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fingers in the holes, my companions and I entered the complex, and were met with a beautiful cross celebrating
Birgitta and her daughter Catherine, painted by a Pentecostal icon painter. Most remarkable was the vaulting of this massive Gothic complex. Brigittine nuns wear the "Crown of the Five Holy Wounds" with five red symbolic stones. In the same way, the five bosses connecting the Gothic ribbing are here painted red, causing pilgrims to momentarily become Brigittines themselves, their heads enclosed with the five wounds as they step under every vaulted bay. Although there was some destruction and damage to statues from invading Danish soldiers, most here have survived. We make our way to the still-preserved relics of Birgitta, but are interrupted by a bell. Thirty pilgrims stop to gather in the rear of the church for a Taizé prayer service before a gorgeous Byzantine icon of Christ made by that same Pentecostal painter.
242:
563:, who left the abbey to marry. In 1544 the King, reportedly after having been asked by some of the monks and nuns, issued an instruction which specifically allowed the nuns and monks to leave the Vadstena Abbey to marry if they wished to, and specifically forbade the abbess and the other members of the abbey from stopping them. The younger nuns were reportedly more willing to leave than the older, but the nuns in general stayed more often than the monks. In large part, this may be due to the fact that the monks, after having converted to Lutheranism, were provided with the professions of medical doctor, pastor or teacher, while the nuns seldom had a choice other than marriage. As a result, far more of them remained in the abbey than did the monks.
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547:. The existing members were allowed to stay until their death, to be supported by an allowance from the former property of the monastery, or to leave if they wished. Vadstena Abbey, however, was exempted from this ban and allowed to accept novices even after the Reformation, though only by special permission from the monarch. This regulation was directed to Bishop
714:
that as a part of the
Vadstena Insane Asylum until 1951. The northern building, which contains the nuns' chapterhouse and dormitory, was going to be converted into other uses when in 1956 it was discovered to contain substantial remains of a thirteenth-century royal palace. A thorough restoration was undertaken and in 2003 it became a monastery museum,
598:. In 1549, the majority of the monks were ordered to leave the abbey. In 1550, the nuns were moved to the smaller part of the abbey, the wing previously belonging to the monks, and in 1555 the male contingent of the abbey was formally abolished and Vadstena Abbey became an all-female community. During the
558:
The Abbey had a favorable position because of its international fame and because of its strong ties with the
Swedish nobility, due to its foundress. Many of the monks and nuns were from the nobility, including the King's own sister, Anna. It also served as a burial ground for many noble families. The
713:
was established in both the male and female sections of the former abbey. From the 1840s, it also received patients with other illnesses and became a public hospital. The hospital was moved to modern facilities in 1909. The nuns' section of the abbey was used as a prison from 1810 to 1825, and after
1115:
But the
Lutheran pastor who met us there was not the steward of an empty shell, but instead oversaw a living devotional site frequented by Protestants and Catholics alike. (It does not hurt that Birgitta's forceful critique of the papacy led some to see her as proto-Protestant.) After placing our
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of saints were banned and
Protestant services were ordered to be held in the Abbey church. The nuns are reported to have plugged their ears during the sermon. An inventory of the abbey's valuables was made by the Crown, and in 1543, most of the books and valuables were confiscated. The abbey was
449:(Old Swedish Texts Society) of Stockholm. The manuscripts are held in the Royal Library, Stockholm (including two in Swedish in Birgitta's handwriting), and at the University Libraries of Uppsala (which also has contemplative manuscripts in English connected with the English mission), and Lund.
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The abbey was greatly favored by the royal house and nobility and became the spiritual center of the country as well as the greatest landowner in Sweden. The abbey was known to manage a hospital and retirement home, which is recorded from 1401. Early on, Vadstena Abbey supported
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sought asylum in the abbey, but was forced out and arrested all the same. In 1419, the abbey was subjected to an investigation wherein the abbess, as well as the nuns, were accused of having accepted personal gifts and having entertained male guests at unacceptable hours.
1065:
Frans Oscar VĂĄgman (Swedish): Vreta
Kloster. Historik jämte vägledning vid besök i Vreta klosters kyrka och dess omgifning (Vreta Abbey. History and guidance during visits at the Vreta Church and convent) Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Sönders Förlag
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The abbey church is still standing and contains a few memorials of St. Bridget. This devotional site, known as The Blue Church, is visited by both
Lutheran and Roman Catholic pilgrims. The Blue Church contains relics of Saint Bridget in a red-coloured
831:
1550 - The Abbey church is closed to the members of the abbey, who are limited to use of the former monks' chapel. The nuns and the few remaining monks are limited to the use of only the small wing of the abbey formerly the monks'
706:(home for veterans) was founded for retired and invalid soldiers and their families, and was housed in the former nuns' wing for over 140 years. It also provided a school for the soldiers' children. The home was closed in 1783.
609:(1569–1592), the abbey was restored and enriched, and the abbess was on very good terms with the royal couple. In 1575, John III granted the abbey the right to receive novices without restriction again, and his Catholic Queen,
515:, Bergen and Danzig. It kept in contact with other monasteries, performed inspections of them and sent both nuns and monks to them when they were lacking in members. In 1406, for example, an English delegation headed by
816:
1527 - The
Reformation bans the Abbey from accepting any new novices without special permission from the monarch. The nuns and monks are given permission to leave the community if they so wish.
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After Karin
Johansdotter left the former abbey in 1605, the buildings were left empty for almost 40 years. There were plans to found a university in them, but nothing came of this. In 1641, a
495:, the latter often aristocratic women, who had a poor reputation among Church authorities. In 1412, the abbey was ordered to expel them, but this was not done until 1506. In 1436, the bailiff
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and established a convent outside of the grounds of the former abbey. In 1963 the convent was refounded as a
Bridgettine convent of the original branch of the Order (see further below).
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Three other buildings also remain: the best preserved is the royal palace/nuns' chapterhouse/museum mentioned above; the other two have been converted into a hotel and restaurant.
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760:, one of the very few abbeys of the original branch of the Order that still remain, and currently numbers eight nuns. In 1991 it was raised to the status of an autonomous abbey.
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of Vadstena Abbey. In 1595, the majority of the remaining 11 nuns left with their abbess and, after having spent the winter in Söderköping, sailed to the Bridgettine Abbey of
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Oath of 1564 and the nuns were made to take their vows a second time. Possevino also left with a group of boys to be educated as Catholic priests. In 1587, the first Catholic
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to prepare Catholic priests was founded. The Catholic King Sigismund granted the Vadstena Abbey his protection at his coronation in 1594. The Papal Legate
523:, and in 1415 four nuns, three female novices, one monk and one priest left the abbey under great celebrations for the foundation of what became the famed
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Martin Luther may have called her die tolle Brigit, "crazy Birgitta," but there was her body—enclosed in a red casket, now tastefully tended by Lutherans.
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allowed to receive private donations on condition that the monks refrain from the public Catholic sermons they had evidently been preaching until then.
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nuns and monks of Vadstena Abbey were, however, allowed to leave the abbey if they wished. Among the most notable who did leave was Abbess
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1587 - The first public Solemn Mass since the Reformation is celebrated in the presence of the King and Crown Prince.
675:, was allowed to stay in the building of the former abbey employed as a caretaker to the abbey's gardens until 1605.
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as well as medieval sculptures of Saint Bridget, Saint Anne and the Blessed Virgin Mary and other medieval art.
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The will in which King Magnus IV and Queen Blanche donates 10 farms to support the foundation of Vadstena Abbey
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since the Reformation was held in the abbey during a visit by the King and the Crown Prince, and in 1592, a
487:, while the abbey as a whole was organised under an abbess, who was elected by both the monks and the nuns.
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of her remains to the Abbey Church in 1394 added greatly to the fame and riches of her community. Prioress
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or of the legends of the saints. Such writings as are extant have been published for the most part by the
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1228:(Swedish) Studier i Vadstena klosters och Birgittinordens historia intill midten af 1400-talet microform
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1541 - The Abbey is allowed to receive private donations again, but most of its assets are confiscated.
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The present-day monastery of Bridgettine nuns, situated near the ancient abbey, is named Mary's Peace (
324:. It was active from 1346 until 1595 and has been active since 1963, regaining status as an autonomous
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Vadstena Abbey was granted large donations by private benefactors, both from the public and from the
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1641 - A home for retired and invalid soldiers is founded in the former abbey. It is closed in 1783.
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Berömda nunnor i Vadstenas historia i Wilhelmina Stålberg, Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor (1864)
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of 1567, the abbey was looted by Danish soldiers. In 1568, the number of nuns was counted as 18.
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in 1527, monastic communities in Sweden were effectively ended by the ban against accepting new
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in July 1596. Of these, one married an officer and courtier of Charles IX, another one became
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1575 - King John III of Sweden allows the Abbey to accept novices without restriction again.
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and her family, the former Abbess Birgitta Botolfsdotter and her wealthy husband, Queen
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1595 - Duke Magnus is buried here and the monastic community of the Abbey is dissolved.
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Bridgetine literature consisted mostly of translations into Swedish of portions of the
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Lennart Jörälv (Swedish): Reliker och mirakel. Den heliga Birgitta och Vadstena (2003)
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456:(abbess 1473, died 1486), author of a work on the family of St. Bridget (printed in "
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1544 - The monarch specifically bans the abbey from preventing members from leaving.
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1540 - The Catholic Mass is banned and Protestant services are held in the abbey.
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1430 - Queen Philippa is buried here and the Church of Vadstena Abbey is blessed.
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659:, in the spring of 1596. Three remaining nuns were there for the visit of Bishop
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The abbey started on one of the farms donated to it by the king, but the town of
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In May 1540, the Abbey was visited by the local Protestant bishop. The Catholic
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1381–1385 : Margareta Bosdotter (Oxenstierna) (not officially installed)
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1935 - Sisters of the Order of Saint Bridget open a rest home on the estate.
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arrived asking for members in order to establish a Bridgettine monastery in
483:. The monks were organised under the General Confessor and the nuns under a
383:, on arriving there in 1374 with the relics of her mother, found only a few
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1810 - A prison is founded in the former nuns' wing. It is closed in 1825.
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Vadstena klosters minnesbok microform (Swedish): Diarium vazstenense
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1991 - The monastery is raised to the status of an autonomous abbey.
368:, who made a will donating ten farms, including that of Vadstena in
2015:
1162: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1592 - A seminary for the education of Catholic priests is founded.
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Of these authors, the best known belonging to Vadstena are perhaps
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1346 - King Magnus IV and Queen Blanche donate the royal estate
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and assets where declared crown property in accordance with the
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1238:(Swedish) Historiskt bibliotek utgifvet af Carl Silfverstolpe
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1580 - The Abbey is visited and reformed by the Papal Legate
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visited the abbey and a young girl was accepted as a novice.
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1549 - The majority of the monks are evicted from the abbey.
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Monasterium sanctarum Mariæ Virgìnis et Brigidæ in Vatzstena
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Later in 1594, however, the Protestant Duke Charles, later
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1565–1593 : Katarina Benktsdotter Gylta (second time)
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in 1527 after an elopement by a novice the previous year.
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of all the monasteries of the Bridgettine Order, such as
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317:
756:). It was established from a Bridgettine abbey in the
690:, died in 1595 he was buried in the abbey church. His
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of the abbey (1476–1514), who composed several works.
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Christian monasteries established in the 14th century
2099:
Monasteries dissolved under the Swedish Reformation
935:
1457–1465 : Ingeborg of Holstein (second time)
725:of the Birgittine Order came to Vadstena under the
530:
1137:. Institute on Religion and Public Life. June 2014
1105:. Institute on Religion and Public Life. June 2014
813:1495 - A printing press is installed at the abbey.
503:Vadstena Abbey also had international fame as the
980:1539–1548 : Katarina Mattsdotter (died 1559)
838:1567 - Danish soldiers loot the abbey during the
2045:
2094:Buildings and structures in Östergötland County
1250:Website of the Abbey of Mary's Peace, Vadstena
1574:
1290:
1276:
780:gives his approval to the plan of St Bridget.
418:was invested at Vadstena by his great-aunt,
1129:"Not So Secular Sweden by Matthew Milliner"
1097:"Not So Secular Sweden by Matthew Milliner"
890:
790:1374 - The remains of Bridget are taken to
582:. Among the notable benefactors were Queen
1954:Apostolic Vicariate of the Nordic Missions
1283:
1269:
1214:Vadstena klosters uppbörds- och utgiftsbok
1200:Signum svenska kulturhistoria (Swedish ):
1167:
1091:
1089:
351:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1121:
773:to the foundation of a future monastery.
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279:
264:
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248:
240:
32:This article includes a list of general
1086:
953:1496–1501 : Margareta Thuresdotter
801:1384 - The Abbey is officially blessed.
2046:
938:1465–1473 : Katarina Petersdotter
929:1452–1456 : Katarina Bengtsdotter
810:1451 - Queen Catherine is buried here.
399:, granddaughter of Saint Bridget. The
111:
2064:14th-century establishments in Sweden
1264:
1255:Website of the Vadstena Klostermuseum
1075:
983:1548–1553 : Margareta Nilsdotter
919:1422–1447 : Bengta Gunnarsdotter
1218:Wilhelmina StĂĄlberg (Swedish) :
1212:Carl Silfverstolpe (Swedish) :
1178:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1079:Svenska kyrkoreformationens historia
993:1564–1565 : Ingegerd Larsdotter
932:1457–1457 : Katarina Ulfsdotter
18:
2009:Episcopal Conference of Scandinavia
1990:Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockholm
804:1391 - Bridget is declared a saint.
697:
376:, to the abbey founded by Bridget.
310:Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockholm
13:
2089:20th-century Christian monasteries
1168:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
517:Henry FitzHugh, 3rd Baron FitzHugh
395:. The first recognized abbess was
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2115:
2104:Burial sites of the House of Vasa
2054:Bridgettine monasteries in Sweden
1243:
1082:(in Swedish). Leffler och Sebell.
475:, with both a male section of 25
403:of Saint Bridget in 1391 and the
356:The abbey was founded in 1346 by
2069:1595 disestablishments in Europe
2026:
2014:
1335:
1157:
531:Post-reformation and dissolution
300:), more commonly referred to as
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1984:Scandinavian Bishops Conference
1220:Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor
545:Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden
379:The daughter of Saint Bridget,
1796:St. Clare's Priory (Stockholm)
1192:, vol. 31 (1921), col. 263 ff.
1069:
1059:
1050:
910:(officially installed in 1388)
798:is elected Abbess of Vadstena.
535:After the introduction of the
335:grew up around it. It was the
1:
2079:Gothic architecture in Sweden
2074:1963 establishments in Sweden
2059:1346 establishments in Europe
1944:
1850:
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1638:
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1612:
1599:
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647:, took power and ordered the
447:Svenska fornskriftsällskapet
360:with the assistance of King
119:Location within Östergötland
7:
1257:(Vadstena Monastery Museum)
1196:Vadstena monastery and city
1020:
988:Katarina Bengtsdotter Gylta
883:of Saint Bridget is opened.
479:and a female section of 60
458:Scriptores Rerum Svecicarum
411:died at the abbey in 1399.
261:The inner yard of the Abbey
10:
2120:
1801:St. John's Priory (Kalmar)
1076:Anjou, Lars Anton (1850).
900:(not officially installed)
727:Saint Elisabeth Hasselblad
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2003:
1925:
1843:
1806:St. Peter's Priory (Lund)
1676:
1481:
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1386:
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1292:Catholic Church in Sweden
840:Northern Seven Years' War
694:can still be seen today.
605:During the reign of King
600:Northern Seven Years' War
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1564:Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
891:The abbesses of Vadstena
879:1963 - The Monastery of
709:In 1795, a hospital for
460:", III, I, 207-16), and
1892:Westrogothian rebellion
1706:Blackfriars (Stockholm)
1515:Archbishopric of Bremen
1322:Saint Francis of Assisi
783:1373 - Bridget dies in
352:Foundation and duration
53:more precise citations.
2021:Catholicism portal
1864:Dalecarlian rebellions
1761:Mariefred Charterhouse
1731:Greyfriars (Stockholm)
1542:(12th–13th centuries)
1534:Archdiocese of Uppsala
1378:Malteser International
976:Birgitta Botolfsdotter
915:Gerdeka Hartlevsdotter
794:. Her daughter, Saint
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716:Vadstena klostermuseum
561:Birgitta Botolfsdotter
297:
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269:Gravestones of Queens
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1916:War against Sigismund
1175:Catholic Encyclopedia
1027:Bjärka-Säby Monastery
943:Margareta Clausdotter
898:Catherine of Vadstena
796:Catherine of Vadstena
744:Modern abbey (1991– )
584:Margaret Leijonhufvud
537:Reformation in Sweden
493:Beghards and Beguines
454:Margareta Clausdotter
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224:58.45056°N 14.89139°E
128:Monastery information
1966:Apostolic prefecture
1450:Hubertus Brandenburg
1001:Katarina Olofsdotter
970:Katarina Eriksdotter
924:Ingeborg of Holstein
908:Ingegerd Knutsdotter
671:, and the last one,
645:Charles IX of Sweden
438:, are located here.
409:Christina Nilsdotter
397:Ingegerd Knutsdotter
1972:Apostolic vicariate
1904:Liturgical Struggle
1603: 11th century
1528:Archdiocese of Lund
964:Anna Germundsdotter
661:Abraham Angermannus
638:Germanico Malaspina
464:, monk and General
393:Bishop of Linköping
362:Magnus IV of Sweden
343:from 1346 to 1595.
220: /
191:Östergötland County
83:
1880:Gustav I of Sweden
1870:Recess of Västerås
1736:Greyfriars (Ystad)
1462:Knut Ansgar Nelson
1189:Nordisk familjebok
1015:Jenny Maria Schaub
771:Vadstena kungsgĂĄrd
673:Karin Johansdotter
611:Catherine Jagellon
389:Religious Superior
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229:58.45056; 14.89139
171:Jenny Maria Schaub
150:1963 (second time)
81:
2041:
2040:
2033:Sweden portal
1999:
1998:
1839:
1838:
1811:VĂĄrfruberga Abbey
1689:
1656:(1164–1534/1606 )
1635:Tuna "Eskilstuna"
1444:Anders Arborelius
1373:Catholic Cemetery
1170:Abbey of Vadstena
1013:2016– :
1007:1991–2016 :
999:1593–1595 :
986:1553–1564 :
974:1534–1539 :
968:1529–1534 :
962:1518–1529 :
956:1501–1518 :
947:1487–1496 :
941:1473–1486 :
922:1447–1452 :
913:1403–1422 :
906:1385–1403 :
896:1374–1381 :
850:Antonio Possevino
723:religious sisters
711:venereal diseases
657:Marienbrunn Abbey
618:Antonio Possevino
462:Nicolaus Ragvaldi
436:Carl II of Sweden
416:Eric of Pomerania
341:Bridgettine Order
322:Bridgettine Order
304:, is situated on
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148:1346 (first time)
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1886:Ă–rebro Synod
1766:Nydala Abbey
1751:Julita Abbey
1741:Gudhem Abbey
1721:Dalby Priory
1701:Askeby Abbey
1681:and convents
1667: 1100s
1642: 1100s
1304:of Stockholm
1219:
1213:
1201:
1187:
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1146:
1139:. Retrieved
1134:First Things
1132:
1123:
1114:
1107:. Retrieved
1102:First Things
1100:
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1071:
1061:
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990:(first time)
926:(first time)
880:
776:1370 - Pope
747:
739:
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704:Krigsmanshus
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677:
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622:Papal Legate
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401:canonization
378:
374:Östergötland
355:
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306:Lake Vättern
301:
289:
287:
139:Bridgettines
65:
56:
37:
1980:(1860–1873)
1974:(1783–1953)
1968:(1781–1783)
1956:(1667–1781)
1948: 1527
1918:(1598–1600)
1906:(1574–1593)
1900:(1542-1543)
1882:(1527–1560)
1866:(1524–1533)
1854: 1527
1845:Reformation
1821:Vreta Abbey
1679:monasteries
1669:/1249–1554)
1650:(1163–1530)
1631:/1129–1536)
1629: 1100
1616: 1129
1592:(1164–1557)
1536:(1164–1557)
1530:(1104–1164)
1483:Middle Ages
1464:(1957–1962)
1458:(1962–1976)
1456:John Taylor
1452:(1977–1998)
1202:Renässansen
758:Netherlands
692:sarcophagus
680:Magnus Vasa
649:dissolution
630:Solemn Mass
553:Gustav Vasa
505:motherhouse
405:translation
370:Dal Hundred
337:motherhouse
320:within the
284:Aerial view
227: /
202:Coordinates
145:Established
59:August 2023
51:introducing
2048:Categories
2007:See also:
1929:Tridentine
1876:Reductions
1831:Ă–ved Abbey
1776:Roma Abbey
1522: 829
1509: 829
1492: 829
1327:Saint Mary
1317:Saint Eric
1044:References
958:Anna BĂĽlow
764:Chronology
754:Pax Mariae
626:Tridentine
572:veneration
549:Hans Brask
525:Syon Abbey
215:14°53′29″E
212:58°27′02″N
34:references
1898:Dacke War
1786:Sko Abbey
1622:Strängnäs
1609:Linköping
1426:Elizabeth
1421:Catherine
1345:Education
881:Pax Mariæ
466:Confessor
428:Catherine
328:in 1991.
314:monastery
312:and is a
275:Catherine
253:The Abbey
161:Stockholm
1826:Ă…s Abbey
1654:Västerås
1577:dioceses
1361:Services
1208:Register
1021:See also
832:section.
792:Vadstena
634:seminary
607:John III
570:and the
551:by King
513:NĂĄdendal
485:prioress
434:of King
424:Philippa
387:under a
333:Vadstena
271:Philippa
187:Vadstena
183:Location
173:(2016– )
1992:(1953–)
1986:(1960–)
1933:(1563–)
1596:Sigtuna
1590:Uppsala
1554:(1240s)
1548:(1150s)
1475:History
1446:(1998–)
1436:Bishops
1416:Bridget
1396:Sigfrid
1368:Caritas
1302:Diocese
1166::
778:Urban V
541:novices
521:England
385:novices
366:Blanche
347:History
339:of the
308:in the
156:Diocese
47:improve
1962:(1781)
1950:–1977)
1912:(1593)
1894:(1529)
1888:(1529)
1872:(1527)
1856:–1600)
1677:Former
1644:–1170)
1618:–1527)
1605:–1164)
1575:Former
1560:(1293)
1552:Second
1524:–1104)
1511:–1087)
1494:–1527)
1411:Ingrid
1406:Helena
1388:Saints
1204:(2005)
1186:", in
1141:18 May
1109:18 May
1066:(1904)
735:casket
653:Danzig
615:Jesuit
195:Sweden
167:Abbess
36:, but
1926:Post-
1648:Växjö
1584:Skara
1558:Third
1546:First
1467:(...)
750:Latin
678:When
620:, as
509:Reval
477:monks
443:Bible
326:abbey
294:Latin
134:Order
1686:List
1401:Eric
1143:2014
1111:2014
785:Rome
684:Duke
667:to
594:and
568:Mass
481:nuns
318:nuns
288:The
273:and
178:Site
1878:of
1660:Ă…bo
1172:".
686:of
316:of
2050::
1945:c.
1851:c.
1664:c.
1639:c.
1626:c.
1613:c.
1600:c.
1519:c.
1506:c.
1489:c.
1145:.
1131:.
1113:.
1099:.
1088:^
752::
718:.
682:,
655:,
590:,
527:.
511:,
430:,
372:,
296::
193:,
189:,
1943:(
1849:(
1688:)
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1662:(
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1611:(
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1284:e
1277:t
1270:v
852:.
842:.
787:.
292:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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