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spite of this legacy of river engineering and land drainage the rivers of the Vale of
Pickering remain one of the most important wildlife features of the area. There are many species of aquatic birds, plants insects and mammals inhabiting the riparian areas and greyling and brown trout fish thrive in the rivers of the western area. The deep-sided drains that are managed by frequent dredging and contaminated by agricultural run off are poor habitats for wildlife. Drainage has created reasonably fertile soils, which are used for arable cultivation and for pasture. There are flat open pastures, areas of intensive arable production and more varied undulating, enclosed landscapes which creates diversity within the vale as a whole. Woodland is sparse but there is more in the east towards
336:, where the underlying aquifers met less porous rocks. Many of the parishes associated with the settlements are linear running from the vale bottom upwards to the higher ground, meaning that the long narrow parishes each had an amount of different types of soil and elevation. The second type of settlement is on the valley floor. These are small more widely spaced villages in areas of rising ground. These villages result from the relatively late enclosure of the carr lands following their drainage at the beginning of the 19th century. Long narrow lanes and tracks with wide grass verges link these settlements and solid well managed hedges.
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271:, was surrounded by birch trees, some of which had been cleared and used to construct a rough platform of branches and brushwood. Lumps of turf and stones had been thrown on top of this construction to make a village site. The site was probably visited from time to time by about four or five families who were engaged in hunting, fishing and gathering wild plants as well as manufacturing tools and weapons and working skins for clothes. On the southern edge of the vale lies
148:, the Vale of Pickering generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fair weather. In winter
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in light industry and the service industries occupy these. The largest employer in the district is the Malton Bacon
Factory, employing more than 2,000 people. Other businesses generally employ less than 25 people. In the Scarborough Borough area of the Vale of Pickering a small industrial estate is located at Hunmanby. The main source of employment in the vale is agriculture with tourism and retailing in the market towns and near to the coast.
267:, where archaeologists have found evidence of a permanent house 10,500 years ago on the shore of what was then a shallow lake, as well as "a wooden platform extending 18–20 feet over the surface of the lake itself near Scarborough, where, due to waterlogged conditions, a considerable quantity of organic remains as well as flint tools, have survived. This is Britain’s best-known Mesolithic site. The site, on the eastern shores of glacial
161:. Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. The temperature is usually lower at night and January is the coldest time of the year with an average maximum of 5.8 degrees Celsius. July is usually the warmest month with an average maximum of 19.4 degrees Celsius. Average annual rainfall is 755.0 mm (29.72 in) with rain falling on 129 days.
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are the largest centres of population in the
Ryedale District with about half of the population living there. The eastern part of the area is dominated by the influence of Scarborough. Each of the market towns within the Ryedale District has areas set aside for industrial use and small firms engaged
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The vale is rich in the remains of the
English medieval period, between the 11th and 15th centuries. There are castles, such as those at Helmsley and Pickering, as well as fortified manor houses and churches of the period. There is also a notable example of medieval strip fields at Middleton. In the
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The coastal belt has a rather different landscape. The land to the east was not part of glacial Lake
Pickering and glacial deposits have created a more hilly undulating landscape. In all areas agricultural development has resulted in a loss of natural habitats except for small relics of former areas
238:
Lake
Pickering gradually drained away leaving a complex of rivers and marshes. The carrs, marshes, ings and wet meadows have now all been drained by humans and, as well as the rivers, the landscape is crossed by a network of canalised drainage ditches and canals which regulate the water table. In
173:, the vale has a predominantly level topography covered by glacial drift deposits, with some rolling low ground on boulder clay and moraines in the far east. The underlying Jurassic sandstones and mudstones have little direct influence upon the landscape. There are minor outliers of
332:. The first group is the villages and towns on the northern and southern fringes of the area. These settlements were established in close proximity to each other on the approximate shoreline of the glacial lake. They were built along the
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and the North York Moors, and there is some eroded chalk from the Wolds mixed with sands at the base of the Wolds in the southeast. There are springs associated with calcareous aquifers in places on the periphery of the vale.
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Building materials vary from soft limestones and sandstones to harder gritstones. The steep slopes of the roofs suggests that the older buildings had thatch coverings but these have been mostly replaced by red pantiles.
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bring cold dry weather. In summer the anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions which can lead to drought. For its latitude this area is mild in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the
103:. The main line railway crosses the eastern part of the vale from south to north west linking Malton to Scarborough and the east coast rail line links Scarborough to Filey, and Bridlington. There is a
275:, where recent excavation has revealed continuous habitation since the Late Mesolithic Age, about 5000 BC. This site has revealed a great deal of dwelling and occupation evidence from the
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and its numerous tributaries flow eastwards and join the
Derwent to the north of Malton. The Derwent then flows southwards through Malton and the Kirkham gorge to eventually join the
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with connections to Whitby, which operates steam and old diesel engines in the tourist seasons. Administratively, the Vale of
Pickering lies wholly in the
210:, which rises on the North York Moors a few miles from Scarborough before draining southwards into the vale. At the western part of the area the
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The development of farming during the succeeding
Neolithic period is evident in the distribution of earth long barrows throughout the area.
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430:, the largest of the market towns in the vale, with Roman beginnings and good exhibitions of local archaeology in the museum.
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for the surrounding hills. At the eastern end of the area the canalised and straightened River
Hertford drains west into the
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The settlement pattern of the Vale of Pickering is striking. There are two types of settlement, both relating to the
35:. The landscape is rural with scattered villages and small market towns. It has been inhabited continuously from the
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83:) in the vale follow the shoreline of the glacial lake, which formed in the vale after the last ice age. The main
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period. The present economy is largely agricultural with light industry and tourism playing an increasing role.
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The Vale of Pickering is a low-lying plain, orientated in an east–west direction. It is well defined by the
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17th and 18th centuries wealthy landowners created fine buildings and estates such as those at
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on the southeastern edge of the vale uncovered the remains of a large Anglo Saxon settlement.
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408:, 17th century manor House with a sheltered walled garden on the banks of the River Rye.
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Page 46, "A History of Ancient Britain," by Neil Oliver,2012 Edition, Orion Books Ltd.
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222:. Many of the watercourses in the Vale are maintained by the Vale of Pickering
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and Roman villas, which indicate economic activity in the vale at the time.
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The earliest known evidence of human presence in the area dates back to the
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period. The most important remaining settlement of this period is that at
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25 years of archaeological research on the sands and gravels of Heslerton
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remains have been found on the fringe of the vale. There are sections of
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crosses the vale in a north–south direction, joining the market towns of
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carries traffic along a north–south coastal route through
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In 2011 excavations close to the present village of
607:. The Landscape Research Centre Ltd. Archived from
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in flood looking from the A169 road at Howe Bridge.
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to the west. The east–west-orientated main roads (
136:, a stream issuing as a spring at the base of the
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46:The location and roads of the Vale of Pickering
631:"Archaeological Excavations in Sherburn 2011"
356:Bacon Factory is the town's largest employer.
251:which are now being monitored and conserved.
495:"The Vale of Pickering Natural Area Profile"
474:"Vale of Pickering Internal Drainage Board"
16:Low-lying plain in North Yorkshire, England
708:. Ryedale District Council. 22 March 2002
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177:limestone in places at the foot of the
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95:. At the eastern edge of the vale the
553:Dr Nicky, Milner (13 November 2006).
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23:is a low-lying flat area of land in
555:Excavation in the Vale of Pickering
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320:The centre of the market town of
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638:www.landscaperesearchcentre.org
568:Dyer, James (6 February 2002).
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169:The site of the post glacial
59:escarpment to the south, the
450:. Met Office. Archived from
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279:period to the present day.
202:The Vale of Pickering is a
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63:limestone foothills of the
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770:Natural regions of England
765:Valleys of North Yorkshire
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71:coast to the east and the
706:"The Ryedale Local Plan"
661:. English Heritage. 2008
115:unitary authority area.
224:Internal Drainage Board
31:. It is drained by the
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255:History and settlement
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51:Location and transport
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601:Powlesland, Dominic.
572:. London: Routledge.
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313:and Ebberston Hall.
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454:on 29 September 2007
390:begun after 1120 by
360:The market towns of
737: /
394:, who also founded
234:Following the last
220:Barmby on the Marsh
681:"Valeof Pickering"
557:. York University.
381:Places of interest
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119:Physical geography
107:from Pickering to
67:to the north, the
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686:. Natural England
659:"North Yorkshire"
448:"English Climate"
21:Vale of Pickering
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132:Footbridge over
105:heritage railway
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230:Natural history
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179:Howardian Hills
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144:As part of the
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73:Howardian Hills
57:Yorkshire Wolds
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273:West Heslerton
269:Lake Pickering
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204:drainage basin
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710:. Retrieved
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609:the original
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452:the original
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423:Flamingoland
392:Walter Espec
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150:anticyclones
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643:15 December
520:"Star Carr"
334:spring line
292:Roman roads
155:Gulf Stream
101:Scarborough
759:Categories
524:York.ac.uk
479:26 October
435:References
330:topography
261:Mesolithic
241:West Ayton
236:glaciation
216:River Ouse
37:Mesolithic
386:Ruins of
370:Pickering
277:Neolithic
265:Star Carr
212:River Rye
196:River Rye
93:Pickering
85:A169 road
69:North Sea
61:Corallian
588:38948627
529:25 April
362:Helmsley
299:Sherburn
288:Iron Age
186:Drainage
175:Jurassic
109:Grosmont
729:54°12′N
615:15 June
344:Economy
245:Wykeham
208:Derwent
165:Geology
124:Climate
29:England
732:0°42′W
586:
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428:Malton
374:Malton
354:Malton
284:Bronze
89:Malton
712:3 May
690:3 May
684:(PDF)
665:3 May
634:(PDF)
504:3 May
498:(PDF)
458:3 May
418:Filey
714:2008
692:2008
667:2008
645:2018
617:2008
584:OCLC
574:ISBN
531:2017
506:2008
481:2020
460:2008
398:and
372:and
352:The
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243:and
194:The
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91:and
81:A170
79:and
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218:at
77:A64
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
