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According to these scientists "reptilian oral secretions contribute to many biological roles other than to quickly dispatch prey." These researchers concluded that, "Calling all in this clade venomous implies an overall potential danger that does not exist, misleads in the assessment of medical risks, and confuses the biological assessment of squamate biochemical systems." Evolutionary biologist
Schwenk says that even if the lizards have venom-like proteins in their mouths they may be using them for a different function, and he doubts venom is necessary to explain the effect of a Komodo dragon bite, arguing that shock and blood loss are the primary factors.
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746:, a light-sensing organ on the top of the head. Where lizards typically have one or two varying patterns or shapes of osteoderms, komodos have four: rosette, platy, dendritic, and vermiform. This rugged hide makes Komodo dragon skin a poor source of leather. Additionally, these osteoderms become more extensive and variable in shape as the Komodo dragon ages, ossifying more extensively as the lizard grows. These osteoderms are absent in hatchlings and juveniles, indicating that the natural armor develops as a product of age and competition between adults for protection in intraspecific combat over food and mates.
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132:
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vegetable contents of a prey animal's stomach and intestines are typically avoided. Copious amounts of red saliva the Komodo dragons produce help to lubricate the food, but swallowing is still a long process (15β20 minutes to swallow a goat). A Komodo dragon may attempt to speed up the process by ramming the carcass against a tree to force it down its throat, sometimes ramming so forcefully that the tree is knocked down. A small tube under the tongue that connects to the lungs allows it to breathe while swallowing.
1066:
good mouth hygiene. To quote Bryan Fry: "After they are done feeding, they will spend 10 to 15 minutes lip-licking and rubbing their head in the leaves to clean their mouth ... Unlike people have been led to believe, they do not have chunks of rotting flesh from their meals on their teeth, cultivating bacteria." They do have a slashing bite, which normally includes a dose of their neurotoxin venom and anticoagulant saliva. Komodo dragons do not wait for prey to die and track it at a distance, as
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707:, an average adult male will weigh 79 to 91 kg (174 to 201 lb) and measure 2.59 m (8.5 ft), while an average female will weigh 68 to 73 kg (150 to 161 lb) and measure 2.29 m (7.5 ft). The largest verified specimen in captivity was 3.13 m (10 ft 3 in) long and weighed 166 kg (366 lb), including its undigested food. The largest wild specimen had a length 3.04 m (10 ft), a
715:
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1224:), 20% on ground level and 20% in hilly areas. The females make many camouflage nests/holes to prevent other dragons from eating the eggs. Nests typically house one female, however a study found evidence of two females occasionally occupying the same den. Clutches contain an average of 20 eggs, which have an incubation period of 7β8 months. Hatching is an exhausting effort for the neonates, which break out of their eggshells with an
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their mouth, hissing, and swinging their tail. If they are disturbed further, they may attack and bite. Although there are anecdotes of unprovoked Komodo dragons attacking or preying on humans, most of these reports are either not reputable or have subsequently been interpreted as defensive bites. Only very few cases are truly the result of unprovoked attacks by atypical individuals who lost their fear of humans.
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1176:. The known functions of these proteins include inhibition of blood clotting, lowering of blood pressure, muscle paralysis, and the induction of hypothermia, leading to shock and loss of consciousness in envenomated prey. As a result of the discovery, the previous theory that bacteria were responsible for the deaths of Komodo victims was disputed.
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1950s and 1960s, when studies examined the Komodo dragon's feeding behavior, reproduction, and body temperature. At around this time, an expedition was planned in which a long-term study of the Komodo dragon would be undertaken. This task was given to the
Auffenberg family, who stayed on Komodo Island for 11 months in 1969. During their stay,
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1450:(the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), commercial international trade of Komodo dragon skins or specimens is prohibited. Despite this, there are occasional reports of illegal attempts to trade in live Komodo dragons. The most recent attempt was in March 2019, when Indonesian police in the
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morning after. The Komodo dragon stays in the shade during the hottest part of the day and hunts in the afternoon. These special resting places, usually located on ridges with cool sea breezes, are marked with droppings and are cleared of vegetation. They serve as strategic locations from which to ambush deer.
1435:, which can affect the low-lying habitats and valleys that the Komodo dragon depends on, as Komodo dragons do not range into the higher-altitude regions of the islands they inhabit. Based on projections, climate change will lead to a decline in suitable habitat of 8.4%, 30.2%, or 71% by 2050 depending on the
711:(SVL) 1.54 m (5 ft 1 in) and a mass of 81.5 kg (180 lb) excluding stomach contents. The heaviest reached a mass of 87.4 kg (193 lb). The study noted that weights greater than 100 kg (220 lb) were possible but only after the animal had consumed a large meal.
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In 2013, the total population of Komodo dragons in the wild was assessed as 3,222 individuals, declining to 3,092 in 2014 and 3,014 in 2015. Populations remained relatively stable on the bigger islands (Komodo and Rinca), but decreased on smaller islands, such as Nusa Kode and Gili Motang, likely due
1415:
Komodo dragons generally avoid encounters with humans. Juveniles are very shy and will flee quickly into a hideout if a human comes closer than about 100 metres (330 ft). Older animals will also retreat from humans from a shorter distance away. If cornered, they may react aggressively by gaping
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A variety of behaviors have been observed from captive specimens. Most individuals become relatively tame within a short time, and are capable of recognising individual humans and discriminating between familiar and unfamiliar keepers. Komodo dragons have also been observed to engage in play with a
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Young Komodo dragons spend much of their first few years in trees, where they are relatively safe from predators, including cannibalistic adults, as juvenile dragons make up 10% of their diets. The habit of cannibalism may be advantageous in sustaining the large size of adults, as medium-sized prey
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and resist with their claws and teeth during the early phases of courtship. Therefore, the male must fully restrain the female during coitus to avoid being hurt. Other courtship displays include males rubbing their chins on the female, hard scratches to the back, and licking. Copulation occurs when
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Although previous studies proposed that Komodo dragon saliva contains a variety of highly septic bacteria that would help to bring down prey, research in 2013 suggested that the bacteria in the mouths of Komodo dragons are ordinary and similar to those found in other carnivores. Komodo dragons have
1036:. Occasionally, they attack and bite humans. Sometimes they consume human corpses, digging up bodies from shallow graves. This habit of raiding graves caused the villagers of Komodo to move their graves from sandy to clay ground, and pile rocks on top of them, to deter the lizards. Dwarf species of
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Komodo dragons do not deliberately allow the prey to escape with fatal injuries but try to kill prey outright using a combination of lacerating damage and blood loss. They have been recorded as killing wild pigs within seconds, and observations of Komodo dragons tracking prey for long distances are
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in
Indonesia has been breeding Komodo dragons since 1990 and had 134 dragons in 2022, the largest collection outside its natural habitat. As of May 2009, there were 35 North American, 13 European, one Singaporean, two African, and two Australian institutions which housed captive Komodo dragons. In
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that falls off before long. After cutting themselves out, the hatchlings may lie in their eggshells for hours before starting to dig out of the nest. They are born quite defenseless and are vulnerable to predation. Sixteen youngsters from a single nest were on average 46.5 cm long and weighed
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For shelter, the Komodo dragon digs holes that can measure from 1 to 3 m (3.3 to 9.8 ft) wide with its powerful forelimbs and claws. Because of its large size and habit of sleeping in these burrows, it is able to conserve body heat throughout the night and minimise its basking period the
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failing. When a female Komodo dragon (with ZW sex chromosomes) reproduces in this manner, she provides her progeny with only one chromosome from each of her pairs of chromosomes, including only one of her two sex chromosomes. This single set of chromosomes is duplicated in the egg, which develops
999:
After eating up to 80% of its body weight in one meal, it drags itself to a sunny location to speed digestion, as the food could rot and poison the dragon if left undigested in its stomach for too long. Because of their slow metabolism, large dragons can survive on as few as 12 meals a year.
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occurs between May and August, with the eggs laid in
September. During this period, males fight over females and territory by grappling with one another upon their hind legs, with the loser eventually being pinned to the ground. These males may vomit or defecate when preparing for the fight. The
988:. They are carnivores; although they have been considered as eating mostly carrion, they will frequently ambush live prey with a stealthy approach. When suitable prey arrives near a dragon's ambush site, it will suddenly charge at the animal at high speeds and go for the underside or the throat.
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The Dutch island administration, realizing the limited number of individuals in the wild, soon outlawed sport hunting and heavily limited the number of individuals taken for scientific study. Collecting expeditions ground to a halt with the occurrence of World War II, not resuming until the
1527:
Komodo dragons have long been sought-after zoo attractions, where their size and reputation make them popular exhibits. They are, however, rare in zoos because they are susceptible to infection and parasitic disease if captured from the wild, and do not readily reproduce in captivity. A pair of
1015:
The eating habits of Komodo dragons follow a hierarchy, with the larger animals generally eating before the smaller ones. The largest male typically asserts his dominance and the smaller males show their submission by use of body language and rumbling hisses. Dragons of equal size may resort to
2859:
LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.; Morrell, Alexander P.; Sirovica, Slobodan; Al-Jawad, Maisoon; Labonte, David; DβAmore, Domenic C.; Clemente, Christofer; Wang, Siyang; Giuliani, Finn; McGilvery, Catriona M.; Pittman, Michael; Kaye, Thomas G.; Stevenson, Colin; Capon, Joe; Tapley, Benjamin (24 July 2024).
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Komodo dragons eat by tearing large chunks of flesh and swallowing them whole while holding the carcass down with their forelegs. For smaller prey up to the size of a goat, their loosely articulated jaws, flexible skulls, and expandable stomachs allow them to swallow prey whole. The undigested
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Other scientists have stated that this allegation of venom glands "has had the effect of underestimating the variety of complex roles played by oral secretions in the biology of reptiles, produced a very narrow view of oral secretions and resulted in misinterpretation of reptilian evolution."
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Goldstein, Ellie J. C.; Tyrrell, Kerin L.; Citron, Diane M.; Cox, Cathleen R.; Recchio, Ian M.; Okimoto, Ben; Bryja, Judith; Fry, Bryan G. (June 2013). "Anaerobic and aerobic bacteriology of the saliva and gingiva from 16 captive Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis): new implications for the
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after being invited in by its keeper. Bronstein was bitten on his bare foot, as the keeper had told him to take off his white shoes and socks, which the keeper stated could potentially excite the Komodo dragon as they were the same colour as the white rats the zoo fed the dragon. Although he
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produce male offspring, thereby establishing a sexually reproducing population (via reproduction with her offspring that can result in both male and female young). Despite the advantages of such an adaptation, zoos are cautioned that parthenogenesis may be detrimental to genetic diversity.
1540:, but it lived for only two years. More attempts to exhibit Komodo dragons were made, but the lifespan of the animals in captivity at the time proved very short, averaging five years in the National Zoological Park. Studies were done by Walter Auffenberg, which were documented in his book
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activity. Komodo dragons are solitary, coming together only to breed and eat. They are capable of running rapidly in brief sprints up to 20 km/h (12 mph), diving up to 4.5 m (15 ft), and climbing trees proficiently when young through use of their strong claws. To catch
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reported that a criminal network had been caught trying to smuggle 41 young Komodo dragons out of
Indonesia. The plan was said to include shipping the animals to several other countries in Southeast Asia through Singapore. It was hoped that the animals could be sold for up to 500 million
1286:
in
England performed genetic tests on three eggs that collapsed after being moved to an incubator, and verified Flora had never been in physical contact with a male dragon. After Flora's eggs' condition had been discovered, testing showed Sungai's eggs were also produced without outside
1512:
538:
Research from the
Auffenberg expedition proved enormously influential in raising Komodo dragons in captivity. Research after that of the Auffenberg family has shed more light on the nature of the Komodo dragon, with biologists such as Claudio Ciofi continuing to study the creatures.
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in Komodo dragons. The zoo has two adult female Komodo dragons, one of which laid about 17 eggs on 19β20 May 2007. Only two eggs were incubated and hatched due to space issues; the first hatched on 31 January 2008, while the second hatched on 1 February. Both hatchlings were males.
2512:
van den Bergh, Gerrit D.; Alloway, Brent V.; Storey, Michael; Setiawan, Ruly; Yurnaldi, Dida; Kurniawan, Iwan; Moore, Mark W.; Jatmiko; Brumm, Adam; Flude, Stephanie; Sutikna, Thomas; Setiyabudi, Erick; Prasetyo, Unggul W.; Puspaningrum, Mika R.; Yoga, Ifan (October 2022).
1077:, who are not native to the islands where the Komodo dragon lives, to run into water after escaping an attack. The warm, faeces-filled water would then cause the infections. The study used samples from 16 captive dragons (10 adults and six neonates) from three US zoos.
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on the islands is rare. When the young approach a kill, they roll around in faecal matter and rest in the intestines of eviscerated animals to deter these hungry adults. Komodo dragons take approximately 8 to 9 years to mature, and may live for up to 30 years.
842:
442:
Komodo dragons were first recorded by
Western scientists in 1910. Their large size and fearsome reputation make them popular zoo exhibits. In the wild, their range has been reduced by human encroachment and is likely to contract further from the effects of
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After digestion, the Komodo dragon regurgitates a mass of horns, hair, and teeth known as the gastric pellet, which is covered in malodorous mucus. After regurgitating the gastric pellet, it rubs its face in the dirt or on bushes to get rid of the mucus.
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pathogens. Preliminary results of these tests show that DRGN-1 is effective in killing drug-resistant bacterial strains and even some fungi. It has the added observed benefit of significantly promoting wound healing in both uninfected and mixed
906:, rather than using the nostrils. With the help of a favorable wind and its habit of swinging its head from side to side as it walks, a Komodo dragon may be able to detect carrion from 4β9.5 km (2.5β5.9 mi) away. It only has a few
844:
1019:
The Komodo dragon's diet varies depending on stage of growth. Young Komodo dragons will eat insects, birds and bird's eggs and small reptiles, while larger Komodo dragons (typically over 20 kg (44 lb)) prefer large
819:
Teeth are quickly replaced every 40 days, while maintaining up to 5 replacement teeth for each tooth position at any given time. This high rate of replacement and large number of replacement teeth is similar to that of the
434:
nest or in a self-dug nesting hole. The eggs are incubated for seven to eight months, hatching in April, when insects are most plentiful. Young Komodo dragons are vulnerable and dwell in trees to avoid predators, such as
3693:
DβAmore, D. C., Moreno, K., McHenry, C. R., & Wroe, S. (2011). The effects of biting and pulling on the forces generated during feeding in the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis). PloS One, 6(10), e26226βe26226.
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DβAmore, D. C., Moreno, K., McHenry, C. R., & Wroe, S. (2011). The effects of biting and pulling on the forces generated during feeding in the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis). PloS One, 6(10), e26226βe26226.
1439:. Without effective conservation actions, populations on Flores are extirpated in all scenarios, while in the more extreme scenarios, only the populations on Komodo and Rinca persist in highly reduced numbers. Rapid
4600:
Jones, Alice R.; Jessop, Tim S.; Ariefiandy, Achmad; Brook, Barry W.; Brown, Stuart C.; Ciofi, Claudio; Benu, Yunias
Jackson; Purwandana, Deni; Sitorus, Tamen; Wigley, Tom M. L.; Fordham, Damien A. (October 2020).
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likely misinterpreted cases of prey escaping an attack before succumbing to infection. Most prey attacked by a Komodo dragon reputedly suffer from said sepsis and will later be eaten by the same or other lizards.
1510:
1411:
was founded in 1980 to protect Komodo dragon populations on islands including Komodo, Rinca, and Padar. Later, the Wae Wuul and Wolo Tado
Reserves were opened on Flores to aid Komodo dragon conservation.
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out-of-reach prey, the Komodo dragon may stand on its hind legs and use its tail as a support. As it matures, its claws are used primarily as weapons, as its great size makes climbing impractical.
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4035:
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Even seemingly docile dragons may become unpredictably aggressive, especially when the animal's territory is invaded by someone unfamiliar. In June 2001, a Komodo dragon seriously injured
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spanning a 38-year period between 1974 and 2012, there were 24 reported attacks on humans, five of them fatal. Most of the victims were local villagers living around the national park.
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2015:
812:-enriched coatings on their tooth serrations and tips, as an adaptation for maintaining the sharp cutting edges. This feature is also observed to a lesser degree in a few other
2473:
Price, Gilbert J.; Louys, Julien; Cramb, Jonathan; Feng, Yue-xing; Zhao, Jian-xin; Hocknull, Scott A.; Webb, Gregory E.; Nguyen, Ai Duc; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud (October 2015).
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named Sungai laid a clutch of eggs in late 2005 after being separated from male company for more than two years. Scientists initially assumed she had been able to store
1153:) all produced similar effects: rapid swelling, localised disruption of blood clotting, and shooting pain up to the elbow, with some symptoms lasting for several hours.
663:, with the youngest confirmed records of the species in Australia dating to at latest 330,000 years ago. In Australia, it coexisted with the even larger monitor species
722:
The Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body, as well as about 60 frequently replaced, serrated teeth that can measure up to 2.5 cm (1 in) in length. Its
1443:
is crucial for conserving the species in the wild. Other scientists have disputed the conclusions about the effects of climate change on Komodo dragon populations.
1483:, of which the last individuals were seen in 1975. It is widely assumed that the Komodo dragon died out on Padar following a major decline of populations of large
775:
Komodo dragons have ziphodont teeth, which are defined as teeth that are laterally flattened, recurved, and with serrated tooth crowns where the serrations have a
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669:
also known as megalania, the largest terrestrial lizard ever. The oldest records of the Komodo dragon on Flores date to around 1.4 million years ago, during the
4552:
1407:. The species' sensitivity to natural and human-made threats has long been recognized by conservationists, zoological societies, and the Indonesian government.
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by W. Douglas Burden in 1926. After returning with 12 preserved specimens and two live ones, this expedition provided the inspiration for the 1933 movie
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1423:, and illegal poaching of the dragons themselves have all contributed to the vulnerable status of the Komodo dragon. A major future threat to the species is
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Attacks on humans are rare, but Komodo dragons have been responsible for several human fatalities, both in the wild and in captivity. According to data from
2515:"An integrative geochronological framework for the Pleistocene So'a basin (Flores, Indonesia), and its implications for faunal turnover and hominin arrival"
1282:
in England, was the second known Komodo dragon to have laid unfertilised eggs: she laid 11 eggs, and seven of them hatched, all of them male. Scientists at
914:
connected to nerves to facilitate its sense of touch. The scales around the ears, lips, chin, and soles of the feet may have three or more sensory plaques.
1137:
may be somewhat venomous. The team believes the immediate effects of bites from these lizards were caused by mild envenomation. Bites on human digits by a
4820:) using faecal counts (Report). Zoological Society of San Diego, USA, and the Komodo National Park Authority, Labuan Bajo, Flores, Indonesia. p. 26.
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in New York in September 1926, but they only lasted a couple of months, dying in October and November 1926. The first Komodo dragons were displayed at
1344:
become ZZ (male); those receiving a W chromosome become WW and fail to develop, meaning that only males are produced by parthenogenesis in this species.
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6303:
4816:
Jessop, T.S.; Forsyth, D.M.; Purwandana, D.; Imansyah, M.J.; Opat, D.S.; McDonald-Madden, E. (2005). Monitoring the ungulate prey of komodo dragons (
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adults, which young Komodo dragons also try to repel by rolling in feces. They take 8 to 9 years to mature and are estimated to live up to 30 years.
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Female Komodos lay their eggs from August to September and may use several types of locality; in one study, 60% laid their eggs in the nests of
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951:
The Komodo dragon prefers hot and dry places and typically lives in dry, open grassland, savanna, and tropical forest at low elevations. As an
479:
Komodo dragons were first documented by Europeans in 1910, when rumors of a "land crocodile" reached Lieutenant van Steyn van Hensbroek of the
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variety of objects, including shovels, cans, plastic rings, and shoes. This behavior does not seem to be "food-motivated predatory behavior".
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of Komodo dragons, VK25. Based on their analysis of this peptide, they have synthesized a short peptide dubbed DRGN-1 and tested it against
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In the wild, adult Komodo dragons usually weigh around 70 kg (150 lb), although captive specimens often weigh more. According to
2282:
495:, published a paper on the topic after receiving a photo and a skin from the lieutenant, as well as two other specimens from a collector.
5993:
5050:
4841:
Barnard, Timothy P. (October 2011). "Protecting the Dragon: Dutch Attempts at Limiting Access to Komodo Lizards in the 1920s and 1930s".
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made some of the earliest observations of these animals in captivity and she demonstrated their behaviour at a scientific meeting of the
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523:. It was also Burden who coined the common name "Komodo dragon". Three of his specimens were stuffed and are still on display in the
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Mating begins between May and August, and the eggs are laid in September; as many as 20 eggs are deposited at a time in an abandoned
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when a study reported no agitation in wild Komodo dragons in response to whispers, raised voices, or shouts. This was disputed when
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4898:
3066:
1537:
4692:
4164:
3638:
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Purwandana, Deni; Ariefiandy, Achmad; Imansyah, M. Jeri; Seno, Aganto; Ciofi, Claudio; Letnic, Mike; Jessop, Tim S. (April 2016).
2659:"Island differences in population size structure and catch per unit effort and their conservation implications for Komodo dragons"
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6193:
6171:
2139:
884:, it is thought to have poor night vision. It can distinguish colours, but has poor visual discrimination of stationary objects.
877:
employee Joan Procter trained a captive specimen to come out to feed at the sound of her voice, even when she could not be seen.
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6399:
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415:. Komodo dragons' group behavior in hunting is exceptional in the reptile world. The diet of Komodo dragons mainly consists of
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1974:
742:. The only areas lacking osteoderms on the head of the adult Komodo dragon are around the eyes, nostrils, mouth margins, and
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3820:
2135:
1070:
do; observations of them hunting deer, boar and in some cases buffalo reveal that they kill prey in less than half an hour.
1042:(a proboscidean related to living elephants) are suggested to have been a primary prey item of the Komodo dragon during the
5628:
5307:
5265:
4718:
3091:
1683:"Dragon's Paradise Lost: Palaeobiogeography, Evolution and Extinction of the Largest-Ever Terrestrial Lizards (Varanidae)"
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7226:
7196:
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winner of the fight will then flick his long tongue at the female to gain information about her receptivity. Females are
17:
6081:
2657:
Jessop, T.; Madsen, T.; Ciofi, C.; Jeriimansyah, M.; Purwandana, D.; Rudiharto, H.; Arifiandy, A.; Phillips, J. (2007).
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2699:
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2019:
524:
2760:
2570:
Arida, E.; BΓΆhme, W. (2010). "The Origin of Varanus: When Fossils, Morphology, and Molecules Alone Are Never Enough".
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6800:
6389:
6215:
4492:
Watts PC, Buley KR, Sanderson S, Boardman W, Ciofi C, Gibson R (December 2006). "Parthenogenesis in Komodo Dragons".
2384:
2195:"Molecular evidence for an Asian origin of monitor lizards followed by Tertiary dispersals to Africa and Australasia"
396:, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (9.8 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb).
3504:
Jessop, Tim S.; Madsen, Thomas; Sumner, Joanna; Rudiharto, Heru; Phillips, John A.; Ciofi, Claudio (February 2006).
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juveniles in contrast are barely recurved, with fewer and less well-developed serrations that lack dentine cores.
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6235:
624:, the ancestors of Komodo dragons had hybridized with the common ancestor of Australian sand monitors (including
4570:
4238:
Jessop, Tim S.; Sumner, Joanna; Rudiharto, Heru; Purwandana, Deni; Imansyah, M. Jeri; Phillips, John A. (2004).
3762:
Chung, Ezra M. C.; Dean, Scott N.; Propst, Crystal N.; Bishop, Barney M.; van Hoek, Monique L. (11 April 2017).
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in the lower jaw. The researchers extracted one of these glands from the head of a terminally ill dragon in the
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The Komodo dragon can see objects as far away as 300 m (980 ft), but because its retinas only contain
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6071:
6035:
5115:"Editor stable after attack by Komodo dragon / Surgeons reattach foot tendons of Chronicle's Bronstein in L.A."
4189:
Jessop, Tim S.; Sumner, Joanna; Rudiharto, Heru; Purwandana, Deni; Imansyah, M.Jeri; Phillips, John A. (2004).
3425:
2058:
1745:
Jessop, Tim; Ariefiandy, Achmad; Azmi, Muhammad; Ciofi, Claudio; Imansyah, Jeri & Purwandana, Deni (2021).
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In 2009, the same researchers published further evidence demonstrating Komodo dragons possess a venomous bite.
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2920:"Exceptionally rapid tooth development and ontogenetic changes in the feeding apparatus of the Komodo dragon"
4603:"Identifying island safe havens to prevent the extinction of the World's largest lizard from global warming"
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1046:, prior to the introduction of their modern ungulate prey, which were only introduced to the islands in the
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507:
3764:"Komodo dragon-inspired synthetic peptide DRGN-1 promotes wound-healing of a mixed-biofilm infected wound"
3029:
Lizards: A Natural History of Some Uncommon Creatures, Extraordinary Chameleons, Iguanas, Geckos, and More
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2385:"A Comprehensive Approach to Detect Hybridization Sheds Light on the Evolution of Earth's Largest Lizards"
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Fry, BG; Vidal, N; Norman, JA; Vonk, FJ; Scheib, H; Ramjan, SF; Kuruppu, S; Fung, K; et al. (2006).
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It has been hypothesised that this reproductive adaptation allows a single female to enter an isolated
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6330:
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6188:
6028:
5601:
4138:
3240:
3234:
2250:
Fitch AJ, Goodman AE, Donnellan SC (2006). "A molecular phylogeny of the Australian monitor lizards (
1823:
1440:
5361:
4826:
2193:
Vidal, N.; Marin, J.; Sassi, J.; Battistuzzi, F.U.; Donnellan, S.; Fitch, A.J.; et al. (2012).
1769:
1057:(a process also used for respiration), lifting its head, and letting the water run down its throat.
1016:"wrestling". Losers usually retreat, though they have been known to be killed and eaten by victors.
6755:
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5391:
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2514:
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1495:
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range, compared to humans who hear between 20 and 20,000 hertz. They were formerly thought to be
655:
demonstrate that the Komodo dragon was once present in Australia, with fossils spanning from the
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3145:
927:
754:
610:), with their common ancestor diverging from a lineage that gave rise to the crocodile monitor (
7054:
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6708:
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6492:
6404:
6335:
6318:
6308:
6154:
5782:
5710:
5701:
5647:
5565:
5442:
4821:
1544:, eventually allowing for more successful management and breeding of the dragons in captivity.
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5060:
4468:"Strange but True: Komodo Dragons Show that "Virgin Births" Are Possible: Scientific American"
3153:
3147:
7119:
6793:
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6635:
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6523:
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5409:
5400:
5382:
4354:
3999:
3319:"Deathly Drool: Evolutionary and Ecological Basis of Septic Bacteria in Komodo Dragon Mouths"
2475:"Temporal overlap of humans and giant lizards (Varanidae; Squamata) in Pleistocene Australia"
2363:
2171:
895:
518:
498:
The first two live Komodo dragons to arrive in Europe were exhibited in the Reptile House at
436:
310:
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5089:
5083:
3506:"Maximum body size among insular Komodo dragon populations covaries with large prey density"
2448:"Komodo dragons not only inhabited ancient Australia, but also mated with our sand monitors"
1905:
Chalmers Mitchell, Peter (15 June 1927). "Reptiles at the Zoo: Opening of new house today".
693:
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6856:
6822:
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6383:
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1879:
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1463:(around US$ 35,000) each. It was believed that the Komodo dragons had been smuggled out of
1408:
1373:
1283:
1073:
The observation of prey dying of sepsis would then be explained by the natural instinct of
460:
139:
8:
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6462:
5919:
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5511:
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2079:. Zoo and Aquarium Biology and Conservation Series. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books.
1617:
1288:
1278:. On 20 December 2006, it was reported that Flora, a captive Komodo dragon living in the
903:
887:
As with many other reptiles, the Komodo dragon primarily relies on its tongue to detect,
763:
555:
151:
4693:"Zipcodezoo: Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon, Komodo Island Monitor, Komodo Monitor)"
4618:
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to Asian monitor species, though notably absent in a few other species from that range.
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and his assistant Putra Sastrawan captured and tagged more than 50 Komodo dragons.
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3859:
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3578:
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2862:"Iron-coated Komodo dragon teeth and the complex dental enamel of carnivorous reptiles"
2579:
2552:
2331:
2309:
2227:
2194:
1944:
1923:
1717:
1682:
1464:
1213:. Komodo dragons may be monogamous and form "pair bonds", a rare behavior for lizards.
1146:
821:
759:
734:. Komodo dragon skin is reinforced by armoured scales, which contain tiny bones called
660:
637:
612:
198:
4696:
4282:
1966:
1960:
1891:
1746:
1573:
survived, Bronstein needed to have several tendons in his foot reattached surgically.
131:
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6415:
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2879:
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2632:
2626:
2605:
2556:
2404:
2323:
2232:
2080:
2075:
Walsh, Trooper; Murphy, James Jerome; Ciofi, Claudio; De LA Panouse, Colomba (2002).
1970:
1722:
1460:
1007:
Komodo excrement has a dark portion, which is stool, and a whitish portion, which is
858:
708:
670:
595:
552:
532:
480:
287:
3582:
3490:
3033:
3027:
2583:
2538:
2498:
2335:
1419:
Volcanic activity, earthquakes, loss of habitat, fire, tourism, loss of prey due to
910:
in the back of its throat. Its scales, some of which are reinforced with bone, have
7216:
7127:
6979:
6877:
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5764:
5592:
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4850:
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2869:
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2313:
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2214:
1939:
1907:
1887:
1764:
1712:
1702:
1604:
1356:
1275:
643:
626:
617:
456:
5179:
Dragon Lizards of Komodo: An Expedition to the Lost World of the Dutch East Indies
865:. This arrangement means they are likely restricted to sounds in the 400 to 2,000
547:
7101:
5883:
5860:
5692:
5638:
5185:
5055:
4263:
4217:
3867:
3343:
3125:. Illustrations by David Kirshner. Boston: Academic Press. pp. 132, 157β58.
2944:
2790:
2767:
2734:
2682:
1707:
1681:
Hocknull SA, Piper PJ, van den Bergh GD, Due RA, Morwood MJ, Kurniawan I (2009).
1590:
1569:
1360:
1296:
1292:
1251:
1242:
665:
571:
514:
377:
7145:
5186:
Eberhard, Jo; King, Dennis; Green, Brian; Knight, Frank; Keith Newgrain (1999).
4726:
3622:
3597:
3099:
6773:
6595:
5773:
5674:
5529:
5493:
5457:
4815:
3928:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3695:
3657:
3637:
Montgomery, JM; Gillespie, D; Sastrawan, P; Fredeking, TM; Stewart, GL (2002).
3551:
Diamond, Jared M. (1987). "Did Komodo dragons evolve to eat pygmy elephants?".
2874:
2844:
1561:
1432:
1424:
1165:
1054:
730:
that is naturally lacerated during feeding. It also has a long, yellow, deeply
656:
570:
in scientific literature, although these names are uncommon. To the natives of
444:
400:
365:
275:
4854:
4105:. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 197β204.
3779:
3466:
1110:
726:
is frequently blood-tinged because its teeth are almost completely covered by
7175:
7075:
5869:
5791:
4894:
4634:
4521:
4134:
3787:
3732:
3537:
3474:
3443:"Ecological allometries and niche use dynamics across Komodo dragon ontogeny"
3352:
2953:
2883:
2400:
1755:
1627:
1520:
1428:
1404:
1328:
1074:
1033:
985:
977:
972:
731:
452:
336:
171:
82:
5227:
5035:
3948:
5986:
5965:
5937:
5683:
5619:
5583:
5418:
4652:
4529:
3998:
Weinstein, Scott A.; Smith, Tamara L.; Kardong, Kenneth V. (14 July 2009).
3967:
3855:
3805:
3740:
3665:
3482:
3370:
3230:
3146:
Eric R. Pianka; Laurie J. Vitt; with a foreword by Harry W. Greene (2003).
2971:
2901:
2408:
2355:
2327:
2236:
2218:
1819:
1791:
1726:
1565:
1545:
1536:
in 1927. A Komodo dragon was exhibited in 1934 in the United States at the
1476:
1267:
1138:
1090:
780:
743:
603:
599:
484:
408:
326:
7106:
4412:
1993:
794:
7036:
6966:
6936:
6927:
6832:
5979:
5972:
5951:
5944:
5755:
5433:
4340:
3724:
2318:
1657:
1279:
1255:
1043:
899:
813:
788:
783:
outer layer. This is the same type of dentition observed in many extinct
631:
389:
57:
6989:
3847:
2547:
938:
853:
As with other varanids, Komodo dragons have only a single ear bone, the
7028:
6587:
5316:
4799:
A feasibility study on the in-situ captive breeding of Komodo dragons (
4749:
Police foil attempt to export Komodo dragons for Rp 500 million apiece'
1637:
1533:
1480:
1400:
1341:
1324:
1271:
1263:
1115:
1025:
881:
874:
739:
652:
499:
448:
416:
102:
67:
4626:
3598:"Last lizard standing: The enigmatic persistence of the Komodo dragon"
7041:
7010:
6051:
6020:
5958:
5902:
5894:
5374:
4924:
4578:
4513:
4359:
3636:
3574:
1648:
1529:
1500:
1451:
1225:
1206:
1029:
956:
952:
907:
829:
784:
735:
714:
471:
404:
369:
265:
215:
143:
107:
51:
6898:
3120:
2267:
7015:
6921:
5656:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5272:
4416:
4390:
2658:
2383:
PavΓ³n-VΓ‘zquez, Carlos J.; Brennan, Ian G.; Keogh, J. Scott (2021).
1484:
1455:
1420:
1221:
1126:
1047:
1038:
1021:
1003:
431:
255:
235:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
44:
40:
4984:
Lederer, G. (1931). "Erkennen wechselwarme Tiere ihren Pfleger?".
2511:
1634:), a monitor lizard often asserted to be the longest extant lizard
407:
in which they live. Komodo dragons hunt and ambush prey including
7153:
6371:
6000:
1336:
1332:
1320:
1316:
1173:
1134:
1099:
1086:
862:
727:
621:
424:
373:
245:
112:
87:
4869:"Indonesian zoo breeds dozens of endangered baby Komodo dragons"
4240:"Distribution, use and selection of nest type by Komodo Dragons"
4191:"Distribution, use and selection of nest type by Komodo dragons"
3440:
1188:
7002:
5912:
5844:
5328:
5256:
5204:
5003:
Murphy, James B.; Walsh, Trooper (2006). "Dragons and Humans".
4237:
4188:
1644:
encompassing all venomous reptiles, including the Komodo dragon
1210:
1196:
854:
776:
723:
412:
385:
225:
4668:"Why we must reassess the komodo dragon's "Endangered" status"
3639:"Aerobic salivary bacteria in wild and captive Komodo dragons"
3317:
Bull, J. J.; Jessop, Tim S.; Whiteley, Marvin (21 June 2010).
2858:
1247:
513:
The Komodo dragon was the driving factor for an expedition to
7140:
5285:
4722:
4311:"Komodo Dragons, World's Largest Lizards, Have Virgin Births"
2830:"Elaborate Komodo dragon armor defends against other dragons"
2805:"Here's Why Komodo Dragons are the Toughest Lizards on Earth"
2656:
2074:
1680:
1641:
1549:
2016, four Komodo dragons were transferred from Bronx zoo to
1447:
1389:
1161:
1067:
1053:
The Komodo dragon drinks by sucking water into its mouth via
1008:
888:
866:
381:
188:
182:
4766:
Lax security at Flores ports allows Komodo dragon smuggling'
2423:"Study reveals surprising history of world's largest lizard"
1479:, a former population of Komodo dragons has recently become
832:
only have 1-2 replacement teeth behind each tooth position.
4491:
3821:"Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes"
3503:
3395:. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida. p. 406.
3197:
1396:
892:
870:
809:
492:
483:
administration. Widespread notoriety came after 1912, when
5085:
Life at the Zoo: Behind the Scenes with the Animal Doctors
4599:
2731:
2700:"The Largest Monitor Lizards by Paleonerd01 on DeviantArt"
2192:
1928:, exhibited at the Scientific Meeting, October 23rd, 1928"
955:, it is most active in the day, although it exhibits some
4784:"Komodo population continues to decline at national park"
4571:"The official website of Komodo National Park, Indonesia"
3985:
3709:
2736:
Komodo Dragon: On Location (Darling, Kathy. on Location.)
2382:
1744:
677:
found in Java and Timor may belong to the Komodo dragon.
3982:
Komodo dragons kill with venom, not bacteria, study says
1331:), rather than by her laying diploid eggs by one of the
1011:, the nitrogenous end-product of their digestion process
798:
Teeth. Note the orange, iron-enriched enamel serrations.
3296:. Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida.
2652:
2650:
2648:
1962:
The third eye: Race, cinema, and ethnographic spectacle
1487:
prey, for which poaching was most likely responsible.
3997:
3761:
3268:. New York: Facts on File. pp. 16, 57, 99, 175.
3121:
Cogger, Harold G.; Zweifel, Richard G., eds. (1998).
2249:
5857:
5081:
5002:
3152:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p.
2645:
2016:"American Museum of Natural History: Komodo Dragons"
1580:
1315:. Male progeny prove Flora's unfertilized eggs were
598:
shows the Komodo dragon to be the closest relative (
5141:
4276:
2599:
2472:
1295:, became the first zoo in the Americas to document
1085:Researchers have isolated a powerful antibacterial
5176:
5154:
4281:
3893:Scientists discover deadly secret of Komodo's bite
3818:
3705:
3703:
3390:
3316:
3291:
2733:
2569:
1870:Ciofi, Claudio (March 1999). "The Komodo Dragon".
1319:(n) and doubled their chromosomes later to become
427:. Komodo dragons also occasionally attack humans.
4553:"5 Kasus keganasan komodo liar menyerang manusia"
4165:"'Wotong' bird nests help Komodos survive: Study"
4000:"Reptile Venom Glands Form, Function, and Future"
3906:Fry BG, Wroe S, Teeuwisse W, et al. (2009).
3596:Shine, Richard; Somaweera, Ruchira (April 2019).
2368:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1994:"Komodo National Park Frequently Asked Questions"
1904:
562:The Komodo dragon is also sometimes known as the
7173:
5051:"Transcript: Sharon Stone vs. the Komodo Dragon"
4805:(MS thesis). Canterbury, UK: University of Kent.
4796:
4067:"Chemicals in Dragon's Glands Stir Venom Debate"
3905:
1172:, and found it secreted several different toxic
849:Komodo dragon using its tongue to sample the air
423:), though they also eat considerable amounts of
5088:. New York: Columbia University Press. p.
4957:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
4550:
4288:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
3700:
3236:Firefly Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians
3057:
3055:
3053:
2918:Maho, Tea; Reisz, Robert R. (7 February 2024).
1965:. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. p.
1932:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
1770:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T22884A123633058.en
1623:Komodo Indonesian Fauna Museum and Reptile Park
463:was founded in 1980 to aid protection efforts.
5162:. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida.
4986:Wochenschrift fΓΌr Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde
3595:
3287:
3285:
3149:Lizards: Windows to the Evolution of Diversity
2604:. New York: DK Publishing. pp. 417, 420.
2254:) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences".
2164:"Ora (Komodo Island Monitor or Komodo Dragon)"
1869:
1832:Bulletin de l'Institut Botanique de Buitenzorg
1080:
551:The Komodo dragon, as depicted on the 50
399:As a result of their size, Komodo dragons are
6036:
5301:
4308:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3229:
2283:"Mitochondrial DNA evidence and evolution in
2243:
1988:
1986:
5190:. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Publishing Company.
5160:The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor
4953:Ouwens, exhibited at the Scientific Meeting"
4781:
4695:. BayScience Foundation, Inc. Archived from
4413:"Komodo dragons hatch with no male involved"
4162:
4092:
4090:
4064:
4033:
3991:
3696:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026226
3393:The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor
3294:The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor
3176:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3050:
2845:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026226
2624:
1814:
1812:
1542:The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor
4355:"Wise men testify to Dragon's virgin birth"
3282:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3032:. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press. pp.
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2628:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
1270:from her earlier encounter with a male, an
620:. A 2021 study showed that during the late
6043:
6029:
5308:
5294:
5205:Lutz, Richard L; Lutz, Judy Marie (1997).
4790:
4158:
4156:
3908:"A central role for venom in predation by
3377:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
2106:"Trapping Komodo Dragons for Conservation"
1983:
335:
160:
130:
4968:
4825:
4665:
4642:
4352:
4270:
4087:
4004:Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles
3957:
3947:
3795:
3621:
3360:
3342:
3123:Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians
3086:
3084:
2961:
2943:
2917:
2891:
2873:
2595:
2593:
2546:
2317:
2226:
2100:
2098:
2096:
1943:
1809:
1768:
1716:
1706:
1367:
5225:
5188:Monitors: The Biology of Varanid Lizards
4006:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 76β84.
3988:. 20 May 2009. Retrieved on 25 May 2009.
3544:
3263:
3184:
2710:
2077:Komodo Dragons: Biology and Conservation
1506:
1494:
1383:
1346:
1340:parthenogenetically. Eggs receiving a Z
1246:
1187:
1109:
1002:
971:
917:
839:
824:. Many other monitor species as well as
793:
753:
713:
692:
684:
546:
470:
5181:. New York, London: G.P. Putnum's Sons.
4996:
4983:
4977:
4946:
4940:
4840:
4834:
4803:) on Padar Island, Komodo National Park
4685:
4153:
4119:
4027:
3812:
3630:
3550:
3216:
2694:
2692:
2158:
2156:
2140:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2070:
2068:
2045:Cheater, Mark (AugustβSeptember 2003).
2044:
1921:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1568:, when he entered its enclosure at the
1395:The Komodo dragon is classified by the
1327:, or by chromosome duplication without
1287:fertilization. On 31 January 2008, the
857:, for transferring vibrations from the
808:found that Komodo dragons have orange,
673:. Additionally, Pleistocene fossils of
589:
14:
7174:
6050:
4666:Supriatna, Jatna (27 September 2021).
3912:(Komodo Dragon) and the extinct giant
3198:Ballance, Alison; Morris, Rod (2003).
3114:
3081:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2802:
2590:
2093:
1818:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1676:
1674:
6903:
6902:
6024:
5842:
5359:
5289:
5112:
5048:
5022:"Such jokers, those Komodo dragons".
4436:
4434:
4096:
3415:
3257:
2913:
2911:
2854:
2852:
2803:Hern, Daisy; ez (29 September 2019).
2600:Burnie, David; Don E. Wilson (2001).
1475:to diminishing prey availability. On
7159:90C9177F-1E5B-4512-92E1-FE455825DA7B
5629:Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor
5503:Black-spotted ridge-tailed monitor (
4485:
4353:Henderson, Mark (21 December 2006).
3713:Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
3200:South Sea Islands: A natural history
2689:
2618:
2153:
2128:
2065:
1958:
1850:
1656:), a huge extinct varanid lizard of
1528:Komodo dragons was displayed at the
1519:Komodo dragon feeding on a carcass,
976:Komodo dragon on Rinca feeding on a
466:
4809:
4563:
4383:"Recent News β Sedgwick County Zoo"
3899:
3004:
2978:
2732:Tara Darling (Illustrator) (1997).
2280:
2038:
1756:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1733:
1671:
738:that function as a sort of natural
24:
6102:French and British era (1806β1816)
5360:
5228:"Natural Histories: Komodo Dragon"
5226:Westwood, Brett (28 August 2018).
5135:
4970:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1928.tb07181.x
4431:
4309:Morales, Alex (20 December 2006).
2908:
2849:
2793:. San Diego Zoo Global Zoo (1998).
2740:. Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books.
2310:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2001.tb00118.x
2168:American Museum of Natural History
2020:American Museum of Natural History
1945:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1928.tb07181.x
1828:species from the island of Komodo"
1236:
1133:), other species of monitors, and
525:American Museum of Natural History
25:
7248:
7207:Fauna of the Lesser Sunda Islands
7202:Extant Zanclean first appearances
5249:
4551:Fariz Fardianto (22 April 2014).
4442:"Virgin births for giant lizards"
1892:10.1038/scientificamerican0399-84
1121:In late 2005, researchers at the
7182:IUCN Red List endangered species
5271:
5255:
5113:Pence, Angelica (11 June 2001).
5106:
4036:"Venom Might Boost Dragons Bite"
4002:. In Stephen P. Mackessy (ed.).
3530:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14371.x
3239:. Hove: Firefly Books. pp.
3034:32, 52, 78, 81, 84, 140β145, 151
1597:
1583:
1538:National Zoo in Washington, D.C.
937:
926:
659:(~3.8 million years ago) to the
394:largest extant species of lizard
202:
55:
27:Largest living species of lizard
6122:Liberal democracy era (1950β59)
5843:
5075:
5042:
5015:
4912:
4887:
4861:
4775:
4758:
4741:
4711:
4659:
4593:
4544:
4460:
4405:
4375:
4346:
4333:
4302:
4231:
4182:
4058:
3974:
3885:
3755:
3687:
3602:Global Ecology and Conservation
3589:
3497:
3434:
3409:
3310:
3139:
2836:
2822:
2796:
2773:
2754:
2563:
2539:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107721
2505:
2499:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.013
2466:
2440:
2415:
2376:
2341:
2274:
2186:
2008:
1490:
1379:
1351:Humans handling a komodo dragon
1323:(2n) (by being fertilized by a
1183:
6390:People's Consultative Assembly
5315:
4947:Procter, J.B. (October 1928).
3420:. WB Saunders Co. p. 16.
2866:Nature Ecology & Evolution
2784:1998. Physical Characteristics
1952:
1915:
1898:
1784:
1613:List of largest extant lizards
1564:, the then-husband of actress
805:Nature Ecology & Evolution
680:
13:
1:
7222:National symbols of Indonesia
6132:Transitional period (1965β66)
6117:National Revolution (1945β49)
6112:Japanese occupation (1942β45)
6107:Dutch East Indies (1800β1942)
5082:Robinson, Phillip T. (2004).
4782:Markus Makur (5 March 2016).
4103:Varanoid Lizards of the World
3233:; Adler, Kraig, eds. (2002).
2256:Australian Journal of Zoology
1959:Rony, Fatimah Tobing (1996).
1664:
1467:province through the port at
1050:, around 10-7,000 years ago.
749:
376:to the Indonesian islands of
5729:Short-tailed pygmy monitor (
5142:Attenborough, David (1957).
5049:Cagle, Jess (23 June 2001).
4264:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.08.005
4218:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.08.005
4065:Zimmer, Carl (18 May 2009).
3768:npj Biofilms and Microbiomes
3711:"bacteria as venom" model".
3646:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
3418:Reptile Medicine and Surgery
3344:10.1371/journal.pone.0011097
3096:Singapore Zoological Gardens
2945:10.1371/journal.pone.0295002
2683:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.025
2358:(inactive 4 September 2024).
1708:10.1371/journal.pone.0007241
1205:the male inserts one of his
1170:Singapore Zoological Gardens
787:dinosaurs. The teeth of the
770:
758:Teeth. Komodo dragon (A-C),
542:
508:Zoological Society of London
447:; hence, they are listed as
364:, is a large reptile of the
7:
6498:Water supply and sanitation
5177:Burden, W. Douglas (1927).
4949:"On a living Komodo Dragon
3623:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00624
3391:Auffenberg, Walter (1981).
3292:Auffenberg, Walter (1981).
3202:. Hove: Firefly Books Ltd.
1924:"On a living Komodo dragon
1576:
1551:Madras Crocodile Bank Trust
1359:(such as an island) and by
1335:reduction-divisions in her
1164:showed the presence of two
1081:Antibacterial immune factor
455:. They are protected under
344:Komodo dragon distribution
10:
7253:
7237:Vertebrate parthenogenesis
7227:Reptiles described in 1912
7197:Endemic fauna of Indonesia
6127:Guided Democracy (1959β65)
6092:Portuguese era (1512β1605)
5611:Mitchell's water monitor (
5401:Rio Fuerte beaded lizard (
5392:Guatemalan beaded lizard (
4719:"Appendices I, II and III"
3658:10.7589/0090-3558-38.3.545
3416:Mader, Douglas R. (1996).
3063:"Komodo Dragon Fact Sheet"
2875:10.1038/s41559-024-02477-7
2519:Quaternary Science Reviews
2479:Quaternary Science Reviews
2051:National Wildlife Magazine
2047:"Chasing the Magic Dragon"
1926:Varanus komodoensis Ouwens
1240:
1145:), a Komodo dragon, and a
802:A 2024 study published in
489:Zoological Museum of Bogor
6911:
6850:
6764:
6699:
6557:
6519:
6510:
6438:
6429:
6294:
6285:
6241:Provincial highest points
6162:
6153:
6062:
5929:
5893:
5856:
5852:
5838:
5804:
5455:
5431:
5373:
5369:
5355:
5323:
5211:. Salem, Or: DiMI Press.
5208:Komodo: The Living Dragon
4920:"A date with the dragons"
4855:10.5728/indonesia.92.0097
4797:Lilley, R. P. H. (1995).
4034:Zimmer, Carl (May 2009).
3780:10.1038/s41522-017-0017-2
3467:10.1007/s00114-016-1351-6
3264:Mattison, Chris (1992) .
2766:27 September 2013 at the
2631:. Guinness Superlatives.
2281:Ast, Jennifer C. (2001).
1911:. London, UK. p. 17.
1441:climate change mitigation
1114:Komodo dragon stalking a
1095:multidrug-resistant (MDR)
1060:
835:
826:Chinese crocodile lizards
343:
334:
316:
309:
199:Scientific classification
197:
180:
158:
149:
138:
129:
34:
7192:Endangered fauna of Asia
6299:Administrative divisions
5783:Yellow-spotted monitor (
5648:Peach-throated monitor (
5602:Merten's water monitor (
5566:Kimberely rock monitor (
5443:Earless monitor lizard (
4097:Ciofi, Claudio (2004). "
3241:112β13, 144, 147, 168β69
3067:National Zoological Park
1309:sex-determination system
1303:Komodo dragons have the
1105:
502:when it opened in 1927.
475:Skull of a Komodo dragon
5702:Rennel Island monitor (
5410:Mexican beaded lizard (
5383:Chiapan beaded lizard (
5118:San Francisco Chronicle
5036:10.1002/scin.5591620516
4244:Biological Conservation
4198:Biological Conservation
3949:10.1073/pnas.0810883106
2789:17 January 2010 at the
2663:Biological Conservation
1922:Procter, J. B. (1928).
1437:climate change scenario
1218:orange-footed scrubfowl
1123:University of Melbourne
967:
582:('land crocodile'), or
574:, it is referred to as
6473:Science and technology
6314:Regencies & Cities
5738:Spiny-tailed monitor (
5548:Emerald tree monitor (
5485:Black-headed monitor (
5268:) at Wikimedia Commons
5144:Zoo Quest for a Dragon
5030:(1): 78. August 2002.
4339:Notice by her cage in
3026:Badger, David (2002).
2401:10.1093/sysbio/syaa102
2356:10.1006/clad.2002.0198
2219:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0460
1763:: e.T22884A123633058.
1524:
1504:
1392:
1368:Encounters with humans
1352:
1259:
1193:
1118:
1012:
981:
850:
799:
767:
719:
704:Guinness World Records
698:
690:
559:
504:Joan Beauchamp Procter
487:, the director of the
476:
7232:Reptiles of Indonesia
6082:Hinduism-Buddhism era
5711:Rosenberg's monitor (
5666:Pygmy mulga monitor (
5512:Blue-tailed monitor (
5467:Asian water monitor (
5005:Herpetological Review
4607:Ecology and Evolution
4163:Markus Makur (2015).
3447:The Science of Nature
2988:. BBC. Archived from
2625:Wood, Gerald (1983).
2452:Australian Geographic
2342:Ast, J.C. "erratum".
2136:"Varanus komodoensis"
1518:
1498:
1403:and is listed on the
1387:
1350:
1250:
1192:Komodo dragons mating
1191:
1160:scans of a preserved
1113:
1006:
975:
918:Behaviour and ecology
848:
797:
779:core and a very thin
757:
717:
696:
688:
568:Komodo Island monitor
558:, issued by Indonesia
550:
474:
360:), also known as the
7212:Komodo National Park
6216:Environmental issues
5476:Black tree monitor (
5231:(Audio (28 minutes))
4575:Komodo National Park
4315:Bloomberg Television
3725:10.1638/2012-0022R.1
3683:on 14 December 2007.
3266:Lizards of the World
2061:on 20 February 2009.
1446:Under Appendix I of
1409:Komodo National Park
1374:Komodo National Park
1311:, as opposed to the
1284:Liverpool University
1254:baby Komodo dragon,
1147:spotted tree monitor
651:Fossils from across
602:) of the Australian
594:Genetic analysis of
590:Evolutionary history
461:Komodo National Park
140:Komodo National Park
6957:Varanus_komodoensis
6943:Varanus komodoensis
6913:Varanus komodoensis
6137:New Order (1966β98)
6097:VOC era (1603β1800)
5920:Varanus amnhophilis
5747:Turquoise monitor (
5720:Roughneck monitor (
5539:Dumeril's monitor (
5521:Crocodile monitor (
5279:Varanus komodoensis
5262:Varanus komodoensis
4951:Varanus komodoensis
4818:Varanus komodoensis
4801:Varanus komodoensis
4619:2020EcoEv..1010492J
4613:(19): 10492β10507.
4506:2006Natur.444.1021W
4472:Scientific American
4393:on 11 February 2008
4387:Sedgwick County Zoo
4278:Attenborough, David
4256:2004BCons.117..463J
4227:on 9 December 2011.
4210:2004BCons.117..463J
4129:Varanus komodoensis
4099:Varanus komodoensis
3940:2009PNAS..106.8969F
3910:Varanus komodoensis
3848:10.1038/nature04328
3840:2006Natur.439..584F
3614:2019GEcoC..1800624S
3567:1987Natur.326..832D
3522:2006Oikos.112..422J
3459:2016SciNa.103...27P
3335:2010PLoSO...511097B
3102:on 14 February 2005
2992:on 16 November 2006
2936:2024PLoSO..1995002M
2782:Varanus komodoensis
2675:2007BCons.135..247J
2531:2022QSRv..29407721V
2491:2015QSRv..125...98P
2252:Squamata: Varanidae
2211:2012BiLet...8..853V
2110:National Geographic
2057:(5). Archived from
2026:on 23 November 2010
1996:. Komodo Foundation
1884:1999SciAm.280c..84C
1872:Scientific American
1749:Varanus komodoensis
1699:2009PLoSO...4.7241H
1652:(formerly known as
1618:Asian water monitor
1471:in central Flores.
1313:mammalian XY system
1289:Sedgwick County Zoo
1262:A Komodo dragon at
1220:(a moundbuilder or
984:Komodo dragons are
764:Asian water monitor
718:Closeup of the skin
586:('giant monitor').
403:, and dominate the
357:Varanus komodoensis
320:Varanus komodoensis
302:V. komodoensis
152:Conservation status
18:Varanus komodoensis
6483:Telecommunications
6194:Biosphere reserves
5817:Cretaceous lizards
5805:Related categories
5765:Savannah monitor (
5593:Mangrove monitor (
5156:Auffenberg, Walter
5063:on 30 October 2010
4581:on 5 February 2007
4448:. 20 December 2006
4284:Life in Cold Blood
4141:on 17 January 2010
4072:The New York Times
3896:, AFP, 19 May 2009
3873:on 10 October 2017
2986:"Komodo Conundrum"
2389:Systematic Biology
2116:on 5 December 2012
1632:Varanus salvadorii
1525:
1505:
1465:East Nusa Tenggara
1393:
1388:Komodo dragons on
1353:
1260:
1229:105.1 grams.
1209:into the female's
1194:
1119:
1013:
982:
851:
800:
768:
720:
699:
691:
661:Middle Pleistocene
613:Varanus salvadorii
560:
477:
7169:
7168:
7115:Open Tree of Life
6905:Taxon identifiers
6896:
6895:
6846:
6845:
6534:Human trafficking
6506:
6505:
6425:
6424:
6416:Wawasan Nusantara
6400:Political parties
6341:Foreign relations
6281:
6280:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6009:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5767:V. exanthematicus
5693:Pilbara monitor (
5639:Peacock monitor (
5394:H. charlesbogerti
5260:Media related to
5218:978-0-931625-27-5
5197:978-1-57524-112-8
5169:978-0-8130-0621-5
5148:Lutterworth Press
5099:978-0-231-13248-0
4627:10.1002/ece3.6705
4500:(7122): 1021β22.
4419:. 8 February 2008
4321:on 8 October 2007
4295:978-0-691-13718-6
4112:978-0-253-34366-6
4040:San Diego Tribune
4013:978-1-4200-0866-1
3834:(7076): 584β588.
3402:978-0-8130-0621-5
3303:978-0-8130-0621-5
3275:978-0-8160-5716-0
3250:978-1-55297-613-5
3209:978-1-55297-609-8
3163:978-0-520-23401-7
3132:978-0-12-178560-4
3043:978-0-89658-520-1
2809:Popular Mechanics
2747:978-0-688-13777-9
2706:. 18 August 2019.
2638:978-0-85112-235-9
2611:978-0-7894-7764-4
2086:978-1-58834-073-3
1976:978-0-8223-1840-8
1640:, a hypothetical
1516:
1131:Varanus giganteus
1102:infected wounds.
859:tympanic membrane
846:
822:crocodile monitor
760:crocodile monitor
709:snout-vent length
671:Early Pleistocene
596:mitochondrial DNA
533:Walter Auffenberg
467:Taxonomic history
348:
347:
192:
175:
16:(Redirected from
7244:
7162:
7161:
7149:
7148:
7136:
7135:
7123:
7122:
7110:
7109:
7097:
7096:
7084:
7083:
7071:
7070:
7058:
7057:
7045:
7044:
7032:
7031:
7019:
7018:
7006:
7005:
6993:
6992:
6983:
6982:
6970:
6969:
6960:
6959:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6900:
6899:
6866:
6859:
6517:
6516:
6436:
6435:
6378:National capital
6292:
6291:
6160:
6159:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6022:
6021:
5859:
5854:
5853:
5840:
5839:
5774:Yellow monitor (
5749:V. caerulivirens
5675:Quince monitor (
5557:Gray's monitor (
5530:Desert monitor (
5494:Bengal monitor (
5371:
5370:
5357:
5356:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5287:
5286:
5276:Data related to
5275:
5259:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5232:
5222:
5201:
5182:
5173:
5151:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5059:. Archived from
5046:
5040:
5039:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4895:"ISIS Abstracts"
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4779:
4773:
4770:The Jakarta Post
4762:
4756:
4755:, 28 March 2019.
4753:The Jakarta Post
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4729:on 11 March 2008
4725:. Archived from
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4699:on 12 April 2010
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4672:The Conversation
4663:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4577:. Archived from
4567:
4561:
4560:
4559:(in Indonesian).
4548:
4542:
4541:
4514:10.1038/4441021a
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4438:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4389:. Archived from
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4350:
4344:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4317:. Archived from
4306:
4300:
4299:
4287:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4220:. Archived from
4195:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4169:The Jakarta Post
4160:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4137:. Archived from
4127:"Komodo Dragon,
4123:
4117:
4116:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4042:. Archived from
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3995:
3989:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3951:
3903:
3897:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3866:. Archived from
3825:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3799:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3707:
3698:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3676:. Archived from
3643:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3575:10.1038/326832a0
3548:
3542:
3541:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3388:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3346:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3227:
3214:
3213:
3195:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3167:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3098:. Archived from
3088:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3023:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2947:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2877:
2856:
2847:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2777:
2771:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2739:
2729:
2708:
2707:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2654:
2643:
2642:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2359:
2339:
2321:
2295:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2170:. Archived from
2160:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2112:. Archived from
2102:
2091:
2090:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2022:. Archived from
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1908:The London Times
1902:
1896:
1895:
1867:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1742:
1731:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1678:
1654:Megalania prisca
1607:
1605:Indonesia portal
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1517:
1499:Juvenile at the
1357:ecological niche
1276:superfecundation
941:
930:
904:Jacobson's organ
902:sense using the
847:
339:
322:
207:
206:
186:
169:
164:
163:
134:
124:
54:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7165:
7157:
7152:
7144:
7139:
7131:
7126:
7118:
7113:
7105:
7102:Observation.org
7100:
7092:
7087:
7079:
7074:
7066:
7061:
7053:
7048:
7040:
7035:
7027:
7022:
7014:
7009:
7001:
6996:
6988:
6986:
6978:
6973:
6965:
6963:
6955:
6950:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6907:
6897:
6892:
6869:
6862:
6855:
6842:
6833:Personification
6760:
6695:
6676:Public holidays
6661:National heroes
6553:
6502:
6421:
6277:
6246:Natural history
6149:
6087:Spread of Islam
6058:
6049:
6019:
6006:
5925:
5905:Varanus priscus
5889:
5884:Paranecrosaurus
5861:Palaeovaranidae
5848:
5826:
5812:Monitor lizards
5800:
5792:Yemen monitor (
5575:Komodo dragon (
5451:
5427:
5365:
5351:
5319:
5314:
5252:
5239:
5237:
5230:
5219:
5198:
5170:
5138:
5136:Further reading
5133:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5111:
5107:
5100:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5047:
5043:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5001:
4997:
4982:
4978:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4928:. 18 April 2016
4918:
4917:
4913:
4903:
4901:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4878:
4876:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4839:
4835:
4827:10.1.1.172.2230
4814:
4810:
4795:
4791:
4780:
4776:
4772:, 9 April 2019.
4764:Markus Makur, '
4763:
4759:
4746:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4676:
4674:
4664:
4660:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4549:
4545:
4490:
4486:
4476:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4351:
4347:
4338:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4275:
4271:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4161:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4095:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4014:
3996:
3992:
3979:
3975:
3934:(22): 8969β74.
3904:
3900:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3760:
3756:
3708:
3701:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3594:
3590:
3549:
3545:
3502:
3498:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3389:
3378:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3228:
3217:
3210:
3196:
3185:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3092:"Komodo Dragon"
3090:
3089:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3069:. 25 April 2016
3061:
3060:
3051:
3044:
3024:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2930:(2): e0295002.
2916:
2909:
2857:
2850:
2841:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2801:
2797:
2791:Wayback Machine
2780:Komodo Dragon,
2778:
2774:
2768:Wayback Machine
2759:
2755:
2748:
2730:
2711:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2655:
2646:
2639:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2598:
2591:
2568:
2564:
2510:
2506:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2381:
2377:
2361:
2360:
2293:
2279:
2275:
2268:10.1071/ZO05038
2248:
2244:
2199:Biology Letters
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2174:on 7 March 2010
2162:
2161:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2087:
2073:
2066:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1957:
1953:
1920:
1916:
1903:
1899:
1868:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1817:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1743:
1734:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1649:Varanus priscus
1603:
1598:
1596:
1591:Reptiles portal
1589:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1570:Los Angeles Zoo
1507:
1493:
1382:
1370:
1361:parthenogenesis
1297:parthenogenesis
1293:Wichita, Kansas
1252:Parthenogenetic
1245:
1243:Parthenogenesis
1239:
1237:Parthenogenesis
1186:
1125:speculated the
1108:
1083:
1063:
970:
949:
948:
947:
946:
945:
942:
933:
932:
931:
920:
912:sensory plaques
840:
838:
773:
752:
728:gingival tissue
683:
666:Varanus priscus
592:
545:
469:
421:Rusa timorensis
330:
324:
318:
305:
201:
193:
176:
165:
161:
154:
125:
123:
122:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
49:
48:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7250:
7240:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7187:Apex predators
7184:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7150:
7137:
7124:
7111:
7098:
7085:
7072:
7059:
7046:
7033:
7020:
7007:
6994:
6984:
6971:
6961:
6948:
6933:
6917:
6915:
6909:
6908:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6868:
6867:
6860:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6818:Floral emblems
6815:
6814:
6813:
6803:
6801:Faunal emblems
6798:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6781:
6776:
6770:
6768:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6716:
6711:
6705:
6703:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6563:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6520:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6478:Stock Exchange
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6433:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6412:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6380:
6375:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6295:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6199:National parks
6196:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6182:Climate change
6174:
6169:
6163:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6068:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6048:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6025:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5899:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5865:
5863:
5850:
5849:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5822:Helodermatidae
5819:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5789:
5780:
5771:
5762:
5753:
5744:
5735:
5731:V. brevicauda
5726:
5717:
5713:V. rosenbergi
5708:
5704:V. juxtindicus
5699:
5690:
5686:V. albigularis
5684:Rock monitor (
5681:
5672:
5663:
5654:
5645:
5641:V. auffenbergi
5636:
5626:
5620:Nile monitor (
5617:
5608:
5599:
5590:
5584:Lace monitor (
5581:
5577:V. komodoensis
5572:
5563:
5554:
5545:
5536:
5527:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5496:V. bengalensis
5491:
5482:
5473:
5463:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5439:
5437:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5419:Gila monster (
5416:
5407:
5403:H. exasperatum
5398:
5389:
5379:
5377:
5375:Helodermatidae
5367:
5366:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5343:
5337:
5331:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5313:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5282:at Wikispecies
5269:
5251:
5250:External links
5248:
5247:
5246:
5223:
5217:
5202:
5196:
5183:
5174:
5168:
5152:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5105:
5098:
5074:
5041:
5014:
4995:
4976:
4963:(4): 1017β19.
4939:
4911:
4886:
4875:. 18 June 2022
4860:
4849:(92): 97β123.
4833:
4808:
4789:
4774:
4757:
4740:
4710:
4684:
4658:
4592:
4562:
4543:
4484:
4459:
4430:
4404:
4374:
4345:
4332:
4301:
4294:
4269:
4250:(5): 463β470.
4230:
4181:
4152:
4118:
4111:
4086:
4057:
4046:on 6 June 2009
4026:
4012:
3990:
3973:
3898:
3884:
3811:
3754:
3719:(2): 262β272.
3699:
3686:
3629:
3588:
3543:
3516:(2): 422β429.
3496:
3433:
3426:
3408:
3401:
3376:
3309:
3302:
3281:
3274:
3256:
3249:
3215:
3208:
3183:
3162:
3138:
3131:
3113:
3080:
3049:
3042:
3003:
2977:
2907:
2848:
2835:
2821:
2795:
2772:
2761:Komodo Dragons
2753:
2746:
2709:
2704:Deviantart.com
2688:
2669:(2): 247β255.
2644:
2637:
2617:
2610:
2589:
2578:(4): 117β124.
2562:
2504:
2465:
2454:. 3 March 2021
2439:
2414:
2395:(5): 877β890.
2375:
2304:(3): 211β226.
2273:
2262:(4): 253β269.
2242:
2205:(5): 853β855.
2185:
2152:
2127:
2092:
2085:
2064:
2037:
2007:
1982:
1975:
1951:
1938:(4): 1017β19.
1914:
1897:
1849:
1808:
1783:
1732:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1594:
1578:
1575:
1562:Phil Bronstein
1492:
1489:
1433:sea level rise
1425:climate change
1381:
1378:
1369:
1366:
1241:Main article:
1238:
1235:
1185:
1182:
1107:
1104:
1082:
1079:
1075:water buffalos
1062:
1059:
1055:buccal pumping
1024:prey, such as
986:apex predators
969:
966:
944:Males fighting
943:
936:
935:
934:
925:
924:
923:
922:
921:
919:
916:
837:
834:
830:beaded lizards
772:
769:
751:
748:
682:
679:
657:Early Pliocene
608:V. varius
591:
588:
584:biawak raksasa
564:Komodo monitor
544:
541:
481:Dutch colonial
468:
465:
457:Indonesian law
445:climate change
401:apex predators
366:monitor lizard
362:Komodo monitor
346:
345:
341:
340:
332:
331:
325:
314:
313:
307:
306:
299:
297:
293:
292:
285:
281:
280:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
195:
194:
181:
178:
177:
159:
156:
155:
150:
147:
146:
136:
135:
127:
126:
118:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7249:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7160:
7155:
7151:
7147:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7012:
7008:
7004:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6981:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6962:
6958:
6953:
6949:
6944:
6938:
6934:
6929:
6923:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6901:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6763:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6714:Ethnic groups
6712:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6589:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6206:Deforestation
6204:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6187:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6046:
6041:
6039:
6034:
6032:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5870:Palaeovaranus
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5837:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5794:V. yemenensis
5790:
5788:
5786:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5776:V. flavescens
5772:
5770:
5768:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5756:Sand goanna (
5754:
5752:
5750:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5740:V. acanthurus
5736:
5734:
5732:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5722:V. rudicollis
5718:
5716:
5714:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5523:V. salvadorii
5519:
5517:
5515:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5446:
5445:L. borneensis
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5299:
5297:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5281:
5280:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5236:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5119:
5116:
5109:
5101:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5078:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5045:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5018:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4943:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4837:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4812:
4804:
4800:
4793:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4673:
4669:
4662:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4596:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4336:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4297:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4234:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4157:
4140:
4136:
4135:San Diego Zoo
4132:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4091:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4061:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3902:
3895:
3894:
3888:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3706:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3652:(3): 545β51.
3651:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3561:(6116): 832.
3560:
3556:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3404:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3329:(6): e11097.
3328:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3231:Halliday, Tim
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3211:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3179:
3173:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3045:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2831:
2825:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2319:2027.42/72302
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:Ouwens, P. A.
1815:
1813:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:Papua monitor
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1595:
1592:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1521:San Diego Zoo
1502:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:aridification
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:IUCN Red List
1402:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:cell division
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1151:V. timorensis
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:water buffalo
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
987:
979:
978:water buffalo
974:
965:
961:
958:
954:
940:
929:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
894:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
833:
831:
827:
823:
817:
815:
811:
807:
806:
796:
792:
790:
789:insectivorous
786:
782:
778:
765:
761:
756:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:forked tongue
729:
725:
716:
712:
710:
706:
705:
695:
687:
678:
676:
672:
668:
667:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
646:
641:
640:
639:V. rosenbergi
635:
634:
629:
628:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:Komodo Island
569:
565:
557:
554:
549:
540:
536:
534:
528:
526:
522:
521:
516:
515:Komodo Island
511:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
473:
464:
462:
458:
454:
453:IUCN Red List
450:
446:
440:
438:
437:cannibalistic
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
411:, birds, and
410:
409:invertebrates
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:
353:
352:Komodo dragon
342:
338:
333:
328:
323:
321:
315:
312:
311:Binomial name
308:
304:
303:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
274:
271:
270:
267:
264:
261:
260:
257:
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
205:
200:
196:
190:
184:
179:
173:
168:
157:
153:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
53:
46:
42:
35:Komodo dragon
33:
30:
19:
6912:
6731:Homelessness
6701:Demographics
6641:Martial arts
6586:
6567:Architecture
6544:Prostitution
6414:
6382:
6346:Human rights
6331:Constitution
6189:Conservation
6145:(since 1998)
6142:
5999:
5992:
5987:Palaeosaniwa
5985:
5978:
5971:
5966:Morohasaurus
5964:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5938:Arcanosaurus
5936:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5793:
5784:
5775:
5766:
5757:
5748:
5739:
5730:
5721:
5712:
5703:
5694:
5685:
5676:
5667:
5659:V. giganteus
5658:
5650:V. jobiensis
5649:
5640:
5632:
5622:V. niloticus
5621:
5613:V. mitchelli
5612:
5603:
5594:
5585:
5576:
5574:
5567:
5559:V. olivaceus
5558:
5549:
5541:V. dumerilii
5540:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5504:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5456:
5444:
5432:
5421:H. suspectum
5420:
5411:
5402:
5393:
5384:
5278:
5238:. Retrieved
5234:
5207:
5187:
5178:
5159:
5143:
5121:. Retrieved
5117:
5108:
5084:
5077:
5065:. Retrieved
5061:the original
5054:
5044:
5027:
5024:Science News
5023:
5017:
5011:(3): 269β75.
5008:
5004:
4998:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4942:
4930:. Retrieved
4923:
4914:
4902:. Retrieved
4889:
4877:. Retrieved
4872:
4863:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4817:
4811:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4777:
4769:
4760:
4752:
4743:
4731:. Retrieved
4727:the original
4713:
4701:. Retrieved
4697:the original
4687:
4675:. Retrieved
4671:
4661:
4610:
4606:
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4579:the original
4565:
4556:
4546:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4475:. Retrieved
4471:
4462:
4450:. Retrieved
4445:
4421:. Retrieved
4407:
4395:. Retrieved
4391:the original
4377:
4365:. Retrieved
4358:
4348:
4335:
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4075:. p. D2
4070:
4060:
4050:26 September
4048:. Retrieved
4044:the original
4039:
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2980:
2927:
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2812:. Retrieved
2808:
2798:
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2775:
2770:. London Zoo
2756:
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2451:
2442:
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2426:
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2364:cite journal
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2130:
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2076:
2059:the original
2054:
2050:
2040:
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2024:the original
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1961:
1954:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1917:
1906:
1900:
1878:(3): 84β91.
1875:
1871:
1840:. Retrieved
1835:
1831:
1825:
1824:"On a large
1799:. Retrieved
1795:
1792:"Appendices"
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1760:
1754:
1748:
1693:(9): e7241.
1690:
1686:
1653:
1647:
1631:
1566:Sharon Stone
1559:
1555:
1546:Surabaya Zoo
1541:
1526:
1523:(video clip)
1491:In captivity
1473:
1445:
1418:
1414:
1394:
1380:Conservation
1371:
1354:
1307:chromosomal
1302:
1261:
1231:
1215:
1202:antagonistic
1195:
1184:Reproduction
1178:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1139:lace monitor
1130:
1120:
1091:blood plasma
1084:
1072:
1064:
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1037:
1018:
1014:
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983:
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852:
818:
814:Australasian
803:
801:
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744:parietal eye
721:
702:
700:
674:
664:
650:
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638:
632:
625:
611:
607:
604:lace monitor
600:sister taxon
593:
583:
579:
575:
567:
563:
561:
537:
529:
519:
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485:Peter Ouwens
478:
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429:
420:
398:
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361:
356:
355:
351:
349:
319:
317:
301:
300:
288:
276:
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7133:komodoensis
7037:iNaturalist
6937:Wikispecies
6811:Subdivision
6794:Subdivision
6756:LGBT rights
6691:Video games
6443:Agriculture
6361:Enforcement
6211:Earthquakes
6077:Prehistoric
5980:Telmasaurus
5952:Cherminotus
5945:Aiolosaurus
5903:Megalania (
5785:V. panoptes
5668:V. gilleni
5633:V. bitatawa
5604:V. mertensi
5568:V. glauerti
5550:V. prasinus
5514:V. doreanus
5478:V. beccarii
5469:V. salvator
5434:Lanthanotus
5412:H. horridum
5385:H. alvarezi
4557:Merdeka.com
4423:12 February
4397:12 February
4367:26 November
4341:Chester Zoo
3453:(3β4): 27.
3106:21 December
3073:25 November
2996:25 November
1776:19 November
1658:Pleistocene
1280:Chester Zoo
1256:Chester Zoo
1044:Pleistocene
900:vomeronasal
898:, with the
681:Description
645:V. panoptes
627:V. spenceri
580:buaya darat
390:Gili Motang
50:3.8β0
7176:Categories
6789:Historical
6724:Healthcare
6671:Properties
6636:Literature
6588:Rumah adat
6448:Automotive
6356:Censorship
6304:Historical
5758:V. gouldii
5677:V. melinus
5657:Perentie (
5595:V. indicus
5532:V. griseus
5505:V. baritji
5487:V. tristis
5317:Varanoidea
5146:. London:
4932:1 December
4879:1 December
4843:Indonesian
4703:25 October
4585:2 February
4343:in England
4204:(5): 463.
4145:27 October
3608:: e00624.
3427:0721652085
2525:: 107721.
2485:: 98β105.
2350:(1): 125.
2344:Cladistics
2298:Cladistics
2285:Varanoidea
2178:15 January
2120:8 November
2000:25 October
1801:14 January
1665:References
1638:Toxicofera
1553:in India.
1534:London Zoo
1481:extirpated
1401:Endangered
1342:chromosome
1325:polar body
1272:adaptation
1264:London Zoo
1116:Timor deer
1026:Javan rusa
908:taste buds
875:London Zoo
750:Morphology
740:chain-mail
736:osteoderms
653:Queensland
633:V. gouldii
618:New Guinea
500:London Zoo
449:Endangered
417:Javan rusa
405:ecosystems
284:Subgenus:
185:Appendix I
167:Endangered
6828:Nusantara
6736:Languages
6709:Education
6656:Mythology
6626:Festivals
6493:Transport
6405:President
6384:Pancasila
6336:Elections
6319:Districts
6309:Provinces
6273:Volcanoes
6236:Mountains
6155:Geography
6143:Reformasi
6052:Indonesia
5994:Saniwides
5959:Gobiderma
5895:Varanidae
5586:V. varius
5327:Kingdom:
5235:BBC Radio
4992:: 636β38.
4925:The Hindu
4904:4 January
4822:CiteSeerX
4677:8 October
4635:2045-7758
4522:0028-0836
4360:The Times
3918:Megalania
3788:2055-5008
3733:1042-7260
3538:0030-1299
3475:0028-1042
3353:1932-6203
3172:cite book
2954:1932-6203
2884:2397-334X
2557:252290750
1660:Australia
1530:Bronx Zoo
1501:Bronx Zoo
1452:East Java
1427:via both
1274:known as
1258:, England
1226:egg tooth
1207:hemipenes
1143:V. varius
1089:from the
1030:wild pigs
957:nocturnal
953:ectotherm
771:Dentition
543:Etymology
520:King Kong
510:in 1928.
370:Varanidae
296:Species:
266:Varanidae
222:Kingdom:
216:Eukaryota
144:Indonesia
7141:Species+
7055:11395309
6964:BioLib:
6922:Wikidata
6873:Category
6746:Refugees
6741:Religion
6666:Painting
6577:Colonial
6524:Abortion
6453:Aviation
6368:Military
6287:Politics
6072:Timeline
6056:articles
5877:Eosaniwa
5695:V. bushi
5347:Squamata
5341:Reptilia
5335:Chordata
5333:Phylum:
5329:Animalia
5266:category
5240:21 April
5158:(1981).
5123:23 March
5067:20 March
4733:24 March
4653:33072275
4530:17183308
4477:24 March
4452:13 March
4446:BBC News
4417:NBC News
4363:. London
4325:28 March
4280:(2008).
4174:11 March
4079:23 March
3980:Staff. "
3968:19451641
3877:14 March
3856:16292255
3806:28649410
3774:(1): 9.
3741:23805543
3666:12238371
3583:37203256
3491:16570624
3483:26936625
3371:20574514
3323:PLOS ONE
2972:38324523
2963:10849390
2924:PLOS ONE
2902:39048730
2893:11383799
2868:: 1β12.
2787:Archived
2764:Archived
2584:31297377
2427:phys.org
2409:33512509
2336:53623809
2328:34911248
2289:Squamata
2237:22809723
1822:(1912).
1727:19789642
1687:PLOS ONE
1577:See also
1485:ungulate
1456:Surabaya
1454:city of
1421:poaching
1222:megapode
1174:proteins
1127:perentie
1048:Holocene
1039:Stegodon
1022:ungulate
785:theropod
697:Juvenile
432:megapode
372:that is
262:Family:
256:Squamata
246:Reptilia
236:Chordata
232:Phylum:
226:Animalia
212:Domain:
172:IUCN 3.1
45:Holocene
41:Pliocene
7217:Varanus
7154:ZooBank
7120:1091028
7029:2470854
6883:Gallery
6857:Outline
6779:Costume
6766:Symbols
6686:Theatre
6631:Legends
6616:Cuisine
6611:Costume
6582:Mosques
6559:Culture
6549:Smoking
6512:Society
6488:Tourism
6468:History
6431:Economy
6372:Babinsa
6326:Cabinet
6263:Regions
6226:Islands
6221:Geology
6177:Climate
6167:Borders
6064:History
6001:Estesia
5458:Varanus
5364:species
5345:Order:
5339:Class:
4644:7548163
4615:Bibcode
4538:4311088
4502:Bibcode
4252:Bibcode
4206:Bibcode
4019:18 July
3959:2690028
3936:Bibcode
3922:priscus
3914:Varanus
3864:4386245
3836:Bibcode
3797:5445593
3749:9932073
3674:9670009
3610:Bibcode
3563:Bibcode
3518:Bibcode
3455:Bibcode
3362:2888571
3331:Bibcode
2932:Bibcode
2671:Bibcode
2527:Bibcode
2487:Bibcode
2458:6 March
2432:6 March
2228:3441001
2207:Bibcode
2145:19 June
1880:Bibcode
1842:6 March
1826:Varanus
1718:2748693
1695:Bibcode
1337:ovaries
1333:meiosis
1321:diploid
1317:haploid
1135:agamids
1100:biofilm
1087:peptide
896:stimuli
863:cochlea
861:to the
777:dentine
766:(G-I).
762:(D-F),
675:Varanus
622:Miocene
566:or the
451:by the
425:carrion
413:mammals
374:endemic
368:family
289:Varanus
277:Varanus
272:Genus:
252:Order:
242:Class:
187: (
170: (
119:↓
7107:104385
7068:202168
7016:VARNKO
7003:790179
6987:ECOS:
6878:Portal
6784:Emblem
6774:Anthem
6719:Health
6606:Cinema
6539:Piracy
6463:Energy
6395:Police
6268:Rivers
6172:Cities
6054:
5930:Others
5913:Saniwa
5845:Fossil
5362:Extant
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1211:cloaca
1197:Mating
1166:glands
1068:vipers
1061:Saliva
1028:deer,
980:corpse
891:, and
855:stapes
836:Senses
781:enamel
724:saliva
553:rupiah
459:, and
388:, and
386:Flores
378:Komodo
329:, 1912
327:Ouwens
7094:61221
7081:22884
7050:IRMNG
7042:39449
6980:7FFW5
6967:59493
6928:Q4504
6888:Atlas
6864:Index
6838:Songs
6823:Motto
6751:Women
6681:Sport
6651:Music
6646:Media
6621:Dance
6601:Batik
6572:Candi
6529:Crime
6458:Banks
6256:Flora
6251:Fauna
6231:Lakes
4723:CITES
4534:S2CID
4225:(PDF)
4194:(PDF)
3871:(PDF)
3860:S2CID
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3745:S2CID
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3670:S2CID
3642:(PDF)
3579:S2CID
3510:Oikos
3487:S2CID
2580:S2CID
2553:S2CID
2332:S2CID
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1838:: 1β3
1834:. 2.
1796:CITES
1642:clade
1477:Padar
1448:CITES
1390:Rinca
1268:sperm
1162:skull
1106:Venom
1009:urate
893:smell
889:taste
882:cones
867:hertz
689:Adult
616:) of
382:Rinca
189:CITES
183:CITES
7146:7119
7089:NCBI
7076:IUCN
7063:ITIS
7024:GBIF
7011:EPPO
6990:6201
6806:Flag
6409:List
5973:Ovoo
5847:taxa
5242:2023
5213:ISBN
5192:ISBN
5164:ISBN
5125:2008
5094:ISBN
5069:2008
5056:Time
4934:2023
4906:2009
4899:ISIS
4881:2023
4873:Phys
4735:2008
4705:2009
4679:2021
4649:PMID
4631:ISSN
4587:2007
4526:PMID
4518:ISSN
4479:2008
4454:2008
4425:2008
4399:2008
4369:2007
4327:2008
4290:ISBN
4176:2015
4147:2009
4107:ISBN
4081:2012
4052:2009
4021:2013
4008:ISBN
3964:PMID
3879:2008
3852:PMID
3802:PMID
3784:ISSN
3737:PMID
3729:ISSN
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3245:ISBN
3204:ISBN
3178:link
3158:ISBN
3127:ISBN
3108:2006
3075:2007
3038:ISBN
2998:2007
2968:PMID
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2898:PMID
2880:ISSN
2816:2020
2742:ISBN
2633:ISBN
2606:ISBN
2460:2021
2434:2021
2405:PMID
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2324:PMID
2233:PMID
2180:2007
2147:2007
2122:2007
2081:ISBN
2032:2007
2002:2007
1971:ISBN
1844:2017
1803:2022
1778:2021
1761:2021
1723:PMID
1469:Ende
1431:and
1397:IUCN
1032:and
968:Diet
871:deaf
828:and
810:iron
642:and
556:coin
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350:The
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6351:Law
5032:doi
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