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The constitutional complaint was originally codified in federal law (BVerfGG §§ 90 et seq.) and was not initially guaranteed by the constitution itself. It was incorporated into the constitution in 1969 as a political bargain. The constitution was then controversially amended to allow the declaration
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Further, the complaint must be submitted in written form, and the case must be argued, with appropriate evidence attached. The action or omission by which the complainant alleges their rights have been violated must be specified, as well as the specific right that is alleged to have been violated.
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to regular remedies, especially appeals to higher courts, which means two things. In the first place, the appellants must have exhausted all other possible remedies, including, if appropriate, a complaint on the procedural grounds of not being judicially heard (for instance, a violation of
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Standing is virtually always given when there is a court judgment or administrative order against the complainant. Violations of constitutional rights by a law are also actionable, but most laws are not self-executing and therefore fail the immediacy requirement.
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In the business year 2018, the Court recorded 5678 constitutional complaints filed, of which only 92 were granted relief, in total. Such relief may even extend, however, to voiding the statute found unconstitutional.
138:) to do so. They must allege that one of their Basic Rights or equivalent rights (see the enumeration above) has been violated by an action or omission of German state power. That includes acts carried out by any
116:) found in GG articles 1-19, as well as rights considered equivalent (Art. 33, 38, 101, 103 or 104, GG; also, Art. 20, para. 4, GG), like the right to stand for election or to be heard by a judge.
191:). Secondly, the complainant must have already raised the issue of the violation while in the course of their other remedies and so many complaints are dismissed as inadmissible.
187:). Therefore, constitutional complaints are in practice mostly directed against judicial acts, not acts of the executive (which can still be contested before the
100:. It was felt that the constitutional complaint remedy had to be enshrined in the constitution to prevent its abolition by a simple repeal of the BVerfGG.
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and they must be affected directly, that is, there are no intermediate acts that need to be taken before the complainant is legally affected (immediacy).
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Complaints against a law must be lodged within one year after it comes into force. and those against other acts must be filed within one month after
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127:. However, constitutional rights apply to legal persons only insofar as they can be sensibly applied to them (Art. 19, para. 3, GG).
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Art. 93, para. 1, no. 4a of the Basic Law enumerates the rights that may be the subject of a constitutional complaint. These are the
82:(abbreviated BVerfGG), which is the law establishing the Federal Constitutional Court itself, pursuant to GG art. 93, para. 2.
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Sec. 95, para. 3, sentence 1, Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz - enacted pursuant to Art. 94, para. 2, sentence 1, GG.
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A constitutional complaint is admissible only if complainants, at the time of filing, have the
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Refer to sec. 90 et seq., BVerfGG - available in
English at Gesetze im Internet.de,
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agencies, which are not part of the German state), and any function of government (
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https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_bverfgg/englisch_bverfgg.html#p0400
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https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html#p0520
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Art. 93, GG - available in
English via Gesetze im Internet.de at
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As an extraordinary remedy the constitutional complaint is
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391:Hillgruber, Christian; Goos, Christoph (2020).
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164:affect the complainant themselves;
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104:Admissibility of complaints
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395:. Heidelberg: C.F. Müller.
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312:Hillgruber & Goos 2020
300:Hillgruber & Goos 2020
410:German constitutional law
266:Sec. 23 para. 1, BVerfGG.
302:, at paras. 108 and 116.
32:constitutional complaint
393:Verfassungsprozessrecht
27:Legal remedy in Germany
45:) is an extraordinary
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209:Verfassungsbeschwerde
189:administrative courts
55:constitutional rights
42:Verfassungsbeschwerde
18:Verfassungsbeschwerde
185:audi alteram partem
140:level of government
93:Notstandsverfassung
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221:References
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148:executive
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152:judicial
385:Sources
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36:German
86:of a
207:The
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