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launched a search for the missing expedition in 1848. In the many subsequent searches in the decades afterwards, several artefacts from the expedition were discovered, including the remains of two men, which were returned to
Britain. A series of scientific studies in modern times suggested that the
2453:, along with general exposure to a hostile environment while lacking adequate clothing and nutrition, killed everyone on the expedition in the years after it was last sighted by a whaling ship in July 1845. Cut marks on some of the bones recovered during these studies also supported allegations of
1709:
For historical reasons, the "end" of a freely hanging magnet that points (roughly) north is itself called the "north pole" of the magnet, and the other end, pointing south, is called the magnet's "south pole". Because opposite poles attract, Earth's south magnetic pole is physically actually a
2534:
1519:
1455:
194:, respectively. Historically, this was accomplished by explorers making often arduous travels on foot or by sled in these regions, known as a polar expedition. More recently, exploration has been accomplished with technology, particularly with
2298:, Bering resigned in 1724 to avoid the continuing embarrassment of his low rank to his wife; and upon retirement was promoted to first captain. Bering was permitted to keep the rank as he rejoined the Russian Navy later the same year. (
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and to record magnetic data to help determine whether a better understanding could aid navigation. The expedition met with disaster after both ships and their crews, a total of 129 officers and men, became icebound in
2034:
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Taking to the seas as a ship's boy at the age of 15, Bering travelled extensively over the next eight years, as well as taking naval training in
Amsterdam. In 1704, he enrolled with the rapidly expanding navy of Tsar
2574:
227:. However, due to harsh weather conditions, the poles themselves would not be reached for centuries after that. When they finally were reached, the achievement was realized only a few years apart. (
2504:
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on 11 April 1982. Travelling south once more, they arrived again in
Greenwich on 29 August 1982. It required traversing both of the poles and the use of boats in some places.
71:
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Observed south dip poles during 1903–2000 are yellow squares. IGRF-12 Modeled pole locations from 1590 to 2020 are circles progressing from blue to yellow.
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on the
Pacific. His exploit was forgotten for almost a hundred years and Bering is usually given credit for discovering the strait that bears his name. (
1307:) was a Swede who briefly resided in Iceland, according to the Sagas. He is said to be the second Scandinavian to reach the island of Iceland after
319:
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were abandoned in April 1848, by which point two dozen men, including
Franklin, had died. The survivors, now led by Franklin's second-in-command,
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1703:
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became icebound and was eventually crushed. Melville was one of the 13 survivors from the thirty-three men that began the expedition. The
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lines are directed perpendicular to the nominal surface. The
Geomagnetic South Pole, a related point, is the south pole of an ideal
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3019:
2195:"for courage and heroism showed in extremal conditions and successful completion of High-Latitude Arctic Deep-Water Expedition." (
715:, and which was indisputably the first to fly across the polar ice cap from Europe to America. Nobile also designed and flew the
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2266:, exploring the north-eastern coast of the Asian continent and from there the western coast on the North American continent. The
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in suburban south London when he was ten. Shackleton's first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on
Captain
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500:
To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the
Canadian and British governments declared
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during
Franklin's lost expedition. Disko Bay is about 3,200 km (2,000 mi) from the mouth of the Mackenzie River.
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in his first two voyages, but was turned back on both occasions by ice. During a third expedition, the crew discovered
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a second polar airship; this second expedition ended in a deadly crash and provoked an international rescue effort. (
1835:, but subsequently became stranded on Novaya Zemlya for almost a year. Barentsz died on the return voyage in 1597. (
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On
January 10, 2008, three of expedition members who performed the descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole,
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1905:'s Ministry of Sea Transport was responsible for the administration, logistics and supply of the expeditions. (
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1006:. As a botanist and cartographer, he gave his name to several seaweeds, plants and shrubs, and places such as
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of 1901–1904, from which he was sent home early on health grounds, after he and his companions Scott and
1943:(2 October 1842 – 7 August 1920) was a Swedish naval officer, mostly remembered as the captain on
391:, the most active Antarctic volcano. On returning home, Shackleton was knighted for his achievements by
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as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed. (
691:; 21 January 1885 – 30 July 1978) was an Italian aviator, aeronautical engineer and Arctic explorer.
245:
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614:
March 7, 1605 – 1673) was a Russian explorer of Siberia and the first European to sail through the
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handled all communications between the land team and their support, and ran the polar bases. (
804:
for playing a key role in saving the life of a comrade on the second of the two expeditions. (
494:
is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to
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1399:, though his actual control over Russian territory was limited. Previously, he served in the
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387:, the largest advance to the pole in exploration history. Also, members of his team climbed
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1502:(7 November 1811 – 13 September 1883) was an English naval officer and explorer of the
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1205:
1201:
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Early in the civil war, Kolchak briefly served as the minister of war and navy in the
1099:
between 1893 and 1912. It was designed and built by the Scottish-Norwegian shipwright
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Do you have a question about Polar exploration that you can't find the answer to?
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on 15 December 1980. Over the next 14 months, they travelled north, reaching the
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4 November] 1874 – 7 February 1920) was a Russian military leader and
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940:
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806:
770:
724:
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678:
632:
594:
501:
372:
2254:), was a Danish-born Russian cartographer and explorer, and an officer in the
2221:
947:, who explored the Arctic with him, and later led expeditions to Antarctica. (
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2294:. After serving with the navy in significant but non-combat roles during the
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1820:
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Late 19th-century portrait based on an early 17th-century miniature engraving
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1609:(1979–1982) was the first expedition to make a longitudinal (north–south)
1232:
for his gallantry and resourcefulness. He published a book in 1884 titled
345:, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family moved to
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saw him installed as leader and all authority was transferred to his own
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who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, and
884:
in 1907–09, and was one of the party of four men (Marshall, Shackleton,
34:
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1426:. His authority was eventually recognized by the other leaders of the
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He joined the U.S. Navy in 1861 and served as an engineer during the
1076:
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479:
331:
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2377:, and was assigned to traverse the last unnavigated sections of the
1815:
Barentsz went on three expeditions to the far north in search for a
426:
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2154:
1980:
1824:
1809:
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seaman and polar explorer. He was twice awarded gold medals by the
476:
364:
set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82°S. During the
2686:
5693:
5073:
3338:
3314:
3302:
2395:
2258:. He is known as a leader of two Russian expeditions, namely the
2242:; baptised 5 August 1681 – 19 December 1741), also known as
1439:
703:
495:
334:. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the
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1041:
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of 1907–1909, he and three companions established a new record
342:
1996:, explorer, sailing captain, ship designer, and a whale hunter
1613:
of the Earth using only surface transport. British adventurer
1537:
3325:
2162:
1434:
enjoyed more power than Kolchak. His government was based in
702:. He is primarily remembered for designing and piloting the
436:
John Cabot in traditional Venetian garb – mural painting by
2165:
of the dives. The "North Pole-35" (abbreviated as "NP-35")
1435:
1216:
in 1884. During the Jeannette expedition, in search of the
1134:
1354:
1071:("Forward") is a ship that was used in expeditions of the
1706:
that most closely fits the Earth's actual magnetic field.
1698:, is the point on Earth's Southern Hemisphere where the
4530:
1637:
in September 1979 and travelled south, arriving at the
711:, which may have been the first aircraft to reach the
1890:
of the Soviet Committee on Antarctic Research of the
1238:, about his experiences on the Jeanette expedition. (
892:) who reached Furthest South at on 9 January 1909. (
1566:(6 November 1796 – 23 June 1878) was a British
935:(24 June 1777 – 30 August 1856) was a Scottish
1204:. He was a member of three Arctic expeditions; the
186: – particularly with the goal of reaching the
1649:took part in the Antarctic leg of the expedition.
1430:, and he served as its principal leader, although
2078:(10 March 1800 – 16 November 1865) was a British
1992:(August 8, 1799 – June 21, 1877) was an American
2363:that departed England in 1845 aboard two ships,
2433:men of the expedition did not all die quickly.
2133:performed the first ever crewed descent to the
1950:, the first successful attempt to navigate the
1281:
1189:(January 10, 1841 – March 17, 1912) was a
868:(29 May 1879 – 26 February 1963) was a British
5854:sister projects provide more on this subject:
2732:
2398:. After being icebound for more than a year,
2127:Российская полярная экспедиция "Арктика-2007"
1300:
778:seaman who served as lead stoker on both the
774:(25 December 1867 – 12 June 1940) was a
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1472:
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1167:
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660:
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2394:in what is today the Canadian territory of
323:(15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an
2739:
2725:
1704:dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field
994:; 23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French
560:February 19), 1874 – May 18, 1927) was a
330:who led three British expeditions to the
248:Refresh with new selections below (purge)
5797:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
2323:
2239:[ˈviːtsʰusˈjoːnæsn̩ˈpe̝(ː)ɐ̯e̝ŋ]
2220:
2107:
1979:
1930:
1884:Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya
1880:Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ
1678:
1629:over both land and water. They began in
1574:, naturalist and artist. He was born in
1233:
972:
917:
533:
5857:
5842:
5372:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1888:Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
694:Nobile was a developer and promoter of
545:Nikifor Alekseevich Begichev (Bigichev)
440:(1762), in the Sala dello Scudo in the
246:
72:update the maintenance information here
14:
1271:
982:Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville
800:. Lashly was also recognised with the
4516:
2758:
2746:
2720:
2237:
2149:, made possible, in part, because of
2141:, as part of research related to the
1774:
1290:
989:
686:
462:
2328:Map of the probable routes taken by
554:Никифор Алексеевич Бегичев (Бигичев)
29:
5158:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
3355:Norse colonization of North America
2518:and sledge party with flags at the
2006:, which he explored in 1820 on his
1940:Adolf Arnold Louis Palander af Vega
1716:North magnetic pole § Polarity
375:latitude of 88°23′ S, only 97
336:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
23:
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4687:United States Exploring Expedition
2622:
2494:
1570:officer, explorer of the Canadian
1416:Provisional All-Russian Government
1311:. He and his family appear in the
1292:[ˈkarðˌaːrˈsvaːvar̥sˌsɔːn]
1230:Congressional Gold Jeannette Medal
1058:during Roald Amundsen's expedition
486:. His 1497 voyage to the coast of
66:when editing, especially if using
24:
6059:
5761:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
5129:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
2129:) was a 2007 expedition in which
1115:sheet and float with it over the
383:or 180 kilometres) from the
5655:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
5048:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2617:
2573:
2533:
2503:
2310:
2207:
2147:territorial claims in the Arctic
2094:
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1966:
1917:
1847:
1730:
1665:
1590:
1518:
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1107:in which the plan was to freeze
1022:
959:
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816:
734:
700:years between the two World Wars
642:
622:did. In 1648 he sailed from the
580:
520:
407:
266:
205:theorized that the planet was a
33:
2351:was a failed British voyage of
2021:, one of the town's founders. (
1892:Academy of Sciences of the USSR
1786:– 20 June 1597), anglicized as
1625:, that attempted to follow the
1315:with the principal source from
1273:[ˈɡɑrðˌɑrːˈswɑwɑrsˌson]
796:, for which he was awarded the
159:
2457:reported by Franklin searcher
2193:Hero of the Russian Federation
2143:2001 Russian territorial claim
1381:Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к
13:
1:
5034:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
4969:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
4517:
2633:Select to view subcategories
2475:
1780:
1395:from 1918 to 1920 during the
1372:Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak
611:
472:
468:
223:, which notes a hypothetical
5391:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
5207:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
5013:French Antarctic Expeditions
4943:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
4829:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2947:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
2710:
2679:Awards for polar exploration
2424:Pressed by Franklin's wife,
2286:were all named in his honor.
1896:Russian Antarctic Expedition
1214:Lady Franklin Bay expedition
7:
4476:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
4155:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
3020:Andrée's balloon expedition
2167:manned drifting ice station
1863:Soviet Antarctic Expedition
626:on the Arctic Ocean to the
566:Russian Academy of Sciences
464:[dʒoˈvannikaˈbɔːto]
303:Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton
10:
6064:
5895:Free textbooks and manuals
3677:Franklin's lost expedition
3377:Christian IV's expeditions
2759:
2697:Specialized polar vehicles
2484:Consider asking it at the
2348:Franklin's lost expedition
2260:First Kamchatka Expedition
2017:, and was a descendant of
1894:. It was succeeded by the
943:. He was the uncle of Sir
688:[umˈbɛrtoˈnɔːbile]
492:Henry VII, King of England
68:automated editing software
54:. It is possible that any
42:Portal maintenance status:
5494:
5225:
4812:
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4529:
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4512:
4031:Great Northern Expedition
3925:
3707:Rae–Richardson expedition
3456:
3301:
2907:British Arctic Expedition
2799:
2771:
2767:
2754:
2668:Exploration of the Arctic
2657:Exploration of Antarctica
2264:Great Northern Expedition
2251:
2153:. As well as dropping a
2126:
2070:Sir Horatio Thomas Austin
1945:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld's
1879:
1776:[ˈʋɪləmˈbaːrənts]
1380:
603:
595:Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov
553:
258:Selected general articles
225:Terra Australis Incognita
6015:Dictionary and thesaurus
5955:Collection of quotations
5315:British Antarctic Survey
5309:Captain Arturo Prat Base
4554:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
2486:Knowledge reference desk
1383:; 16 November [
991:[ʒyldymɔ̃dyʁvil]
498:in the eleventh century.
490:under the commission of
58:may no longer be needed.
5791:Pole of inaccessibility
5454:Antarctic Treaty System
3795:2nd Grinnell expedition
2554:, 1809. It depicts the
2449:and diseases including
2082:officer and explorer. (
2015:Stonington, Connecticut
1819:. He reached as far as
1393:Supreme Ruler of Russia
1208:in 1873, the ill-fated
1186:George Wallace Melville
763:Lashly in November 1911
201:From 600 BC to 300 BC,
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1998:. He gave his name to
1989:Nathaniel Brown Palmer
1984:
1935:
1753:
1684:
1617:led a team, including
1541:
1477:
1391:who held the title of
1358:
1301:
1282:
1226:United States Congress
1193:officer, engineer and
1172:
1105:1893 Arctic expedition
1103:for Fridtjof Nansen's
1045:
977:
922:
839:
757:
684:Italian pronunciation:
671:Umberto Nobile c. 1923
665:
604:Семён Ива́нович Дежнёв
539:
459:
430:
289:
6004:
5984:
5964:
5944:
5924:
5904:
5884:
5875:Free media repository
5864:
5461:Transglobe Expedition
5360:Operation Deep Freeze
4769:Challenger expedition
3635:Coppermine expedition
3156:Drifting ice stations
2626:
2327:
2244:Ivan Ivanovich Bering
2230:Vitus Jonassen Bering
2224:
2111:
2055:
1983:
1934:
1752:
1682:
1606:Transglobe Expedition
1540:
1494:Sir Richard Collinson
1476:
1401:Imperial Russian Navy
1357:
1228:awarded Melville the
1171:
1044:
987:French pronunciation:
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921:
838:
756:
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442:Doge's Palace, Venice
429:
288:
209:with North and South
5975:Free-content library
5852:Wikimedia Foundation
5844:Associated Wikimedia
2252:Иван Иванович Беринг
2191:were awarded titles
2157:tube containing the
1772:Dutch pronunciation:
1694:, also known as the
1210:Jeannette expedition
606:; sometimes spelled
362:Edward Adrian Wilson
178:of Earth – the
5995:Free learning tools
5915:Free knowledge base
5631:South magnetic pole
4297:Brusilov expedition
3406:Danish colonization
2844:North magnetic pole
2547:Nelson and the Bear
2392:King William Island
1696:magnetic south pole
1691:south magnetic pole
1615:Sir Ranulph Fiennes
696:semi-rigid airships
438:Giustino Menescardi
351:Robert Falcon Scott
70:. Learn how to
6046:Purge server cache
6006:
5986:
5966:
5946:
5926:
5906:
5886:
5866:
5322:Operation Windmill
5303:Operation Highjump
4278:Rusanov expedition
4183:A. E. Nordenskiöld
3927:North East Passage
3731:McClure expedition
2629:
2428:, and others, the
2353:Arctic exploration
2344:
2296:Great Northern War
2226:
2174:Anatoly Sagalevich
2114:
2057:
1985:
1936:
1886:) was part of the
1754:
1685:
1627:Greenwich meridian
1542:
1478:
1438:, in southwestern
1420:November 1918 coup
1405:Russo-Japanese War
1403:and fought in the
1359:
1264:Garðarr Svavarsson
1206:Polaris expedition
1202:American Civil War
1191:United States Navy
1173:
1125:is preserved as a
1046:
978:
923:
876:explorer with the
852:Lieutenant Colonel
840:
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666:
618:, 80 years before
540:
431:
377:geographical miles
328:Antarctic explorer
295:Shackleton in 1904
290:
213:. By 150 AD,
203:Greek philosophers
170:is the process of
52:single page layout
50:This portal has a
6047:
5935:Free-content news
5835:
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5826:
5289:Operation Tabarin
5151:Far Eastern Party
4997:Nimrod Expedition
4508:
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4067:M. Pronchishcheva
3989:Siberian Cossacks
3458:Northwest Passage
2791:Research stations
2748:Polar exploration
2646:Polar exploration
2634:
2607:Polar exploration
2565:Polar exploration
2560:Northwest Passage
2525:Polar exploration
2379:Northwest Passage
2189:Artur Chilingarov
2178:Yevgeny Chernyaev
2112:Arctic topography
2013:. He was born in
1952:Northeast Passage
1817:Northeast passage
1700:geomagnetic field
1623:Charles R. Burton
1504:Northwest Passage
1483:Collinson in 1877
1397:Russian Civil War
1303:Gardar Svavarsson
1285:Garðar Svavarsson
1235:In the Lena Delta
1010:in New Zealand. (
882:Ernest Shackleton
878:Nimrod Expedition
196:satellite imagery
167:Polar exploration
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5336:Ronne Expedition
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4679:Dumont d'Urville
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4062:V. Pronchishchev
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2151:Arctic shrinkage
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1611:circumnavigation
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1212:in 1879 and the
1178:Melville in 1904
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6036:List of portals
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5366:McMurdo Station
5235:Modern research
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4956:O. Nordenskjöld
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4724:Ross expedition
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3462:Northern Canada
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2690:Polar explorers
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2648:
2641:
2627:Category puzzle
2620:
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2611:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2556:1773 expedition
2552:Richard Westall
2541:
2540:
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2529:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2497:
2495:Selected images
2491:
2490:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:Full article...
2447:zinc deficiency
2423:
2422:
2419:James Fitzjames
2414:
2408:Francis Crozier
2388:Victoria Strait
2383:Canadian Arctic
2345:
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2305:
2301:Full article...
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2198:Full article...
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2024:Full article...
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1957:Full article...
1948:Vega expedition
1937:
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1908:Full article...
1900:
1899:
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1838:Full article...
1814:
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1788:William Barents
1783:
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1767:Willem Barentsz
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1721:Full article...
1714:pole (see also
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1656:Full article...
1598:
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1558:Sir George Back
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1445:Full article...
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1364:Kolchak in 1919
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1326:Full article...
1313:Icelandic Sagas
1258:
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1241:Full article...
1199:
1198:
1195:Arctic explorer
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1140:Full article...
1121:
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1085:Fridtjof Nansen
1079:regions by the
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1013:Full article...
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207:Spherical Earth
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4086:
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4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3935:
3933:
3931:Russian Arctic
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3373:
3368:
3366:Snæbjörn galti
3363:
3358:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3268:
3261:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3159:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:Farthest North
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2661:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2590:Helmer Hanssen
2586:Roald Amundsen
2579:
2572:
2570:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2509:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2443:lead poisoning
2322:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2280:Bering Glacier
2219:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2145:, one of many
2106:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2062:Austin in 1860
2061:
2060:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2032:
2030:
1978:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1859:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1758:
1757:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1647:Oliver Shepard
1635:United Kingdom
1619:Oliver Shepard
1602:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1546:
1545:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1428:White movement
1389:polar explorer
1363:
1362:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1319:'s edition of
1297:Modern Swedish
1262:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1218:Open Polar Sea
1177:
1176:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1097:Roald Amundsen
1050:
1049:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1019:
971:
965:
958:
956:
941:polar explorer
916:
910:
903:
901:
844:
843:
832:
831:
830:
829:
828:
822:
815:
813:
771:William Lashly
762:
761:
750:
749:
748:
747:
746:
740:
733:
731:
679:Umberto Nobile
670:
669:
658:
657:
656:
655:
654:
648:
641:
639:
592:
586:
579:
577:
556:; February 7 (
532:
526:
519:
517:
502:Cape Bonavista
435:
434:
423:
422:
421:
420:
419:
413:
406:
404:
373:Farthest South
294:
293:
282:
281:
280:
279:
278:
272:
265:
262:
261:
259:
256:
255:
254:
243:
235:
163:
161:
158:
157:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
83:
77:
76:
60:
59:
38:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6060:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6024:
6023:
6012:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5983:
5978:
5972:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5943:
5938:
5932:
5923:
5918:
5912:
5903:
5898:
5892:
5883:
5878:
5872:
5863:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5845:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4914:Discovery Hut
4912:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4818:
4811:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4444:A. Sibiryakov
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4416:Glavsevmorput
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3718:J. Richardson
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3480:M. Corte-Real
3478:
3476:
3475:G. Corte-Real
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3398:C. Richardson
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
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3739:Investigator
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3281:submersibles
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2256:Russian Navy
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2159:Russian flag
2135:ocean bottom
2118:Arktika 2007
2116:
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1987:
1955:
1938:
1906:
1903:Soviet Union
1883:
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1803:cartographer
1791:
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1547:Back in 1833
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1101:Colin Archer
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802:Albert Medal
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628:Anadyr River
624:Kolyma River
620:Vitus Bering
607:
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506:Newfoundland
449:
396:
389:Mount Erebus
366:
355:
301:
247:
238:Read more...
236:
228:
219:
200:
165:
164:
160:Introduction
81:
51:
41:
25:
5991:Wikiversity
5480:Lake Vostok
5430:Tryoshnikov
5352:Schlossbach
5243:Christensen
5185:James Caird
5106:E. R. Evans
4872:Dobrowolski
4842:de Gerlache
4544:Expeditions
4430:Aviaarktika
4384:Samoylovich
4255:Kolomeitsev
4149:Middendorff
4109:Gedenshtrom
3529:I. Fyodorov
3291:Chilingarov
3179:E. Fyodorov
2786:Expeditions
2455:cannibalism
2435:Hypothermia
2417:s captain,
2181: [
2000:Palmer Land
1994:seal hunter
1833:Bear Island
1829:Spitsbergen
1784: 1550
1409:World War I
1321:Landnámabók
1137:, Norway. (
1131:Fram Museum
1127:museum ship
872:doctor and
798:Polar Medal
325:Anglo-Irish
172:exploration
117:Mathematics
6011:Wiktionary
5971:Wikisource
5703:Terra Nova
5608:Shackleton
5551:J. C. Ross
5510:Resolution
5500:South Pole
5275:New Swabia
5199:Mackintosh
5171:Shackleton
5090:Terra Nova
5083:Terra Nova
4817:Heroic Age
4777:Challenger
4737:J. C. Ross
4647:Bransfield
4579:Resolution
4494:icebreaker
4458:Chelyuskin
4199:expedition
4177:Expedition
4119:Matyushkin
4077:Kh. Laptev
4072:Chelyuskin
3966:Heemskerck
3956:Chancellor
3951:Willoughby
3946:Koch boats
3889:Stefansson
3823:McClintock
3787:Inglefield
3629:J. C. Ross
3536:Resolution
3388:Cunningham
3286:Sagalevich
2975:expedition
2934:Stephenson
2894:C. F. Hall
2881:expedition
2855:J. C. Ross
2818:Heemskerck
2805:North Pole
2602:South Pole
2520:North Pole
2476:Need help?
2461:in 1854. (
2439:starvation
2284:Vitus Lake
2272:Bering Sea
2139:North Pole
2080:Royal Navy
2004:Antarctica
1643:North Pole
1639:South Pole
1568:Royal Navy
1424:government
1117:North Pole
1113:Arctic ice
1083:explorers
1056:Antarctica
1004:Antarctica
937:Royal Navy
890:Frank Wild
794:Antarctica
790:expedition
788:Terra Nova
783:expedition
776:Royal Navy
713:North Pole
451:John Cabot
385:South Pole
379:(112
369:Expedition
358:Expedition
220:Geographia
217:published
192:South Pole
188:North Pole
184:Antarctica
147:Technology
132:Philosophy
92:Activities
18:User:Godsy
6026:What are
5951:Wikiquote
5891:Wikibooks
5802:Tolstikov
5588:Discovery
5558:HMS
5543:HMS
5525:Adventure
5523:HMS
5508:HMS
5444:Tolstikov
5165:Endurance
4950:Antarctic
4935:Drygalski
4908:Discovery
4901:Discovery
4862:Arctowski
4775:HMS
4748:HMS
4742:Abernethy
4730:HMS
4708:USS
4695:Vincennes
4693:USS
4673:Astrolabe
4613:San Telmo
4594:Adventure
4592:HMS
4577:HMS
4572:Kerguelen
4534:Continent
4519:Antarctic
4396:Urvantsev
4354:Vilkitsky
4207:Jeannette
4205:USS
4197:Jeannette
4161:Weyprecht
4139:Pakhtusov
4089:Chichagov
4082:D. Laptev
4025:Permyakov
4000:Stadukhin
3995:Perfilyev
3972:Mangazeya
3910:H. Larsen
3875:Rasmussen
3830:HMS
3801:USS
3750:HMS
3737:HMS
3701:Collinson
3691:HMS
3683:HMS
3661:HMS
3609:HMS
3594:HMS
3579:HMS
3564:Mackenzie
3551:Discovery
3549:HMS
3534:HMS
3506:Discovery
3485:Frobisher
3448:Rasmussen
3361:Gunnbjörn
3307:Greenland
3236:USS
3227:USS
3099:Ellsworth
3041:Roosevelt
2971:Nansen's
2928:Discovery
2926:HMS
2913:HMS
2860:Abernethy
2828:Marmaduke
2711:Subtopics
2430:Admiralty
2372:HMS
2365:HMS
1799:navigator
1710:magnetic
1631:Greenwich
1576:Stockport
1268:Old Norse
1222:Jeannette
1111:into the
1081:Norwegian
1077:Antarctic
874:Antarctic
781:Discovery
480:navigator
356:Discovery
332:Antarctic
102:Geography
64:take care
5931:Wikinews
5911:Wikidata
5814:A. Fuchs
5771:V. Fuchs
5751:McKinley
5714:E. Evans
5673:Bjaaland
5668:Amundsen
5618:Marshall
5531:Furneaux
5383:V. Fuchs
5347:E. Ronne
5342:F. Ronne
5281:Ritscher
5135:SY
5123:Filchner
5067:Framheim
5061:Amundsen
4867:Racoviță
4852:Amundsen
4847:Lecointe
4716:Ringgold
4710:Porpoise
4600:Furneaux
4436:Shevelev
4391:Begichev
4370:Amundsen
4332:Nagórski
4310:Brusilov
4304:Sv. Anna
4218:Melville
4188:Palander
4144:Tsivolko
4104:Sannikov
4099:Billings
4042:Chirikov
3961:Barentsz
3903:St. Roch
3894:Bartlett
3868:Amundsen
3852:Sverdrup
3752:Resolute
3641:Franklin
3569:Kotzebue
3436:Sverdrup
3419:Scoresby
3393:Lindenov
3244:Plaisted
3229:Nautilus
3174:Shirshov
3148:Belyakov
3143:Baydukov
3117:Nautilus
3079:Amundsen
3039:SS
2998:Sverdrup
2993:Johansen
2963:Brainard
2958:Lockwood
2813:Barentsz
2562:. (from
2459:John Rae
2319:Image 25
2262:and the
2216:Image 24
2155:titanium
2103:Image 23
2042:Image 22
1975:Image 21
1926:Image 20
1856:Image 19
1825:Kara Sea
1823:and the
1810:explorer
1794:, was a
1739:Image 18
1674:Image 17
1599:Image 16
1527:Image 15
1463:Image 14
1418:until a
1344:Image 13
1259:Image 12
1158:Image 11
1031:Image 10
996:explorer
785:and the
484:explorer
347:Sydenham
341:Born in
137:Religion
56:subpages
6028:portals
5871:Commons
5819:Messner
5766:Hillary
5746:Balchen
5694:Polheim
5688:Wisting
5566:Crozier
5538:Weddell
5516:J. Cook
5486:Kapitsa
5467:Fiennes
5409:Klenova
5378:Hillary
5328:Ketchum
5254:BANZARE
5229:·
5074:Polheim
5040:Shirase
5026:Charcot
4836:Belgica
4755:Crozier
4667:Morrell
4662:Weddell
4640:Lazarev
4585:J. Cook
4539:History
4489:Arktika
4465:Krassin
4450:Voronin
4422:Schmidt
4408:Ushakov
4347:Vaygach
4315:Albanov
4284:Rusanov
4265:Kolchak
4260:Matisen
4234:Makarov
4213:De Long
4114:Wrangel
4094:Lyakhov
4047:Malygin
4005:Dezhnev
3832:Pandora
3803:Advance
3770:Kennedy
3765:Belcher
3758:Kellett
3745:McClure
3669:Beechey
3663:Blossom
3656:Simpson
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529:Image 3
496:Vinland
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275:Image 1
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62:Please
5729:Bowers
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4320:Konrad
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