795:
1129:
1082:. In early accounts, Smith described the interpreters as "spectacles", described as two transparent stones set in silver bows. The earliest association of the spectacles with the biblical term "Urim and Thummim" occurred in 1833 and Smith appears to have adopted the term in subsequent descriptions. The Urim and Thummim were said to have been found with the golden plates, a breastplate (to which the silver bows were attached in some descriptions), and the Sword of Laban. Smith's mother,
982:; however, these rabbinical sources questioned, or at least tried to justify, why Urim and Thummim would be required when a prophet was also present. The classical rabbinical writers argued that the Urim and Thummim were only permitted to be consulted by very prominent figures such as army generals, the most senior of court figures, and kings, and the only questions which could be raised were those which were asked for the benefit of the people as a whole. To uncover the sin of
878:. Where the biblical text elsewhere describes an Ephod being used, scholars presume that it is referring to use of the Urim and Thummim in conjunction with the Ephod, as this seems to be intimately connected with it; similarly where non-prophets are portrayed as asking God for guidance, and the advice is not described as given by visions, scholars think that Urim and Thummim were the medium implied. In all but two cases (
46:
974:, where it is implied, by reference to the Ephod, that the Urim and Thummim were fundamental elements in the popular form of the Israelite religion, in the mid 8th century BC. Consulting the Urim and Thummim was said to be permitted for determining territorial boundaries, and was said to be required, in addition to permission from the king or a prophet, if there was an intention to expand
1820:
1786:
1525:
998:(1 Sam. 22:20โ23, 23:6). He remained with David, and became priest of the party of which he was the leader (1 Sam. 30:7). When David ascended the throne of Judah, Abiathar was appointed High Priest (1 Chr. 15:11; 1 Kings 2:26) and the "king's counselor" (1 Chr. 27:33โ34). Meanwhile, Zadok, of the house of Eleazar, had been made High Priest. According to the
953:
meant "lights", argued that the rituals involving Urim and
Thummim involved questions being answered by great rays of light shining out of certain jewels on the breastplate; each jewel was taken to represent different letters, and the sequence of lighting thus would spell out an answer (though there
850:
would indicate the people. In the
Septuagint, a previous verse uses a phrase which is usually translated as "inquired of God", which is significant as the grammatical form of the Hebrew implies that the inquiry was performed by objects being manipulated; scholars view it as evident from these verses
1029:
had ended, that they were descended from the priesthood before the captivity began, were required to wait until priests in possession of Urim and
Thummim were discovered; this would appear to confirm the statements in the Talmud that the Urim and Thummim had by then been lost. Indeed, since the
886:), the question is one which is effectively answered by a simple "yes" or "no"; a number of scholars believe that the two exceptions to this pattern, which give more complex answers, were originally also just sequences of "yes" or "no" questions, but became corrupted by later editing.
925:, in order for the Urim and Thummim to give an answer, it was first necessary for the individual to stand facing the fully dressed high priest, and vocalise the question briefly and in a simple way, though it was not necessary for it to be loud enough for anyone else to hear it.
905:
was a single object) was chosen by touch and withdrawn or thrown out; since the Urim and
Thummim were put inside this pouch, they were presumably small and fairly flat, and were possibly tablets of wood or of bone. Considering the scholars' conclusion that
1086:, described these Urim and Thummim as being like "two smooth three-cornered diamonds." Smith and others also referred to individual seer stones also associated with Smith's dictation of the Book of Mormon as Urim and Thummim, although his wife,
1607:
825:
as key to understanding the Urim and
Thummim; the passage describes an attempt to identify a sinner by repeatedly splitting the people into two groups and identifying which group contains the sinner. In the version of this passage in the
1937:
1350:
had to rest on the breast of deities mediating between the other gods and mankind in order to function, while the Urim and
Thummim had to rest within the breastplate of the priest mediating between God and mankind.
958:, and only 12 jewels on the breastplate); two Talmudic rabbis, however, argued that the jewels themselves moved in a way that made them stand out from the rest, or even moved themselves into groups to form words.
1030:
priestly source, which textual scholars date to a couple of centuries prior to the captivity, does not appear to know what the Urim and
Thummim looked like, and there is no mention of the Urim and Thummim in the
629:(with divination by casting lots), although it is equally likely no casting was physically done, and the participants of Lights and Perfection waited for a sign to answer a question or reveal the will of God.
1371:
society, not as an invading force from outside, and therefore it would be natural for them to have used similar religious practices to other
Semitic nations; such scholars suspect that the concept of
2062:
Spencer, Stan. "Seers and Stones: The
Translation of the Book of Mormon as Divine Visions of an Old-Time Seer" Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship 24 (2017): 27-98
970:
in the Bible is the description in the Book of Exodus concerning the high priest's vestments; the chronologically earliest passage mentioning them, according to textual scholars, is in the
889:
There is no description of the form of the Urim and
Thummim in the passage describing the high priest's vestments, and a number of scholars believe that the author of the passage, which
2237:
2193:
2216:
625:
to determine whether those who claimed to be the descendants of the priests of Israel were truly of that class. The Urim and Thummim are sometimes connected by scholars with
1359:
on the Tablets of Destiny, while the Israelite breastplate had a jewelled stone upon it for each of the Israelite tribes, which may derive from the same principle. Like the
794:
1367:, the Tablets of Destiny came into use when the fate of king and nation was concerned. According to some archaeologists, the Israelites emerged as a subculture from within
1272:, "The story of a musician's fascinating discovery of an ancient relic, as he attempts to seek its mysterious significance and share the artifact with the world."
1116:
Smith extended the use of the term "Urim and Thummim" to describe the dwelling place of God, the earth in a future state, and the white stone mentioned in the
1038:, scholars suspect that use of them decayed some time before the Babylonian conquest, probably as a result of the growing influence of prophets at that time.
2365:
1437:
901:
the breastplate, which scholars think implies they were objects put into some sort of pouch within it, and then, while out of view, one (or one side, if the
1045:
the Urim and Thummim actually existed but no longer functioned in the practical sense since the priests no longer possessed the Holy Spirit. Rabbi
664:, for example), or, by taking the phrase allegorically, as meaning "revelation and truth" or "doctrine and truth." It appears in this form in the
2145:
534:
2244:
500:
1198:
Urim and Thummim were the names given to two objects of mystical technology in the Prosopopeia transmedia series, culminating in the
1002:
Abiathar was deposed from office when he was deserted by the Holy Spirit without which the Urim and Thummin could not be consulted.
918:
to confirm or refute suspected guilt; if the Urim was selected it meant guilt, while selection of the Thummim would mean innocence.
2050:
2001:
1340:; the first two of these are also mentioned copiously in Assyrian and Babylonian literature, and such literature also mentions
2207:
1102:
2375:
1058:
465:
101:
2370:
818:
775:
725:
essentially means "cursed or faultless", in reference to the deity's judgment of an accused person; in other words,
527:
897:, was not actually entirely aware of what they were either. Nevertheless, the passage does describe them as being
61:
2219:
at westvilleshul.org, by Beth Hamedrosh Hagodol โ B'nai Israel, the Westville Synagogue, New Haven, Connecticut
2072:
1094:
1062:
1013:, Talmudic sources are unanimous in agreeing that the Urim and Thummim stopped functioning much earlier, when
2360:
2198:
1489:
1184:
1132:
2146:"A man's obsession with a 'sacred' object is the latest focus for 'Dancing Outlaw' filmmaker Jacob Young"
1333:
1269:
937:
would immediately overcome the Priest and he would see the letters protruding in a prophetic vision. The
766:
to enhance their apparent majesty, not to indicate the presence of more than one. Along these lines, the
520:
879:
2329:
2230:
2120:
1593:
1261:, the two main characters go in search of the Urim and Thummim, imagined as stones with healing powers.
883:
435:
239:
215:
1974:
2155:
1922:
1071:
470:
1702:
1546:
1113:
believe that Smith's Urim and Thummim were functionally identical to the biblical Urim and Thummim.
933:
with the inquirer behind him, facing the Priest's back. After the inquirer asked his question, the
307:
2304:
2184:
1918:
1838:
1804:
1714:
1555:
1172:
983:
425:
349:
760:, meaning "oracle" and "command", respectively. According to his theory, the Hebrew words use a
2309:
1772:
1648:
1407:. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London, England: T. C. & E. C. Jack. p. 191.
1204:
1098:
934:
914:
essentially means "innocent", this would imply that the purpose of the Urim and Thummim was an
395:
205:
2096:
2294:
2150:
2024:"Biographical sketches of Joseph Smith the prophet, and his progenitors for many generations"
1242:
1226:
1168:
863:
762:
418:
364:
158:
135:
116:
20:
2284:
1901:
1484:
1049:
disagrees and maintains that during that era, the Urim and Thummim were completely absent.
1031:
1026:
1014:
871:
589:
440:
1829:
8:
1534:
1428:
1230:
1209:
979:
930:
922:
783:
737:
297:
225:
1090:, in her later accounts distinguished between the seer stones and the Urim and Thummim.
2319:
2279:
1795:
1569:
1479:
1342:
1199:
1164:
1117:
835:
822:
645:
475:
331:
121:
93:
2023:
1250:
gives to Santiago, with their colors representing โyesโ and โnoโ answers to questions.
2339:
1225:, the breastplate that is a part of the mystery is said to be the breastplate of the
1046:
890:
749:
505:
83:
68:
1402:
302:
2324:
1110:
1022:
838:
being separated from the rest of the people, and lots being cast between them; the
336:
220:
111:
2179:
2314:
2019:
1336:
mentions three methods of divine communication – dreams, prophets, and the
1221:
1140:
1083:
955:
915:
894:
614:
574:
556:
405:
210:
2289:
2211:
1833:
1825:
1799:
1791:
1550:
1538:
1530:
1433:
The Urim and Thummim: A Suggestion as to their Original Nature and Significance
1106:
1075:
945:
were words written on the sacred breastplate. Most of the Talmudic rabbis, and
867:
827:
676:. The latter use was defended in modern Catholic interpretations by connecting
653:
606:
485:
400:
341:
313:
2354:
2269:
1870:
1866:
1356:
1254:
1213:
1109:
is claimed to have attempted to use them to receive his own revelation. Many
1079:
1042:
971:
602:
495:
410:
359:
280:
1632:
Frankfurter, Yitzchok (Feb 21, 2018). "The Uniqueness of the Urim V'tumim".
1009:
argues that the Urim and Thummim continued to function until the era of the
1634:
1308:
1237:
1128:
1067:
1018:
695:
548:
354:
251:
88:
2217:
The Urim V'tumim: The History of Yale's Insignia and Jewish Thought Today
2202:
1542:
1247:
594:
45:
1093:
Smith also said he used the Urim and Thummim to assist him in receiving
1945:
1615:
1288:
1282:
1087:
1025:, it is mentioned that individuals who were unable to prove, after the
926:
839:
799:
661:
626:
1432:
1883:
1010:
975:
490:
274:
163:
2222:
1183:
itself is emblazoned in Hebrew across the open book pictured on the
2188:
2026:. Brigham Young University Religious Education Archive. p. 101
1304:
1246:, Urim and Thummim are black and white fortune-telling stones that
1006:
991:
946:
317:
194:
168:
153:
1401:
Peake, Arthur S. (Arthur Samuel); Grieve, Alexander James (1920).
660:
has traditionally been translated as "lights and perfections" (by
601:, a type of apron or garment. The pair are used frequently in the
1313:
995:
811:
673:
665:
189:
184:
148:
1194:
The Urim and Thummim are also mentioned in some modern fiction:
621:
to determine who was at fault for breaking the army's fast; and
2299:
1559:. Vol. 12. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 384โ385.
1368:
1352:
1300:
987:
938:
779:
669:
649:
622:
106:
1961:
Dale Morgan on the Mormons: Collected Works, Part 2, 1949โ1970
1346:, which are similar in some ways to the Urim and Thummim. The
2274:
2264:
2253:
1681:
1152:
1035:
875:
798:"God speaks through the Urim and Thummim," 1705 engraving by
610:
598:
480:
430:
388:
179:
143:
56:
34:
16:
Objects used for divination in the early Abrahamic religions
1660:
1529:
1294:
1159:
has been used for several university mottoes. For example,
1074:, said that he used interpreters in order to translate the
831:
618:
613:
on how to adorn his breastplate worn in the holy place; in
1842:. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 56.
648:
meaning "lights"; these derivations are reflected in the
1316:: obtaining supernatural knowledge by means of an object
2089:
733:
were used to answer the question "innocent or guilty".
644:) traditionally has been taken to derive from a
1438:
American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
929:
explains that the High Priest would stand facing the
694:) is widely considered to be derived from the
870:
portrays the Urim and Thummim as being put into the
851:
and versions that cleromancy was involved, and that
1379:
was originally derived from the Tablets of Destiny.
1285:: the drawing of lots for the purpose of divination
1303:: person or object used to obtain information via
2121:"The symbol of Urim and Thummim in The Alchemist"
2002:"Joseph Smith Documents Dating through June 1831"
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
684:to the roots ืืจื "to teach" and ืืืึทื "be true".
2352:
2194:Mormon views of Urim and Thummim and Seer Stones
1297:: polyhedral objects used to randomize decisions
1291:: ascertaining information by supernatural means
1488:, ed. Cheyne & Black, vol. IV (QโZ), cols.
587:, "perfection" or "truth") are elements of the
2143:
1411:
2238:
1808:. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
705:) "innocent". Many scholars now believe that
528:
2366:Hebrew words and phrases in the Hebrew Bible
1963:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 199.
1052:
265:Leftovers from the suspensive guilt offering
1631:
1400:
326:Ten gifts given (even) outside of Jerusalem
19:"Urim" redirects here. For other uses, see
2245:
2231:
1475:
1473:
1471:
994:joined David, who was then in the cave of
859:were the names of the objects being cast.
535:
521:
372:The property of the foreigner with no heir
1518:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1202:Award-winning participatory drama series
355:Coins for redemption of the firstborn son
1824:
1790:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1268: (2007), a documentary directed by
1127:
1097:, including some of the sections of the
846:would indicate Saul and Jonathan, while
793:
713:) simply derives from the Hebrew
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1015:Jerusalem was sacked by the Babylonians
862:The description of the clothing of the
2353:
1996:
1994:
1958:
1934:
1627:
1625:
1604:
1448:
1320:
2252:
2226:
2018:
1495:
1151:translates to "Light and Truth", the
1123:
1103:Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible
1609:ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืงืืฉ ืืืขืืืืื ืื ืค"ื ืื"ื
1387:
1059:Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints)
1017:. In a passage from the part of the
802:. The breastplate projects the word
789:
774:are hypothesized to derive from the
466:The mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen
369:Field not redeemed in a Jubilee year
337:Heave offering of the Levite's tithe
102:The Torah instruction of the Kohanim
2180:Urim and Thummim in recent research
1991:
1939:ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืงืืฉ ืืืขืืืืื ืื ืค"ื ื"ื
1622:
1147:In accordance with the belief that
874:, worn by the high priest over the
632:
609:28:30 through God's instruction to
578:
560:
501:Contact by a kohen with a dead body
268:Oil from the offering for the leper
13:
365:Dedication of property to a priest
14:
2387:
2173:
1762:Sanhedrin 19b (Jerusalem Talmud).
1672:Yoma 44c in the Jerusalem Talmud.
1266:The Object โ The Urim and Thummim
1259:The Revenge of the Wizardโs Ghost
1233:and used to communicate with God.
961:
245:The ten gifts given in the Temple
2144:O'Driscoll, Bill (7 June 2007).
1936:
1902:"Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin 41b"
1818:
1784:
1606:
1523:
44:
2137:
2113:
2065:
2056:
2044:
2012:
1967:
1952:
1928:
1912:
1894:
1876:
1859:
1846:
1812:
1778:
1765:
1756:
1753:Shebbit 33d (Jerusalem Talmud).
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1687:
1675:
1666:
1654:
1642:
923:classical rabbinical literature
910:essentially means "guilty" and
491:Bat-Kohen (daughter of a kohen)
89:Redemption of the firstborn son
62:Presumption of priestly descent
29:Part of a series of articles on
1598:
1587:
1578:
1563:
1445:), Vol. XVI, No. 4, July 1900.
1327:
1063:Seer stone (Latter Day Saints)
1041:Maimonides states that in the
842:version, however, states that
593:, the breastplate worn by the
1:
986:the sacred Lots were used by
740:connected the singular formsโ
292:Four gifts given in Jerusalem
2101:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
2073:"Doctrine and Covenants 130"
1735:Yoma 41b (Jerusalem Talmud).
1185:Yale University coat of arms
1133:Yale University coat of arms
949:, following the belief that
285:Leftovers of the First Sheaf
7:
2376:Objects used for divination
2077:www.churchofjesuschrist.org
1979:www.churchofjesuschrist.org
1638:. No. 356. p. 24.
1276:
1191:appears below on a banner.
782:on his breast according to
346:First shearing of the sheep
10:
2392:
2208:Commentary on Exodus 28:30
2199:Commentary on Exodus 28:30
1179:("Light, Truth, Virtue").
1056:
240:Twenty-four priestly gifts
216:Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen
18:
2371:Jewish religious clothing
2260:
2097:"How Hebrew Came to Yale"
1404:A commentary on the Bible
1355:was said to have put his
1219:In the television series
1072:Latter Day Saint movement
1053:Latter Day Saint movement
803:
721:) "curses" and thus that
714:
710:
698:
691:
641:
579:
561:
471:Kohanic disqualifications
97:(skin disease and mildew)
1975:"Joseph SmithโHistory 1"
1944:(in Hebrew) – via
1614:(in Hebrew) – via
1095:other divine revelations
1021:which overlaps with the
2006:The Joseph Smith Papers
1854:Antiquities of the Jews
1839:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1805:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1556:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1173:Northeastern University
966:The first reference to
954:were 22 letters in the
350:Foreleg, cheeks and maw
271:Bread from First Fruits
259:Communal peace offering
2310:Priestly undergarments
1836:; et al. (eds.).
1802:; et al. (eds.).
1773:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1649:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1553:; et al. (eds.).
1482:, "Urim and Thummim",
1205:The Truth About Marika
1187:, and the translation
1144:
1099:Doctrine and Covenants
815:
360:Redemption of a donkey
206:Joshua the High Priest
2151:Pittsburgh City Paper
1959:Morgan, Dale (2014).
1169:University of Montana
1131:
797:
117:Beth din shel Kohanim
35:Priesthood in Judaism
21:Urim (disambiguation)
2361:Hebrew Bible objects
2285:Priestly breastplate
2185:The Urim and Thummim
1744:Shebbit 2โ3 and 16a.
1535:Muss-Arnolt, William
1485:Encyclopedia Biblica
1257:โ young adult novel
1177:Lux, Veritas, Virtus
1101:and portions of the
1034:beyond the death of
1032:deuteronomic history
1027:Babylonian captivity
668:, in the writing of
569:, "lights") and the
459:Miscellaneous topics
1574:The Bible Unearthed
1429:William Muss-Arnolt
1321:Notes and citations
1231:Temple in Jerusalem
1000:Jewish Encyclopedia
980:Temple in Jerusalem
941:rabbis argued that
931:Ark of the Covenant
784:Babylonian religion
763:pluralis intensivus
738:William Muss-Arnolt
226:Phannias ben Samuel
2320:Priestly divisions
2280:Holy anointing oil
1570:Israel Finkelstein
1547:"Urim and Thummim"
1480:George Foote Moore
1348:Tablets of Destiny
1343:Tablets of Destiny
1200:International Emmy
1165:Indiana University
1145:
1124:In popular culture
1118:Book of Revelation
872:sacred breastplate
864:Hebrew high priest
816:
776:Tablets of Destiny
656:. In consequence,
476:Holy anointing oil
122:Priestly divisions
2348:
2347:
2340:Priestly covenant
2254:Jewish priesthood
2189:Reb Chaim HaQoton
2158:on 13 August 2007
1111:Latter Day Saints
1070:, founder of the
1047:Abraham ben David
893:attribute to the
823:biblical scholars
790:Form and function
545:
544:
506:13 Kohanic cities
384:Priestly garments
279:Leftovers of the
262:Fowl sin offering
84:Priestly Blessing
69:Priestly covenant
2383:
2335:Urim and Thummim
2325:Shemen Afarsimon
2247:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2154:. Archived from
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2020:Smith, Lucy Mack
2016:
2010:
2009:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1932:
1926:
1921:, which is also
1916:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1880:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1775:on Exodus 28:30.
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1651:on Exodus 28:30.
1646:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1602:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1493:
1477:
1446:
1426:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1380:
1338:Urim and Thummim
1331:
1181:Urim and Thummim
1163:is the motto of
1149:Urim and Thummim
1137:Urim and Thummim
1023:Book of Nehemiah
968:Urim and Thummim
943:Urim and Thummim
903:Urim and Thummim
891:textual scholars
805:
723:Urim and Thummim
716:
712:
700:
696:consonantal root
693:
658:Urim and Thummim
643:
633:Name and meaning
597:attached to the
583:
581:
565:
563:
537:
530:
523:
446:Urim and Thummim
298:Firstborn animal
221:Joshua ben Gamla
112:Incense offering
48:
43:
26:
25:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2315:Priestly turban
2256:
2251:
2176:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2029:
2027:
2017:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1957:
1953:
1933:
1929:
1917:
1913:
1906:www.sefaria.org
1900:
1899:
1895:
1888:www.sefaria.org
1882:
1881:
1877:
1864:
1860:
1856:(volume 3) 8:9.
1851:
1847:
1834:Singer, Isidore
1826:Ginzberg, Louis
1819:
1817:
1813:
1800:Singer, Isidore
1792:Ginzberg, Louis
1785:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1630:
1623:
1603:
1599:
1594:Exodus 28:13โ30
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1568:
1564:
1551:Singer, Isidore
1539:Bacher, Wilhelm
1531:Hirsch, Emil G.
1524:
1521:
1496:
1478:
1449:
1427:
1412:
1399:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1334:1 Samuel 28:3โ6
1332:
1328:
1323:
1279:
1143:on an open book
1126:
1084:Lucy Mack Smith
1065:
1057:Main articles:
1055:
964:
956:Hebrew alphabet
895:priestly source
830:, it describes
821:is regarded by
792:
635:
541:
512:
511:
510:
460:
452:
451:
450:
416:
415:
385:
377:
376:
375:
324:
323:
290:
288:
247:
242:
232:
231:
230:
211:Simeon the Just
201:(Second Temple)
200:
199:
174:
173:
138:
128:
127:
126:
78:
67:
66:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2330:Priestly crown
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Priestly tunic
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2212:Cyrus Scofield
2205:
2196:
2191:
2182:
2175:
2174:External links
2172:
2170:
2169:
2136:
2112:
2088:
2064:
2055:
2043:
2011:
1990:
1966:
1951:
1927:
1911:
1893:
1875:
1858:
1845:
1811:
1777:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1726:Sanhedrin 16a.
1719:
1707:
1695:
1686:
1684:, Numbers 141.
1674:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1621:
1597:
1586:
1584:1 Samuel 14:37
1577:
1562:
1494:
1447:
1410:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1238:Paulo Coelho's
1234:
1217:
1189:Lux et Veritas
1161:Lux et Veritas
1157:Lux et Veritas
1141:Hebrew letters
1125:
1122:
1107:Oliver Cowdery
1076:Book of Mormon
1054:
1051:
963:
962:History of use
960:
880:1 Samuel 10:22
868:Book of Exodus
828:Masoretic Text
819:1 Samuel 14:41
791:
788:
736:Assyriologist
654:Masoretic Text
634:
631:
543:
542:
540:
539:
532:
525:
517:
514:
513:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
422:
414:
413:
408:
403:
398:
392:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
374:
373:
370:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
344:
342:Dough offering
339:
334:
332:Heave offering
328:
322:
321:
314:thank offering
310:
308:Burnt offering
305:
300:
294:
287:
286:
283:
277:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:Guilt offering
254:
248:
243:
238:
237:
234:
233:
229:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
202:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
176:
175:(First Temple)
172:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
140:
139:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
91:
86:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:
65:
64:
59:
53:
50:
49:
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2388:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Priestly robe
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Priestly sash
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2039:, 1: 328โ329.
2038:
2035:It ; also at
2025:
2021:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1924:
1923:Nehemiah 7:65
1920:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1781:
1774:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1255:John Bellairs
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1243:The Alchemist
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1214:The company P
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:. Similarly,
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:golden plates
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:Second Temple
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
972:Book of Hosea
969:
959:
957:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
921:According to
919:
917:
913:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
884:2 Samuel 5:23
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
820:
813:
809:
801:
796:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
708:
704:
697:
689:
685:
683:
679:
675:
672:, and in the
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
639:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:Old Testament
600:
596:
592:
591:
586:
576:
572:
568:
558:
554:
550:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
519:
518:
516:
515:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:Sons of Zadok
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
456:
455:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
421:
420:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Undergarments
394:
393:
391:
390:
381:
380:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
327:
319:
315:
312:Parts of the
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
284:
282:
281:meal offering
278:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:
241:
236:
235:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
137:
132:
131:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
96:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
74:
73:
70:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
52:
51:
47:
40:
39:
36:
33:
32:
28:
27:
22:
2334:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:the original
2149:
2139:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:
2091:
2080:. Retrieved
2076:
2067:
2058:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2028:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1938:
1935:Maimonides.
1930:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1884:"Yoma 21b:7"
1878:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1837:
1814:
1803:
1780:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1710:
1703:Exodus 28:30
1698:
1689:
1677:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1635:Ami Magazine
1633:
1608:
1605:Maimonides.
1600:
1589:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1554:
1543:Blau, Ludwig
1483:
1442:
1441:(continuing
1436:
1403:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1309:clairvoyance
1265:
1258:
1241:
1220:
1203:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1175:'s motto is
1160:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1136:
1115:
1092:
1068:Joseph Smith
1066:
1040:
1019:Book of Ezra
1004:
999:
967:
965:
950:
942:
920:
911:
907:
902:
898:
888:
861:
856:
852:
847:
843:
817:
807:
771:
767:
761:
757:
753:
745:
741:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
706:
702:
687:
686:
681:
677:
657:
637:
636:
588:
584:
570:
566:
552:
549:Hebrew Bible
546:
445:
417:
387:
325:
303:First fruits
291:
252:Sin offering
244:
136:High Priests
94:
2295:High Priest
2203:John Wesley
1270:Jacob Young
1248:Melchizedek
1240:1988 novel
1227:High Priest
1155:equivalent
935:Holy Spirit
595:High Priest
486:Aaron's rod
441:Breastplate
419:High Priest
389:All Priests
320:'s offering
2355:Categories
2130:2020-01-28
2106:2018-04-16
2082:2024-02-15
2030:2006-02-02
1984:2023-10-28
1946:Wikisource
1852:Josephus,
1830:"Abiathar"
1616:Wikisource
1289:Divination
1283:Cleromancy
1088:Emma Smith
927:Maimonides
840:Septuagint
800:Jan Luyken
750:Babylonian
748:โwith the
670:St. Jerome
662:Theodotion
627:cleromancy
2300:Sacrifice
2125:LitCharts
2051:Section 9
1919:Ezra 2:63
1715:Hosea 3:4
1693:Yoma 73b.
1490:5235โ5237
1369:Canaanite
1139:shown in
1078:from the
1011:Maccabees
1005:Although
976:Jerusalem
806: (
717: (
701: (
619:King Saul
617:14:41 by
275:Showbread
164:Ahimelech
107:Sacrifice
2162:29 April
2022:(1853).
1828:(1901).
1794:(1901).
1771:Yoma 7;
1545:(1906).
1443:Hebraica
1305:prophecy
1277:See also
1167:and the
1007:Josephus
992:Abiathar
947:Josephus
939:Talmudic
899:put into
836:Jonathan
778:worn by
715:ืึผืจึผืจึดืื
650:Neqqudot
615:1 Samuel
580:ืชึปึผืึดึผืื
436:Frontlet
318:Nazirite
195:Jehoiada
169:Abiathar
154:Phinehas
95:Tzaraath
1796:"Achan"
1492:(1903).
1377:Thummim
1365:Thummim
1314:Scrying
1229:of the
1135:, with
1105:. Only
996:Adullam
978:or the
912:Thummim
866:in the
857:Thummim
848:Thummim
812:emerald
808:barakat
772:Thummim
731:Thummim
711:ืืึผืจึดืื
692:ืชืึผืึดืื
688:Thummim
682:Thummim
674:Hexapla
666:Vulgate
652:of the
642:ืืึผืจึดืื
582:
571:Thummim
564:
562:ืืึผืจึดืื
547:In the
190:Hilkiah
185:Shallum
149:Eleazar
1941:
1865:Sotah
1823:
1789:
1663:73a-b.
1611:
1528:
1353:Marduk
1301:Oracle
988:Joshua
916:ordeal
780:Marduk
758:tamฤซtu
752:terms
623:Ezra 2
607:Exodus
590:hoshen
585:Tummฤซm
575:Hebrew
557:Hebrew
551:, the
406:Turban
42:
2275:Ephod
2265:Kohen
1871:48a-b
1832:. In
1798:. In
1682:Sifre
1549:. In
1153:Latin
1036:David
984:Achan
876:Ephod
719:Arrim
703:t-m-m
699:ืช.ื.ื
611:Aaron
605:, in
599:ephod
567:สพลชrฤซm
481:Kahen
431:Ephod
401:Tunic
180:Zadok
144:Aaron
77:Roles
57:Kohen
2164:2010
1869:and
1867:9:12
1661:Yoma
1375:and
1373:Urim
1363:and
1361:Urim
1357:seal
1295:Dice
1212:and
1061:and
951:Urim
908:Urim
882:and
855:and
853:Urim
844:Urim
834:and
832:Saul
804:ืืจืงืช
770:and
768:Urim
756:and
754:ลซrtu
746:tumm
744:and
729:and
727:Urim
707:Urim
680:and
678:Urim
646:root
638:Urim
553:Urim
426:Robe
411:Sash
316:and
2210:by
2201:by
2187:by
2037:EMD
1435:",
1431:, "
1307:or
1264:In
1253:In
1236:In
1222:Dig
1210:SVT
1208:by
814:").
810:, "
159:Eli
2357::
2148:.
2123:.
2099:.
2075:.
2033:.
2004:.
1993:^
1977:.
1904:.
1886:.
1624:^
1572:,
1541:;
1537:;
1533:;
1497:^
1450:^
1413:^
1389:^
1120:.
990:.
786:.
742:ur
577::
559::
2246:e
2239:t
2232:v
2166:.
2133:.
2109:.
2085:.
2053:.
2008:.
1987:.
1948:.
1925:.
1908:.
1890:.
1873:.
1717:.
1705:.
1618:.
1522:'
1216:.
709:(
690:(
640:(
573:(
555:(
536:e
529:t
522:v
289:.
23:.
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