3412:
3379:
3354:The Literary Riddle before 1600
3346:
3341:The Literary Riddle before 1600
3333:
3320:
3307:
3302:The Literary Riddle before 1600
3294:
3232:
3192:
3157:
3144:
3083:
3074:The Literary Riddle before 1600
3066:
3053:
3048:The Literary Riddle before 1600
3040:
3011:
2998:
2983:
2970:
2961:The Literary Riddle before 1600
2953:
2934:
2929:Vergleichende RĂ€tselforschungen
2921:
2907:
2902:Vergleichende RĂ€tselforschungen
2894:
2889:Vergleichende RĂ€tselforschungen
2881:
2876:Vergleichende RĂ€tselforschungen
2868:
2847:
2842:Vergleichende RĂ€tselforschungen
2834:
2819:
2782:Vergleichende RĂ€tselforschungen
2774:
2761:
2748:
2735:
2722:
2709:
2696:
2687:
2658:
2629:
2616:
2597:
2554:
2541:
2528:
2523:Vergleichende RĂ€tselforschungen
2499:
2454:Vol. 73, No. 289: pp. 225â235.
2023:
1971:One form of riddle features in
1908:
1689:(ć»), which both mean "hidden".
639:by speakers of the neighboring
5091:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
4546:Journal of Latin American Lore
4308:Wambi Cornelius Gulere. 2012.
4198:, 89 (1976), 127â37 (p. 128);
2771:Vol. 65, No. 257, pp. 265-266.
2549:Unriddling the Exteter Riddles
2486:
2473:
2444:
2392:
2375:
2352:, 89 (1976), 127â37 (p. 131);
2342:
2303:
1741:
1524:Captain Wedderburn's Courtship
1430:There came a maiden speechless
1029:'s seventh- or eighth-century
716:
534:
1:
4714:
4567:R.FernĂĄndez Manzano y otros:
4485:, 8 (1913), 181â201, 630â51.
4133:California Folklore Quarterly
4084:California Folklore Quarterly
4037:California Folklore Quarterly
3947:A Collection of Irish Riddles
3943:A Collection of Welsh Riddles
3785:(New York: Peter Lang, 2008).
3757:10.1080/01611194.2016.1236628
3743:Dominik Landwehr, "Review of
3216:Shanthi, G. (December 1993).
2580:; Annikki Kaivola-BregenhĂžj,
2281:
1605:The Colloquy of the Two Sages
1426:There came a bird featherless
958:
915:Perched upon the castle wall;
699:In front of him (he) led oxen
4375:, 48.3 (July 1989), 256â60.
4321:Grivas Muchineripi Kayange,
3988:Arvoitukset: Finnish Riddles
3972:Arvoitukset: Finnish Riddles
3287:Joseph Jacobs, "Riddle", in
2800:, 7.4 (Winter 1990), 40â52;
2745:(Dublin: Four Courts, 2018).
2437:. Reprinted in Alan Dundes,
2419:Journal of American Folklore
1991:
1653:
1434:From off the tree leafless.
1432:And ate the bird featherless
1411:saĂ auf dem Baume blattlos,
838:Four Hang; Two Point the Way
832:Four Hang; Two Point the Way
599:being relatively neglected.
479:
471:ultimately to affirm them".
7:
4439:Annikki Kaivola-BregenhĂžj,
3358:The Jewish Quarterly Review
3339:See further Archer Taylor,
3129:Annikki Kaivola-BregenhĂžj,
3063:(Haarlem, 1940), pp. 154ff.
2507:Analytic Essays in Folklore
2439:Analytic Essays in Folklore
2310:Lieber, Michael D. (1976).
2194:
1978:("counterpoint payada"), a
1415:und fraĂ den Vogel federlos
1357:one hundred and one riddles
1296:The Germanic-speaking world
929:Riddle-traditions by region
917:Up came Lord John landless,
578:
10:
5161:
5085:AarneâThompsonâUther Index
5080:Morphology (folkloristics)
4703:Funny Riddles with Answers
4584:XL:87-88, (1974): 337-352.
4282:Orature and YorĂčbĂĄ Riddles
4024:10.1163/15685322-9913p0002
3825:Andrew Welsh, "Riddle" in
3577:Andrew Welsh, "Riddle" in
3543:Andrew Welsh, "Riddle" in
2064:
1914:Native American traditions
1662:
1623:
1413:da kam die Jungfer mundlos
1409:Es kam ein Vogel federlos,
1387:) or a reed-pen or -pipe (
1299:
1198:
1084:
1081:Hebrew, Arabic and Persian
962:
945:
701:White fields (he) ploughed
462:(originally writing about
18:
5067:
5031:
4978:
4908:
4853:
4795:
4662:The Riddles of the Hobbit
4339:10.1007/978-3-030-01962-4
4256:, 2 (1967), pp. 379â391.
3518:10.1017/S0263675100004300
2965:BeitrÀge zur Assyriologie
2702:Mercedes Salvador-Bello,
2682:10.1007/978-3-476-04165-4
2536:A Bibliography of Riddles
2481:Oral Literature in Africa
2421:, 76(300) (1963), 111â18
1888:
1858:but dresses for a feast.
1732:
1620:The Finnic-speaking world
1578:The Celtic-speaking world
1428:sat on the trees leafless
1337:Hervarar saga ok HeiĂ°reks
1189:
705:A black seed (he) sowed.
492:, both stemming from the
4727:templates for discussion
4569:El trovo de la Alpujarra
3886:Stokes, Whitley (1904).
3504:and Byzantine Riddles".
2547:E.g. Patrick J. Murphy,
2045:Finnish-language riddles
1956:in Central America; and
1826:This is an example of a
1804:; later generations use
1658:
1520:King John and the Bishop
1512:Riddles Wisely Expounded
1194:
1155:. Meanwhile, in Hebrew,
860:ok jafnan heldr saurugr.
703:A white plough (he) held
484:The modern English word
475:Definitions and research
4689:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4582:Revista Iberoamericana,
3937:Patrick Sims-Williams,
3872:Patrick Sims-Williams,
3751:, 41(1) (2017), 92â96.
3718:Frauke Rademann-Veith,
3693:, 112 (2013), 194â216,
3385:E.g. Charles T. Scott,
3239:Dieter B. Kapp (1994).
1881:, Indonesia, among the
1642:), related to the verb
1417:von dem Baume blattlos.
1397:Strassburger RĂ€tselbuch
1111:'s wisdom), and in the
1063:riddles of Amir Khusrow
905:featherless bird-riddle
899:Featherless bird-riddle
849:
21:Riddle (disambiguation)
3796:The Riddle in the Poem
3245:Asian Folklore Studies
3206:, 33.1 (1974), 85-153.
3204:Asian Folklore Studies
3116:citing Durga Bhagwat,
3059:See also J. Huizinga,
2216:Oedipus and the Sphinx
2058:
1942:
1854:
1847:ang suot ay sari-sari.
1844:
1841:
1424:
1408:
1405:
1353:early medieval England
1324:Monastery of St Gallen
1315:
1306:Riddles (Scandinavian)
938:
911:White bird featherless
879:Two ward the dogs off,
877:Two point the way out,
871:
846:
812:
798:
795:
767:
755:
752:
697:
683:
680:
666:The basic form of the
631:
38:
4548:, 3:1 (1977), 19â49.
4290:10.1057/9781137502636
4227:, 84 (1971), 377â93;
4103:Charles G. Zug III, '
3781:Gregg A. Hecimovich,
2855:Modern Language Notes
2758:18.4 (2014): 428-446.
2564:, 89 (1976), 166â88;
2226:Riddles (Anglo-Saxon)
2206:Missing dollar riddle
2053:
1937:
1925:Bernardino de SahagĂșn
1923:riddles collected by
1632:Finnic-speaking world
1610:Imthecht na Tromdaime
1389:Exeter Book Riddle 60
1385:Exeter Book Riddle 27
1377:Exeter Book Riddle 35
1313:
936:
771:at lunch-time on two,
622:Tree of the year â a
621:
614:International riddles
458:In the assessment of
32:The Wedding of Samson
29:
4647:Christine Goldberg,
4280:AkĂntĂșndĂ© AkĂnyáșčmĂ,
4166:Quick, Phil (2007).
4152:Hart, Donn V. 1964.
3924:Christine Goldberg,
3859:Christine Goldberg,
3660:Scandinavian Studies
3616:Jeffrey Scott Love,
3389:(Bloomington, 1965).
3326:A. A. Seyed-Gohrab,
3150:Annemarie Schimmel,
3120:(Bombay, 1965), 5-9.
3080:, 39 (1885), 99â100.
2976:A. A. Seyeb-Gohrab,
2967:, 2 (1894), 274â305.
2798:South Central Review
2622:A. A. Seyed-Gohrab,
2143:Patricia A. McKillip
2132:'s fantasy sequence
2128:, the third book of
2088:In modern literature
1800:or the more popular
1256:Anglo-Saxon riddlers
1217:Constantine Cephalas
1014:), and the whole is
965:Riddles (South Asia)
919:Took it up handless,
773:at evening on three
756:Hommikul kÀib nelja,
744:riddle of the Sphinx
690:negro semen seminaba
688:albo versorio teneba
645:Riddle of the Sphinx
19:For other uses, see
4697:Puzzles And Riddles
4181:. pp. 203â212.
4018:, 99 (2013), 53â87
3961:, 5 (1930), 138â40.
3850:, 5 (1986), 74-106.
3506:Anglo-Saxon England
1964:Colonial traditions
1946:Alaskan Athabaskans
1896:Makerere University
1528:Proud Lady Margaret
1526:" (Child 46), and "
1493:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1340:, in which the god
1302:Anglo-Saxon riddles
1275:Adevineaux amoureux
1069:, in verse, in the
1006:), the second dog (
913:Flew from Paradise,
856:tveir hundum varĂ°a,
686:alba pratalia araba
587:in 1918â20, and by
460:Elli KöngÀs-Maranda
362:Nikoli puzzle types
44:Part of a series on
4945:Luminous gemstones
4840:Personal narrative
3815:. 11 October 2022.
2664:Claudia Schittek,
2135:The Dark is Rising
2056:participate again.
1948:(Ten'a) people in
1877:Further south, in
1486:Henrikas Radauskas
1328:Middle High German
1316:
1173:Immanuel the Roman
1010:), the third sun (
939:
887:O prince Heidrek!
885:This riddle ponder
883:Dangles behind it.
858:einn eptir drallar
760:Ôhtul kolme jalaga
632:
367:Puzzle video games
352:Impossible puzzles
248:Puzzle video games
39:
5132:
5131:
4331:978-3-030-01961-7
4298:978-1-349-69958-2
3892:The Celtic Review
3794:ĆœivilÄ Gimbutas,
3566:Romance Philology
2674:978-3-476-45007-4
2256:Riddles (Persian)
2236:Riddles (Chinese)
2147:The Riddle-Master
2028:It seems that in
1875:
1874:
1665:Riddles (Chinese)
1490:Transcendentalist
1440:
1439:
1261:Libro de Apolonio
1238:Latin and romance
1157:Dunash ben Labrat
1091:Riddles (Persian)
893:
892:
875:Four are walking,
873:Four are hanging,
862:HeiĂ°rekr konungr,
826:
825:
779:
778:
711:
710:
549:Robert A. Georges
410:
409:
271:
270:
5152:
5075:Folklore studies
4790:genres and types
4781:
4774:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4693:
4685:
4665:
4658:
4652:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4620:
4614:
4591:
4585:
4578:
4572:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4542:
4536:
4521:
4515:
4500:
4494:
4479:
4473:
4458:
4452:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4405:(122): 537â543.
4390:
4384:
4373:Western Folklore
4369:
4363:
4348:
4342:
4319:
4313:
4306:
4300:
4278:
4272:
4250:
4244:
4221:
4215:
4192:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4163:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4129:
4123:
4101:
4095:
4080:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4054:
4048:
4033:
4027:
4012:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3984:
3975:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3952:
3935:
3929:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3904:10.2307/30069786
3883:
3877:
3870:
3864:
3857:
3851:
3836:
3830:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3813:www.bartleby.com
3805:
3799:
3792:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3766:
3760:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3716:
3710:
3688:
3676:
3670:
3653:
3647:
3640:
3634:
3627:
3621:
3614:
3608:
3601:
3595:
3588:
3582:
3575:
3569:
3554:
3548:
3541:
3535:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3478:. Archived from
3472:
3466:
3459:
3453:
3446:
3440:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3399:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3350:
3344:
3337:
3331:
3324:
3318:
3311:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3213:
3207:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3172:(324): 142â54 .
3161:
3155:
3148:
3142:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3098:(324): 142â54 .
3087:
3081:
3070:
3064:
3057:
3051:
3044:
3038:
3015:
3009:
3008:(1875), 457â515.
3002:
2996:
2987:
2981:
2974:
2968:
2957:
2951:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2919:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2885:
2879:
2872:
2866:
2851:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2823:
2817:
2794:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2765:
2759:
2752:
2746:
2739:
2733:
2726:
2720:
2713:
2707:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2685:
2662:
2656:
2633:
2627:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2601:
2595:
2558:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2503:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2479:Finnegan, Ruth.
2477:
2471:
2448:
2442:
2415:
2406:
2396:
2390:
2379:
2373:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2322:(352): 255â265.
2307:
2301:
2296:Taylor, Archer,
2294:
2251:Riddles (Hebrew)
2241:Riddles (Finnic)
2231:Riddles (Arabic)
2211:Newspaper riddle
2095:J. R. R. Tolkien
1993:
1950:British Columbia
1929:Florentine codex
1849:
1838:
1743:
1734:
1719:Lantern Festival
1626:Riddles (Finnic)
1589:Book of Taliesin
1536:double entendres
1516:The Elfin Knight
1419:
1402:
1289:Demaundes Joyous
1282:, the basis for
1177:Israel Onceneyra
1095:Riddles (Hebrew)
1087:Riddles (Arabic)
992:pravargya ritual
866:
843:
807:
792:
762:
758:lÔuna-ajal kahe,
749:
692:
677:
649:Marshall Islands
402:
395:
388:
357:Maze video games
346:
311:Packing problems
306:Optical illusion
284:
73:
72:
69:
60:
41:
40:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5063:
5027:
5003:Folk instrument
4974:
4955:Old wives' tale
4940:Legend tripping
4904:
4849:
4791:
4785:
4754:
4730:
4683:"Riddles"
4673:
4668:
4659:
4655:
4646:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4621:
4617:
4592:
4588:
4579:
4575:
4566:
4562:
4553:
4543:
4539:
4522:
4518:
4501:
4497:
4480:
4476:
4459:
4455:
4449:10.21435/sff.10
4438:
4434:
4391:
4387:
4370:
4366:
4349:
4345:
4320:
4316:
4307:
4303:
4279:
4275:
4262:10.2307/2798727
4251:
4247:
4222:
4218:
4193:
4186:
4174:
4164:
4160:
4151:
4147:
4130:
4126:
4102:
4098:
4081:
4077:
4068:
4064:
4055:
4051:
4034:
4030:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3985:
3978:
3969:
3965:
3954:
3950:
3936:
3932:
3923:
3919:
3888:"Irish Riddles"
3884:
3880:
3871:
3867:
3858:
3854:
3837:
3833:
3824:
3820:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3793:
3789:
3780:
3776:
3768:Archer Taylor,
3767:
3763:
3742:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3717:
3713:
3686:
3677:
3673:
3654:
3650:
3641:
3637:
3629:Tomas Tomasek,
3628:
3624:
3615:
3611:
3602:
3598:
3590:Tomas Tomasek,
3589:
3585:
3576:
3572:
3555:
3551:
3542:
3538:
3529:
3525:
3498:
3494:
3485:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3443:
3434:
3430:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3402:
3400:
3393:
3384:
3380:
3366:10.2307/1452496
3352:Archer Taylor,
3351:
3347:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3312:
3308:
3300:Archer Taylor,
3299:
3295:
3286:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3257:10.2307/1178562
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3218:"Tamil riddles"
3214:
3210:
3197:
3193:
3162:
3158:
3149:
3145:
3139:10.21435/sff.10
3128:
3124:
3088:
3084:
3072:Archer Taylor,
3071:
3067:
3058:
3054:
3046:Archer Taylor,
3045:
3041:
3016:
3012:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2984:
2975:
2971:
2959:Archer Taylor,
2958:
2954:
2939:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2908:
2899:
2895:
2886:
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2839:
2835:
2824:
2820:
2806:10.2307/3189093
2795:
2788:
2779:
2775:
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2762:
2753:
2749:
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2727:
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2697:
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2688:
2663:
2659:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2617:
2602:
2598:
2592:10.21435/sff.10
2559:
2555:
2546:
2542:
2534:Archer Taylor,
2533:
2529:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2449:
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2416:
2409:
2397:
2393:
2380:
2376:
2347:
2343:
2308:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2246:Riddles (Greek)
2221:Rumpelstiltskin
2197:
2090:
2069:
2063:
2047:. For example,
2026:
1995:
1992:Riddle-contests
1966:
1916:
1911:
1891:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1846:
1817:Bugtong-bugtong
1780:
1778:The Philippines
1667:
1661:
1656:
1628:
1622:
1580:
1522:" (Child 45), "
1482:Rainer M. Rilke
1474:Wallace Stevens
1461:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1346:Norse mythology
1320:Old High German
1308:
1300:Main articles:
1298:
1284:Wynkyn de Worde
1269:Veronese Riddle
1240:
1212:Greek Anthology
1203:
1201:Riddles (Greek)
1197:
1192:
1165:Yehuda Alharizi
1122:Story of Ahikar
1101:Samson's riddle
1097:
1085:Main articles:
1083:
967:
961:
948:
931:
923:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
901:
889:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
868:
864:hyggĂ°u at gĂĄtu!
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
854:tveir veg vĂsa,
853:
851:
834:
822:
819:
817:
815:
809:
804:
802:
800:
787:
775:
772:
770:
764:
759:
757:
740:
719:
707:
704:
702:
700:
694:
689:
687:
685:
684:Se pareba boves
672:Veronese Riddle
664:
616:
581:
537:
494:Common Germanic
482:
477:
406:
377:
376:
347:
344:
337:
336:
335:
321:Problem solving
285:
280:
273:
272:
205:
152:Disentanglement
70:
67:
36:Samson's riddle
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5158:
5148:
5147:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5099:
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5077:
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5069:
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5061:
5056:
5051:
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5041:
5035:
5033:
5029:
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5026:
5025:
5020:
5018:Folk wrestling
5015:
5010:
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5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
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4906:
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4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4863:Folk etymology
4859:
4857:
4855:Oral tradition
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4821:
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4805:
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4797:
4793:
4792:
4784:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4761:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4744:Riddle Mastery
4741:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4678:Bradley, Henry
4672:
4671:External links
4669:
4667:
4666:
4660:Adam Roberts,
4653:
4640:
4628:
4615:
4603:10.2307/539632
4586:
4573:
4560:
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4516:
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4453:
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4411:10.2307/535060
4385:
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4343:
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4245:
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4216:
4204:10.2307/539686
4184:
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3156:
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3104:10.2307/539075
3082:
3065:
3052:
3039:
3027:10.2307/606614
3010:
2997:
2989:L. Sternbach,
2982:
2969:
2952:
2933:
2920:
2906:
2893:
2880:
2867:
2846:
2833:
2818:
2786:
2773:
2760:
2747:
2734:
2721:
2715:Corinne Dale,
2708:
2695:
2686:
2657:
2645:10.2307/539686
2628:
2615:
2596:
2570:10.2307/539688
2553:
2540:
2527:
2511:
2498:
2485:
2472:
2460:10.2307/537975
2443:
2427:10.2307/538610
2407:
2399:Petsch, Robert
2391:
2374:
2358:10.2307/539686
2341:
2328:10.2307/539692
2302:
2285:
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2280:
2279:
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2203:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2174:
2151:
2139:
2120:
2089:
2086:
2062:
2059:
2030:ancient Greece
2025:
2022:
1994:
1989:
1976:de contrapunto
1965:
1962:
1958:Quechua people
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1890:
1887:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1779:
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1768:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1663:Main article:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1624:Main article:
1621:
1618:
1579:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1518:" (Child 2), "
1514:" (Child 1), "
1478:Richard Wilbur
1465:Jonathan Swift
1451:
1438:
1437:
1422:
1297:
1294:
1239:
1236:
1232:John Geometres
1199:Main article:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1161:Moses ibn Ezra
1105:Queen of Sheba
1082:
1079:
1046:Yaksha Prashna
963:Main article:
960:
957:
947:
944:
930:
927:
909:
900:
897:
891:
890:
881:One ever dirty
869:
836:An example of
833:
830:
824:
823:
810:
786:
783:
777:
776:
765:
739:
736:
718:
715:
709:
708:
695:
668:writing-riddle
663:
662:Writing-riddle
660:
641:Logba language
615:
612:
580:
577:
536:
533:
481:
478:
476:
473:
408:
407:
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124:Self-reference
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15:
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4991:
4989:
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4983:
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4965:Silver bullet
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
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4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
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4938:
4936:
4933:
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4926:
4925:
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4923:Folk religion
4921:
4919:
4916:
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4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4880:Nursery rhyme
4878:
4876:
4873:
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4866:
4865:
4864:
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4858:
4856:
4852:
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4777:
4775:
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4707:
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4457:
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4197:
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4180:
4173:
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4170:tangke-tangke
4162:
4155:
4149:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4108:
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4093:
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4017:
4011:
4009:
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3989:
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3973:
3967:
3960:
3953:'Y Gorcheston
3948:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3927:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3898:(2): 132â35.
3897:
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3740:
3733:
3728:
3721:
3715:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3684:Hervarar saga
3681:
3675:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3645:
3639:
3632:
3626:
3619:
3613:
3606:
3600:
3593:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3546:
3540:
3533:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3482:on 2016-10-05
3481:
3477:
3471:
3464:
3458:
3451:
3445:
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3408:
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3329:
3323:
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3303:
3297:
3290:
3284:
3282:
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3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3235:
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3205:
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3195:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3007:
3001:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2973:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2940:JĂłn Ărnason,
2937:
2930:
2927:Antti Aarne,
2924:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2903:
2900:Antti Aarne,
2897:
2890:
2887:Antti Aarne,
2884:
2877:
2874:Antti Aarne,
2871:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2843:
2840:Antti Aarne,
2837:
2830:
2829:
2825:Helen Price,
2822:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2780:Antti Aarne,
2777:
2770:
2764:
2757:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2731:
2725:
2718:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2690:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2537:
2531:
2524:
2521:Antti Aarne,
2518:
2516:
2508:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2277:
2276:Dilemma story
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
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2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
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2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2125:The Grey King
2121:
2118:
2117:HeiĂ°reks saga
2114:
2110:
2109:Bilbo Baggins
2106:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2073:frame stories
2068:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2049:Elias Lönnrot
2046:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:guessing game
1988:
1986:
1985:MartĂn Fierro
1981:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:Amuzgo people
1951:
1947:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1886:
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1799:
1798:
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1789:
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1772:
1769:
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1765:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:enlightenment
1755:
1751:
1748:
1744:
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1715:
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1704:
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1564:
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1559:
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1551:
1549:
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1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:Child Ballads
1505:
1501:
1500:Archer Taylor
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1470:Francis Ponge
1466:
1460:
1450:
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1423:
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1381:Riddles 40/66
1378:
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1043:
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906:
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852:fjĂłrir ganga,
850:FjĂłrir hanga,
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806:
794:
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790:
782:
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747:
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738:Person-riddle
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669:
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608:eco-criticism
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597:
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589:Archer Taylor
586:
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554:
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546:
545:structuralism
542:
541:Robert Petsch
532:
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505:West Germanic
502:
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452:Archer Taylor
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372:Puzzle topics
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5097:Storytelling
5089:
5039:Cunning folk
4970:Weather lore
4889:
4845:Urban legend
4753:
4749:Best Riddles
4732:
4720:
4687:
4661:
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2305:
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2171:joke riddles
2164:
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2155:Stephen King
2146:
2133:
2130:Susan Cooper
2123:
2116:
2098:
2070:
2054:
2042:
2027:
2024:In real life
2015:
2011:
1996:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1943:
1938:
1917:
1909:The Americas
1899:
1892:
1876:
1870:Clothes line
1855:
1842:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1805:
1801:
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1792:funeral wake
1787:
1781:
1762:
1754:Tang dynasty
1740:
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1488:. The famed
1462:
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1266:
1259:
1252:Bern Riddles
1241:
1225:
1220:
1210:
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1185:
1181:
1169:Judah Halevi
1150:
1144:
1138:
1127:
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1056:Yudhishthira
1049:
1039:
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596:anthropology
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570:
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528:
524:
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512:
508:
500:
489:
485:
483:
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450:
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438:metaphorical
433:
413:
411:
291:Brain teaser
162:
147:Construction
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5054:Folk healer
4910:Folk belief
4803:Animal tale
4715:âč The
4709:Riddles.net
3749:Cryptologia
3656:Alaric Hall
2741:Erin Sebo,
2728:James Paz,
2405:, 4 (1899).
2271:Neck riddle
2261:Riddle joke
2187:The Riddler
2183:comic books
2107:challenges
2018:neck-riddle
1980:Rioplatense
1784:Philippines
1646:("guess").
1640:arvoitukset
1373:Old English
1369:Exeter Book
1041:Mahabharata
1016:Vishvamitra
1000:Vedic texts
996:Atharvaveda
723:year-riddle
717:Year-riddle
656:Antti Aarne
628:year-riddle
585:Antti Aarne
564:, and some
553:Alan Dundes
535:Definitions
521:Old English
442:allegorical
266:Metapuzzles
142:Combination
5124:Vernacular
5049:Folk devil
5008:Folk music
4998:Folk dance
4928:Folk saint
4918:Birthstone
4830:Tall tales
4813:Fairy tale
4016:Tâoung Pao
3512:: 51â64 .
3486:2016-07-22
3270:4 December
3224:4 December
2282:References
2100:The Hobbit
2065:See also:
1865:âSampayan
1786:is called
1365:Symphosius
1248:Symphosius
1131:Al-Andalus
1032:KÄvyÄdarĆa
984:first book
959:South Asia
952:Babylonian
326:Puzzlehunt
211:Logic maze
133:Mechanical
119:Logic grid
109:Dissection
5107:Knowledge
5102:Tradition
5059:Folk hero
5013:Folk play
4993:Folk epic
4980:Folk arts
4950:Mythology
4935:Ghostlore
4900:Word game
4796:Narrative
4555:1813/2271
4483:Anthropos
4419:0021-8715
2403:Palaestra
2336:0021-8715
2097:'s novel
2038:Athenaeus
2003:mythology
1898:, titled
1654:East Asia
1593:Brittonic
1332:Old Norse
1228:Byzantium
1152:Shahnameh
1135:ekphrasis
604:semiotics
515:, German
480:Etymology
464:Malaitian
418:statement
331:Syllogism
234:Crossword
114:Induction
91:Situation
5139:Category
5112:Medicine
5068:See also
5044:Fakelore
5023:Foodways
4988:Folk art
4788:Folklore
4717:template
4680:(1911).
4491:41103129
3912:30069786
3668:40920553
3502:Enigmata
2266:Charades
2201:Droodles
2195:See also
2190:puzzles.
2034:symposia
2007:folklore
1879:Sulawesi
1810:Filipino
1797:tong-its
1750:Buddhism
1685:(èź) and
1636:arvoitus
1597:Lailoken
1286:'s 1511
1221:Rhetoric
1207:symposia
980:Hymn 164
971:Sanskrit
731:Rig Veda
727:Sanskrit
579:Research
573:proverbs
562:droodles
558:charades
446:conundra
422:question
165:problems
77:Guessing
5145:Riddles
5032:Society
4885:Proverb
4835:Parable
4733:Riddles
4719:below (
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4270:2798727
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1752:in the
1742:gĆng'Ă n
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1361:Aldhelm
1244:Pompeii
1146:maqÄmÄt
1109:Solomon
1067:Hindawi
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986:of the
982:of the
975:Rigveda
946:Babylon
624:Faroese
513:raadsel
509:rÄdislÄ«
434:enigmas
316:Paradox
296:Dilemma
209: (
196:Sliding
170:Folding
50:Puzzles
4960:Ritual
4895:Saying
4890:Riddle
4825:Legend
4738:Curlie
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2082:AT 851
1974:payada
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1889:Africa
1883:Pendau
1814:phrase
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1737:pinyin
1731::
1644:arvata
1544:humour
1484:, and
1190:Europe
1117:Sirach
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1107:tests
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1051:yaksha
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519:, and
517:RĂ€tsel
507:noun *
501:rÄdanÄ
486:riddle
430:puzzle
426:phrase
414:riddle
282:Topics
239:Sudoku
225:Number
180:Tiling
86:Riddle
5117:Story
4868:False
4808:Fable
4607:JSTOR
4533:53852
4529:JSTOR
4512:53575
4508:JSTOR
4487:JSTOR
4470:53575
4466:JSTOR
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1933:Huron
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1821:rhyme
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1659:China
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1548:games
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1195:Greek
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566:jokes
547:, by
496:verb
468:myths
416:is a
345:Lists
257:Mazes
201:Chess
175:Stick
100:Logic
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4875:Joke
4818:list
4415:ISSN
4327:ISBN
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4107:Koan
3272:2014
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2332:ISSN
2163:and
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