2012:
2380:
686:
743:. Schulze has suggested that the ethnonyms derive from a much older, possibly descriptive toponym referring to the lowlands between the Kura River, the Arax, and the mountains of Karabakh and that Udi/Uti did not necessarily refer to any specific ethnic group, but rather the inhabitants of that region. As for the modern-day Udis, Schulze writes that "he fact that today the Udis name themselves udi- is perhaps related to the adaption of the ethnonymic tradition in the former Uti region ." Alexan Hakobyan considers it likely that
49:
702:
the ruling family of
Albania. The princes of Utik, who formed part of the Armenian nobility, remained as rulers the province under Albanian and, later, Arab rule. After the fall of the Albanian kingdom in the early 6th century, it was not the princes of Utik, however, but those of Gardman who became the dominant princes of Albania. They were recognized as Presiding Princes of Albania by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius in 628 and remained in this position until 822. In 922, Utik was annexed by the
165:
788:. While some Armenian scholars interpret this as an indication of the Armenian origin of the princes, Toumanoff argues that this merely indicates that they had ruled the area since time immemorial. Regarding the Arsacid period, Hewsen writes that "t seems likely that except for Siwnik', eastern Armenia was not much more than armenized, if that" and that the Utians were "almost certainly a Caucasian tribe." Historian Tim Greenwood writes that by the time of the composition of the
139:
151:
1226:– над армянами, за горами Абом и Нибаром'. Однако, как видим, данная фраза противопоставляет с одной стороны Армению, с другой же – Уитию на берегу Каспийского моря, следовательно, вторая не может являться частью первой. Уития в данном разделе не Утик, а та область обитания уитиев, которых Страбон в разделе XI, 7, 1 прямо помещает между амардами и анариаками description of Armenia: 'It is also reported that
768:
that the people of Utik came under
Armenian rule in the 2nd century BC and were assimilated into the Armenians by the 4th–6th centuries AD, but subsequent works by Armenian scholars have argued that Armenians inhabited the right bank of the Kura from a much earlier period. Aleksan Hakobyan argues that Utik was wholly Armenian from at least the 4th century BC.
632:. The Outians and the Mykoi, identified with the Yutiya and Maka of Achaemenid inscriptions, may have been migrants from southeastern Iran, although, according to another view, these groups were only ever located in southeastern Iran. According to Hewsen, Utik seems to have been part of the satrapy of
1234:
settled above the
Armenians, behind the mountains Abom and Nibar'. However, as we see, this phrase contrasts Armenia on the one hand, and Ouitia on the shores of the Caspian Sea on the other, therefore, the second cannot be part of the first. Ouitia in this section is not Utik, but the area inhabited
1716:
Alikberov, A. K. (2015). "Narody i iazyki
Kavkazskoĭ Albanii. O iazykovom kontinuume kak alʹternative koĭne. Iazyk pisʹmennosti i «iazyk bazara»" [The peoples and languages of Caucasian Albania: on the language continuum as an alternative to Koine: written language and 'bazaar language']. In
763:
among
Iranian peoples), hence why it was apparently applied to a number of Lezgic-speaking groups or their neighbors. He hypothesizes that the province received its name because of its proximity to the Utis/Udis on the other side of the Kura, or because a distinct Lezgic-speaking people by that name
681:
helped the
Albanians to seize from the Kingdom of Armenia a number of provinces, including Utik. Although there is some evidence that suggests that Utik remained a part of the Persian-controlled kingdom of Armenia even after 387, it was definitely incorporated into Albania after the abolition of the
767:
Differing views exist about the timing of the presence of
Armenians in Utik. The issue has occupied a prominent place in the disputes between Armenian and Azerbaijani scholars about the history of Caucasian Albania and the historical eastern regions of Armenia. In 1958, Yeremian expressed the view
701:
of
Caucasian Albania built in Utik the city initially called Perozapat, and later Partaw and Barda, and made it the capital of Caucasian Albania. (Partaw may have existed previously as a town or a village by that name.) According to another view, Peroz I constructed the city himself after deposing
983:
The more or less self-interested loyalty of the
Albanians explains why the Sasanians helped them to seize from the Armenians the provinces (or districts) of Uti (with the towns of Xałxał and Pʿartaw), Šakašēn, Kołṭʿ, Gardman, and Arcʿax. (...) These territories were to remain in the possession of
722:
derives from the name of the ancient Udis/Utis, who, in their view, lived on both sides of the Kura or were a distinct tribe related to the
Caucasian Albanian tribes living on the right side of the Kura. The ancient Udis/Utis have traditionally been considered the ancestors of the modern-day Udi
802:
According to Babken Harutiunian, under Arab rule a large part of the Armenian population of Utik left for Artsakh or was concentrated in the western part of the province. The territory of western Utik was the site of many important centers of medieval Armenian culture and learning, such as the
799:), Utik, along with the provinces of Artsakh and Gugark, were no longer administratively part of Armenia but "they were evidently remembered as once having been Armenian and may have still contained communities who thought of themselves and the settlements they occupied as Armenian."
1022:
1476:
567:(consisting of the districts of Shakashen and Tus-Kustak). It is unknown whether this reflects some Albanian or Armenian administrative situation (for example, the primacy of the princes of Utik over the other two) or the decision of the author of the
1743:[(...) a number of researchers believe that the population of Artsakh and Utik, before they lost their own language and became Armenian, were related to the Albanian tribes of the left bank, themselves being a separate tribe (...)]
659:
Utik remained a part of Armenia for some 500 years after Artaxias's conquest, although the Armenian-Albanian boundary along the Kura River was often overrun by armies of both countries. It was lost as a result of the
858:
Hakobyan thinks that Strabo refers to two groups called Ouitians living in different places: one on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, and one north of the Albanians and Caspians on the western coast of the
571:
to merge the principalities into one province for simplicity's sake. Additionally, the districts of Tri and Rot-Parsean may have formed a separate principality of the Gargarians during the Arsacid period.
1741:ряд исследователей полагает, что население Арцаха и Утик'а, до того, как утратило собственный язык и арменизировалось, было родственно албанским племенам левобережья, представляя собой отдельное племя
772:
asserts that the people of Utik were not Armenized but were simply Armenians. This latter view has been criticized by some other Armenian scholars such as Paruyr Muradyan. The early Armenian historian
547:), and Uti Arandznak or Ut-rostak ('Uti Proper'). The province was bounded by the Kura River from the north and east, separating it from Albania. In the southeast, the river Arax divided it from
168:
Utik within the Kingdom of Armenia in 150 AD. The area around the confluence of the Kura and Arax is placed in Paytakaran instead of Utik, per Yeremian but rejected by Hewsen and Harutiunian.
559:
only mentions Utik's districts, the province was actually divided into three principalities: Utik (consisting of the districts of Uti Arandznak, Aghve, and possibly Tri and Rot-Parsean),
1703:Многие исследователи считают бесспорным фактом, что топоним 'Утик' произошел от названия древних удинов-утиев, проживавших, по их мнению, как на левобережье, так и на правобережье Куры
2482:
2359:
1726:
815:. Later, in the 17th and 18th centuries, Armenians largely left the flatlands of historical Utik for nearby mountainous areas and foothills, as well as the urban center of Ganja.
868:
Harutiunian considers the juncture of the Kura and its tributary the Zayamchay (Zakam) to be a likely location. Other proposed locations are the confluence of the Kura and the
612:) was built in the province in the 5th century and grew into a major commercial center in the following centuries. The city of Baylakan was built there under the Sasanian king
592:
call the quarters of the Albanian kings. Its location is uncertain. Yeremian places the city of Ainiana, mentioned by Strabo as being located in Ouitia, at the site of modern
1218:
Akopian 2022, p. 71-72: "Я. А. Манандян и С. Т. Еремян видят прямое упоминание армянской провинции Утик в следующем разделе Страбона в описании Армении: 'Передают также, что
1301:(2024). "Survey of Historical Geography of the South Caucasus from the Middle Ages to the Present Day". In Dorfmann-Lazarev, Igor; Khatchadourian, Haroutioun (eds.).
628:. Herodotus reports that the Outians were located in the fourteenth satrapy of that empire and that they formed part of the Persian army together with the Mykoi at
2487:
1922:
2352:
2254:
2419:
808:
506:
2011:
2345:
652:. Some Armenian scholars like Babken Harutiunian and Asatur Mnatsakanian believe that Syunik and Utik were already controlled by Armenia under the
456:, which in its strict sense referred to the area between the Kur and Arax rivers and in its broader sense encompassed the eastern South Caucasus.
2264:
2259:
902:
Elsewhere in the same work, however, Hewsen writes that it is possible that Orontid domains extended to the confluence of the Kura and the Arax.
804:
1915:
2434:
616:. After the Arab conquests, the city of Ganja was built in the region in the 9th century, possibly on the site of a preexisting town.
2497:
452:, with the territory of Utik forming the lowland or steppe part of Karabakh. Its territory also overlapped with the region known as
2449:
2444:
2429:
2454:
2414:
1041:
Hayastaně ěst "Ashkharhatsʻoytsʻ"-i: (pʻordz VII dari haykakan kʻartezi verakazmutʻyan zhamanakakitsʻ kʻartezagrakan himkʻi vra)
2492:
1908:
1472:
1350:
1018:
936:
1889:
1829:
1734:
1654:
1314:
1203:
1127:
661:
2108:
824:
1548:
1445:
1170:
1093:
555:
from the west, with the border between the two extending along the foothills of the Karabakh Mountains. Although the
344:, although others have placed Strabo's Ouitia on the northwestern or southern shore of the Caspian Sea. According to
1303:
Monuments and Identities in the Caucasus: Karabagh, Nakhichevan and Azerbaijan in Contemporary Geopolitical Conflict
731:. However, different views exist about the exact relationship between the ancient groups called some variation of
493:; the provinces of Utik and Artsakh had been lost by Armenia after its partition in the 4th century. According to
2102:
1537:(1982). "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians". In Samuelian, Thomas J. (ed.).
596:, but, in Hewsen's view, this is also uncertain. Utik was the site of a settlement called Tigranakert, built by
1948:
486:
200:
35:
1932:
752:
649:
445:
1462:
1340:
1008:
926:
665:
513:), Rot-Parsean (possibly around the confluence of the Kura and Arax or between the Trtu/Tartar and Khachen/
2181:
1976:
1235:
by the Ouitians, whom Strabo in section XI, 7, 1 explicitly places between the Amardians and Anariacae]."
728:
552:
1628:
2176:
2060:
1960:
710:, the descendants of the princes of Utik were present in southern Artsakh as late as the 11th century.
656:
and were reconquered by Artaxias I, but Hewsen writes that there is no evidence to support this claim.
2038:
1994:
279:
view, the name originally referred to the district of Uti Arandznak ('Uti Proper'), where the Utian (
1632:
1050:(attempt at the reconstruction of the map of 7th-century Armenia on the basis of modern cartography)
1872:
Greenwood, Tim (29 August 2019). "Armenian Space in Late Antiquity". In Van Nuffelen, Peter (ed.).
285:) tribe lived, and was later applied to the larger province. It is identified with the place names
185:
2379:
974:
2096:
524:
2286:
605:
1573:
807:
and Kayenadzor. Several important medieval Armenian scholars hailed from this region, such as
685:
2092:
2044:
1671:
589:
2244:
1900:
674:
2337:
8:
2114:
2086:
1759:
812:
698:
308:
296:
677:
defeated the Albanians and restored the frontier back to the river Kura. In 387 AD, the
2278:
2076:
2028:
1538:
220:
1577:
2369:
2311:
2066:
2054:
1970:
1885:
1853:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1730:
1718:
1650:
1544:
1441:
1310:
1199:
1166:
1123:
1089:
773:
625:
609:
544:
528:
490:
476:
204:
176:
106:
1368:
1086:
The Geography of Ananias of Širak (Ašxarhac῾oyc῾): The Long and the Short Recensions
600:
in the 2nd–1st century BC. It may have been located in Gardman in the valley of the
2306:
1988:
1966:
1956:
1877:
1683:
1642:
1534:
1306:
1191:
1158:
1081:
869:
769:
724:
706:, but this included only part of the province's historical territory. According to
703:
453:
436:, who live in the South Caucasus today north of the Kura, mainly in the village of
345:
212:
2424:
1431:
2439:
2082:
2032:
1952:
1845:
1516:
1435:
1372:
1298:
707:
678:
653:
471:
437:
328:
319:
208:
75:
55:
2232:
2222:
2070:
1364:
1263:
Völker und Phantome: Sprach- und kulturwissenschaftliche Studien zur Ethnizität
1036:
785:
777:
633:
536:
510:
276:
60:
48:
1881:
1687:
1646:
1258:
1195:
2476:
2237:
2227:
2136:
1857:
1824:(Rev. ed.). Ann Arbor: Caravan Books. p. 137 (Book II, Chapter 8).
1461:
Harutiunian, B. (1978). "Khaghkhagh". In Simonian, Abel; et al. (eds.).
1512:
1007:
Harutiunian, B. (1986). "Utikʻ". In Arzumanian, Makich; et al. (eds.).
505:
s in Armenian): Aran-rot (in the valley of the river Goranchay), Tri (later
2166:
1624:
1053:] (in Armenian). Erevan: Haykakan SSṚ GA hratarakchʻutʻyun. p. 73.
727:
language closely related to (but possibly not directly descended from) the
581:
425:
421:
333:
164:
20:
1437:
The Epic Histories Attributed to Pʻawstos Buzand (Buzandaran Patmutʻiwnkʻ)
1186:
Roller, Duane W. (2018). "The Northeastern Part of the Inhabited World".
601:
514:
79:
1122:] (in Russian) (2nd, rev. ed.). Yerevan: Gitutyun. p. 73.
2316:
2291:
2186:
2171:
1638:
1266:
641:
637:
597:
548:
433:
380:, which suggests that this is a separate group from the Udini, and the
216:
144:
92:
2399:
2151:
1984:
1629:"Caucasian Albania in Medieval Armenian Sources (5th–13th Centuries)"
564:
357:
110:
1764:
The Value of the Past: Myths, Identity and Politics in Transcaucasia
608:
is placed in Utik in some sources. The city of Partaw (near today's
2389:
2296:
2161:
2146:
2048:
1980:
1440:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 498.
1116:
Albaniia-Aluank v greko-latinskikh i drevnearmianskikh istochnikakh
693:
In the middle of the 5th century, by the order of the Persian king
645:
629:
540:
449:
429:
412:
are not necessarily related and may refer to two distinct regions.
984:
Albania; a reconquest by Mušeł (cf. Pʿawstos, ibid.) was unlikely.
2394:
2326:
2301:
2249:
2206:
2156:
2141:
2000:
1852:. Georgetown University Press. pp. 108, 216, 218, 222, 469.
694:
613:
560:
532:
292:
228:
156:
2459:
2196:
1259:"Caucasian Albanian and the Question of Language and Ethnicity"
1188:
A Historical and Topographical Guide to the Geography of Strabo
593:
585:
479:, 7th century), Utik was the twelfth of the fifteen provinces (
351:
341:
224:
849:, which forms the nominative plural and the names of countries
2321:
888:
882:
563:(consisting of the districts of Gardman and Tus-Kustak), and
403:
397:
374:, mentioned by Pliny. Pliny also mentions a group called the
363:
361:
349:
286:
1930:
584:
calls the "winter quarters of the Armenian kings" but which
420:
may be an old toponym referring to the lowlands between the
215:
in 387 AD. Most of the region is located within present-day
2409:
2367:
2201:
781:
1120:
Albania-Aluank in the Greek-Latin and Old-Armenian Sources
1113:
518:
348:, the name of Utik is likely connected with the ethnonyms
1672:"Construction Activities of Kavād I in Caucasian Albania"
580:
Utik was the site of the settlement of Khaghkhagh, which
2483:
States and territories established in the 2nd century BC
1766:. National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka. pp. 175–176.
1339:
Ambartsumian, Viktor; et al., eds. (1975). "Aṛan".
755:
used to designate one's own or a different group (like *
199:, was a historical province and principality within the
1088:. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. p. 260.
689:
The Marzpanate of Albania in the 5th and 6th centuries
190:
1540:
Classical Armenian Culture: Influences and Creativity
644:
of Greater Armenia conquered the lands of Syunik and
640:
until the 2nd century BC, when, according to Strabo,
780:, a descendant of the legendary Armenian progenitor
648:
and the lands that lay between them, i.e., Utik and
336:. It may also be identifiable with the land called
1582:(in German). Straßburg: Trübner. pp. 263–266.
844:
499:
480:
270:
264:
258:
252:
246:
240:
1812:
1622:
2474:
1631:. In Gippert, Jost; Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (eds.).
2488:Provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
776:writes that the princes of Utik descended from
459:
432:. The place name is related to the name of the
386:, whose name is thought to be a combination of
925:Arzumanian, Makich; et al., eds. (1981).
527:), Tus-Kustak (around Tavush fortress, modern
402:, another group. Wolfgang Schulze writes that
280:
2353:
1916:
1701:
1473:Haykakan hanragitarani glkhavor khmbagrutʻyun
1351:Haykakan hanragitarani glkhavor khmbagrutʻyun
1019:Haykakan hanragitarani glkhavor khmbagrutʻyun
937:Haykakan hanragitarani glkhavor khmbagrutʻyun
764:had once lived there and had been Armenized.
53:Utik within Greater Armenia according to the
1634:Caucasian Albania: An International Handbook
1338:
624:The territory of Utik was controlled by the
1460:
1190:. Cambridge University Press. p. 682.
1165:. University of Chicago Press. p. 58.
1017:] (in Armenian). Vol. 12. Erevan:
1006:
395:
388:
381:
375:
369:
313:
301:
207:following the partition of Armenia between
2360:
2346:
1923:
1909:
1876:. Cambridge University Press. p. 84.
1874:Historiography and Space in Late Antiquity
1758:
1572:
1471:] (in Armenian). Vol. 4. Erevan:
1349:] (in Armenian). Vol. 1. Erevan:
935:] (in Armenian). Vol. 7. Erevan:
924:
47:
1871:
1844:
1715:
1543:. Chico, CA: Scholars Press. p. 33.
1497:
1495:
239:In Armenian sources, Utik is also called
1510:
1430:
1363:
1297:
1035:
972:
684:
464:
163:
2099:, Shanazarians and Avanians, 1603–1822)
1669:
1527:
1256:
739:, the modern-day Udis, and the toponym
2475:
1850:Studies in Christian Caucasian History
1754:
1752:
1750:
1600:
1598:
1533:
1492:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1185:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1080:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
444:section). Later, Utik and neighboring
16:Historical province of Greater Armenia
2341:
1904:
1332:
1252:
1250:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
968:
966:
964:
920:
918:
718:According to many scholars, the name
227:province of present-day northeastern
223:, while a part of it lies within the
1521:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
1454:
1377:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
979:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
751:was a common term among speakers of
469:According to the Armenian geography
1747:
1725:(in Russian). Vol. 1. Moscow:
1595:
1566:
1419:
1136:
989:
981:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
497:Utik consisted of eight districts (
13:
1862:Cited in Hewsen 1982, 29, note 16.
1523:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
1379:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
1247:
1057:
961:
915:
825:List of regions of ancient Armenia
664:, but, according to the author of
263:'district of the people of Utik',
14:
2509:
19:For the village in Slovenia, see
2498:Historical regions in Azerbaijan
2378:
2010:
1967:Kingdom of Armenia (Middle Ages)
1820:. Translation and commentary by
784:and the reputed ancestor of the
489:, but belonged, at the time, to
149:
137:
2103:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
2083:Zakarid Principality of Armenia
1865:
1838:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1709:
1694:
1663:
1616:
1607:
1586:
1557:
1504:
1483:
1464:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1357:
1342:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
1323:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1261:. In Mumm, Peter-Arnold (ed.).
1238:
1212:
1179:
1010:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
928:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
896:
887:, which some scholars read as *
875:
862:
852:
441:
1949:Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
1102:
1029:
952:
943:
837:
636:and the succeeding kingdom of
575:
257:'land of the people of Utik',
95:declaring himself independent
1:
2493:Ancient history of Azerbaijan
1398:Hewsen 1992, pp. 67, 262–263.
909:
793:
753:Northeast Caucasian languages
713:
662:Roman–Persian peace of 363 AD
509:, in the valley of the river
1579:Die altarmenischen Ortsnamen
1511:Bosworth, Edmund C. (2000).
1469:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
1347:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
1112:, VI, 42; XII, 28. Cited in
1015:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
949:Hewsen 1992, p. 309, note 3.
933:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
889:
883:
519:
500:
481:
460:Geography and administration
404:
362:
350:
287:
271:
265:
259:
253:
247:
241:
7:
1977:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1670:Gadjiev, Murtazali (2017).
1163:Armenia: A Historical Atlas
1114:Akopian , Aleksan (2022) .
872:or further up the Aghstafa.
818:
729:Caucasian Albanian language
704:Bagratid kingdom of Armenia
368:, mentioned by Strabo, and
191:
10:
2514:
2061:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
1785:Schulze 2018, pp. 289–292.
1389:Hewsen 1992, pp. 65A, 142.
1288:Schulze 2018, pp. 289–290.
1257:Schulze, Wolfgang (2018).
619:
275:'Utian land/district'. In
18:
2385:
2376:
2275:
2215:
2124:
2117:(1991–2023, unrecognized)
2095:(Beglarians, Israelians,
2039:Principality of Hamamshen
2019:
2008:
1939:
1882:10.1017/9781108686686.004
1702:
1688:10.1163/1573384X-20170202
1647:10.1515/9783110794687-002
1592:Hewsen 1992, pp. 189–191.
1196:10.1017/9781316848203.013
1046:Armenia according to the
958:Harutiunian 1986, p. 268.
893:and identify with Syunik.
682:Armenian kingdom in 428.
670:, in 370 AD the Armenian
180:
132:
128:
124:
120:
103:
89:
85:
71:
67:
46:
41:
33:
28:
1818:History of the Armenians
1794:Akopian 2022, pp. 72–74.
1563:Akopian 2022, pp. 67–68.
1265:(1st ed.). Berlin:
1244:Akopian 2022, pp. 69–70.
1230:settled in Uitia, while
973:Chaumont, M. L. (1985).
830:
219:immediately west of the
1220:некоторая часть энианов
845:
667:Buzandaran Patmut’iwnk’
602:Shamkir (Shamkor) River
440:in Azerbaijan (see the
428:, and the mountains of
234:
2368:Historical regions of
2276:Other provinces under
2216:Other Armenian regions
2063:(Kiurikians, 979–1118)
1931:Historical states and
1700:Akopian 2022, p. 73: "
690:
606:Tigranakert of Artsakh
396:
389:
382:
376:
370:
326:in the Arabic history
314:
302:
281:
169:
2093:Melikdoms of Karabakh
2045:Kingdom of Vaspurakan
1776:Schulze 2018, p. 303.
1760:Shnirelman, Victor A.
1682:(2). Brill: 122–123.
1676:Iran and the Caucasus
1623:Dum-Tragut, Jasmine;
939:. p. 321, inlay.
688:
590:Movses Kaghankatvatsi
465:Districts and borders
254:Utiats’wots’ ashkharh
167:
2245:Armenian Mesopotamia
2105:(1921, unrecognized)
2079:(Khachen, 1000–1261)
1940:Independent Armenian
1803:Akopian 2022, p. 74.
1729:. pp. 102–103.
1574:Hübschmann, Heinrich
1501:Hewsen 1992, p. 263.
1489:Hewsen 2001, map 52.
1416:Hewsen 2001, p. 102.
1407:Hewsen 1992, p. 261.
1329:Hewsen 1992, p. 195.
1279:Akopian 2022, p. 70.
1222:поселилась в Уитии,
803:monastic schools of
723:people, who speak a
551:. It was bounded by
213:Eastern Roman Empire
2001:Republic of Armenia
1995:Republic of Armenia
1613:Hewsen 2001, p. 32.
1604:Hewsen 1982, p. 32.
843:Without the suffix
813:Kirakos Gandzaketsi
309:Ravenna Cosmography
260:Utiats’wots’ gavar’
2279:Tigranes the Great
2077:Kingdom of Artsakh
2029:Satrapy of Armenia
2020:Minor or dependent
1933:regions of Armenia
1717:Alikberov, A. K.;
1353:. p. 524-525.
1309:. pp. 15–16.
1228:some of the Enians
797: 7th century
691:
675:Mushegh Mamikonian
203:. It was ceded to
201:Kingdom of Armenia
170:
36:Kingdom of Armenia
2468:
2467:
2370:Caucasian Albania
2335:
2334:
2067:Kingdom of Syunik
2055:Kingdom of Vanand
1891:978-1-108-68668-6
1831:978-0-88206-111-5
1822:Robert W. Thomson
1814:Moses Khorenatsʻi
1736:978-5-89282-642-6
1723:Albania Caucasica
1656:978-3-11-079459-5
1535:Hewsen, Robert H.
1432:Garsoïan, Nina G.
1316:978-90-04-67738-8
1205:978-1-107-18065-9
1159:Hewsen, Robert H.
1129:978-5-8080-1485-5
1082:Hewsen, Robert H.
881:Strabo refers to
786:princes of Syunik
774:Movses Khorenatsi
626:Achaemenid Empire
491:Caucasian Albania
477:Anania Shirakatsi
205:Caucasian Albania
195:), also known as
189:
162:
161:
107:Caucasian Albania
2505:
2382:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2130:of Armenia Major
2014:
1963:, 553 BC–428 AD)
1925:
1918:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1846:Toumanoff, Cyril
1842:
1836:
1835:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1517:Yarshater, Ehsan
1508:
1502:
1499:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1428:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1373:Yarshater, Ehsan
1361:
1355:
1354:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1299:Mutafian, Claude
1295:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1155:
1134:
1133:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1078:
1055:
1054:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1004:
987:
986:
970:
959:
956:
950:
947:
941:
940:
922:
903:
900:
894:
892:
886:
879:
873:
866:
860:
856:
850:
848:
841:
809:Vanakan Vardapet
798:
795:
770:Bagrat Ulubabyan
638:Media Atropatene
523:, around modern
522:
503:
484:
407:
401:
392:
385:
379:
373:
367:
355:
346:Robert H. Hewsen
317:
305:
290:
284:
277:Suren Yeremian's
274:
268:
266:Utiakan ashkharh
262:
256:
250:
244:
194:
184:
182:
155:
153:
152:
143:
141:
140:
105:• Given to
61:Suren Yeremian's
51:
26:
25:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2336:
2331:
2277:
2271:
2211:
2129:
2120:
2097:Hasan-Jalalians
2022:Armenian states
2021:
2015:
2006:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1899:
1892:
1870:
1866:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1757:
1748:
1737:
1714:
1710:
1699:
1695:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1532:
1528:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1429:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1365:Bosworth, C. E.
1362:
1358:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1156:
1137:
1130:
1110:Natural History
1107:
1103:
1096:
1079:
1058:
1048:Ashkharhatsuyts
1037:Yeremian, Suren
1034:
1030:
1005:
990:
971:
962:
957:
953:
948:
944:
923:
916:
912:
907:
906:
901:
897:
880:
876:
867:
863:
857:
853:
842:
838:
833:
821:
796:
790:Ashkharhatsuyts
716:
708:Cyril Toumanoff
679:Sassanid Empire
654:Orontid dynasty
622:
578:
569:Ashkharhatsuyts
557:Ashkharhatsuyts
543:(around modern
495:Ashkharatsuyts,
487:Greater Armenia
475:(attributed to
472:Ashkharhatsuyts
467:
462:
356:, mentioned by
329:Futuh al-Buldan
237:
209:Sassanid Persia
150:
148:
147:
138:
136:
113:
96:
78:
56:Ashkharhatsuyts
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2511:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2223:Lesser Armenia
2219:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2109:Soviet Armenia
2106:
2100:
2090:
2080:
2074:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2042:
2036:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2003:(1991–present)
1998:
1992:
1974:
1964:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1864:
1837:
1830:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1746:
1735:
1719:Gadjiev, M. S.
1708:
1693:
1662:
1655:
1641:. p. 48.
1615:
1606:
1594:
1585:
1565:
1556:
1549:
1526:
1503:
1491:
1482:
1453:
1446:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1356:
1331:
1322:
1315:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1269:. p. 289.
1246:
1237:
1211:
1204:
1178:
1171:
1135:
1128:
1101:
1094:
1056:
1028:
988:
960:
951:
942:
913:
911:
908:
905:
904:
895:
874:
861:
851:
835:
834:
832:
829:
828:
827:
820:
817:
715:
712:
621:
618:
577:
574:
537:Qazax District
466:
463:
461:
458:
448:were known as
272:Utiakan gavar’
236:
233:
160:
159:
134:
130:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
104:
101:
100:
97:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
73:
72:Historical era
69:
68:
65:
64:
44:
43:
39:
38:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2510:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Upper Armenia
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2125:Provinces or
2123:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2035:, 522–331 BC)
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2013:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1625:Gippert, Jost
1619:
1610:
1601:
1599:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1560:
1552:
1550:0-89130-565-3
1546:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1447:0-674-25865-7
1443:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1172:0-226-33228-4
1168:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1095:3-88226-485-3
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
985:
980:
976:
969:
967:
965:
955:
946:
938:
934:
930:
929:
921:
919:
914:
899:
891:
885:
878:
871:
865:
855:
847:
840:
836:
826:
823:
822:
816:
814:
810:
806:
800:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
711:
709:
705:
700:
696:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
669:
668:
663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
573:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
502:
496:
492:
488:
483:
478:
474:
473:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
400:
399:
393:
391:
384:
378:
372:
366:
365:
359:
354:
353:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
316:
311:
310:
306:in the Latin
304:
299:
298:
294:
289:
283:
278:
273:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
187:
178:
174:
166:
158:
146:
135:
133:Today part of
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
102:
98:
94:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
57:
50:
45:
42:189 BC–387 AD
40:
37:
32:
27:
22:
2470:
2404:
2191:
2167:Nor Shirakan
2126:
2089:, 1201–1335)
1991:, 1080–1375)
1873:
1867:
1849:
1840:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1740:
1722:
1711:
1696:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1633:
1618:
1609:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1559:
1539:
1529:
1520:
1506:
1485:
1468:
1463:
1456:
1436:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1359:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1262:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1187:
1181:
1162:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1085:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1031:
1014:
1009:
982:
978:
954:
945:
932:
927:
898:
877:
864:
854:
839:
801:
789:
766:
760:
756:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
719:
717:
692:
671:
666:
658:
623:
582:Agathangelos
579:
568:
556:
498:
494:
470:
468:
417:
413:
409:
387:
337:
334:al-Baladhuri
327:
323:
307:
295:
238:
196:
172:
171:
54:
34:Province of
21:Utik, Vodice
2255:Mountainous
2111:(1920–1991)
2073:, 987–1170)
2051:, 908–1021)
1997:(1918–1920)
1973:, 884–1045)
1475:. pp.
1021:. pp.
805:Khoranashat
697:, the king
576:Settlements
515:Khachinchay
80:Middle Ages
2477:Categories
2317:Cappadocia
2292:Atropatene
2187:Paytakaran
2172:Vaspurakan
2057:(963–1064)
2041:(790–1486)
1971:Bagratunis
1639:De Gruyter
1637:. Berlin:
1305:. Leiden:
1267:De Gruyter
1232:the others
910:References
714:Population
642:Artaxias I
598:Tigranes I
549:Paytakaran
517:), Aghve (
442:Population
434:Udi people
422:Kura River
221:Kura River
217:Azerbaijan
145:Azerbaijan
93:Artaxias I
2400:Cambysene
2152:Turuberan
2087:Zakarians
2049:Artsrunis
1989:Lusignans
1985:Hethumids
1957:Artaxiads
1858:505712128
1224:другая же
975:"Albania"
565:Shakashen
541:Shakashen
358:Herodotus
297:Geography
293:Ptolemy's
186:romanized
111:Sassanids
76:Antiquity
2435:Kaladash
2390:Caspiane
2297:Adiabene
2162:Corduene
2147:Arzanene
2127:Ashkhars
2033:Orontids
1981:Rubenids
1961:Arsacids
1953:Orontids
1848:(1963).
1816:(2006).
1762:(2001).
1721:(eds.).
1627:(2023).
1576:(1904).
1434:(1989).
1367:(1986).
1161:(2001).
1084:(1992).
1039:(1963).
870:Aghstafa
819:See also
761:*an-arya
672:sparapet
646:Caspiane
630:Doriscus
535:(modern
525:Gülüstan
482:ashkharh
450:Karabakh
430:Karabakh
383:Utidorsi
282:utiats’i
211:and the
177:Armenian
2440:Kapalak
2425:Kholmaz
2395:Gardman
2327:Osroene
2312:Albania
2302:Assyria
2250:Cilicia
2207:Ayrarat
2182:Artsakh
2157:Moxoene
2142:Sophene
2115:Artsakh
1519:(ed.).
1513:"Ganja"
1375:(ed.).
1369:"Arrān"
1108:Pliny,
884:Phauene
695:Peroz I
650:Artsakh
620:History
614:Kavad I
561:Gardman
553:Artsakh
533:Gardman
507:Jraberd
446:Artsakh
364:Ouitioi
229:Armenia
188::
157:Armenia
91:•
2460:Hereti
2450:Cholaa
2445:Hegeri
2430:Gelavu
2307:Iberia
2233:Second
2197:Gugark
2177:Syunik
2071:Siunis
1942:states
1888:
1856:
1828:
1733:
1727:IV RAN
1653:
1547:
1444:
1313:
1202:
1169:
1126:
1092:
890:Sauene
725:Lezgic
594:Aghdam
586:Elishe
511:Tartar
501:gavar’
485:s) of
424:, the
410:Uti(k)
352:Outioi
342:Strabo
338:Ouitia
322:, and
303:Otenon
225:Tavush
154:
142:
116:387 AD
99:189 BC
2455:Lpina
2420:Shake
2415:Eghni
2322:Judea
2287:Syria
2265:Rocky
2260:Plain
2238:Third
2228:First
1515:. In
1479:–716.
1467:[
1371:. In
1345:[
1307:Brill
1118:[
1043:[
1025:–269.
1013:[
931:[
831:Notes
778:Sisak
699:Vache
634:Media
610:Barda
545:Ganja
529:Tovuz
454:Arran
405:Otene
398:Aorsi
371:Udini
320:Pliny
315:Otena
288:Otene
192:Utik’
181:Ուտիք
59:(per
2410:Begh
2405:Utik
2202:Tayk
2192:Utik
1987:and
1959:and
1886:ISBN
1854:OCLC
1826:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1090:ISBN
859:sea.
811:and
782:Hayk
759:and
757:arya
741:Utik
720:Utik
588:and
520:Ałuē
426:Arax
418:Uti-
414:Udi-
408:and
394:and
269:and
248:Awti
235:Name
173:Utik
63:map)
29:Utik
1878:doi
1684:doi
1643:doi
1477:715
1192:doi
1023:267
846:-k’
749:Uti
745:Udi
737:Uti
733:Udi
539:),
531:),
438:Nij
390:Uti
377:Uti
340:by
332:by
324:Ūdh
318:by
291:in
242:Uti
197:Uti
109:by
2479::
1983:,
1955:,
1884:.
1749:^
1739:.
1706:."
1680:21
1678:.
1674:.
1649:.
1597:^
1494:^
1421:^
1249:^
1198:.
1138:^
1059:^
991:^
977:.
963:^
917:^
794:c.
604:.
360:,
312:,
300:,
251:,
245:,
231:.
183:,
179::
2361:e
2354:t
2347:v
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2069:(
2047:(
2031:(
1979:(
1969:(
1951:(
1924:e
1917:t
1910:v
1894:.
1880::
1860:.
1834:.
1690:.
1686::
1659:.
1645::
1553:.
1450:.
1319:.
1208:.
1194::
1175:.
1132:.
1098:.
792:(
747:/
735:/
416:/
175:(
23:.
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