2638:
1272:
979:
602:
38:
1536:
841:
373:
1485:
898:
1027:
1191:
433:
with government officials and diplomats. Additionally, the valide sultan spearheaded one of the most crucial elements of diplomacy within the
Ottoman Empire’s court: marriages of royal princesses. The most powerful and influential valide sultans had multiple daughters, with whom they forged crucial alliances through by marriage. During the 17th century, in a period known as the
472:
favorite concubine of the reigning sultan. The following influential valide sultans, Safiye Sultan, Kösem Sultan and Turhan Sultan, maintained this precedent and occupied positions of extreme power within the
Ottoman imperial court. These positions helped them solidify their own power within the imperial court and ease diplomatic tensions on a broader, international scale.
432:
The valide sultan also maintained special privileges that other harem members could not participate in. A valide sultan was not subject to sole seclusion within the confines of the palace. She had mobility outside of the harem, sometimes through ceremonial visibility to the public or veiled meetings
471:
Nurbanu Sultan became the first of the great valide sultans during the sixteenth century, as haseki as well as legal wife to Sultan Selim II. Nurbanu’s influential career as valide sultan established the precedent of valide sultan maintaining more power than her nearest harem rival, the haseki, or
413:
As the Valide sultan (Sultana mother), who had direct and intimate access to the Sultan's person, often influenced government decisions bypassing the
Imperial Council and the Grand Vizier altogether or the grille-covered window from which the Sultan or Valide sultan could observe Council meetings.
420:
also traditionally had access to considerable economic resources and often funded major architectural projects, such as the Atik Valide Mosque
Complex in Istanbul. Many valide sultans undertook massive philanthropic endeavors and buildings, as this was seen as one of the main ways to demonstrate
409:
would often have a significant influence on the affairs of the empire. She had great power in the court and her own rooms (always adjacent to her son's) and state staff. The valide sultan had quarters within the New Palace, where the Sultan himself resided, beginning in the 16th century.
252:
word originally meaning 'authority' or 'dominion'. By the beginning of the 16th century, this title, carried by both men and women of the
Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably
320:
were the son and daughter of
Suleiman the Magnificent. Like imperial princesses, the living mother and main consort of reigning sultans also carried the title after their given names, for example,
1504:
She was never called Büyük Valide Sultan officially, but she lived during the reign of her two grandsons (Ahmed and
Mustafa) and the reign of her great-grandson (Osman)
421:
influence and wealth. Valide sultans were also conveniently one of the few people within the empire with the station and means to embark on these expensive projects.
540:. In special cases, there were grandmothers, stepmothers, adoptive mothers and sisters of the reigning sultans who assumed the role, and eventually the title, of
2637:
176:
Normally, the living mother of a reigning sultan held this title. Those mothers who died before their sons' accession to the throne never received the title of
2280:
2246:
2074:
2412:
506:
were the biological mothers of the reigning sultans. The mothers who died before their sons' accession to throne, never assumed the title of
1726:
2370:
2284:
547:
317:
2847:
1108:
1604:
1384:
443:
to new heights. Two Valide sultans acted as regents for their sons, assuming the vast power and influence the position entailed.
2419:
1599:
497:
2940:
2430:
2327:
2199:
2164:
2134:
1939:
1869:
1792:
2787:
429:, was 2000 aspers, an extraordinary sum for the time, which revealed the highly influential position she held at court.
2986:
2837:
1032:
984:
1312:
2905:
2802:
2542:
2268:
2222:
2099:
1904:
1845:
1824:
1816:
1764:
1710:
1688:
1654:
1490:
969:
683:
457:
182:. In special cases sisters, grandmothers and stepmothers of a reigning sultan assumed the title and/or the functions
2920:
2915:
2398:
1271:
607:
475:
Most harem women who were slaves were never formally married to the sultans. Nevertheless, their children were
321:
111:
49:
2532:
2363:
888:
360:. Henceforth, the mother of the reigning sultan was the only person of non-imperial blood to carry the title
1754:
169:
149:
344:, as the position of main consort eroded over the course of 17th century, the main consort lost the title
2991:
2288:
2156:
Bu mülkün kadın sultanları : valide sultanlar, hatunlar, hasekiler, kadinefendiler, sultanefendiler
1861:
Bu mülkün kadın sultanları : vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler
340:. The evolving usage of this title reflected power shifts among imperial women, especially between the
312:) carrying the title before their given name, with imperial princesses carrying it after. For example,
2187:
2981:
2492:
2356:
634:
157:
141:
1727:"Muslims can celebrate Mothers Day because honoring your mother comes right after worshipping God"
1680:
1441:
The official and unofficial Büyük Valide
Sultans that lived in the reign of their grandsons are:
304:(for example, Sultan Suleiman Khan). In formal address, the sultan's children were also entitled
62:
2976:
2317:
1642:
555:
529:
414:
This left her at the heart of the political ongoings and machinations of the
Ottoman Empire.
383:
121:
2679:
2659:
2477:
1836:
Valeria
Heuberger, Geneviève Humbert, Geneviève Humbert-Knitel, Elisabeth Vyslonzil (ed.),
903:
271:(title for living mother of reigning Ottoman sultan before 16th century) also turned into
85:
8:
2872:
2462:
2405:
1609:
533:
521:
277:. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.
2862:
2754:
1234:
2950:
2867:
2832:
2240:
2068:
1277:
861:
537:
434:
341:
90:
72:
2857:
2842:
2704:
2699:
1322:
1196:
1070:
2852:
2434:
2343:
2323:
2264:
2228:
2218:
2195:
2170:
2160:
2130:
2105:
2095:
2056:
2028:
2003:
1945:
1935:
1910:
1900:
1875:
1865:
1841:
1820:
1812:
1788:
1760:
1706:
1684:
1650:
1146:
978:
215:
37:
2945:
2744:
2694:
2674:
1787:. Vol. II: Africa & the Middle East. London: Burke's Peerage. p. 238.
313:
80:
2729:
2313:
1993:
1967:
A. D. Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, Oxford: Clarendon, 1956, p.83
1780:
525:
226:
2877:
2772:
2689:
1365:
513:
152:. The Ottomans first formally used the title in the 16th century as an epithet of
2664:
2379:
2124:
1619:
2910:
2817:
1541:
1427:
1262:
846:
551:
461:
2930:
2900:
2797:
2612:
2391:
1400:
644:
517:
453:
422:
396:
27:
2935:
2827:
2669:
1594:
1579:
1555:
Following Mehmed IV's accession, she proclaimed herself as Büyük Valide Sultan
941:
2970:
2925:
2887:
2822:
2812:
2807:
2749:
2714:
2627:
2577:
2232:
2174:
2126:
Osmanlı padişahlarının yaşamlarından kesitler, hastalıkları ve ölüm sebepleri
2032:
2024:
Semiramis : Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik = festival through a Sultan's eyes
2007:
1949:
1896:
Semiramis : Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik = festival through a Sultan's eyes
1879:
1672:
1589:
1435:
765:
728:
601:
465:
336:
2782:
2109:
2060:
1914:
1899:. Filiz Özdem, Mary Işın, Semiramis Arşivi. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
1535:
840:
2955:
2792:
2777:
2739:
2709:
2597:
1379:
153:
2734:
2654:
2602:
2141:
Selim'in annesi olan Mihrişah, Gürcistan'dan kaçırılan bir papazın kızıydı
1929:
1859:
2719:
2572:
1894:
173:("cradle of the great"). or "the nacre of the pearl of the sultanate".
2724:
2684:
2587:
2552:
2507:
2482:
1998:
1981:
1181:
1012:
718:
309:
148:, lit. "Sultana mother") was the title held by the mother of a ruling
2646:
2622:
2592:
2582:
2567:
2557:
2537:
2517:
2502:
2457:
2212:
2154:
2022:
1564:
1521:
1431:
1224:
1136:
1098:
1017:
931:
807:
673:
476:
426:
372:
2089:
2050:
167:), superseding the previous epithets of Valide Hatun (lady mother),
2895:
2617:
2562:
2547:
2527:
2522:
2497:
2472:
2467:
1614:
1525:
1060:
883:
331:
2348:
1484:
437:, a series of incompetent or child sultans raised the role of the
2607:
2512:
2487:
2452:
2442:
1545:
1516:
1494:
1430:
and officially used only by her during the reign of her grandson
1369:
1355:
1326:
1281:
1238:
1200:
1150:
1112:
1074:
1036:
988:
945:
907:
850:
769:
755:
732:
687:
648:
611:
296:
to refer to their ruler. The emperor's formal title consisted of
203:
197:
1438:
who was deemed too young to fulfill the title of Valide Sultan.
1190:
1026:
897:
2319:
The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
1756:
The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
1703:
The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
1677:
The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
480:
249:
233:
53:
2447:
1584:
400:
255:
208:) literally means 'mother' in Ottoman Turkish, from Arabic
1864:(1. baskı ed.). Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Oğlak Yayıncılık.
399:
after the sultan himself. As the mother to the sultan, by
261:
2192:(Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications)
1668:
1666:
395:
was, in most cases, the most important position in the
1779:
2052:
Padişah anaları : resimli, belgesel tarih romanı
1982:"Müsrif, Fakat Hayırsever: Pertevniyal Valide sultan"
1663:
1647:
The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918
243:
1975:
1973:
621:
Christian slave of unknown origin, possibly Crimean
403:tradition ("A mother's right is God's right"), the
2285:Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism
2122:
2091:Esrâr Dede : hayatı, şiir dünyası ve dı̂vânı
2968:
2312:
2152:
1970:
1783:, ed. (1980). "The Imperial Family of Turkey".
425:'s daily stipend as valide sultan to her son,
2364:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1468:
1460:
1410:
585:
577:
541:
507:
501:
488:
447:
438:
415:
404:
390:
377:
355:
349:
325:
291:
285:
280:Western tradition knows the Ottoman ruler as
272:
266:
219:
183:
177:
43:
2261:The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher
2245:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2073:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
237:
209:
2764:
2371:
2357:
2263:, p.287. University of Texas Press, 2008.
2190:, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları
1741:
1705:. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
452:in the history of the Ottoman Empire were
36:
1997:
486:
2210:
2020:
1979:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1927:
1857:
1560:
1512:
1396:
1258:
1220:
1132:
1094:
1056:
1008:
965:
927:
806:
803:
778:
775:
764:
751:
669:
630:
446:The most powerful and well-known of all
371:
1636:
1634:
1605:List of Ottoman titles and appellations
1409:
496:The list does not include the complete
2969:
2194:, 15th Ed., 2009, page 387 & 395,
2129:. Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi. p. 184.
2087:
2048:
1752:
1700:
1600:List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans
498:list of mothers of the Ottoman sultans
2352:
2044:
2042:
1956:
1640:
1426:(Grandmother Sultana) was created by
334:, Suleiman's chief consort and first
225:
2214:The structure of the Ottoman dynasty
2211:Dolphin., Alderson, Anthony (1982).
1892:
1631:
1546:
1495:
1370:
1327:
1282:
1239:
1201:
1151:
1123:Daughter of Georgian Orthodox priest
1113:
1075:
1037:
989:
946:
908:
851:
770:
733:
688:
649:
612:
376:An eighteenth-century painting of a
367:
204:
145:
16:"Queen Mother" in the Ottoman Empire
2378:
1785:Burke's Royal Families of the World
284:, but the Ottomans themselves used
238:
13:
2306:
2039:
1809:The Private World of Ottoman Women
265:for men). Consequently, the title
14:
3003:
2337:
1729:. Beliefnet.com. 17 February 2011
1694:
354:, a title related to the earlier
2636:
1534:
1483:
1270:
1189:
1025:
977:
896:
839:
600:
2273:
2253:
2204:
2181:
2146:
2116:
2081:
2014:
1921:
1886:
162:
1980:Akyıldız, Ali (1 April 2016).
1851:
1830:
1801:
1773:
1719:
1292:Kurd or Romanian or Circassian
324:, Suleiman's mother and first
156:(died 1534), mother of Sultan
1:
1625:
1434:, thus limiting the power of
500:. Most who held the title of
483:if recognized by the father.
1781:Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh
1563:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1540:
1515:
1510:22 December 1603 – her death
1506:
1503:
1500:
1489:
1399:
1389:
1378:
1375:
1364:
1354:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1321:
1311:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1276:
1261:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1195:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1031:
1011:
1001:
998:
995:
983:
968:
958:
955:
952:
940:
930:
920:
917:
914:
902:
882:
879:
872:
865:
859:
856:
845:
825:
814:
792:
781:
754:
744:
741:
738:
727:
717:
714:
706:
699:
696:
693:
682:
672:
662:
659:
654:
643:
633:
623:
620:
617:
606:
150:sultan of the Ottoman Empire
7:
2628:Abdulmejid II (Caliph only)
2322:. Oxford University Press.
2281:"Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han"
2049:Kemal., Meram, Ali (1977).
1759:. Oxford University Press.
1573:
477:considered fully legitimate
244:
210:
10:
3008:
2730:Mehmed Abdülaziz Osmanoğlu
2123:Y. İzzettin Barış (2002).
1753:Peirce, Leslie P. (1993).
1701:Peirce, Leslie P. (1993).
1558:12 August 1648 – her death
1422:(Senior Valide Sultan) or
218:pronunciation of the word
2987:Turkish words and phrases
2886:
2763:
2645:
2634:
2429:
2386:
2259:Brookes, Douglass Scott,
2153:Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2015).
2094:. T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı.
1928:Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2007).
1858:Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008).
762:
308:, with imperial princes (
127:
117:
107:
99:
71:
61:
33:
23:
2745:Ertuğrul Osman Osmanoğlu
2399:Family tree (simplified)
2027:. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
660:Venetian or Jew or Greek
657:Rachel or Kale Karatanou
635:Suleiman the Magnificent
2750:Osman Bayezid Osmanoğlu
2088:Osman., Horata (1998).
2021:Günseli., İnal (2005).
1681:Oxford University Press
655:Cecilia Venier-Baffo or
198:
191:
2740:Mehmed Orhan Osmanoğlu
2406:Family tree (detailed)
2344:Guide2womenleaders.com
1893:İnal, Günseli (2005).
1469:
1461:
1411:
1249:Georgian or Circassian
860:Greek. Born on Tinos,
586:
578:
542:
508:
502:
489:
448:
439:
416:
405:
391:
387:
378:
356:
350:
326:
292:
286:
273:
267:
220:
184:
178:
44:
2720:Ahmed Nihad Osmanoğlu
1986:Osmanlı Araştırmaları
1641:Davis, Fanny (1986).
1383:adoptive daughter of
942:Saliha Dilaşub Sultan
556:Rahime Perestu Sultan
384:Jean Baptiste Vanmour
375:
314:Şehzade Sultan Mehmed
122:Rahime Perestu Sultan
2755:Dündar Ali Osmanoğlu
2725:Osman Fuad Osmanoğlu
1931:Famous Ottoman women
1412:Büyük valide sultans
1393:step-son's ascension
348:, which replaced by
42:A bust of the first
2735:Ali Vâsıb Osmanoğlu
2217:. Greenwood Press.
1610:Ottoman family tree
1547:ماه پیکر كوسم سلطان
1420:Büyük Valide Sultan
947:صالحه دل آشوب سلطان
852:ماه پیکر كوسم سلطان
818:son's reinstatement
227:[vaː.liˈde]
2992:Sultanate of Women
2868:Pertevniyal Sultan
2413:Line of succession
1999:10.18589/oa.583206
1934:. Istanbul: Avea.
1838:Cultures in Colors
1278:Pertevniyal Sultan
1085:Russian or Serbian
862:Republic of Venice
435:Sultanate of Women
388:
342:Sultanate of Women
2964:
2963:
2853:Sineperver Sultan
2329:978-0-19-508677-5
2200:978-975-269-299-2
2188:Yavuz Bahadıroğlu
2166:978-605-171-079-2
2136:978-975-6986-17-2
1941:978-975-7104-77-3
1871:978-975-329-623-6
1807:Godfrey Goodwin,
1794:978-0-85011-029-6
1673:Peirce, Leslie P.
1571:
1570:
1528:(great-grandson)
1407:
1406:
1371:رحيمه پرستو سلطان
1352:17 September 1889
1147:Sineperver Sultan
1057:21 September 1739
1050:20 September 1730
990:رابعه گلنوش سلطان
909:ترخان خدیجه سلطان
866:10 September 1623
826:10 September 1623
707:22 December 1603
624:30 September 1520
368:Role and position
135:
134:
103:30 September 1520
86:Dolmabahçe Palace
24:Valide Sultan of
2999:
2863:Bezmiâlem Sultan
2640:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2333:
2314:Leslie P. Peirce
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2287:. Archived from
2277:
2271:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2236:
2208:
2202:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2055:. Öz Yayınları.
2046:
2037:
2036:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1977:
1968:
1965:
1954:
1953:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1855:
1849:
1834:
1828:
1827:, 2001. page 128
1805:
1799:
1798:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1750:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1698:
1692:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1638:
1561:2 September 1651
1549:
1548:
1538:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1472:
1464:
1444:
1443:
1424:Büyükanne Sultan
1414:
1397:11 December 1904
1373:
1372:
1348:son's deposition
1330:
1329:
1305:son's deposition
1285:
1284:
1274:
1242:
1241:
1235:Bezmiâlem Sultan
1204:
1203:
1193:
1178:11 December 1828
1174:son's deposition
1154:
1153:
1116:
1115:
1088:13 December 1754
1078:
1077:
1047:Serbian or Greek
1040:
1039:
1029:
992:
991:
981:
949:
948:
911:
910:
900:
880:2 September 1651
876:son's deposition
854:
853:
843:
834:
829:son's deposition
823:
801:
796:son's deposition
793:26 February 1618
790:
782:22 November 1617
773:
772:
745:22 December 1603
736:
735:
691:
690:
663:15 December 1574
652:
651:
615:
614:
604:
589:
581:
561:
560:
545:
530:Tirimüjgan Kadın
511:
505:
492:
451:
442:
419:
408:
394:
381:
359:
353:
329:
295:
289:
276:
270:
247:
241:
240:
229:
223:
213:
207:
206:
201:
187:
181:
166:
165: 1520–1566
164:
147:
47:
40:
21:
20:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2982:Lists of queens
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2882:
2858:Nakşidil Sultan
2848:Mihrişah Sultan
2843:Şehsuvar Sultan
2759:
2705:Şehzade Bayezid
2700:Şehzade Mustafa
2660:Süleyman Çelebi
2641:
2632:
2425:
2420:List of mothers
2382:
2380:Ottoman Dynasty
2377:
2340:
2330:
2309:
2307:Further reading
2304:
2294:
2292:
2291:on 2 April 2012
2279:
2278:
2274:
2258:
2254:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2186:
2182:
2167:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2121:
2117:
2102:
2086:
2082:
2066:
2065:
2047:
2040:
2019:
2015:
1992:(47): 307–352.
1978:
1971:
1966:
1957:
1942:
1926:
1922:
1907:
1891:
1887:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1835:
1831:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1751:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1699:
1695:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1620:Sultana (title)
1576:
1544:
1493:
1416:
1403:(adoptive son)
1391:
1368:
1346:
1341:son's ascension
1339:
1325:
1323:Şevkefza Sultan
1309:5 February 1883
1303:
1298:son's ascension
1296:
1283:پرتو نهال سلطان
1255:son's ascension
1253:
1217:son's ascension
1215:
1197:Nakşidil Sultan
1172:
1167:son's ascension
1165:
1152:سینه پرور سلطان
1133:16 October 1805
1129:son's ascension
1127:
1109:Mihrişah Sultan
1091:son's ascension
1089:
1071:Şehsuvar Sultan
1053:son's ascension
1051:
1016:
1009:6 November 1715
1005:son's ascension
1003:
1002:6 February 1695
966:4 December 1689
962:son's ascension
960:
959:8 November 1687
924:son's ascension
922:
887:
874:
869:son's ascension
867:
849:
833:(second tenure)
832:
831:
827:
822:(second tenure)
821:
820:
816:
799:
798:
794:
788:
787:
785:son's ascension
783:
768:
752:9 November 1605
748:son's ascension
746:
731:
703:son's ascension
701:
700:15 January 1595
686:
670:7 December 1583
666:son's ascension
664:
656:
647:
627:son's ascension
625:
610:
548:Mihrimah Sultan
494:
370:
318:Mihrimah Sultan
194:
161:
142:Ottoman Turkish
131:1 November 1922
95:
57:
41:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3005:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Şivekar Sultan
2943:
2941:Hümaşah Sultan
2938:
2933:
2931:Muazzez Sultan
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2901:Nurbanu Sultan
2898:
2892:
2890:
2888:Haseki Sultans
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2873:Şevkefza Kadın
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Nurbanu Sultan
2795:
2790:
2788:Gülbahar Hatun
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2765:Valide sultans
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Şehzade Korkut
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2675:Mustafa Çelebi
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2613:Abdul Hamid II
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2392:Ottoman Empire
2387:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2339:
2338:External links
2336:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2272:
2252:
2223:
2203:
2180:
2165:
2145:
2135:
2115:
2100:
2080:
2038:
2013:
1969:
1955:
1940:
1920:
1905:
1885:
1870:
1850:
1829:
1800:
1793:
1772:
1765:
1740:
1718:
1711:
1693:
1662:
1655:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:Abdul Hamid II
1398:
1395:
1390:31 August 1876
1388:
1377:
1374:
1366:Perestu Sultan
1363:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1345:31 August 1876
1343:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:شوق افزا سلطان
1320:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:بزم عالم سلطان
1232:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:22 August 1817
1219:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1010:
1007:
1000:
997:
994:
982:
974:
973:
967:
964:
957:
954:
951:
939:
936:
935:
929:
926:
919:
916:
913:
901:
893:
892:
881:
878:
873:8 August 1648
871:
864:
858:
855:
844:
836:
835:
824:
812:
811:
805:
802:
800:(first tenure)
791:
789:(first tenure)
780:
777:
774:
763:
760:
759:
753:
750:
743:
740:
737:
726:
723:
722:
716:
713:
705:
698:
695:
692:
681:
678:
677:
671:
668:
661:
658:
653:
650:نور بانو سلطان
645:Nurbanu Sultan
642:
639:
638:
632:
629:
622:
619:
616:
605:
597:
596:
593:
590:
582:
574:
571:
568:
565:
534:Gülcemal Kadın
522:Mihrişah Kadın
518:Muazzez Sultan
493:
490:Valide Sultans
485:
454:Nurbanu Sultan
449:valide sultans
423:Nurbanu Sultan
397:Ottoman Empire
369:
366:
300:together with
259:for women and
193:
190:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
94:
93:
88:
83:
81:Topkapı Palace
77:
75:
69:
68:
65:
59:
58:
35:
34:
31:
30:
28:Ottoman Empire
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3004:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Valide sultan
2975:
2974:
2972:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Gülnuş Sultan
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Turhan Sultan
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:Safiye Sultan
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Hürrem Sultan
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2878:Perestu Kadın
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Saliha Sultan
2836:
2834:
2833:Gülnuş Sultan
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Turhan Sultan
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:Halime Sultan
2811:
2809:
2808:Handan Sultan
2806:
2804:
2803:Safiye Sultan
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:Nilüfer Hatun
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Abdulmejid II
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Şehzade Ahmet
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:Küçük Mustafa
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Abdul Hamid I
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2269:0-292-71842-X
2266:
2262:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2224:0-313-22522-2
2220:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2101:975-17-1954-2
2097:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1906:975-08-0928-9
1902:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1854:
1847:
1846:3-631-36808-9
1843:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1825:3-631-36808-9
1822:
1818:
1817:0-86356-745-2
1814:
1811:, Saqi Book,
1810:
1804:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1768:
1766:9780195086775
1762:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1712:0-19-507673-7
1708:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1689:0-19-508677-5
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1656:0-313-24811-7
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Haseki Sultan
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1509:
1492:
1491:Safiye Sultan
1486:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:Ceased to be
1466:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:Turhan Sultan
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:The title of
1413:
1402:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1342:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1299:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1117:
1114:مهر شاه سلطان
1110:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1041:
1034:
1033:Saliha Sultan
1028:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1006:
996:Evmania Voria
993:
986:
985:Gülnuş Sultan
980:
976:
975:
971:
963:
950:
943:
938:
937:
933:
928:4 August 1683
925:
921:8 August 1648
912:
905:
904:Turhan Sultan
899:
895:
894:
890:
885:
877:
870:
863:
848:
842:
838:
837:
830:
819:
813:
809:
797:
786:
767:
766:Halime Sultan
761:
757:
749:
730:
729:Handan Sultan
725:
724:
720:
712:
711:
704:
685:
684:Safiye Sultan
680:
679:
675:
667:
646:
641:
640:
636:
631:19 March 1534
628:
609:
603:
599:
598:
594:
591:
588:
584:Ceased to be
583:
580:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
562:
559:
557:
553:
549:
544:
543:valide sultan
539:
538:Gülistu Kadın
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Hürrem Sultan
510:
509:valide sultan
504:
503:valide sultan
499:
491:
484:
482:
478:
473:
469:
467:
466:Turhan Sultan
463:
459:
458:Safiye Sultan
455:
450:
444:
441:
440:valide sultan
436:
430:
428:
424:
418:
417:valide sultan
411:
407:
406:valide sultan
402:
398:
393:
392:Valide sultan
385:
380:
379:valide sultan
374:
365:
363:
358:
352:
347:
343:
339:
338:
337:haseki sultan
333:
332:Hürrem Sultan
328:
327:valide sultan
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
290:(emperor) or
288:
283:
278:
275:
274:valide sultan
269:
264:
263:
258:
257:
251:
246:
235:
231:
228:
222:
217:
212:
200:
189:
186:
185:valide sultan
180:
179:valide sultan
174:
172:
171:
159:
155:
151:
143:
139:
138:Valide Sultan
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
92:
91:Yıldız Palace
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
76:
74:
70:
67:Valide Sultan
66:
64:
60:
55:
51:
46:
45:Valide Sultan
39:
32:
29:
22:
19:
2956:Rabia Sultan
2911:Kösem Sultan
2818:Kösem Sultan
2793:Hafsa Sultan
2778:Devlet Hatun
2710:Sultan Yahya
2598:Abdulmejid I
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2318:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:the original
2275:
2260:
2255:
2213:
2206:
2191:
2183:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2125:
2118:
2090:
2083:
2051:
2023:
2016:
1989:
1985:
1930:
1923:
1895:
1888:
1860:
1853:
1837:
1832:
1808:
1803:
1784:
1775:
1755:
1731:. Retrieved
1721:
1702:
1696:
1676:
1646:
1643:"The Valide"
1542:Kösem Sultan
1520:
1508:(unofficial)
1507:
1470:Büyük valide
1462:Büyük valide
1453:Maiden name
1440:
1428:Kösem Sultan
1423:
1419:
1417:
1392:
1382:
1376:Rahime Hanim
1347:
1340:
1304:
1297:
1295:25 June 1861
1280:
1263:Abdülmecid I
1254:
1237:
1216:
1214:28 July 1808
1202:نقش دل سلطان
1199:
1173:
1171:28 July 1808
1166:
1149:
1128:
1126:7 April 1789
1111:
1090:
1076:شهسوار سلطان
1073:
1052:
1035:
1004:
987:
961:
944:
923:
906:
875:
868:
847:Kösem Sultan
828:
817:
795:
784:
747:
709:
708:
702:
665:
626:
608:Hafsa Sultan
570:Maiden name
552:Kösem Sultan
495:
474:
470:
462:Kösem Sultan
445:
431:
412:
389:
361:
345:
335:
322:Hafsa Sultan
305:
301:
297:
281:
279:
268:valide hatun
260:
254:
232:
195:
175:
168:
154:Hafsa Sultan
137:
136:
118:Final holder
112:Hafsa Sultan
108:First holder
50:Hafsa Sultan
18:
2936:Aşub Sultan
2921:Ayşe Sultan
2916:Ayşe Sultan
2828:Aşub Sultan
2670:Musa Çelebi
2573:Mustafa III
2543:Suleiman II
2463:Interregnum
1840:, page 68.
1691:(paperback)
1595:Kadınefendi
1580:Hanımefendi
1567:(grandson)
1524:(grandson)
1519:(grandson)
1447:Appearance
1385:Esma Sultan
1338:30 May 1876
1313:Abdülaziz I
1302:30 May 1876
1252:2 July 1839
1164:29 May 1807
1038:صالحه سلطان
970:Suleiman II
815:19 May 1622
771:حلیمه سلطان
734:خندان سلطان
710:son's death
564:Appearance
526:Şermi Kadın
481:Islamic law
170:mehd-i ulya
146:والده سلطان
2971:Categories
2783:Hüma Hatun
2685:Sultan Cem
2665:İsa Çelebi
2588:Mustafa IV
2553:Mustafa II
2508:Mehmed III
2493:Suleiman I
2483:Bayezid II
2295:6 February
1626:References
1513:After 1619
1496:صفیه سلطان
1478:Sultan(s)
1335:Circassian
1259:2 May 1853
1182:Mustafa IV
1095:April 1756
1013:Mustafa II
804:After 1623
719:Mehmed III
715:after 1619
689:صفیه سلطان
613:حفصه سلطان
595:Sultan(s)
158:Suleyman I
2655:Savcı Bey
2647:Claimants
2623:Mehmed VI
2603:Abdulaziz
2593:Mahmud II
2583:Selim III
2568:Osman III
2558:Ahmed III
2538:Mehmed IV
2518:Mustafa I
2503:Murad III
2478:Mehmed II
2458:Bayezid I
2241:cite book
2233:643105131
2175:961810963
2069:cite book
2033:654813573
2008:0255-0636
1950:472256214
1880:316234394
1565:Mehmed IV
1552:Anastasia
1522:Mustafa I
1432:Mehmed IV
1225:Mahmud II
1161:Bulgarian
1137:Selim III
1099:Osman III
1044:Elizaveta
1018:Ahmed III
932:Mehmed IV
857:Anastasia
808:Mustafa I
674:Murad III
427:Murad III
196:The word
128:Abolished
100:Formation
73:Residence
2618:Mehmed V
2563:Mahmud I
2548:Ahmed II
2528:Murad IV
2523:Osman II
2498:Selim II
2473:Murad II
2468:Mehmed I
2316:(1993).
2110:42858154
2061:23697956
1915:60520625
1683:, 1993,
1615:Seraglio
1574:See also
1526:Osman II
1211:Georgian
1061:Mahmud I
953:Katarina
884:Murad IV
697:Albanian
487:List of
248:) is an
56:, Turkey
2608:Murad V
2533:Ibrahim
2513:Ahmed I
2488:Selim I
2453:Murad I
2443:Osman I
2435:Caliphs
2431:Sultans
1517:Ahmed I
1459:Became
1356:Murad V
1246:unknown
1208:unknown
956:Serbian
889:Ibrahim
776:unknown
756:Ahmed I
742:Bosnian
618:unknown
576:Became
573:Origin
546:, like
512:, like
401:Islamic
310:şehzade
287:padişah
216:Turkish
2326:
2267:
2231:
2221:
2198:
2173:
2163:
2133:
2108:
2098:
2059:
2031:
2006:
1948:
1938:
1913:
1903:
1878:
1868:
1848:, 2001
1844:
1823:
1815:
1791:
1763:
1733:15 May
1709:
1687:
1653:
1475:Death
1358:(son)
1315:(son)
1289:Besime
1265:(son)
1227:(son)
1184:(son)
1139:(son)
1101:(son)
1063:(son)
1020:(son)
972:(son)
934:(son)
918:Russia
891:(son)
810:(son)
779:Abkhaz
758:(son)
739:Helena
721:(son)
676:(son)
637:(son)
592:Death
587:valide
579:valide
479:under
464:, and
362:sultan
357:khatun
346:sultan
330:, and
306:sultan
298:sultan
293:hünkar
282:sultan
250:Arabic
245:sulṭān
234:Sultan
221:valide
214:. The
211:wālida
199:valide
54:Manisa
2448:Orhan
1585:Harem
1501:Sofia
1456:Note
1450:Name
1380:Ubykh
1158:Sonya
1120:Agnes
1082:Maria
1015:(son)
999:Greek
915:Nadya
886:(son)
694:Sofia
567:Name
351:kadïn
256:hatun
239:سلطان
205:والده
63:Style
2324:ISBN
2297:2009
2265:ISBN
2247:link
2229:OCLC
2219:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2171:OCLC
2161:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2106:OCLC
2096:ISBN
2075:link
2057:OCLC
2029:OCLC
2004:ISSN
1946:OCLC
1936:ISBN
1911:OCLC
1901:ISBN
1876:OCLC
1866:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1789:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1735:2015
1707:ISBN
1685:ISBN
1651:ISBN
554:and
536:and
316:and
302:khan
192:Term
26:the
1994:doi
468:.
382:by
262:bey
224:is
52:in
2973::
2433:/
2283:.
2243:}}
2239:{{
2227:.
2169:.
2159:.
2139:.
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2071:}}
2067:{{
2041:^
2002:.
1990:47
1988:.
1984:.
1972:^
1958:^
1944:.
1909:.
1874:.
1819:,
1743:^
1679:,
1675:,
1665:^
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558:.
550:,
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
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364:.
242:,
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188:.
163:r.
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1996::
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386:.
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