367:(which does not have the balance problems of the V6 engine). Therefore, the flat-six engine has been used in various automobiles, whereas use of the 120 degree V6 engine has been limited to a few truck and racing car engines, with the exception of McLaren Automotive's M630 V6 engine, which uses a 120 degree bank angle with a single balance shaft to eliminate all primary couples. The McLaren M630 engine also takes advantage of the wide angle by placing the turbochargers inside the vee, commonly referred to as a 'hot vee' configuration. The Ferrari 296 GTB is the first Ferrari road car to sport a V6 turbo with a vee angle of 120 degrees between the cylinder banks.
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configuration, unlike the 60 degree or 90 degree configurations, would not require crankshafts with flying arms, split crankpins, or seven main bearings to be even-firing. However, the primary imbalance caused by odd number of cylinders in each bank still remains in a 120 degree V6 engine. This differs from the perfect balance achieved by a 90 degree V8 engine with a commonly used
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reverses direction before the next one starts its power stroke, which results in a gap between power strokes, especially at lower engine speeds (RPM). In a six-cylinder engine with an even firing interval, the next piston starts its power stroke 60° before the previous one finishes, which results in smoother delivery of power to the flywheel.
401:
automobile engine. The V-angle was increased from the then-common 60 degree angle to allow larger carburetors to be used (for potentially higher power in race tuning). Crankpins with an offset of 55 degrees within every pair of cylinders were used to achieve the even firing interval of a 60 degree V6
355:
At first glance, 120 degrees might seem to be the optimal V-angle for a V6 engine, since pairs of pistons in alternate banks can share crank pins in a three-throw crankshaft and the combustion forces are balanced by the firing interval being equal to the angle between the cylinder banks. A 120 degree
323:
Many manufacturers, particularly
American ones, built V6 engines with a V-angle of 90 degrees based on their existing 90-degree V8 engines. Such configurations were easy to design by removing two cylinders and replacing the V8 engine's four-throw crankshaft with a three-throw crankshaft. This reduced
331:
engine) had three shared crankpins arranged at 120 degrees from each other, due to their origins from the V8 engines. This resulted in an uneven firing order, with half of the cylinders using a firing interval of 90 degrees and other half using an interval of 150 degrees. The uneven firing intervals
206:
Comparing engines on a dynamometer, a V6 engine shows instantaneous torque peaks of 154% above mean torque and valleys of 139% below mean torque, with a small amount of negative torque (engine torque reversals) between power strokes. In the case of a four-cylinder engine, the peaks are approximately
716:
Formula One car used a new V6 engine with a V-angle of 120 degrees and a displacement of 1.5 L (92 cu in). This engine was shorter and lighter than the
Ferrari Dino engine, and the simplicity and low center of gravity of the engine was an advantage in racing. It won a large number of
298:
The 1950 Lancia V6 engine was pioneering in its use of a six-throw crankshaft in order to reduce vibration. More recent designs often use a three-throw crankshaft with 'flying arms' between the crankpins to allow an even firing interval of 120 degrees to be achieved. A pair of counterweights on the
250:
Since there is no room in the V between the cylinder banks for an intake system, all the intakes are on one side of the engine, and all the exhausts are on the other side. It uses a firing order of 1-5-3-6-2-4 (which is the firing order used by most straight-six engines), rather than the common V6
659:
By the mid-1990s, the V6 layout was the most common configuration for six-cylinder automotive engines, with V6 engines having replaced most of the straight-six engines. Today, it is being progressively replaced across the car industry by turbocharged 4-cylinder engines, which can produce similar
202:
Six-cylinder designs have less pulsation in the power delivery than four-cylinder engines, due to the overlap in the power strokes of the six-cylinder engine. In a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine, only one piston is on a power stroke at any given time. Each piston comes to a complete stop and
529:
bank angle, but unlike the Buick V8, used all-cast iron construction. Initially an uneven-firing engine, Buick later redesigned the crankshaft to a "split-pin" configuration to create an "even-firing" version. After it became the 3800 V6 in 1990, the engine gained a reputation as a reliable,
559:
luxury sedan and later used in many other Alfa Romeo models. This engine used a 60 degree V-angle, an all-aluminium construction and two valves per cylinder. A turbocharged version was introduced in 1991 and a four valve per cylinder version was introduced in 1997. Also in 1970, the
506:. Lancia had been producing V4 engines for approximately 30 years, and one of the key goals was to reduce the vibrations compared with the V4 engine. The V6 engine used a 60 degree V-angle and six crankpins, resulting in an evenly-spaced firing order to reduce vibrations.
707:
was a 1.5 L (92 cu in) racing engine used in
Formula Two racing in the 1957 season. It had a V-angle of 65 degrees and dual overhead camshafts. The Dino V6 underwent several evolutions, including a 2.4 L (146 cu in) version used in the 1958
302:
A 60 degree V-angle results in a narrower engine overall than V6 engines with larger V-angles. This angle often results in the overall engine size being a cube shape, making the engine easier to fit either longitudinally or transversely in the engine compartment.
246:
front-wheel drive cars which were originally designed for inline-four engines. Due to the minimal extra length and width of the VR6 engine, it could be fitted to the engine compartments relatively easily, in order to provide a displacement increase of 50 percent.
283:
are used for each cylinder (i.e. using a six-throw crankshaft), an even firing interval of 120 degrees can be used. This firing interval is a multiple of the 60 degree V-angle, therefore the combustion forces can be balanced through use of the appropriate
207:
270% above mean torque and 210% below mean torque, with 100% negative torque being delivered between strokes. However, a V6 with uneven firing intervals of 90° and 150° shows large torque variations of 185% above and 172% below mean torque.
530:
powerful, fuel-efficient workhorse that became a mainstay of GM's FWD mid-size and full-size cars. It was discontinued in 2008. Over 25 million units had been built, making it one of the most-produced engines in history, and it was on
340:"even-fire" V6 engine was an upgraded version of the Buick Fireball engine with a split-pin crankshaft to reduce vibration by achieving an even firing order. Such a 'split' crankpin is weaker than a straight one, but modern
335:
Several modern 90 degree V6 engines reduce the vibrations using split crankpins offset by 30 degrees between piston pairs, which creates an even firing interval of 120 degrees for all cylinders. For example, the 1977
299:
crankshaft can then be used to almost perfectly cancel out the primary forces and reduce the secondary vibrations to acceptable levels. The engine mounts can be designed to absorb these remaining vibrations.
150:
The displacement of modern V6 engines is typically between 2.5 to 4.0 L (153 to 244 cu in), though larger and smaller examples have been produced, such as the 1.8 L (110 cu in)
602:
German car manufacturers were relatively slow to adopt V6 engines, because engineers believed that they lacked the smoothness of an inline-6 engine. Eventually, the first German V6 engine was a 2.8 liter
725:. However, Ferrari's founder had a personal dislike of the 120 degree layout, preferring a 65 degree layout, and after that time it was replaced by other engines. The Dino engine was also used in the
191:, due to the odd number of cylinders in each bank. Straight-six engines and flat-six engines do not experience this imbalance. To reduce the vibrations caused by this imbalance, most V6 engines use a
291:
The inline-three engine that forms each cylinder bank, however, produces unbalanced rotating and reciprocal forces. These forces remain unbalanced in all V6 engines, often leading to the use of a
480:
In 1906, a few years after 4 cylinder engines and V8 engines had come into existence, the first known V6 engine was built. This V6 engine was a single prototype automotive engine built by
688:
with the best placed cars finishing second and fourth. A tuned 3,102 cc (189 cu in) version of the Lancia V6 engine producing was 169 kW (230 PS) used in the
619:, its first V6 engine, while BMW has continued to use inline-6 engines. Mercedes-Benz discontinued its V6 engines in 2017, and has since returned to making inline-6 engines.
394:
automotive engine. A slightly smaller than usual V-angle was used to reduce the width of the engine, allowing it to be used in small transverse-engine front-wheel drive cars.
324:
design costs, allowed the new V6 to share components with the V8 engine, and sometimes allowed manufacturers to build the V6 and V8 engines on the same production line.
187:
All V6 engines with even firing spacing—regardless of the V-angle between the cylinder banks—are subject to a primary imbalance caused by each bank consisting of an
645:
with Land Rover for use in the XE, XF, XJ, F-Type and the F-Pace. Land Rover used it in the Range Rover, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Velar, and the
Discovery 4.
115:
Due to their short length, V6 engines are often used as the larger engine option for vehicles which are otherwise produced with inline-four engines, especially in
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238:
engines with V-angles of 10.5 and 15 degrees. These engines use a single cylinder head shared by both banks of cylinders, in a design similar to the 1922-1976
774:
Formula One car. Renault struggled with reliability issues in 1977 and 1978; however, the 1979 season saw some good results at a few races. In 1981, the
327:
The downsides of a 90 degree design are a wider engine which is more vibration-prone than a 60 degree V6. The initial 90 degree V6 engines (such as the
845:
sports car prototype category from 1985 to 1994 and used a turbocharged V6 engine loosely based on the Nissan VG30ET production car engine. The
782:
with turbocharged V6 engines in 1982 and 1983. Initial versions used a 120 degree V-angle, before switching to a 90 degree V-angle for the 1987
737:
896:(created from the merger of the GP3 Series and the FIA Formula 3 European Championship) began using naturally aspirated V6 engines from 2019.
375:
Other angle V6 engines are possible but can suffer from severe vibration problems unless very carefully designed. Notable V-angles include:
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locomotive, marine and stationary Diesel engines. These engines were based on V8 and V16 engines which also used a V-angle of 45 degrees.
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615:, which was introduced across Volkswagen's mid-size and sports car lineup in the 1990s. In 1998, Mercedes-Benz introduced the
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power, but in a smaller package that produces cleaner emissions, has better fuel economy, and are less expensive to produce.
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and equipped with a 2.5 L (150 cu in) engine making a peak power of 360 kW (490 PS) at 11,900 rpm.
1516:
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680:
The Lancia
Aurelia (the first series production car with a V6 engine) was also successful in motor racing. Four of the
1207:
6-12-10. Salon 1910. [Moteur
Delahaye] 6 c[ylindres] 18/24 HP : [photographie de presse]
1837:
1189:
752:
431:. These engines were produced in both SOHC and DOHC versions. A 75 degree V6 engine is also used by the 2016–2022
1607:
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was introduced in the form of a 60-degree 305 cu in (5 L) petrol engine used in pickup trucks and
484:
in the United States. The engine did not reach production. Similarly, a single prototype engine was produced by
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crankshaft, because the inline-four engine in each bank of the V8 engine does not have this primary imbalance.
406:
automobile engine also used a 65 degree bank angle, to allow a turbocharger to fit between the cylinder banks.
279:
A V-angle of 60 degrees is the optimal configuration for V6 engines regarding engine balance. When individual
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A balance shaft and/or crankshaft counterweights can be used to reduce vibrations in 90 degree V6 engines.
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1684:
729:, which was a highly successful rally car that won the World Rally Championship in 1974, 1975 and 1976.
544:, introduced by Ford's United Kingdom division in 1966; both engines used a 60-degree V-angle. The 1967
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sportscar racing car. This engine won the
European 2 L prototype championship in 1974 and several
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17:
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565:
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A 120 degree design also results in a large width for the engine, being only slightly narrower than a
616:
541:
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diesel engine. This engine uses crank pins offset by 48 degrees, to achieve an even firing interval.
2007:
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80:
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produced the first 30° 3.2-litre V6 which was installed in the 1911 Delahaye Type 44 automobile.
84:
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2002:
1957:
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24 hour endurance race, however it retired with mechanical issues after approximately 8 hours.
916:
in
Germany. These V6 engines were used as the generator for gasoline-electric railway engines.
786:
racing car. Other successful turbocharged V6 Formula One cars in the era of 1982-1988 were the
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31:
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Hull, Peter. "Delahaye: Famous on Road and Race Track", in Ward, Ian, executive editor.
107:. The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines.
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1920:
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1810:
928:
was a racing motorcycle which was unveiled at the 1977 Milan show. It entered the 1978
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1910:
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resulted in rough-running engines with "unpleasant" vibrations at low engine speeds.
243:
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Other manufacturers took note and soon other V6 engines were designed. In 1959, the
271:
2030:
2025:
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V6 engine was discontinued in 2020, and Jaguar Land Rover replaced it with the new
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1105:"1998 Rover 75 2.0 KV6 specifications, fuel economy, emissions, dimensions 79673"
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668:
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Ford introduced its
European road car engines in 1965 with the German division's
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100:
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889:(formerly known as the GP2 Series) switched to turbocharged V6 engines in 2018.
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171:, while the largest gasoline V6 built was the 7.8 L (476 cu in)
152:
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grand tourer was introduced, powered by a 90-degree V6 built by
Maserati. The
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was a 90 degree V6 engine with an iron block. It was introduced in the 1973
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912:
The first V6 engine to reach production was built from 1908 to 1913 by the
846:
775:
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285:
755:. A turbocharged 2.0 L (122 cu in) version was used in the
2017:
1822:
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929:
879:
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424:
128:
1492:"1989 - 1994 Nissan 300ZX IMSA - Images, Specifications and Information"
1156:"The Marmon Automobile 1902-1908 Part 1 & The Nordyke and Marmon Co"
638:
until 2011 in their smaller cars, but also shared a V6 version of the 90
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1130:"The Strange Tale of the Buick Special, Buick-Rover V8, and 3800 V6"
925:
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Downsizing to V6 engines in open-wheeler racing became more common:
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2221:
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2065:
608:
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88:
61:
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79:
The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by
656:, which has an inline-6 variant for JLR's bigger cars and SUVs.
548:
was Ferrari's first V6 road car, which had a 65-degree V-angle.
778:
Formula One car used a turbocharged V6 engine. Ferrari won the
575:, a 60-degree design which was produced from 1983 to 2004. The
766:
A turbocharged 1.5 L (92 cu in) version of the
469:
935:
599:
based on technology shared from the Mitsubishi unit in 1995.
485:
67:
1734:
900:
37:
938:
has produced road motorcycles with VR6 engines since 2012.
622:
The first independently designed British V6 engine was the
72:
41:
Cutaway view of a V6 engine with double overhead camshafts
732:
A notable racing use of the Alfa Romeo V6 engine was the
712:
Formula One racing car. A few years later, the 1961-1964
692:. The D24 competed in sports car racing and won the 1953
311:
135:
instead of V6 engines, due to their near perfect primary
75:
V6 engine, represented in AngeTheGreat's Engine Simulator
1517:"Steve Millen's IMSA 300ZX and the Dream Season of 1994"
1280:"1951 ex-Mille Miglia, ex-Le Mans, Lancia Aurelia B20GT"
259:
27:
Piston engine with six cylinders in a "V" configuration
905:
V6 engines are popular powerplants in medium to large
521:
was introduced in 1962 and was based on the all-alloy
344:
can produce a crankshaft that is adequately strong.
882:
switched to turbocharged hybrid V6 engines in 2014.
595:in 1992. Hyundai introduced the first South Korean
571:The first mass-produced Japanese V6 engine was the
1039:
1037:
849:used a similar engine to compete in the 1996-1997
568:was introduced in 1978 and produced for 36 years.
1184:(2nd ed.). Society of Automotive Engineers.
234:Since 1991, Volkswagen has produced narrow angle
2258:
532:Ward's 10 Best Engines of the 20th century list.
123:is that V6 engines produce more vibrations than
1685:"The Horex VR6 Raw is a V6 Two-Wheeled Monster"
1034:
91:. Engines built after World War II include the
1720:
1045:"The Physics of: Engine Cylinder-Bank Angles"
864:switched to turbocharged V6 engines in 2012.
853:(now known as the 'Super GT' championship).
251:firing order of 1-2-3-4-5-6 or 1-6-5-4-3-2.
195:on the crankshaft and/or a counter-rotating
1348:"F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship 1953"
1258:. Phoenix, Arizona: David Bull Publishing.
964:
275:Toyota 1GR-FE 4.0 Litre 60-degree V6 Engine
1727:
1713:
1591:
1585:
1440:
1434:
1182:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
901:Use in marine vessels and railway engines
182:
159:, or the 1.6 L (98 cu in)
30:"V6" redirects here. For other uses, see
1253:
1179:
1074:
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851:All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship
667:
579:was introduced in 1985, followed by the
468:
457:
310:
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66:
36:
1244:(London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 5, p.523.
1173:
1083:(4th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
210:
14:
2259:
1078:
780:Formula One constructors' championship
1708:
1594:Geschichte der Gasmotorenfabrik Deutz
1256:Lancia and De Virgilio: At the Centre
1063:
919:
453:
1019:
995:Herriott, Richard (22 August 2014).
1013:
215:
56:where the cylinders share a common
24:
1081:Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology
1023:Torsional Output of Piston Engines
972:"Lancia Coupés & Convertibles"
770:engine was introduced in the 1977
753:European Formula Two Championships
25:
2283:
997:"Engines: The Road Less Traveled"
607:V6 that was launched in the 1990
630:that was previously used in the
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242:. The VR6 engines were used in
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1097:
988:
880:Formula One World Championship
350:
13:
1:
958:
634:. Jaguar used the Ford-based
306:
254:
224:Cross-section of a VR6 engine
163:engine used in the 1992–1998
1160:www.american-automobiles.com
127:. Some sports cars like the
7:
1254:Goldberg, Geoffrey (2014).
1180:Borgeson, Griffith (1998).
941:
703:The initial version of the
502:was introduced in the 1950
10:
2288:
1612:www.motorcycleclassics.com
1592:Matschoss, Conrad (1921).
1028:Aircraft Engine Technology
894:FIA Formula 3 Championship
887:FIA Formula 2 Championship
227:
29:
2209:
2156:
2064:
2016:
1948:
1939:
1901:
1746:
684:were entered in the 1951
402:engine. The 2009–present
295:to reduce the vibration.
119:vehicles. A downside for
110:
1441:Ludvigsen, Karl (2001).
1302:www.grandprixhistory.org
1210:, Agence Rol, 2010-12-06
482:Marmon Motor Car Company
392:General Motors 54-degree
342:metallurgical techniques
81:Marmon Motor Car Company
1496:www.ultimatecarpage.com
914:Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik
611:, and the narrow-angle
566:Chevrolet 90° V6 engine
449:Formula One racing car.
419:75 degrees — 1992-2004
397:65 degrees — 1956-1975
390:54 degrees — 1994-2004
85:Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik
1868:Single-acting cylinder
1801:Double-acting cylinder
1443:Classic Racing Engines
1284:www.thornleykelham.com
1226:: CS1 maint: others (
1134:www.ateupwithmotor.com
677:
555:was introduced in the
477:
466:
320:
276:
268:
225:
183:Balance and smoothness
155:used in the 1991–1998
76:
60:and are arranged in a
42:
1736:Engine configurations
1445:. Haynes Publishing.
1327:www.petergiddings.com
1298:"Mille Miglia - 1951"
671:
626:, which replaced the
581:Mitsubishi 6G7 engine
525:, which shared its 90
472:
461:
314:
274:
262:
223:
70:
40:
1838:Oscillating cylinder
1663:www.roadandtrack.com
1572:www.classicscars.com
1547:www.classicscars.com
1358:on 22 February 2015.
1242:World of Automobiles
1079:Nunney, M J (2007).
1049:www.caranddriver.com
749:Alpine -Renault A440
734:Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI
694:Carrera Panamericana
597:Hyundai Sigma engine
553:Alfa Romeo V6 engine
542:Ford Essex V6 engine
475:Alfa Romeo V6 engine
211:Cylinder bank angles
143:(which improves the
125:straight-six engines
1931:Two-and four-stroke
1833:Intake over exhaust
1471:www.f1technical.net
1421:www.f1technical.net
1374:www.f1technical.net
1020:Kane, Jack (2006).
953:Straight-six engine
875:V6 engines in 2013.
873:naturally aspirated
835:Nissan GTP ZX-Turbo
768:Renault-Gordini CH1
761:24 Hours of Le Mans
757:Renault Alpine A442
745:Renault-Gordini CH1
736:, designed for the
705:Ferrari Dino engine
411:Mercedes-Benz OM642
189:inline-three engine
177:GMC C/K series 6500
32:V6 (disambiguation)
1523:. 11 November 2014
1417:"Ferrari Dino 156"
920:Use in motorcycles
698:Juan Manuel Fangio
682:Aurelia B20 Coupes
678:
478:
467:
454:Use in automobiles
438:80 degrees — 1988
404:Nissan-Renault V9X
321:
277:
269:
226:
77:
43:
2254:
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2250:
2249:
1950:Inline / straight
1848:Overhead camshaft
1689:www.rideapart.com
1637:www.silodrome.com
1608:"1977 Laverda V6"
1452:978-1-85960-649-0
1395:"Ferrari engines"
1090:978-0-7506-8037-0
1051:. 14 January 2011
672:Mercedes-Benz V6
591:in 1988, and the
557:Alfa Romeo Alfa 6
329:Buick Fireball V6
244:transverse engine
175:used in the 1962
141:centre of gravity
117:transverse engine
16:(Redirected from
2279:
1946:
1945:
1941:Cylinder layouts
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1639:. 27 August 2013
1633:"The Laverda V6"
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1521:www.autoweek.com
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1502:
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1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1401:. Archived from
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1370:"Ferrari 246 F1"
1366:
1360:
1359:
1354:. Archived from
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
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1294:
1288:
1287:
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1145:
1143:
1141:
1126:
1120:
1119:
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1115:
1109:www.carfolio.com
1101:
1095:
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1058:
1056:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
992:
986:
985:
983:
982:
968:
841:competed in the
759:, which won the
624:Rover KV6 engine
589:Toyota VZ engine
573:Nissan VG engine
500:Lancia V6 engine
464:Lancia V6 engine
319:90-degree engine
267:60-degree engine
240:Lancia V4 engine
216:10 to 15 degrees
133:flat-six engines
103:in 1962 for the
95:in 1950 for the
93:Lancia V6 engine
21:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2205:
2152:
2060:
2012:
1935:
1897:
1742:
1733:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1657:
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1541:
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1536:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1467:"Ferrari 126CK"
1465:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1405:on 31 May 2018.
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1102:
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1035:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1003:
1001:Driven to Write
993:
989:
980:
978:
970:
969:
965:
961:
948:Flat-six engine
944:
922:
907:outboard motors
903:
738:1993 DTM season
666:
654:Ingenium engine
519:Buick V6 engine
456:
373:
365:flat-six engine
353:
309:
257:
232:
218:
213:
193:harmonic damper
185:
113:
101:Buick V6 engine
62:V configuration
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2285:
2275:
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2269:
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2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
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1918:
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1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:Overhead valve
1850:
1845:
1843:Opposed-piston
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:piston engines
1732:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1676:
1650:
1624:
1599:
1584:
1559:
1534:
1508:
1483:
1458:
1451:
1433:
1408:
1399:www.allf1.info
1386:
1361:
1352:www.wsrp.ic.cz
1339:
1314:
1289:
1271:
1265:978-1935007258
1264:
1246:
1233:
1197:
1190:
1172:
1147:
1136:. 9 April 2008
1121:
1096:
1089:
1062:
1033:
1012:
987:
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960:
957:
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950:
943:
940:
921:
918:
902:
899:
898:
897:
890:
883:
876:
865:
862:IndyCar Series
727:Lancia Stratos
717:races between
700:at the wheel.
665:
662:
628:Honda C engine
593:Isuzu V engine
585:Mazda J engine
577:Honda C engine
551:The 1979-2005
504:Lancia Aurelia
455:
452:
451:
450:
436:
421:Isuzu V engine
417:
407:
395:
388:
372:
369:
352:
349:
308:
305:
256:
253:
228:Main article:
217:
214:
212:
209:
184:
181:
137:engine balance
112:
109:
97:Lancia Aurelia
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2284:
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2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
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2001:
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1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
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1981:
1979:
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1961:
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1947:
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1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1903:Stroke cycles
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
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1869:
1866:
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1690:
1686:
1680:
1665:. 24 May 2013
1664:
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1497:
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1243:
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1223:
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1208:
1201:
1193:
1191:0-7680-0023-8
1187:
1183:
1176:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1086:
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1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1002:
998:
991:
977:
973:
967:
963:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
939:
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933:
931:
927:
917:
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895:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
874:
870:
866:
863:
859:
858:
857:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Nissan NPT-90
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
808:Williams FW12
805:
804:Williams FW11
801:
800:Williams FW10
797:
796:McLaren MP4/4
793:
792:McLaren MP4/3
789:
788:McLaren MP4/2
785:
784:Ferrari F1/87
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
715:
711:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
675:
670:
661:
657:
655:
651:
646:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
587:in 1986, the
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
534:
533:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
511:GMC V6 engine
507:
505:
501:
496:
494:
489:
487:
483:
476:
471:
465:
460:
448:
447:McLaren MP4/4
444:
442:
441:Honda RA168-E
437:
434:
430:
429:Isuzu Trooper
426:
422:
418:
415:
412:
409:72 degrees —
408:
405:
400:
396:
393:
389:
386:
382:
379:45 degrees —
378:
377:
376:
368:
366:
361:
359:
348:
345:
343:
339:
333:
330:
325:
318:
313:
304:
300:
296:
294:
293:balance shaft
289:
287:
282:
273:
266:
261:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
231:
222:
208:
204:
200:
198:
197:balance shaft
194:
190:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:Mitsubishi V6
158:
154:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
108:
106:
105:Buick Special
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
74:
69:
65:
63:
59:
55:
54:piston engine
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
2232:Split-single
2100:
2018:Flat / boxer
1878:Swing-piston
1692:. Retrieved
1688:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1662:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1520:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:
1461:
1442:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1420:
1411:
1403:the original
1398:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:
1364:
1356:the original
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1323:"Lancia D24"
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1255:
1249:
1241:
1236:
1212:, retrieved
1206:
1200:
1181:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1133:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:
1099:
1080:
1053:. Retrieved
1048:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1004:. Retrieved
1000:
990:
979:. Retrieved
976:ritzsite.net
975:
966:
934:
923:
911:
904:
871:switched to
855:
847:Nissan 300ZX
832:
776:Ferrari 126C
772:Renault RS01
767:
765:
748:
744:
742:
731:
702:
686:Mille Miglia
681:
679:
664:Motor racing
658:
649:
647:
643:AJ-V8 engine
639:
636:AJ-V6 engine
621:
604:
601:
570:
550:
535:
526:
523:Buick 215 V8
508:
497:
490:
479:
445:used in the
440:
423:used in the
399:Ferrari Dino
374:
371:Other angles
362:
354:
346:
334:
326:
322:
301:
297:
290:
286:firing order
278:
265:Nissan VG30E
249:
235:
233:
205:
201:
186:
149:
114:
78:
46:
44:
1921:Five-stroke
1916:Four-stroke
1873:Split cycle
1811:Free-piston
1754:Atmospheric
1694:19 November
1669:19 November
1659:"Horex VR6"
1643:26 December
1617:14 December
1577:26 December
1568:"JGTC 1997"
1552:26 December
1543:"JGTC 1996"
1527:26 December
1501:26 December
1476:14 December
1426:14 December
1379:14 December
1332:25 December
1307:25 December
1165:17 December
1140:24 December
1114:21 December
1055:21 December
1030:. EPI, Inc.
714:Ferrari 156
710:Ferrari 246
546:Dino 206 GT
425:Isuzu Rodeo
351:120 degrees
129:Porsche 911
121:luxury cars
2267:V6 engines
2261:Categories
1926:Six-stroke
1911:Two-stroke
1828:Heron head
1786:Cam engine
1214:2023-08-08
1006:2019-12-30
981:2007-09-15
959:References
926:Laverda V6
869:GP3 Series
828:Lotus 100T
690:Lancia D24
562:Citroën SM
540:, and the
538:Cologne V6
473:2002-2005
462:1950-1970
358:crossplane
315:1996-2005
307:90 degrees
281:crank pins
263:1984-1999
255:60 degrees
230:VR6 engine
157:Mazda MX-3
139:and lower
99:, and the
71:A typical
58:crankshaft
18:V6 engines
2272:V engines
1596:. Berlin.
824:Lotus 99T
820:Lotus 98T
816:Lotus 97T
812:Lotus 95T
763:in 1978.
632:Rover 800
515:carryalls
488:in 1918.
433:Honda NSX
338:Buick 231
317:Rover KV6
49:is a six-
47:V6 engine
1858:Pentroof
1806:Flathead
1796:Compound
1774:Rotative
1222:citation
942:See also
930:Bol d'Or
609:Audi 100
583:and the
493:Delahaye
491:In 1910
153:Mazda V6
145:handling
89:Delahaye
51:cylinder
2066:V / Vee
1883:Uniflow
1816:Stelzer
1791:Camless
1769:Cornish
414:BlueTEC
385:EMD 645
381:EMD 567
2227:Radial
2217:Deltic
1863:Rotary
1781:Bourke
1449:
1262:
1188:
1087:
676:engine
648:The 90
517:. The
443:engine
173:GMC V6
169:Lancer
165:Mirage
111:Design
2210:Other
1893:Wedge
1759:Axial
936:Horex
696:with
486:Buick
1888:Watt
1823:Hemi
1764:Beam
1747:Type
1738:for
1696:2019
1671:2019
1645:2019
1619:2019
1579:2019
1554:2019
1529:2019
1503:2019
1478:2019
1447:ISBN
1428:2019
1381:2019
1334:2019
1309:2019
1260:ISBN
1228:link
1186:ISBN
1167:2019
1142:2019
1116:2019
1085:ISBN
1057:2019
924:The
892:the
885:the
878:the
867:the
860:the
843:IMSA
837:and
833:The
826:and
743:The
723:1964
721:and
719:1961
617:M112
498:The
427:and
383:and
131:use
87:and
73:DOHC
2201:W30
2196:W24
2191:W18
2186:W16
2181:W12
2148:V24
2143:V20
2138:V18
2133:V16
2128:V14
2123:V12
2118:V10
2106:VR6
2094:VR5
2056:F16
2051:F12
2046:F10
2008:I14
2003:I12
674:DTM
613:VR6
236:VR6
147:).
2263::
2176:W8
2171:W6
2166:W3
2113:V8
2101:V6
2089:V5
2084:V4
2079:V3
2074:V2
2041:F8
2036:F6
2031:F4
2026:F2
1998:I9
1993:I8
1988:I7
1983:I6
1978:I5
1973:I4
1968:I3
1963:I2
1958:I1
1687:.
1661:.
1635:.
1610:.
1570:.
1545:.
1519:.
1494:.
1469:.
1419:.
1397:.
1372:.
1350:.
1325:.
1300:.
1282:.
1224:}}
1220:{{
1158:.
1132:.
1107:.
1065:^
1047:.
1036:^
1026:.
999:.
974:.
909:.
830:.
822:,
818:,
814:,
810:,
806:,
802:,
798:,
794:,
790:,
603:90
288:.
199:.
179:.
83:,
64:.
45:A
2242:X
2237:U
2222:H
2158:W
1728:e
1721:t
1714:v
1698:.
1673:.
1647:.
1621:.
1581:.
1556:.
1531:.
1505:.
1480:.
1455:.
1430:.
1383:.
1336:.
1311:.
1286:.
1268:.
1230:)
1194:.
1169:.
1144:.
1118:.
1093:.
1059:.
1009:.
984:.
650:°
640:°
605:°
527:°
435:.
167:/
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
