1257:
452:(a group of deities) by a woman called Vergilia, asking the goddesses to deliver from danger another woman, called Munatia. Conway notes that the offering belongs to a common type for this era, where women made requests for deities to preserve the lives of female loved ones who were pregnant and were about to give birth. In most cases, the woman making the request was the mother of a woman who was pregnant or otherwise in danger. Though there is another inscription from Calvisano, where a woman asks the deities to preserve the life of her sister. Munatia, the woman whom Vergilia wished to protect, was likely a close relative of Vergilia, possibly her daughter. The name "Munatia" indicates that this woman was a member of gens
55:
726:
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911:
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1396:
1594:, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men. In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emperor's daughter or mistress and called Lucretia. She played him along and agreed to an assignation at her house, which he was to sneak into at night by climbing into a large basket let down from a window. When he did so he was hoisted only halfway up the wall and then left trapped there into the next day, exposed to public ridicule. The story paralleled that of
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350:(the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry). Although the commentaries record much factual information about Virgil, some of their evidence can be shown to rely on allegorizing and on inferences drawn from his poetry. For this reason, details regarding Virgil's life story are considered somewhat problematic.
1168:
in 31 BC. A further focus of study is the character of Aeneas. As the protagonist of the poem, Aeneas seems to waver constantly between his emotions and commitment to his prophetic duty to found Rome; critics note the breakdown of Aeneas's emotional control in the last sections of the poem where the
1041:
in Book 4 recalls the lingering Aeneas to his duty to found a new city, and he slips away from
Carthage, leaving Dido to commit suicide, cursing Aeneas and calling down revenge in symbolic anticipation of the fierce wars between Carthage and Rome. In Book 5, funeral games are celebrated for Aeneas's
1143:
focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the
Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the
628:
tried to pay off his veterans with land expropriated from towns in northern Italy, which—according to tradition—included an estate near Mantua belonging to Virgil. The loss of Virgil's family farm and the attempt through poetic petitions to regain his property have traditionally been seen as his
641:
1 and 9, Virgil indeed dramatizes the contrasting feelings caused by the brutality of the land expropriations through pastoral idiom but offers no indisputable evidence of the supposed biographic incident. While some readers have identified the poet himself with various characters and their
525:, schoolmates considered Virgil extremely shy and reserved, and he was nicknamed "Parthenias" ("virgin") because of his social aloofness. Virgil also seems to have suffered bad health throughout his life and in some ways lived the life of an invalid. According to the
989:'s first six books describe the journey of Aeneas from Troy to Rome. Virgil made use of several models in the composition of his epic; Homer, the pre-eminent author of classical epic, is everywhere present, but Virgil also makes special use of the Latin poet
432:, where Mantua is located. Among thousands of surviving ancient inscriptions from this region, there are only 8 or 9 mentions of individuals called "Vergilius" (masculine) or "Vergilia" (feminine). Out of these mentions, three appear in inscriptions from
1108:
ends in Book 12 with the taking of
Latinus's city, the death of Amata, and Aeneas's defeat and killing of Turnus, whose pleas for mercy are spurned. The final book ends with the image of Turnus's soul lamenting as it flees to the underworld.
1387:. Servius's commentary provides us with a great deal of information about Virgil's life, sources, and references; however, many modern scholars find the variable quality of his work and the often simplistic interpretations frustrating.
2193:
1720:. While Virgil was already the object of literary admiration and veneration before his death, in the Middle Ages his name became associated with miraculous powers, and for a couple of centuries his tomb was the destination of
443:
Conway theorized that the inscription from
Calvisano had to do with a kinswoman of Virgil. Calvisano is located 30 Roman miles from Mantua, and would fit with Probus's description of Andes. The inscription, in this case, is a
661:
present traditional pastoral themes with a fresh perspective. Eclogues 1 and 9 address the land confiscations and their effects on the
Italian countryside. 2 and 3 are pastoral and erotic, discussing both homosexual love
373:
during his lifetime). Analysis of his name has led some to believe that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation is not supported by narrative evidence from his writings or his later biographers.
1001:
casts itself firmly into the epic mode, it often seeks to expand the genre by including elements of other genres, such as tragedy and aetiological poetry. Ancient commentators noted that Virgil seems to divide the
1238:
that exists may contain faults which Virgil was planning to correct before publication. However, the only obvious imperfections are a few lines of verse that are metrically unfinished (i.e. not a complete line of
654:. 5), modern scholars largely reject such efforts to garner biographical details from works of fiction, preferring to interpret an author's characters and themes as illustrations of contemporary life and thought.
881:
wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and
Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the
1296:
became standard texts in school curricula with which all educated Romans were familiar. Poets following Virgil often refer intertextually to his works to generate meaning in their own poetry. The
Augustan poet
774:
who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to
Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of the other leading literary figures of the time, including
1463:
read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death". In the
681:, the so-called "Messianic Eclogue", uses the imagery of the golden age in connection with the birth of a child (who the child was meant to be has been subject to debate). 5 and 8 describe the myth of
6825:
3731:
1832:
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of Book 2, the prologue description of the temple in Book 3, and the description of the plague at the end of Book 3. Book 4 concludes with a long mythological narrative, in the form of an
1327:, has been considered an anti-Virgilian epic, disposing of the divine mechanism, treating historical events, and diverging drastically from Virgilian epic practice. The Flavian-era poet
1037:, the death of his wife, and his escape, to the enthralled Carthaginians, while in Book 3 he recounts to them his wanderings over the Mediterranean in search of a suitable new home.
1423:, for example, confessing how he had wept at reading the death of Dido. The best-known surviving manuscripts of Virgil's works include manuscripts from late antiquity such as the
1659:. Legends about Virgil and his magical powers remained popular for over two hundred years, arguably becoming as prominent as his writings themselves. Virgil's legacy in medieval
1613:
In the Middle Ages, Virgil's reputation was such that it inspired legends associating him with magic and prophecy. From at least the 3rd century, Christian thinkers interpreted
1243:). Some scholars have argued that Virgil deliberately left these metrically incomplete lines for dramatic effect. Other alleged imperfections are subject to scholarly debate.
1740:, and then the latter spelling spread to the modern European languages. This latter spelling persisted even though, as early as the 15th century, the classical scholar
1033:, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the gods falls deeply in love with him. At a banquet in Book 2, Aeneas tells the story of the sack of
1379:
credits the work of Virgil as the embodiment of human knowledge and experience, mirroring the Greek conception of Homer. Virgil also found commentators in antiquity.
870:, conjectured that the Aristaeus episode replaced, at the emperor's request, a long section in praise of Virgil's friend, the poet Gallus, who was disgraced by
3939:
54:
985:, a warrior fleeing the sack of Troy, to Italy, his battle with the Italian prince Turnus, and the foundation of a city from which Rome would emerge. The
6720:
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Augustan regime, and some scholars see strong associations between
Augustus and Aeneas, the one as founder and the other as re-founder of Rome. A strong
3679:
1798:
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appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to
Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused the emperor's sister
6383:
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as a poetic ideal that still resonates in Western literature and visual arts and with setting the stage for the development of Latin pastoral by
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2007:
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is widely considered Virgil's finest work, and is regarded as one of the most important poems in the history of Western literature (
7212:
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2071:
1651:("Virgilian Lots"), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around
1092:, who occupies the future site of Rome, and is given new armor and a shield depicting Roman history. Book 9 records an assault by
5745:
4383:
1906:
1317:, the so-called "mini-Aeneid", has been viewed as a particularly important example of post-Virgilian response to the epic genre.
5690:
4378:
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to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly skepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as
405:, the only ancient source which reports the actual distance between Andes and Mantua is a surviving fragment from the works of
1061:
Book 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas's arrival in Italy and betrothal to
5660:
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4012:
2135:
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5625:
4778:
3435: – contains selection on the magical legends and tall tales that circulated about Virgil in the Middle Ages.
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3791:
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539:
in Naples. A group of small works attributed to the youthful Virgil by the commentators survive collected under the title
527:
7182:
6712:
4331:
3460:
2858:
510:
2324:
6841:
4002:
2811:
2777:
2743:
2692:
2658:
2595:
2531:
2209:
2040:
2001:
1967:
1480:
might repudiate what they called "the luxurious eloquence of Virgil", but they could not deny the power of his appeal.
246:
1893:("Mantua gave birth to me, the Calabrians took me, now Naples holds me; I sang of pastures , country , and leaders ").
551:
7157:
5670:
4430:
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3992:
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284:, were attributed to him in ancient times, but modern scholars consider his authorship of these poems to be dubious.
233:
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1641:
Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for
790:
At Maecenas's insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long
596:) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The
5796:
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may have been inspired by Virgilian legends about the poet's apocryphal power to bring inanimate objects to life.
549:, consists of fourteen short poems, some of which may be Virgil's, and another, a short narrative poem titled the
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but eventually spreading widely throughout Europe, a tradition developed in which Virgil was regarded as a great
1465:
1214:. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near
1152:
is full of prophecies about the future of Rome, the deeds of Augustus, his ancestors, and famous Romans, and the
1352:, Silius references Virgil. Silius is known to have bought and restored Virgil's tomb and worshipped the poet.
481:
According to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and later went to
378:
says that Virgil's father was of a humble background, though scholars generally believe that Virgil was from an
7177:
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1234:, instead ordering it to be published with as few editorial changes as possible. As a result, the text of the
7078:
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6880:
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3767:
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3429: – Jean-Yves Maleuvre's website setting forth his theory that Virgil was murdered by Augustus.
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1025:, Aeneas's enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of
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3002:
Sondrup, Steven P. 2009. "Virgil: From Farms to Empire: Kierkegaard's Understanding of a Roman Poet." In
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Miscellanea Virgiliana: In Scriptis Maxime Eruditorum Virorum Varie Dispersa, in Unum Fasciculum Collecta
2842:
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756:
1335:
engages closely with the poetry of Virgil; in his epilogue he advises his poem not to "rival the divine
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Buckham, Philip Wentworth, Joseph Spence, Edward Holdsworth, William Warburton, and John Jortin. 1825.
1930:
For more discussion on the spelling of Virgil's name, see Flickinger, R. C. 1930. "Vergil or Virgil?."
31:
1419:
Even as the Western Roman Empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet –
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Comprehensive bibliographies on all three of Virgil's major works, downloadable in Word or pdf format
2215:
1810:
1363: – Virgil was in later antiquity imputed to have the magical abilities of a seer; the
1191:
Some lines of the poem were left unfinished, and the whole was unedited, at Virgil's death in 19 BC.
725:
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1030:
958:, as he struggles to fulfill his destiny. His intentions are to reach Italy, where his descendants
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729:
522:
343:
309:. Virgil has been traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. Since its composition, his
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2114:
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1207:
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1006:
into two sections based on the poetry of Homer; the first six books were viewed as employing the
35:
6696:
3265:
1671:, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist,
7187:
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6728:
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5979:
5735:
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5469:
5444:
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5291:
5016:
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4425:
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1538:
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is instruction in the methods of running a farm. In handling this theme, Virgil follows in the
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17:
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Vergil's Georgics and the Traditions of Ancient Epic: The Art of Allusion in Literary History
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1932:
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on his standard arts curriculum, and Dido became the romantic heroine of the age. Monks like
402:
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1957:
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5236:
5136:
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4889:
4265:
3929:
3542:
3242:
2373:
994:
334:
Virgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by the Roman poet
99:
5359:
3787:
196:; traditional dates 15 October 70 BC – 21 September 19 BC), usually called
8:
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3663:
3653:
3635:
1816:
1431:
1425:
1223:
1203:
1181:
1177:
1132:
1101:
747:
733:
541:
476:
449:
420:
Relatively little is known about the family of Virgil. His father reportedly belonged to
335:
280:
7061:
6417:
2933:
Henkel, John. 2014. "Vergil Talks Technique: Metapoetic Arboriculture in 'Georgics' 2."
2849:
2063:
1369:, the process of using Virgil's poetry as a tool of divination, is found in the time of
428:. According to Conway, gens Vergilia is poorly attested in inscriptions from the entire
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3007:
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2413:
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1647:
1420:
1365:
1240:
1093:
1089:
978:
791:
702:
621:
609:
536:
354:
288:
75:
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Virgil in Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance: an Online Bibliography
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from Mantua. Conway translated this to a distance of about 45 kilometres or 28 miles.
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with Virgil scholar Richard Thomas and poet David Ferry, who recently translated the
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Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc Parthenope. Cecini pascua, rura, duces.
1360:
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959:
689:; 7, a heated poetic contest, and 10 the sufferings of the contemporary elegiac poet
3507:
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Mantua me genuit; Calabri rapuere; tenet nunc Parthenope. Cecini pascua, rura, duces
1399:
The verse inscription at Virgil's tomb was supposedly composed by the poet himself:
382:
landowning family who could afford to give him an education. He attended schools in
7009:
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1157:
1022:
891:
741:
698:
690:
250:
207:
6633:
2716:
1620:, which describes the birth of a boy ushering in a golden age, as a prediction of
600:(from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the
505:, which he would abandon for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the
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2064:"The Roman Empire: in the First Century. The Roman Empire. Writers. Virgil | PBS"
1910:
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The Renaissance saw a number of authors inspired to write epic in Virgil's wake:
1510:
1506:
1343:
633:. This is now thought to be an unsupported inference from interpretations of the
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149:
139:
135:
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during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to
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2469:. Translated by Brehaut, E. New York: Columbia University Press. p. xiii.
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The works of Virgil almost from the moment of their publication revolutionized
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366:
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353:
According to these accounts, Publius Vergilius Maro was born in the village of
347:
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83:
79:
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Bibliography of works relating Vergil to the literature of the Hellenistic age
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and the decision to settle the war with a duel between Aeneas and Turnus. The
646:. 1), frustrated love by a rustic singer for a distant boy (his master's pet,
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Miller, F. J. 1909. "Evidences of Incompleteness in the "Aeneid" of Vergil."
2396:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–116.
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Vergil's Aeneid and the Roman Self: Subject and Nation in Literary Discourse
1222:
harbor on 21 September 19 BC. Augustus ordered Virgil's literary executors,
1120:
1058:
where Aeneas meets the dead Anchises who reveals Rome's destiny to his son.
6854:
6171:
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2219:
1383:, a commentator of the 4th century AD, based his work on the commentary of
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780:
318:
242:
121:
103:
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3186:
2315:
1775:
1705:
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1373:, and continued into the Middle Ages. In a similar vein Macrobius in the
1218:. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in
1161:
934:
referred to it as 'the classic of all Europe'). The work (modelled after
931:
370:
270:
131:
2942:
2890:
5939:
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5574:
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5271:
5206:
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3614:
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1721:
1713:
1642:
1514:
1491:
1273:
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970:
951:
706:
605:
555:("The Gnat"), was attributed to Virgil as early as the 1st century AD.
425:
387:
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5761:
3804:
1587:, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the
1021:
Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which
800:(from Greek, "On Working the Earth"), which he dedicated to Maecenas.
414:
30:
This article is about the ancient Roman poet. For the grammarian, see
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5989:
5969:
5959:
5604:
5599:
5559:
5484:
5454:
5434:
5311:
5251:
5161:
5111:
5106:
5031:
4991:
4879:
4849:
4658:
4533:
4326:
4210:
4185:
4064:
3732:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3522:
2927:
1878:
1833:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
1787:
1741:
1614:
1607:
1356:
1323:
1269:
1145:
887:
856:
671:
532:
502:
437:
375:
339:
306:
3397:
3313:
3305:
3297:
2997:
Contexts of War: Manipulation of Genre in Virgilian Battle Narrative
650:. 2), or a master singer's claim to have composed several eclogues (
6671:
6286:
6251:
6236:
6216:
6145:
6109:
6069:
6064:
6024:
5999:
5944:
5929:
5838:
5564:
5549:
5539:
5524:
5439:
5429:
5399:
5389:
5384:
5374:
5276:
5191:
5071:
5056:
4986:
4966:
4956:
4951:
4931:
4730:
4311:
4275:
4165:
4092:
3924:
3621:
3573:
3443:
3167:
3161:
3135:
3131:
2913:
Finding Italy: Travel, Nation and Colonization in Vergil's 'Aeneid'
1717:
1624:. In consequence, Virgil came to be seen on a similar level to the
1043:
1026:
974:
871:
851:
808:
796:
767:
720:
625:
588:
586:
The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter
566:
518:
506:
498:
494:
395:
338:. This biography was incorporated into an account by the historian
265:
255:
166:
160:
95:
6815:
6346:
6291:
6276:
6266:
6261:
6221:
6166:
6125:
6089:
6054:
6039:
6014:
5964:
5909:
5584:
5579:
5569:
5534:
5529:
5519:
5464:
5449:
5266:
5261:
5246:
5216:
5171:
5151:
5131:
5086:
4818:
4673:
4452:
4260:
4255:
4145:
2983:
Greek Tragedy in Vergil's "Aeneid": Ritual, Empire, and Intertext
2524:
The Divine Comedy (The Inferno, The Purgatorio, and The Paradiso)
1874:
1603:
1542:
1408:
1370:
1359: – widely interpreted later to have predicted the
1328:
1081:
1078:
1066:
1062:
1008:
997:
among the various other writers to whom he alludes. Although the
946:
860:
686:
682:
601:
482:
383:
379:
2279:
The Discovery of the Mind: the Greek Origins of European Thought
1148:, or drive towards a climax, has been detected in the poem. The
604:(that is, "pastoral" or "rural") poetry of the Hellenistic poet
517:, it has been inferred that he was, for a time, associated with
6922:
6902:
6456:
6331:
6321:
6316:
6271:
6256:
6241:
6099:
5949:
5919:
5914:
5848:
5833:
5810:
5594:
5474:
5404:
5344:
5339:
5066:
5051:
5001:
4981:
4403:
4280:
4175:
3628:
3175:
2291:
1882:
1709:
1652:
1412:
1404:
1311:
1.1.1–2, and his summary of the Aeneas story in Book 14 of the
1215:
1074:
1070:
990:
982:
955:
926:
916:
905:
812:
776:
642:
vicissitudes, whether gratitude by an old rustic to a new god (
433:
391:
358:
274:
172:
60:
3426:
3153: – Latin texts, translations, and commentaries
1169:"pious" and "righteous" Aeneas mercilessly slaughters Turnus.
920:
of Aeneas, who carries his aged father and leads his young son
456:, and makes it likely that Vergilia married into this family.
6336:
6326:
6311:
6281:
6226:
6206:
6186:
6084:
5954:
5843:
5379:
5101:
4828:
4120:
2381:
2164:
from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
1660:
1635:
1318:
1085:
1047:
1014:
940:
935:
766:(probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of
486:
2950:
The Epic Distilled: Studies in the Composition of the Aeneid
1096:
on the Rutulians; Book 10, the death of Evander's young son
545:, but are largely considered spurious by scholars. One, the
216:
6917:
6140:
6009:
5589:
5156:
5096:
4678:
4054:
3420:
1534:
1298:
1265:
1194:
1034:
490:
459:
Other studies claim that today's consideration for ancient
421:
410:
302:
1774:), Vergil being particularly associated with magic in the
1415:
holds me now; I sang of pastures, farms, and commanders" )
1156:; the shield of Aeneas even depicts Augustus's victory at
1029:, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen,
685:
in a song contest, 6, the cosmic and mythological song of
219:
4150:
3527:
3262: – text, concordances, and frequency list.
2237:(in Italian) (January–February ed.). pp. 71–76.
2107:
Fowler, Don. 1996. "Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro)." In
222:
2684:
The Virgilian Tradition: The First Fifteen Hundred Years
2650:
The Virgilian Tradition: The First Fifteen Hundred Years
2587:
The Virgilian Tradition: The First Fifteen Hundred Years
1921:
For a bibliography and summary see Fowler, pp. 1605–1606
1732:
By the fourth or fifth century AD the original spelling
1708:, a district 1.9 mi (3 km) from the centre of
398:
and law, the young Virgil turned his talents to poetry.
301:, in which Virgil appears as the author's guide through
3724:
Dante, led by Virgil, Consoles the Souls of the Envious
2799:
1825:
Dante, led by Virgil, Consoles the Souls of the Envious
855:
which describes vividly the discovery of beekeeping by
2800:
Winkler, Anthony C.; McCuen-Metherell, Jo Ray (2011).
1716:
harbour, on the road heading north along the coast to
886:
to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and
59:
Modern bust of Virgil at the entrance to his crypt in
3268:: contemporary, line-by-line English translations of
1793:, which has a history of Christian, and specifically
1698:
is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (
751:
Late 17th-century illustration of a passage from the
413:(AD 54–68). Probus reports that Andes was located 30
234:
5804:
1339:, but follow afar and ever venerate its footsteps."
1100:; and 11 the death of the Volscian warrior princess
1012:
as a model while the last six were connected to the
225:
213:
1355:Partially as a result of his so-called "Messianic"
1202:According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to the
329:
210:
2896:Farrell, J., and Michael C. J. Putnam, eds. 2010.
2681:Ziolkowski, Jan M.; Putnam, Michael C. J. (2008).
2647:Ziolkowski, Jan M.; Putnam, Michael C. J. (2008).
2642:
2640:
2584:Ziolkowski, Jan M.; Putnam, Michael C. J. (2008).
2372:
2345:Avery, W. T. (1957). "Augustus and the "Aeneid"".
1583:The legend of "Virgil in his basket" arose in the
1548:
1088:, Lavinia's mother. In Book 8, Aeneas allies with
821:and several works of the later Hellenistic poets.
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1628:as one who had heralded Christianity. Relatedly,
1567:; and later artists influenced by Virgil include
666:. 2) and attraction toward people of any gender (
7139:
2898:A Companion to Vergil's Aeneid and Its Tradition
2714:
2680:
2646:
2583:
2464:
2233:Nardoni, Davide (1986). "La terra di Virgilio".
1342:Virgil finds one of his most ardent admirers in
249:. He composed three of the most famous poems in
2924:Virgil: Critical Assessments of Ancient Authors
2637:
3508:A selective Bibliographical Guide to Vergil's
2765:
2590:. Yale University Press. pp. xxxiv–xxxv.
2086:
1770:carries an echo of the Latin word for 'wand' (
6881:
5790:
3820:
3543:
2837:Anderson, W. S., and L. N. Quartarone. 2002.
1962:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1, 4.
1786:('virgin'); this would be a reference to the
1699:
1663:was such that the Welsh version of his name,
779:, in whose poetry he is often mentioned, and
2247:
1762:There is some speculation that the spelling
463:should be sought in the Casalpoglio area of
278:. A number of minor poems, collected in the
2990:Why Vergil? A Collection of Interpretations
2687:. Yale University Press. pp. 101–102.
2623:
1887:
1598:. Among other artists depicting the scene,
6888:
6874:
5797:
5783:
3827:
3813:
3550:
3536:
3017:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2999:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2955:
2731:
2627:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Golem".
2262:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2154:A Guide to Writing in History and Classics
1453:A 5th-century portrait of Virgil from the
1112:
1050:, in Italy in Book 6, Aeneas consults the
1046:, who had died a year before. On reaching
424:Vergilia, and his mother belonged to gens
53:
3341: – an English translation.
2902:Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World
2521:
287:Virgil's work has had great influence on
2985:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2960:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
2721:. London: W and R Chambers. p. 366.
2653:. Yale University Press. p. xxxiv.
2250:Castel Goffredo dalle origini ai Gonzaga
2214:The article was originally sourced from
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
1748:to be the original spelling. Today, the
1682:
1490:
1483:
1448:
1394:
1255:
1119:
977:. The epic poem consists of 12 books in
914:A 1st-century terracotta expressing the
909:
845:Well-known passages include the beloved
746:
724:
570:
531:, he began to write poetry while in the
409:. Probus flourished during the reign of
394:. After briefly considering a career in
5766:
3834:
2956:Keith, Alison; Myers, Micah Y. (2023).
2232:
1634:argues that medieval legends about the
1246:
1210:in Greece in about 19 BC to revise the
1069:. Lavinia had already been promised to
811:("how to") tradition of the Greek poet
342:, as well as the later commentaries of
14:
7140:
3775:
3214:, translated by H. R. Fairclough, 1916
2839:Approaches to Teaching Vergil's Aeneid
2803:Writing the Research Paper: A Handbook
2252:(in Italian). Mantua. pp. 96–100.
2202:Harvard Lectures on the Vergilian Age.
1989:
1766:might have arisen due to a pun, since
874:, and who committed suicide in 26 BC.
762:Sometime after the publication of the
612:. After defeating the army led by the
6869:
5778:
5765:
3808:
3531:
3025:Fama and Fiction in Vergil's 'Aeneid'
2854:. Cambridge: Printed for W. P. Grant.
2344:
2276:
2167:
1955:
1563:was influenced by the example of the
1509:presents Virgil as his guide through
1346:. With almost every line of his epic
841:beekeeping and the qualities of bees.
191:
6721:Ascanius Shooting the Stag of Sylvia
3763:
3362:, translated by David Wilson-Okamura
3179:, translated by T. C. Williams, 1910
3006:, edited by J. B. Stewart. Farnham:
2864:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
2766:Wilson-Okamura, David Scott (2010).
2035:. Infobase Publishing. p. 376.
2028:
981:verse which describe the journey of
7153:Writers from the Province of Mantua
3171:translated by J. C. Greenough, 1900
2074:from the original on 8 January 2024
1996:. Infobase Publishing. p. 28.
1778:. There is also a possibility that
1727:
1557:called himself the English Virgil;
193:[ˈpuːbliʊswɛrˈɡɪliʊsˈmaroː]
24:
2952:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2831:
2010:from the original on 26 March 2023
1301:parodies the opening lines of the
1195:Virgil's death and editing of the
629:motives in the composition of the
25:
7224:
3231:, translated by John Dryden, 1697
3035:
2806:. Cengage Learning. p. 278.
2138:from the original on 28 May 2008.
1390:
1230:, to disregard Virgil's own wish
521:'s neoteric circle. According to
436:, and one in an inscription from
324:
3786:
3774:
3762:
3411:." – A review of
3139:
2881:—2001. "The Vergilian Century."
2633:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2617:
1993:Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire
1759:are both considered acceptable.
1678:
1523:. Dante also mentions Virgil in
330:Birth and biographical tradition
206:
7213:Characters in the Divine Comedy
3004:Kierkegaard and the Roman World
2793:
2759:
2725:
2708:
2674:
2611:
2577:
2549:
2540:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2481:
2458:
2445:
2432:
2423:
2400:
2366:
2357:
2338:
2309:
2285:
2270:
2241:
2226:
2110:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
1959:Reading Virgil: Aeneid I and II
1924:
1915:
1896:
1549:Renaissance and early modernity
1466:Renaissance of the 12th century
1129:to Augustus, Octavia, and Livia
1054:, who conducts him through the
962:are to found the city of Rome.
575:Page from the beginning of the
6705:Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius
2992:. Wauconda: Bolchazy-Carducci.
2772:. Cambridge University Press.
2738:. Princeton University Press.
2142:
2120:
2056:
2022:
1983:
1949:
1867:
1645:. In what became known as the
1444:
1077:, who is roused to war by the
950:) chronicles a refugee of the
783:, who later helped finish the
697:is credited with establishing
470:
13:
1:
6679:Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes
6430:
6407:
3680:Christian interpretations of
3315:Publii Vergilii Maronis Opera
3307:Publii Vergilii Maronis Opera
3299:Publii Vergilii Maronis Opera
3224:Internet Sacred Texts Archive
3105:Works by Virgil in eBook form
2922:Hardie, Philip R., ed. 1999.
2732:Comparetti, Domenico (1997).
1856:
863:' journey to the underworld.
6842:Political commentary of the
4399:Frontiers and fortifications
3433:The Secret History of Virgil
3370:(Project Gutenberg ed.), by
3090:Resources in other libraries
3066:Resources in other libraries
2917:University of Michigan Press
2248:Gualtierotti, Piero (2008).
1942:
1902:For a succinct summary, see
1782:is meant to evoke the Latin
1626:Hebrew prophets of the Bible
1251:
803:The ostensible theme of the
93:21 September 19 BC (aged 50)
7:
6826:Parallels between Virgil's
4458:Decorations and punishments
3288:Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria
3138:(public domain audiobooks)
3029:Ohio State University Press
2843:Modern Language Association
2380:; Bryant, Margaret (1911).
2281:. Harper. pp. 281–282.
2032:Critical Companion to Dante
1804:
757:Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter
712:
558:
10:
7229:
7183:1st-century BC Roman poets
6756:And Then There Was Silence
6519:(1724 libretto Metastasio)
5365:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
3940:historiography of the fall
3557:
3415:'s new translation of the
3324:Lewis E 198 Opera at OPenn
2976:Patterns of Time in Vergil
1578:
1135:, Art Institute of Chicago
903:
866:Ancient scholars, such as
718:
564:
474:
32:Virgilius Maro Grammaticus
29:
7106:
7088:
7070:
7055:
7036:
6931:
6910:
6803:
6772:
6747:
6688:
6618:
6582:
6475:
6394:
6359:
6159:
6118:
5897:
5826:
5819:
5772:
5746:External wars and battles
5613:
5507:
5320:
4912:
4905:
4827:
4739:
4644:
4519:
4471:
4349:
4299:
4238:
4229:
4111:
4063:
3983:
3900:
3870:
3861:
3843:
3758:
3707:
3694:The Virgilian Progression
3672:
3646:
3565:
3085:Resources in your library
3061:Resources in your library
2911:Fletcher, K. F. B. 2014.
2769:Virgil in the Renaissance
2735:Vergil in the Middle Ages
2715:Chambers, Robert (1832).
2522:Alighieri, Dante (2003).
2467:The History of the Franks
2465:Gregory of Tours (1916).
2455:(Cambridge 1990), p. 105.
1811:Quintus Caecilius Epirota
1186:Virgil Reading the Aeneid
993:and the Hellenistic poet
897:
155:
145:
127:
117:
109:
89:
67:
52:
45:
27:1st-century-BC Roman poet
7158:Golden Age Latin writers
6647:Fortune favours the bold
3716:Dante and Virgil in Hell
3483:27 February 2012 at the
3383:22 February 2007 at the
3123:Works by or about Virgil
2560:Northern Renaissance Art
2327:15 November 2019 at the
2196:30 December 2022 at the
1990:Bunson, Matthew (2014).
1909:18 December 2009 at the
1861:
1817:Dante and Virgil in Hell
1596:Phyllis riding Aristotle
1513:and the greater part of
608:, which were written in
313:has been considered the
7045:Dido, Queen of Carthage
7018:Dido, Queen of Carthage
6896:"Dido and Aeneas" from
6665:Obscuris vera involvens
6564:Dido, Queen of Carthage
6426:Dido, Queen of Carthage
5741:Roman–Iranian relations
4216:Optimates and populares
3487:, read by Stephen Daitz
3302:Naples and Milan, 1450.
3266:Virgil: The Major Texts
3151:Perseus Digital Library
2978:. Hamden: Archon Books.
2876:Oxford University Press
2630:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2393:Encyclopædia Britannica
2378:Glover, Terrot Reaveley
2191:Where Was Vergil's Farm
2150:Vergil and 'The Aeneid'
2128:"Map of Cisalpine Gaul"
2115:Oxford University Press
1694:The structure known as
1631:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1232:that the poem be burned
828:focus respectively on:
36:Virgil (disambiguation)
7173:1st-century BC writers
7097:Dido building Carthage
6729:Dido building Carthage
6595:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 31
5751:Civil wars and revolts
5017:Sextus Pompeius Festus
4664:Conflict of the Orders
4023:Legislative assemblies
3516:5 October 2018 at the
3463:2 October 2012 at the
3447: – via
2857:Conway, R. S. 1915. "
2546:Gransden, pp. 108–111.
2494:(Fontana 1968), p. 19.
2492:The Wandering Scholars
2187:Conway, Robert Seymour
1888:
1700:
1691:
1503:
1457:
1416:
1277:
1136:
921:
824:The four books of the
759:
744:
583:
407:Marcus Valerius Probus
182:Publius Vergilius Maro
71:Publius Vergilius Maro
34:. For other uses, see
7178:1st-century BC Romans
7163:Ancient Roman writers
6850:Sulpicius Apollinaris
6495:(1687 Lully/Collasse)
5460:Simplicius of Cilicia
5212:Quintus Curtius Rufus
4441:Siege in Ancient Rome
4050:Executive magistrates
3286:in the collection of
2988:Quinn, S., ed. 2000.
2526:. New York: Berkley.
2409:The Classical Journal
2374:Sellar, William Young
2347:The Classical Journal
2277:Snell, Bruno (1960).
2158:Utah State University
2148:Damen, Mark. 2004. "
1956:Jones, Peter (2011).
1933:The Classical Journal
1686:
1529:, as one of the four
1526:De vulgari eloquentia
1494:
1452:
1398:
1361:birth of Jesus Christ
1259:
1123:
965:Virgil worked on the
913:
838:livestock and horses;
770:, Octavian's capable
750:
728:
574:
403:Robert Seymour Conway
241:) in English, was an
6697:Laocoön and His Sons
5470:Stephanus Byzantinus
5375:Eusebius of Caesaria
5237:Sidonius Apollinaris
4927:Ammianus Marcellinus
4266:Tribune of the plebs
3409:for the 21st century
3378:Vergilian Chronology
3367:Vergil – A Biography
3353:(in original Latin).
2204:Biblo & Tannen.
1736:had been changed to
1496:Virgil in His Basket
1472:placed the "divine"
1331:in his 12-book epic
1292:, and above all the
1260:A 3rd-century Roman
1247:Legacy and reception
995:Apollonius of Rhodes
7168:Ancient Roman poets
7114:Low Ham Roman Villa
6713:The Dream of Aeneas
6610:Vergilius Vaticanus
6600:Vergilius Augusteus
6492:Achille et Polyxène
6413:history of Britain)
5767:Associated subjects
5646:Distinguished women
5297:Velleius Paterculus
5137:Nicolaus Damascenus
5117:Marcellus Empiricus
4506:Republican currency
3748:The Barque of Dante
3664:Vergilius Vaticanus
3654:Vergilius Augusteus
3636:Appendix Vergiliana
2981:Panoussi, V. 2009.
2948:Horsfall, N. 2016.
2904:). Chichester, MA:
2859:The Youth of Vergil
2113:(3rd ed.). Oxford:
1849:The Barque of Dante
1432:Vergilius Vaticanus
1426:Vergilius Augusteus
1224:Lucius Varius Rufus
1204:senatorial province
1182:Jean-Baptiste Wicar
1133:Jean-Baptiste Wicar
1065:, daughter of King
709:and later writers.
579:in the 5th-century
542:Appendix Vergiliana
477:Appendix Vergiliana
281:Appendix Vergiliana
7002:Didone abbandonata
6994:Didone abbandonata
6986:Didone abbandonata
6981:(1724, Metastasio)
6978:Didone abbandonata
6795:Sortes Vergilianae
6785:Dactylic hexameter
6548:Didone abbandonata
6540:Didone abbandonata
6532:Didone abbandonata
6524:Didone abbandonata
6516:Didone abbandonata
6403:Historia Brittonum
6247:Evander of Pallene
5420:Phlegon of Tralles
5227:Seneca the Younger
4701:Naming conventions
4431:Personal equipment
3964:Later Roman Empire
3689:Sortes Vergilianae
3423:, 9 February 2007.
3398:The Vergil Project
3338:The Life of Virgil
2870:Farrell, J. 1991.
2503:Waddell, pp. 22–3.
2453:Virgil: The Aeneid
2321:What Is a Classic?
2300:1.5, 1.6; Horace,
2029:Ruud, Jay (2008).
1692:
1648:Sortes Vergilianae
1504:
1458:
1417:
1407:gave me life, the
1366:Sortes Vergilianae
1278:
1241:dactylic hexameter
1137:
1125:Virgil Reading the
1094:Nisus and Euryalus
1073:, the king of the
979:dactylic hexameter
922:
792:dactylic hexameter
760:
745:
703:Calpurnius Siculus
622:Battle of Philippi
610:dactylic hexameter
584:
289:Western literature
7135:
7134:
7129:
7128:
6973:(1693, Desmarets)
6863:
6862:
6790:Hysteron proteron
6605:Vergilius Romanus
6590:Book of Ballymote
6355:
6354:
6151:Pygmalion of Tyre
5759:
5758:
5721:Pontifices maximi
5503:
5502:
5360:Diogenes Laërtius
5182:Pliny the Younger
4937:Asconius Pedianus
4897:Romance languages
4769:Civil engineering
4511:Imperial currency
4384:Political control
4345:
4344:
3979:
3978:
3802:
3801:
3659:Vergilius Romanus
3356:Aelius Donatus's
3310:Italy, 1470–1499.
3255:The Latin Library
3251:P. Vergilius Maro
3118:Project Gutenberg
3042:Library resources
2935:Vergilius (1959–)
2883:Vergilius (1959–)
2333:Faber & Faber
1470:Alexander Neckham
1455:Vergilius Romanus
1438:Vergilius Romanus
1154:Carthaginian Wars
1113:Reception of the
960:Romulus and Remus
859:and the story of
581:Vergilius Romanus
179:
178:
146:Literary movement
16:(Redirected from
7220:
7013:(1783, Piccinni)
6997:(1724, Albinoni)
6951:(1688, Purcell)
6890:
6883:
6876:
6867:
6866:
6821:The Golden Bough
6737:The Golden Bough
6659:Mind over matter
6511:(1693 Desmarets)
6460:(1798 mock epic)
6435:
6432:
6412:
6409:
5824:
5823:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5776:
5775:
5763:
5762:
5711:Magistri equitum
5626:Cities and towns
5619:
5545:Constantinopolis
5355:Diodorus Siculus
5287:Valerius Maximus
5222:Seneca the Elder
5142:Nonius Marcellus
4910:
4909:
4463:Hippika gymnasia
4426:Infantry tactics
4332:Consular tribune
4322:Magister equitum
4271:Military tribune
4236:
4235:
4196:Pontifex maximus
4191:Princeps senatus
4181:Magister militum
3947:Byzantine Empire
3868:
3867:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3793:Wikisource texts
3790:
3778:
3777:
3766:
3765:
3740:Dante and Virgil
3552:
3545:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3478:, Bk IV, 296–396
3469:Robert Sonkowsky
3241:, translated by
3143:
3142:
3127:Internet Archive
2995:Rossi, A. 2004.
2971:
2958:Vergil and Elegy
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2718:The Book of Days
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2581:
2575:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2519:
2513:
2512:Waddell, p. 101.
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2462:
2456:
2451:K. W. Gransden,
2449:
2443:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2385:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2336:
2313:
2307:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2235:Archeologia Viva
2230:
2224:
2184:
2165:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2124:
2118:
2105:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1953:
1937:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1871:
1841:Dante and Virgil
1728:Spelling of name
1724:and veneration.
1703:
1690:in Naples, Italy
1600:Lucas van Leyden
1500:Lucas van Leyden
1478:Maiolus of Cluny
1461:Gregory of Tours
1262:mosaic of Virgil
892:Battle of Actium
877:The tone of the
794:poem called the
772:agent d'affaires
742:Charles Jalabert
736:at the house of
693:. Virgil in his
691:Cornelius Gallus
251:Latin literature
237:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
195:
190:
73:15 October 70 BC
57:
43:
42:
21:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7102:
7084:
7066:
7051:
7032:
7029:(1863, Berlioz)
7021:(1792, Storace)
6948:Dido and Aeneas
6943:(1641, Cavalli)
6927:
6906:
6894:
6864:
6859:
6799:
6768:
6743:
6684:
6614:
6578:
6559:(1783 Piccinni)
6535:(1724 Albinoni)
6500:Dido and Aeneas
6471:
6433:
6410:
6390:
6351:
6182:Ajax the Lesser
6155:
6114:
5893:
5815:
5803:
5768:
5760:
5755:
5617:
5615:
5609:
5499:
5335:Aëtius of Amida
5316:
5302:Verrius Flaccus
5282:Valerius Antias
5242:Silius Italicus
5177:Pliny the Elder
5122:Marcus Aurelius
4997:Cornelius Nepos
4947:Aurelius Victor
4901:
4823:
4735:
4669:Secessio plebis
4640:
4515:
4467:
4341:
4295:
4225:
4107:
4059:
3975:
3896:
3857:
3839:
3833:
3803:
3798:
3754:
3751:(1858 painting)
3743:(1850 painting)
3735:(1835 painting)
3727:(1835 painting)
3719:(1822 painting)
3703:
3668:
3642:
3561:
3556:
3518:Wayback Machine
3485:Wayback Machine
3465:Wayback Machine
3385:Wayback Machine
3346:Vita Vergiliana
3220:Works of Virgil
3195:Works of Virgil
3147:Works of Virgil
3140:
3132:Works by Virgil
3114:Works by Virgil
3109:Standard Ebooks
3099:Collected works
3096:
3095:
3094:
3071:
3070:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3013:Syed, Y. 2005.
2974:Mack, S. 1978.
2968:
2926:1–4. New York:
2906:Wiley-Blackwell
2834:
2832:Further reading
2829:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2730:
2726:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2645:
2638:
2625:Singer, Isidore
2618:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2582:
2578:
2564:Harry N. Abrams
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2486:
2482:
2463:
2459:
2450:
2446:
2437:
2433:
2429:Theb.12.816–817
2428:
2424:
2405:
2401:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2343:
2339:
2329:Wayback Machine
2314:
2310:
2290:
2286:
2275:
2271:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2227:
2198:Wayback Machine
2185:
2168:
2147:
2143:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2106:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2004:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1911:Wayback Machine
1904:Globalnet.co.uk
1901:
1897:
1877:on his tomb in
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1852:(1858 painting)
1844:(1850 painting)
1836:(1835 painting)
1828:(1835 painting)
1820:(1822 painting)
1807:
1799:interpretations
1730:
1681:
1581:
1551:
1531:regulati poetae
1489:
1447:
1421:Saint Augustine
1393:
1344:Silius Italicus
1264:seated between
1254:
1249:
1200:
1139:Critics of the
1118:
908:
902:
723:
717:
677:, addressed to
569:
563:
479:
473:
465:Castel Goffredo
446:votive offering
332:
327:
291:, most notably
247:Augustan period
235:
209:
205:
187:Classical Latin
185:
170:
164:
150:Augustan poetry
140:pastoral poetry
136:didactic poetry
94:
74:
72:
63:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7226:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7198:Didactic poets
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7123:
7116:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7067:
7059:
7057:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7022:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6990:
6982:
6974:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6957:
6944:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6914:
6912:
6908:
6907:
6893:
6892:
6885:
6878:
6870:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6839:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6811:Brutus of Troy
6807:
6805:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6776:
6774:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6759:
6751:
6749:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6733:
6725:
6717:
6709:
6701:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6675:
6668:
6661:
6656:
6653:Lacrimae rerum
6649:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6575:(1858 Berlioz)
6568:
6567:(1792 Storace)
6560:
6552:
6544:
6536:
6528:
6520:
6512:
6504:
6503:(1688 Purcell)
6496:
6488:
6487:(1641 Cavalli)
6479:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6437:
6422:
6414:
6398:
6396:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6380:
6372:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5985:Dares Phrygius
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5802:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5779:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5620:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5187:Pomponius Mela
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4922:Aelius Donatus
4918:
4916:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4890:Ecclesiastical
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4631:Toys and games
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4171:Vigintisexviri
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4131:Cursus honorum
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3930:Western Empire
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3784:
3772:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3505:
3500:
3492:Bibliographies
3489:
3488:
3471:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3375:
3363:
3359:Life of Virgil
3354:
3351:Aelius Donatus
3342:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3303:
3281:
3263:
3260:Virgil's works
3257:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3232:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:translated by
3180:
3172:
3144:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:External links
3034:
3033:
3032:
3018:
3011:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2966:
2953:
2946:
2931:
2920:
2909:
2894:
2879:
2868:
2855:
2846:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2813:978-1133169024
2812:
2792:
2779:978-0521198127
2778:
2758:
2745:978-0691026787
2744:
2724:
2707:
2694:978-0300108224
2693:
2673:
2660:978-0300108224
2659:
2636:
2610:
2597:978-0300108224
2596:
2576:
2548:
2539:
2533:978-0451208637
2532:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2480:
2457:
2444:
2431:
2422:
2412:4(11):341–55.
2399:
2388:Chisholm, Hugh
2383:"Virgil"
2365:
2363:Jenkyns, p. 53
2356:
2337:
2308:
2284:
2269:
2240:
2225:
2210:978-0819601827
2166:
2141:
2119:
2085:
2055:
2042:978-1438108414
2041:
2021:
2003:978-1438110271
2002:
1982:
1969:978-0521768665
1968:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1923:
1914:
1895:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1750:anglicisations
1729:
1726:
1701:grotta vecchia
1688:Tomb of Virgil
1680:
1677:
1592:literary topos
1589:Power of Women
1580:
1577:
1555:Edmund Spenser
1550:
1547:
1488:
1482:
1446:
1443:
1411:took it away,
1392:
1391:Late antiquity
1389:
1357:Fourth Eclogue
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1199:
1193:
1117:
1111:
904:Main article:
901:
896:
843:
842:
839:
836:
835:raising trees;
833:
832:raising crops;
818:Works and Days
719:Main article:
716:
711:
679:Asinius Pollio
565:Main article:
562:
557:
489:, and finally
475:Main article:
472:
469:
430:Northern Italy
367:northern Italy
363:Cisalpine Gaul
331:
328:
326:
325:Life and works
323:
177:
176:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
91:
87:
86:
84:Roman Republic
80:Cisalpine Gaul
69:
65:
64:
58:
50:
49:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7225:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7188:Bucolic poets
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7122:
7121:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7087:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7064:
7063:
7062:Roman d'Enéas
7058:
7054:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7035:
7028:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7007:
7005:(1762, Sarti)
7004:
7003:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6991:
6989:(1724, Sarro)
6988:
6987:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6967:
6962:
6961:Dido's Lament
6958:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6891:
6886:
6884:
6879:
6877:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6763:Gates of Fire
6760:
6757:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6641:Experto crede
6638:
6636:
6635:
6634:Annuit cœptis
6631:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6617:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6566:
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6558:
6557:
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6529:
6526:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6467:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6418:Roman d'Enéas
6415:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
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5857:
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5842:
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5825:
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5813:
5812:
5807:
5800:
5795:
5793:
5788:
5786:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5771:
5764:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
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5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
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5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5077:Julius Paulus
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5012:Fabius Pictor
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4749:Amphitheatres
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:Deforestation
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Siege engines
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4369:Establishment
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:Extraordinary
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:Promagistrate
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:Twelve Tables
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3818:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3699:Virgil's tomb
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:Miscellaneous
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3413:Robert Fagles
3410:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3243:J. W. MacKail
3240:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:Theoi Project
3196:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2967:9781487547950
2963:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2915:. Ann Arbor:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2815:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2796:
2781:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2762:
2747:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2614:
2599:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2574:. pp. 461–62.
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:Snyder, James
2552:
2543:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2493:
2489:
2488:Helen Waddell
2484:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2441:
2435:
2426:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2212:. pp. 14–41.
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2152:." Ch. 11 in
2151:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1936:25(9):658–60.
1935:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1696:Virgil's tomb
1689:
1685:
1679:Virgil's tomb
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1622:Jesus's birth
1619:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1606:and later an
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1573:Hermann Broch
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1560:Paradise Lost
1556:
1546:
1545:(ii, vi, 7).
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:Divine Comedy
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1486:Divine Comedy
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1324:Bellum Civile
1321:'s epic, the
1320:
1316:
1315:
1314:Metamorphoses
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:Plotius Tucca
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1166:Cleopatra VII
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:Cumaean Sibyl
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
933:
929:
928:
919:
918:
912:
907:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
880:
875:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
853:
848:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
829:
827:
822:
820:
819:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
798:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
773:
769:
765:
758:
754:
749:
743:
739:
735:
732:, Virgil and
731:
727:
722:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
674:
669:
665:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
640:
636:
632:
627:
623:
619:
618:Julius Caesar
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
582:
578:
573:
568:
561:
556:
554:
553:
548:
544:
543:
538:
534:
530:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
478:
468:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:According to
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
322:
320:
316:
315:national epic
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:
298:Divine Comedy
294:
290:
285:
283:
282:
277:
276:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
244:
243:ancient Roman
240:
239:
230:
203:
199:
194:
188:
183:
175:
174:
169:
168:
163:
162:
158:
156:Notable works
154:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
70:
66:
62:
56:
51:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7208:19 BC deaths
7203:70 BC births
7118:
7095:
7077:
7060:
7043:
7024:
7016:
7008:
7000:
6992:
6984:
6976:
6968:
6946:
6938:
6901:
6897:
6855:Trojan Horse
6843:
6835:
6831:
6830:and Homer's
6827:
6761:
6735:
6727:
6719:
6711:
6703:
6695:
6677:
6670:
6663:
6651:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6570:
6562:
6554:
6551:(1762 Sarti)
6546:
6543:(1726 Vinci)
6538:
6530:
6527:(1724 Sarro)
6522:
6514:
6506:
6498:
6490:
6482:
6468:(2008 novel)
6463:
6455:
6447:
6444:(1751 novel)
6439:
6424:
6416:
6401:
6382:
6374:
6366:
6172:Achaemenides
6131:Anna Perenna
5809:
5805:
5691:Institutions
5555:Leptis Magna
5508:Major cities
5415:Philostratus
5306:
5202:Quadrigarius
5022:Rufus Festus
4885:Contemporary
4606:Romanization
4529:Architecture
4136:Collegiality
3985:Constitution
3836:Ancient Rome
3792:
3780:
3768:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3681:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3572:
3558:
3509:
3491:
3490:
3475:
3458:, Bk I, 1–49
3455:
3448:
3442:
3427:Virgilmurder
3416:
3406:
3391:
3390:
3387:(in German).
3372:Tenney Frank
3366:
3358:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3318:Milan, 1465.
3314:
3306:
3298:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3160:
3156:
3098:
3097:
3080:Online books
3073:
3056:Online books
3046:
3027:. Columbus:
3024:
3014:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2957:
2949:
2934:
2923:
2912:
2901:
2897:
2882:
2874:. New York:
2871:
2862:
2850:
2841:. New York:
2838:
2817:. Retrieved
2802:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2768:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2734:
2727:
2717:
2710:
2698:. Retrieved
2683:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2649:
2628:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2586:
2579:
2559:
2551:
2542:
2523:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2425:
2407:
2402:
2391:
2368:
2359:
2353:(5): 225–29.
2350:
2346:
2340:
2320:
2316:Eliot, T. S.
2311:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2220:open content
2213:
2201:
2153:
2144:
2131:
2122:
2108:
2076:. Retrieved
2067:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2031:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
1992:
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1958:
1951:
1931:
1926:
1917:
1898:
1886:
1869:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1693:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1646:
1640:
1629:
1615:
1612:
1582:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1473:
1459:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1400:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:Latin poetry
1279:
1235:
1211:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1185:
1173:
1171:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1105:
1090:King Evander
1060:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1003:
998:
986:
966:
964:
945:
939:
925:
923:
915:
898:
883:
878:
876:
865:
850:
847:Laus Italiae
846:
844:
825:
823:
816:
804:
802:
795:
789:
784:
781:Varius Rufus
771:
763:
761:
752:
713:
694:
672:
667:
663:
658:
656:
651:
647:
643:
638:
634:
630:
597:
593:
587:
585:
580:
576:
559:
550:
546:
540:
526:
480:
460:
458:
442:
419:
400:
390:, Rome, and
371:Italy proper
352:
333:
319:ancient Rome
310:
296:
286:
279:
273:
264:
260:
254:
245:poet of the
201:
197:
181:
180:
171:
165:
159:
104:Roman Empire
40:
7026:Les Troyens
6955:discography
6780:Aposiopesis
6583:Manuscripts
6572:Les Troyens
6452:(1729 poem)
6449:The Dunciad
6434: 1593
6421:(1160 poem)
6368:The Avenger
6360:Film and TV
6302:Neoptolemus
6119:Phoenicians
5686:Geographers
5370:Dioscorides
5350:Cassius Dio
4972:Cassiodorus
4875:Renaissance
4481:Agriculture
4453:Auxiliaries
4394:Engineering
4231:Magistrates
4083:Citizenship
4078:Mos maiorum
4013:Late Empire
3647:Manuscripts
3449:ThoughtCast
3336:Suetonius:
3187:John Dryden
2819:23 November
2785:23 November
2751:23 November
2700:11 November
2666:11 November
2603:11 November
2132:gottwein.de
2068:www.pbs.org
2048:23 November
1975:23 November
1776:Middle Ages
1722:pilgrimages
1712:, near the
1706:Piedigrotta
1585:Middle Ages
1533:along with
1445:Middle Ages
1162:Mark Antony
932:T. S. Eliot
471:Early works
415:Roman miles
369:, added to
132:Epic poetry
118:Nationality
7193:Epic poets
7142:Categories
7079:Simple Man
6911:Characters
6411: 828
6395:Literature
5940:Antiphates
5935:Andromache
5820:Characters
5575:Mediolanum
5515:Alexandria
5480:Themistius
5445:Porphyrius
5272:Tertullian
5207:Quintilian
5197:Propertius
5092:Lactantius
5042:Fulgentius
4977:Censorinus
4799:Sanitation
4784:Metallurgy
4741:Technology
4706:Demography
4654:Patricians
4621:Spectacles
4579:Literature
4574:Hairstyles
4411:Technology
4161:Praefectus
4113:Government
4103:Litigation
4088:Auctoritas
4033:Centuriate
3920:Principate
3915:Pax Romana
3875:Foundation
3708:Portrayals
3639:(spurious)
3467:, read by
3392:Commentary
2937:60:33–66.
2885:47:11–28.
2867:July 1915.
2572:0136235964
2331:. London:
1857:References
1744:had shown
1714:Mergellina
1673:fferyllydd
1643:divination
1409:Calabrians
1376:Saturnalia
1276:, Tunisia)
1274:Hadrumetum
1220:Brundisium
1056:Underworld
971:Propertius
952:Trojan War
894:in 31 BC.
707:Nemesianus
606:Theocritus
547:Catalepton
535:school of
528:Catalepton
388:Mediolanum
380:equestrian
269:, and the
110:Occupation
96:Brundisium
7048:(c. 1593)
6716:(1660–65)
6297:Mezentius
6232:Cydonians
6202:Aventinus
6197:Automedon
6192:Androgeus
6105:Thymoetes
6095:Sergestus
6060:Palinurus
6045:Mnestheus
6020:Hippocoon
5990:Deiphobus
5970:Corynaeus
5960:Cassandra
5884:Tiberinus
5731:Quaestors
5661:Empresses
5651:Dynasties
5641:Dictators
5616:and other
5605:Volubilis
5600:Vindobona
5560:Londinium
5485:Theodoret
5455:Procopius
5435:Polyaenus
5410:Pausanias
5312:Vitruvius
5257:Symmachus
5252:Suetonius
5162:Petronius
5147:Obsequens
5112:Macrobius
5107:Lucretius
5032:Frontinus
5007:Eutropius
4992:Columella
4942:Augustine
4932:Appuleius
4880:Neo-Latin
4855:Classical
4846:Versions
4754:Aqueducts
4696:Patronage
4616:Sexuality
4589:Mythology
4564:Education
4554:Cosmetics
4379:Campaigns
4374:Structure
4327:Decemviri
4186:Imperator
3885:overthrow
3781:Wikiquote
3439:Interview
3330:Biography
3074:By Virgil
3021:Syson, A.
2928:Routledge
2475:560532077
2258:cite book
2189:. 1967. "
2078:8 January
1943:Citations
1795:Messianic
1764:Virgilius
1746:Vergilius
1742:Poliziano
1738:Virgilius
1734:Vergilius
1608:engraving
1515:Purgatory
1270:Melpomene
1252:Antiquity
1146:teleology
1075:Rutulians
888:Cleopatra
857:Aristaeus
624:(42 BC),
614:assassins
533:Epicurean
503:astronomy
493:to study
438:Calvisano
376:Macrobius
340:Suetonius
307:Purgatory
6672:Quos ego
6627:Ad astra
6379:(1971–2)
6287:Messapus
6252:Halaesus
6237:Diomedes
6217:Catillus
6146:Mattan I
6110:Ucalegon
6070:Panthous
6065:Pandarus
6025:Ilioneus
6005:Euryalus
6000:Entellus
5980:Dardanus
5945:Ascanius
5930:Anchises
5839:Crinisus
5736:Tribunes
5726:Praetors
5676:Generals
5656:Emperors
5565:Lugdunum
5550:Eboracum
5540:Carthage
5525:Aquileia
5440:Polybius
5430:Plutarch
5400:Libanius
5390:Josephus
5385:Herodian
5277:Tibullus
5192:Priscian
5167:Phaedrus
5127:Manilius
5072:Jordanes
5057:Hydatius
4987:Claudian
4967:Catullus
4957:Boëthius
4952:Ausonius
4870:Medieval
4842:Alphabet
4814:Theatres
4789:Numerals
4774:Concrete
4764:Circuses
4731:Bagaudae
4721:Adoption
4716:Marriage
4689:Assembly
4594:Religion
4569:Folklore
4549:Clothing
4544:Calendar
4501:Currency
4491:Commerce
4389:Strategy
4351:Military
4337:Triumvir
4317:Dictator
4312:Interrex
4291:Governor
4276:Quaestor
4239:Ordinary
4221:Province
4211:Tetrarch
4201:Augustus
4166:Vicarius
4156:Officium
4093:Imperium
4043:Plebeian
4003:Republic
3925:Dominate
3892:Republic
3853:Timeline
3622:Georgics
3574:Eclogues
3514:Archived
3481:Archived
3474:SORGLL:
3461:Archived
3454:SORGLL:
3444:Georgics
3381:Archived
3274:Georgics
3270:Eclogues
3239:Georgics
3235:Eclogues
3212:Georgics
3208:Eclogues
3168:Georgics
3162:Eclogues
3136:LibriVox
2943:43185985
2891:41587251
2558:. 1985.
2325:Archived
2194:Archived
2162:Archived
2136:Archived
2072:Archived
2008:Archived
1907:Archived
1879:Posilipo
1805:See also
1718:Pozzuoli
1669:Pheryllt
1665:Fferyllt
1657:magician
1484:Dante's
1435:and the
1290:Georgics
1286:Eclogues
1160:against
1044:Anchises
1027:Carthage
975:Augustus
954:, named
884:Georgics
879:Georgics
872:Augustus
852:epyllion
826:Georgics
809:didactic
805:Georgics
797:Georgics
768:Maecenas
764:Eclogues
753:Georgics
738:Maecenas
721:Georgics
714:Georgics
695:Eclogues
659:Eclogues
657:The ten
639:Eclogues
635:Eclogues
631:Eclogues
626:Octavian
598:Eclogues
594:Bucolics
589:Eclogues
577:Eclogues
567:Eclogues
560:Eclogues
519:Catullus
509:writers
507:neoteric
499:medicine
495:rhetoric
450:Matronae
396:rhetoric
266:Georgics
261:Bucolics
256:Eclogues
167:Georgics
161:Eclogues
7107:Related
6836:Odyssey
6816:Eneados
6804:Related
6700:(25 BC)
6619:Phrases
6465:Lavinia
6384:Eneyida
6347:Venulus
6292:Metabus
6277:Lavinia
6267:Latinus
6262:Juturna
6222:Clytius
6212:Camilla
6167:Acestes
6126:Acerbas
6090:Ripheus
6080:Polites
6055:Ornytus
6040:Misenus
6030:Laocoön
6015:Helenus
5965:Clonius
5910:Aeneads
5905:Achates
5898:Trojans
5874:Mercury
5864:Jupiter
5827:Deities
5814:(19 BC)
5706:Legions
5666:Fiction
5636:Consuls
5631:Climate
5585:Ravenna
5580:Pompeii
5570:Lutetia
5535:Bononia
5530:Berytus
5520:Antioch
5495:Zosimus
5490:Zonaras
5465:Sozomen
5450:Priscus
5425:Photius
5267:Terence
5262:Tacitus
5247:Statius
5232:Servius
5217:Sallust
5172:Plautus
5152:Orosius
5132:Martial
5087:Juvenal
5062:Hyginus
5047:Gellius
4906:Writers
4837:History
4819:Thermae
4809:Temples
4759:Bridges
4726:Slavery
4674:Equites
4646:Society
4626:Theatre
4599:Deities
4559:Cuisine
4539:Bathing
4521:Culture
4496:Finance
4473:Economy
4364:Borders
4359:History
4261:Tribune
4256:Praetor
4146:Legatus
4141:Emperor
4028:Curiate
3998:Kingdom
3993:History
3969:History
3952:decline
3910:History
3880:Kingdom
3863:History
3848:Outline
3769:Commons
3682:Eclogue
3419:in the
3149:at the
3125:at the
3008:Ashgate
2442:. 3.7.8
2418:3287376
2390:(ed.).
2297:Satires
2218:and is
2216:Nupedia
2014:15 July
1875:epitaph
1790:Eclogue
1788:fourth
1616:Eclogue
1604:woodcut
1602:made a
1579:Legends
1569:Berlioz
1543:Statius
1517:in the
1385:Donatus
1381:Servius
1371:Hadrian
1333:Thebaid
1329:Statius
1178:Octavia
1127:Aeneid
1102:Camilla
1082:Allecto
1067:Latinus
1063:Lavinia
1042:father
1039:Jupiter
1009:Odyssey
947:Odyssey
890:at the
868:Servius
861:Orpheus
699:Arcadia
687:Silenus
683:Daphnis
673:Eclogue
620:in the
602:bucolic
523:Servius
483:Cremona
454:Munatia
448:to the
384:Cremona
357:, near
348:Donatus
344:Servius
263:), the
7148:Virgil
7120:Amelia
7065:(1160)
7056:Poetry
6940:Didone
6932:Operas
6923:Aeneas
6903:Aeneid
6898:Virgil
6844:Aeneid
6828:Aeneid
6740:(1834)
6732:(1815)
6724:(1689)
6708:(1619)
6484:Didone
6457:Eneida
6441:Amelia
6387:(1991)
6376:Eneide
6371:(1962)
6332:Turnus
6322:Salius
6317:Rutuli
6307:Pallas
6272:Lausus
6257:Iarbas
6242:Erulus
6160:Others
6100:Theano
5995:Elymus
5975:Creusa
5950:Caieta
5925:Aletes
5920:Aeolus
5915:Aeneas
5879:Saturn
5849:Hecate
5834:Alecto
5811:Aeneid
5806:Virgil
5716:Nomina
5701:Legacy
5681:Gentes
5618:topics
5614:Lists
5595:Smyrna
5475:Strabo
5405:Lucian
5395:Julian
5345:Arrian
5340:Appian
5330:Aelian
5307:Vergil
5082:Justin
5067:Jerome
5052:Horace
5037:Fronto
5027:Florus
5002:Ennius
4982:Cicero
4962:Caesar
4860:Vulgar
4684:Tribes
4611:Romans
4421:Legion
4404:castra
4281:Aedile
4251:Censor
4246:Consul
4206:Caesar
4176:Lictor
4098:Status
4038:Tribal
4018:Senate
4008:Empire
3902:Empire
3838:topics
3629:Aeneid
3559:Virgil
3510:Aeneid
3476:Aeneid
3456:Aeneid
3417:Aeneid
3407:Aeneid
3405:A new
3284:Virgil
3278:Aeneid
3276:, and
3245:, 1934
3229:Aeneid
3204:Aeneid
3189:, 1697
3176:Aeneid
3165:, and
3157:Aeneid
3047:Virgil
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1757:Virgil
1753:Vergil
1710:Naples
1653:Naples
1565:Aeneid
1502:, 1525
1474:Aeneid
1429:, the
1413:Naples
1405:Mantua
1349:Punica
1337:Aeneid
1308:Amores
1303:Aeneid
1294:Aeneid
1284:. The
1272:(from
1236:Aeneid
1216:Megara
1212:Aeneid
1208:Achaea
1197:Aeneid
1174:Aeneid
1158:Actium
1150:Aeneid
1141:Aeneid
1115:Aeneid
1106:Aeneid
1098:Pallas
1071:Turnus
1004:Aeneid
999:Aeneid
991:Ennius
987:Aeneid
983:Aeneas
967:Aeneid
956:Aeneas
927:Aeneid
917:pietas
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899:Aeneid
813:Hesiod
785:Aeneid
777:Horace
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730:Horace
670:. 3).
511:Pollio
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275:Aeneid
253:: the
202:Vergil
198:Virgil
173:Aeneid
61:Naples
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7037:Plays
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6970:Didon
6832:Iliad
6773:Study
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6556:Didon
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6436:play)
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6282:Macar
6227:Cydon
6207:Butes
6187:Amata
6177:Actor
6136:Belus
6085:Priam
6075:Paris
6050:Nisus
6035:Mimas
5955:Capys
5889:Venus
5854:Hymen
5844:Cupid
5380:Galen
5322:Greek
5292:Varro
5102:Lucan
4914:Latin
4829:Latin
4804:Ships
4794:Roads
4779:Domes
4711:Women
4659:Plebs
4584:Music
4126:Forum
4121:Curia
3566:Works
3292:Somni
2939:JSTOR
2887:JSTOR
2414:JSTOR
2386:. In
1885:read
1881:near
1862:Notes
1784:virgo
1780:virg-
1772:uirga
1768:virg-
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1319:Lucan
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936:Homer
755:, by
740:, by
637:. In
552:Culex
515:Cinna
487:Milan
461:Andes
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293:Dante
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122:Roman
100:Italy
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6834:and
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5696:Laws
5671:Film
5590:Roma
5157:Ovid
5097:Livy
4865:Late
4679:Gens
4636:Wine
4448:Navy
4416:Army
4055:SPQR
3957:fall
3935:fall
3237:and
2962:ISBN
2821:2016
2808:ISBN
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2753:2016
2740:ISBN
2702:2013
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2605:2013
2592:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2528:ISBN
2471:OCLC
2303:Odes
2264:link
2206:ISBN
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2050:2016
2037:ISBN
2016:2021
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1035:Troy
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924:The
592:(or
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491:Rome
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