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509:, holds the last breeding population of velvet scoters in the Caucasus. Studies into this population in 2017-2018 found 25-35 pairs at the lake, with substantially fewer nesting. Competition for nesting locations, predation on velvet scoters by gulls, and disturbance by fishing activities were identified as contributing factors to reproductivity rates that were considered as "poor".
450:
The velvet scoter is 51–56 cm (20–22 in) in length and has a wingspan of 90–99 cm (35–39 in). It is a relatively large sea duck with a thick neck, a long broad bill and a pointed tail. The plumage of the male is glossy black with large white wing patches and small white patches
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which measure 72 mm × 48 mm (2.8 in × 1.9 in). Beginning after the last egg is laid, they are incubated for 27-28 days by the female. The eggs are covered with down when the female is off the nest. The young are
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behind the eye. The bill is partly orange. The female is similar to the male but lacks the gloss on the feathers and is duller and browner.
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Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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and feed themselves. They are cared for by the female and become independent after 30-40 days. They first breed when aged two years.
534:. The nest is built by the female and is placed in thick vegetation and is well concealed. The clutch is typically 7–9 creamy white
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as
European seas but restricted this to the Swedish coast in 1761. The velvet scoter is now one of six species placed in the genus
1292:
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Carboneras, C.; Kirwan, G.M.; Sharpe, C.J. (2020). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.).
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Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic
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681:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 494.
701:(in Latin) (2nd ed.). Stockholmiae: Sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 39.
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on suitable coastal waters. These are tightly packed, and the birds tend to take off together.
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Fauna svecica, sistens animalia sveciae regni mammalia, aves amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes
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658:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 123.
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948:. Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird. 10 August 2023
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983:. Vol. I: Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 644–650.
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Agreement on the
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meaning "dusky", "black" or "brown". The species is considered to be
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is built on the ground close to the sea, lakes or rivers, in
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895:"Research and conservation of the velvet scoter in Georgia"
871:"Research and conservation of the velvet scoter in Georgia"
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790:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
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that was introduced in 1822 by the German zoologist
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628:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22724836A183801134.en
459:They breed in northern Europe, from Norway to the
571:The velvet scoter is listed as Vulnerable by the
403:The velvet scooter was formerly considered to be
1455:
832:. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
575:(IUCN). It is one of the species to which the
573:International Union for Conservation of Nature
423:) of eastern Siberia and northwest Mongolia.
753:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
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787:"Family Anatidae (Ducks, Geese and Swans)"
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305:basin. The genus name is derived from
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755:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
732:. International Ornithologists' Union
726:"Screamers, ducks, geese & swans"
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675:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
381:meaning "duck". The specific epithet
316:"duck". The species name is from the
293:, which breeds over the far north of
1246:fc98acb2-d5ab-464a-a9b0-cbdfc92b3f70
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614:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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792:Handbook of the Birds of the World
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335:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
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943:"AEWA Agreement and Text Annexes"
899:Conservation Leadership Programme
875:Conservation Leadership Programme
1464:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
730:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
678:Check-List of Birds of the World
441:Composite image of velvet scoter
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370:. The genus name combines the
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1484:Birds of Georgia (country)
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621:: e.T22724836A183801134.
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89:Scientific classification
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1494:Birds described in 1758
784:Carboneras, C. (1992).
415:) of North America and
838:10.2173/bow.whwsco3.01
442:
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331:The velvet scoter was
1384:Paleobiology Database
1371:Paleobiology Database
440:
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1474:Birds of Scandinavia
1241:Fauna Europaea (new)
555:This duck dives for
421:Melanitta stejnegeri
377:meaning "black" and
1489:Birds of Azerbaijan
932:, pp. 646–647.
567:Conservation status
409:white-winged scoter
271:Linnaeus, 1758
59:Conservation status
830:Birds of the World
720:; Donsker, David;
503:Samtskhe-Javakheti
443:
435:
417:Stejneger's scoter
413:Melanitta deglandi
333:formally described
253: Non-breeding
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1018:Taxon identifiers
990:978-0-19-857358-6
770:978-1-4081-2501-4
722:Rasmussen, Pamela
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1397:SeaLifeBase
1267:iNaturalist
1050:Wikispecies
718:Gill, Frank
673:Mayr, Ernst
634:12 November
583:) applies.
557:crustaceans
489:Caspian Sea
446:Description
405:conspecific
1458:Categories
1436:Xeno-canto
930:Cramp 1977
918:Cramp 1977
904:2023-09-09
880:2023-09-09
858:Cramp 1977
587:References
545:nidifugous
522:The lined
465:Kazakhstan
398:subspecies
354:Anas fusca
349:under the
299:Palearctic
268:Anas fusca
174:Subgenus:
74:Vulnerable
1469:Melanitta
541:precocial
513:Behaviour
473:temperate
407:with the
394:monotypic
363:Melanitta
239:Range of
186:Species:
179:Melanitta
167:Melanitta
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
1311:22724836
1285:10193185
1194:45513549
1106:22724836
1101:BirdLife
1090:BioLib:
1035:Wikidata
695:(1761).
652:(1758).
561:molluscs
528:woodland
518:Breeding
385:is from
327:Taxonomy
297:and the
291:sea duck
260:Synonyms
241:M. fusca
218:Linnaeus
156:Anatidae
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
1259:2498238
1142:bob2151
1078:Avibase
1041:Q201300
965:Sources
952:15 June
843:15 June
736:15 June
507:Georgia
475:zones,
469:winters
343:of his
339:in the
303:Yenisey
162:Genus:
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
52:Female
1428:137072
1389:335300
1376:368045
1363:137072
1337:371864
1298:175163
1272:850858
1215:EURING
1181:whwsco
1129:whwsco
1008:, RSPB
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532:tundra
493:flocks
477:Europe
390:fuscus
321:fuscus
295:Europe
251:
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1423:WoRMS
1415:10247
1402:73609
1280:IRMNG
1233:96538
1202:EUNIS
1176:eBird
1155:3Z83B
1126:BOW:
1119:10119
946:(PDF)
485:Black
467:. It
396:: no
387:Latin
383:fusca
379:netta
375:melas
318:Latin
314:netta
310:melas
38:Male
1358:OBIS
1332:NCBI
1306:IUCN
1293:ITIS
1254:GBIF
1220:2150
1207:1134
1114:BOLD
1093:8485
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636:2021
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581:AEWA
559:and
543:and
536:eggs
524:nest
487:and
279:The
222:1758
136:Aves
1410:TSA
1350:258
1319:NBN
1189:EoL
1163:CMS
1150:CoL
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