806:
1140:
1093:. In early accounts, Smith described the interpreters as "spectacles", described as two transparent stones set in silver bows. The earliest association of the spectacles with the biblical term "Urim and Thummim" occurred in 1833 and Smith appears to have adopted the term in subsequent descriptions. The Urim and Thummim were said to have been found with the golden plates, a breastplate (to which the silver bows were attached in some descriptions), and the Sword of Laban. Smith's mother,
993:; however, these rabbinical sources questioned, or at least tried to justify, why Urim and Thummim would be required when a prophet was also present. The classical rabbinical writers argued that the Urim and Thummim were only permitted to be consulted by very prominent figures such as army generals, the most senior of court figures, and kings, and the only questions which could be raised were those which were asked for the benefit of the people as a whole. To uncover the sin of
889:. Where the biblical text elsewhere describes an Ephod being used, scholars presume that it is referring to use of the Urim and Thummim in conjunction with the Ephod, as this seems to be intimately connected with it; similarly where non-prophets are portrayed as asking God for guidance, and the advice is not described as given by visions, scholars think that Urim and Thummim were the medium implied. In all but two cases (
57:
985:, where it is implied, by reference to the Ephod, that the Urim and Thummim were fundamental elements in the popular form of the Israelite religion, in the mid 8th century BC. Consulting the Urim and Thummim was said to be permitted for determining territorial boundaries, and was said to be required, in addition to permission from the king or a prophet, if there was an intention to expand
1831:
1797:
1536:
1009:(1 Sam. 22:20โ23, 23:6). He remained with David, and became priest of the party of which he was the leader (1 Sam. 30:7). When David ascended the throne of Judah, Abiathar was appointed High Priest (1 Chr. 15:11; 1 Kings 2:26) and the "king's counselor" (1 Chr. 27:33โ34). Meanwhile, Zadok, of the house of Eleazar, had been made High Priest. According to the
964:
meant "lights", argued that the rituals involving Urim and
Thummim involved questions being answered by great rays of light shining out of certain jewels on the breastplate; each jewel was taken to represent different letters, and the sequence of lighting thus would spell out an answer (though there
861:
would indicate the people. In the
Septuagint, a previous verse uses a phrase which is usually translated as "inquired of God", which is significant as the grammatical form of the Hebrew implies that the inquiry was performed by objects being manipulated; scholars view it as evident from these verses
1040:
had ended, that they were descended from the priesthood before the captivity began, were required to wait until priests in possession of Urim and
Thummim were discovered; this would appear to confirm the statements in the Talmud that the Urim and Thummim had by then been lost. Indeed, since the
897:), the question is one which is effectively answered by a simple "yes" or "no"; a number of scholars believe that the two exceptions to this pattern, which give more complex answers, were originally also just sequences of "yes" or "no" questions, but became corrupted by later editing.
936:, in order for the Urim and Thummim to give an answer, it was first necessary for the individual to stand facing the fully dressed high priest, and vocalise the question briefly and in a simple way, though it was not necessary for it to be loud enough for anyone else to hear it.
916:
was a single object) was chosen by touch and withdrawn or thrown out; since the Urim and
Thummim were put inside this pouch, they were presumably small and fairly flat, and were possibly tablets of wood or of bone. Considering the scholars' conclusion that
1097:, described these Urim and Thummim as being like "two smooth three-cornered diamonds." Smith and others also referred to individual seer stones also associated with Smith's dictation of the Book of Mormon as Urim and Thummim, although his wife,
1618:
836:
as key to understanding the Urim and
Thummim; the passage describes an attempt to identify a sinner by repeatedly splitting the people into two groups and identifying which group contains the sinner. In the version of this passage in the
1948:
1361:
had to rest on the breast of deities mediating between the other gods and mankind in order to function, while the Urim and
Thummim had to rest within the breastplate of the priest mediating between God and mankind.
969:, and only 12 jewels on the breastplate); two Talmudic rabbis, however, argued that the jewels themselves moved in a way that made them stand out from the rest, or even moved themselves into groups to form words.
1041:
priestly source, which textual scholars date to a couple of centuries prior to the captivity, does not appear to know what the Urim and
Thummim looked like, and there is no mention of the Urim and Thummim in the
640:(with divination by casting lots), although it is equally likely no casting was physically done, and the participants of Lights and Perfection waited for a sign to answer a question or reveal the will of God.
1382:
society, not as an invading force from outside, and therefore it would be natural for them to have used similar religious practices to other
Semitic nations; such scholars suspect that the concept of
2073:
Spencer, Stan. "Seers and Stones: The
Translation of the Book of Mormon as Divine Visions of an Old-Time Seer" Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship 24 (2017): 27-98
981:
in the Bible is the description in the Book of Exodus concerning the high priest's vestments; the chronologically earliest passage mentioning them, according to textual scholars, is in the
900:
There is no description of the form of the Urim and
Thummim in the passage describing the high priest's vestments, and a number of scholars believe that the author of the passage, which
2248:
2204:
2227:
636:
to determine whether those who claimed to be the descendants of the priests of Israel were truly of that class. The Urim and Thummim are sometimes connected by scholars with
1370:
on the Tablets of Destiny, while the Israelite breastplate had a jewelled stone upon it for each of the Israelite tribes, which may derive from the same principle. Like the
805:
1378:, the Tablets of Destiny came into use when the fate of king and nation was concerned. According to some archaeologists, the Israelites emerged as a subculture from within
1283:, "The story of a musician's fascinating discovery of an ancient relic, as he attempts to seek its mysterious significance and share the artifact with the world."
1127:
Smith extended the use of the term "Urim and Thummim" to describe the dwelling place of God, the earth in a future state, and the white stone mentioned in the
1049:, scholars suspect that use of them decayed some time before the Babylonian conquest, probably as a result of the growing influence of prophets at that time.
2376:
1448:
912:
the breastplate, which scholars think implies they were objects put into some sort of pouch within it, and then, while out of view, one (or one side, if the
1056:
the Urim and Thummim actually existed but no longer functioned in the practical sense since the priests no longer possessed the Holy Spirit. Rabbi
675:, for example), or, by taking the phrase allegorically, as meaning "revelation and truth" or "doctrine and truth." It appears in this form in the
2156:
545:
2255:
511:
1209:
Urim and Thummim were the names given to two objects of mystical technology in the Prosopopeia transmedia series, culminating in the
1013:
Abiathar was deposed from office when he was deserted by the Holy Spirit without which the Urim and Thummin could not be consulted.
929:
to confirm or refute suspected guilt; if the Urim was selected it meant guilt, while selection of the Thummim would mean innocence.
2061:
2012:
1351:; the first two of these are also mentioned copiously in Assyrian and Babylonian literature, and such literature also mentions
2218:
1113:
2386:
1069:
476:
112:
2381:
829:
786:
736:
essentially means "cursed or faultless", in reference to the deity's judgment of an accused person; in other words,
538:
908:, was not actually entirely aware of what they were either. Nevertheless, the passage does describe them as being
72:
2230:
at westvilleshul.org, by Beth Hamedrosh Hagodol โ B'nai Israel, the Westville Synagogue, New Haven, Connecticut
2083:
1105:
1073:
1024:, Talmudic sources are unanimous in agreeing that the Urim and Thummim stopped functioning much earlier, when
2371:
2209:
1500:
1195:
1143:
2157:"A man's obsession with a 'sacred' object is the latest focus for 'Dancing Outlaw' filmmaker Jacob Young"
1344:
1280:
948:
would immediately overcome the Priest and he would see the letters protruding in a prophetic vision. The
777:
to enhance their apparent majesty, not to indicate the presence of more than one. Along these lines, the
531:
890:
2340:
2241:
2131:
1604:
1272:, the two main characters go in search of the Urim and Thummim, imagined as stones with healing powers.
894:
446:
250:
226:
1985:
2166:
1933:
1082:
481:
1713:
1557:
1124:
believe that Smith's Urim and Thummim were functionally identical to the biblical Urim and Thummim.
944:
with the inquirer behind him, facing the Priest's back. After the inquirer asked his question, the
318:
2315:
2195:
1929:
1849:
1815:
1725:
1566:
1183:
994:
436:
360:
17:
771:, meaning "oracle" and "command", respectively. According to his theory, the Hebrew words use a
2320:
1783:
1659:
1418:. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London, England: T. C. & E. C. Jack. p. 191.
1215:
1109:
945:
925:
essentially means "innocent", this would imply that the purpose of the Urim and Thummim was an
406:
216:
2107:
2305:
2161:
2035:"Biographical sketches of Joseph Smith the prophet, and his progenitors for many generations"
1253:
1237:
1179:
874:
773:
429:
375:
169:
146:
127:
31:
2295:
1912:
1495:
1060:
disagrees and maintains that during that era, the Urim and Thummim were completely absent.
1042:
1037:
1025:
882:
600:
451:
1840:
8:
1545:
1439:
1241:
1220:
990:
941:
933:
794:
748:
308:
236:
1101:, in her later accounts distinguished between the seer stones and the Urim and Thummim.
2330:
2290:
1806:
1580:
1490:
1353:
1210:
1175:
1128:
846:
833:
656:
486:
342:
132:
104:
2034:
1261:
gives to Santiago, with their colors representing โyesโ and โnoโ answers to questions.
2350:
1236:, the breastplate that is a part of the mystery is said to be the breastplate of the
1057:
901:
760:
516:
94:
79:
1413:
313:
2335:
1121:
1033:
849:
being separated from the rest of the people, and lots being cast between them; the
347:
231:
122:
2190:
2325:
2030:
1347:
mentions three methods of divine communication – dreams, prophets, and the
1232:
1151:
1094:
966:
926:
905:
625:
585:
567:
416:
221:
2300:
2222:
1844:
1836:
1810:
1802:
1561:
1549:
1541:
1444:
The Urim and Thummim: A Suggestion as to their Original Nature and Significance
1117:
1086:
956:
were words written on the sacred breastplate. Most of the Talmudic rabbis, and
878:
838:
687:. The latter use was defended in modern Catholic interpretations by connecting
664:
617:
496:
411:
352:
324:
2365:
2280:
1881:
1877:
1367:
1265:
1224:
1120:
is claimed to have attempted to use them to receive his own revelation. Many
1090:
1053:
982:
613:
506:
421:
370:
291:
1643:
Frankfurter, Yitzchok (Feb 21, 2018). "The Uniqueness of the Urim V'tumim".
1020:
argues that the Urim and Thummim continued to function until the era of the
1645:
1319:
1248:
1139:
1078:
1029:
706:
559:
365:
262:
99:
2228:
The Urim V'tumim: The History of Yale's Insignia and Jewish Thought Today
2213:
1553:
1258:
605:
56:
1104:
Smith also said he used the Urim and Thummim to assist him in receiving
1956:
1626:
1299:
1293:
1098:
1036:, it is mentioned that individuals who were unable to prove, after the
937:
850:
810:
672:
637:
1443:
1894:
1021:
986:
501:
285:
174:
2233:
1194:
itself is emblazoned in Hebrew across the open book pictured on the
2199:
2037:. Brigham Young University Religious Education Archive. p. 101
1315:
1257:, Urim and Thummim are black and white fortune-telling stones that
1017:
1002:
957:
328:
205:
179:
164:
1412:
Peake, Arthur S. (Arthur Samuel); Grieve, Alexander James (1920).
671:
has traditionally been translated as "lights and perfections" (by
612:, a type of apron or garment. The pair are used frequently in the
1324:
1006:
822:
684:
676:
200:
195:
159:
1205:
The Urim and Thummim are also mentioned in some modern fiction:
632:
to determine who was at fault for breaking the army's fast; and
2310:
1570:. Vol. 12. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 384โ385.
1379:
1363:
1311:
998:
949:
790:
680:
660:
633:
117:
1972:
Dale Morgan on the Mormons: Collected Works, Part 2, 1949โ1970
1357:, which are similar in some ways to the Urim and Thummim. The
2285:
2275:
2264:
1692:
1163:
1046:
886:
809:"God speaks through the Urim and Thummim," 1705 engraving by
621:
609:
491:
441:
399:
190:
154:
67:
45:
27:
Objects used for divination in the early Abrahamic religions
1671:
1540:
1305:
1170:
has been used for several university mottoes. For example,
1085:, said that he used interpreters in order to translate the
842:
629:
624:
on how to adorn his breastplate worn in the holy place; in
1853:. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 56.
659:
meaning "lights"; these derivations are reflected in the
1327:: obtaining supernatural knowledge by means of an object
2100:
744:
were used to answer the question "innocent or guilty".
655:) traditionally has been taken to derive from a
1449:
American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
940:
explains that the High Priest would stand facing the
705:) is widely considered to be derived from the
881:
portrays the Urim and Thummim as being put into the
862:
and versions that cleromancy was involved, and that
1390:
was originally derived from the Tablets of Destiny.
1296:: the drawing of lots for the purpose of divination
1314:: person or object used to obtain information via
2132:"The symbol of Urim and Thummim in The Alchemist"
2013:"Joseph Smith Documents Dating through June 1831"
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
695:to the roots ืืจื "to teach" and ืืืึทื "be true".
2363:
2205:Mormon views of Urim and Thummim and Seer Stones
1308:: polyhedral objects used to randomize decisions
1302:: ascertaining information by supernatural means
1499:, ed. Cheyne & Black, vol. IV (QโZ), cols.
598:, "perfection" or "truth") are elements of the
2154:
1422:
2249:
1819:. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
716:) "innocent". Many scholars now believe that
539:
2377:Hebrew words and phrases in the Hebrew Bible
1974:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 199.
1063:
276:Leftovers from the suspensive guilt offering
1642:
1411:
337:Ten gifts given (even) outside of Jerusalem
30:"Urim" redirects here. For other uses, see
2256:
2242:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1005:joined David, who was then in the cave of
870:were the names of the objects being cast.
546:
532:
383:The property of the foreigner with no heir
1529:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1213:Award-winning participatory drama series
366:Coins for redemption of the firstborn son
1835:
1801:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1279: (2007), a documentary directed by
1138:
1108:, including some of the sections of the
857:would indicate Saul and Jonathan, while
804:
724:) simply derives from the Hebrew
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1026:Jerusalem was sacked by the Babylonians
873:The description of the clothing of the
14:
2364:
2007:
2005:
1969:
1945:
1638:
1636:
1615:
1459:
1331:
2263:
2237:
2029:
1506:
1162:translates to "Light and Truth", the
1134:
1114:Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible
1620:ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืงืืฉ ืืืขืืืืื ืื ืค"ื ืื"ื
1398:
1070:Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints)
1028:. In a passage from the part of the
813:. The breastplate projects the word
800:
785:are hypothesized to derive from the
477:The mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen
380:Field not redeemed in a Jubilee year
348:Heave offering of the Levite's tithe
113:The Torah instruction of the Kohanim
2191:Urim and Thummim in recent research
2002:
1950:ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืงืืฉ ืืืขืืืืื ืื ืค"ื ื"ื
1633:
1158:In accordance with the belief that
885:, worn by the high priest over the
643:
620:28:30 through God's instruction to
589:
571:
512:Contact by a kohen with a dead body
279:Oil from the offering for the leper
24:
376:Dedication of property to a priest
25:
2398:
2184:
1773:Sanhedrin 19b (Jerusalem Talmud).
1683:Yoma 44c in the Jerusalem Talmud.
1277:The Object โ The Urim and Thummim
1270:The Revenge of the Wizardโs Ghost
1244:and used to communicate with God.
972:
256:The ten gifts given in the Temple
2155:O'Driscoll, Bill (7 June 2007).
1947:
1913:"Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin 41b"
1829:
1795:
1617:
1534:
55:
2148:
2124:
2076:
2067:
2055:
2023:
1978:
1963:
1939:
1923:
1905:
1887:
1870:
1857:
1823:
1789:
1776:
1767:
1764:Shebbit 33d (Jerusalem Talmud).
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1698:
1686:
1677:
1665:
1653:
934:classical rabbinical literature
921:essentially means "guilty" and
502:Bat-Kohen (daughter of a kohen)
100:Redemption of the firstborn son
73:Presumption of priestly descent
40:Part of a series of articles on
1609:
1598:
1589:
1574:
1456:), Vol. XVI, No. 4, July 1900.
1338:
1074:Seer stone (Latter Day Saints)
1052:Maimonides states that in the
853:version, however, states that
604:, the breastplate worn by the
13:
1:
997:the sacred Lots were used by
751:connected the singular formsโ
303:Four gifts given in Jerusalem
2112:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
2084:"Doctrine and Covenants 130"
1746:Yoma 41b (Jerusalem Talmud).
1196:Yale University coat of arms
1144:Yale University coat of arms
960:, following the belief that
296:Leftovers of the First Sheaf
7:
2387:Objects used for divination
2088:www.churchofjesuschrist.org
1990:www.churchofjesuschrist.org
1649:. No. 356. p. 24.
1287:
1202:appears below on a banner.
793:on his breast according to
357:First shearing of the sheep
10:
2403:
2219:Commentary on Exodus 28:30
2210:Commentary on Exodus 28:30
1190:("Light, Truth, Virtue").
1067:
251:Twenty-four priestly gifts
227:Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen
29:
2382:Jewish religious clothing
2271:
2108:"How Hebrew Came to Yale"
1415:A commentary on the Bible
1366:was said to have put his
1230:In the television series
1083:Latter Day Saint movement
1064:Latter Day Saint movement
814:
732:) "curses" and thus that
725:
721:
709:
702:
652:
590:
572:
482:Kohanic disqualifications
108:(skin disease and mildew)
1986:"Joseph SmithโHistory 1"
1955:(in Hebrew) – via
1625:(in Hebrew) – via
1106:other divine revelations
1032:which overlaps with the
2017:The Joseph Smith Papers
1865:Antiquities of the Jews
1850:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1816:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1567:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1184:Northeastern University
977:The first reference to
965:were 22 letters in the
361:Foreleg, cheeks and maw
282:Bread from First Fruits
270:Communal peace offering
2321:Priestly undergarments
1847:; et al. (eds.).
1813:; et al. (eds.).
1784:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1660:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1564:; et al. (eds.).
1493:, "Urim and Thummim",
1216:The Truth About Marika
1198:, and the translation
1155:
1110:Doctrine and Covenants
826:
371:Redemption of a donkey
217:Joshua the High Priest
2162:Pittsburgh City Paper
1970:Morgan, Dale (2014).
1180:University of Montana
1142:
808:
128:Beth din shel Kohanim
46:Priesthood in Judaism
32:Urim (disambiguation)
2372:Hebrew Bible objects
2296:Priestly breastplate
2196:The Urim and Thummim
1755:Shebbit 2โ3 and 16a.
1546:Muss-Arnolt, William
1496:Encyclopedia Biblica
1268:โ young adult novel
1188:Lux, Veritas, Virtus
1112:and portions of the
1045:beyond the death of
1043:deuteronomic history
1038:Babylonian captivity
679:, in the writing of
580:, "lights") and the
470:Miscellaneous topics
1585:The Bible Unearthed
1440:William Muss-Arnolt
1332:Notes and citations
1242:Temple in Jerusalem
1011:Jewish Encyclopedia
991:Temple in Jerusalem
952:rabbis argued that
942:Ark of the Covenant
795:Babylonian religion
774:pluralis intensivus
749:William Muss-Arnolt
237:Phannias ben Samuel
2331:Priestly divisions
2291:Holy anointing oil
1581:Israel Finkelstein
1558:"Urim and Thummim"
1491:George Foote Moore
1359:Tablets of Destiny
1354:Tablets of Destiny
1211:International Emmy
1176:Indiana University
1156:
1135:In popular culture
1129:Book of Revelation
883:sacred breastplate
875:Hebrew high priest
827:
787:Tablets of Destiny
667:. In consequence,
487:Holy anointing oil
133:Priestly divisions
2359:
2358:
2351:Priestly covenant
2265:Jewish priesthood
2200:Reb Chaim HaQoton
2169:on 13 August 2007
1122:Latter Day Saints
1081:, founder of the
1058:Abraham ben David
904:attribute to the
834:biblical scholars
801:Form and function
556:
555:
517:13 Kohanic cities
395:Priestly garments
290:Leftovers of the
273:Fowl sin offering
95:Priestly Blessing
80:Priestly covenant
16:(Redirected from
2394:
2346:Urim and Thummim
2336:Shemen Afarsimon
2258:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2165:. Archived from
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2031:Smith, Lucy Mack
2027:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1943:
1937:
1932:, which is also
1927:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1891:
1885:
1874:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1786:on Exodus 28:30.
1780:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1662:on Exodus 28:30.
1657:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1613:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1504:
1488:
1457:
1437:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1391:
1349:Urim and Thummim
1342:
1192:Urim and Thummim
1174:is the motto of
1160:Urim and Thummim
1148:Urim and Thummim
1034:Book of Nehemiah
979:Urim and Thummim
954:Urim and Thummim
914:Urim and Thummim
902:textual scholars
816:
734:Urim and Thummim
727:
723:
711:
707:consonantal root
704:
669:Urim and Thummim
654:
644:Name and meaning
608:attached to the
594:
592:
576:
574:
548:
541:
534:
457:Urim and Thummim
309:Firstborn animal
232:Joshua ben Gamla
123:Incense offering
59:
54:
37:
36:
21:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2326:Priestly turban
2267:
2262:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2040:
2038:
2028:
2024:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1968:
1964:
1944:
1940:
1928:
1924:
1917:www.sefaria.org
1911:
1910:
1906:
1899:www.sefaria.org
1893:
1892:
1888:
1875:
1871:
1867:(volume 3) 8:9.
1862:
1858:
1845:Singer, Isidore
1837:Ginzberg, Louis
1830:
1828:
1824:
1811:Singer, Isidore
1803:Ginzberg, Louis
1796:
1794:
1790:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1641:
1634:
1614:
1610:
1605:Exodus 28:13โ30
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1579:
1575:
1562:Singer, Isidore
1550:Bacher, Wilhelm
1542:Hirsch, Emil G.
1535:
1532:
1507:
1489:
1460:
1438:
1423:
1410:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1345:1 Samuel 28:3โ6
1343:
1339:
1334:
1290:
1154:on an open book
1137:
1095:Lucy Mack Smith
1076:
1068:Main articles:
1066:
975:
967:Hebrew alphabet
906:priestly source
841:, it describes
832:is regarded by
803:
646:
552:
523:
522:
521:
471:
463:
462:
461:
427:
426:
396:
388:
387:
386:
335:
334:
301:
299:
258:
253:
243:
242:
241:
222:Simeon the Just
212:(Second Temple)
211:
210:
185:
184:
149:
139:
138:
137:
89:
78:
77:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2400:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2341:Priestly crown
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:Priestly tunic
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2223:Cyrus Scofield
2216:
2207:
2202:
2193:
2186:
2185:External links
2183:
2181:
2180:
2147:
2123:
2099:
2075:
2066:
2054:
2022:
2001:
1977:
1962:
1938:
1922:
1904:
1886:
1869:
1856:
1822:
1788:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1737:Sanhedrin 16a.
1730:
1718:
1706:
1697:
1695:, Numbers 141.
1685:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1632:
1608:
1597:
1595:1 Samuel 14:37
1588:
1573:
1505:
1458:
1421:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1249:Paulo Coelho's
1245:
1228:
1200:Lux et Veritas
1172:Lux et Veritas
1168:Lux et Veritas
1152:Hebrew letters
1136:
1133:
1118:Oliver Cowdery
1087:Book of Mormon
1065:
1062:
974:
973:History of use
971:
891:1 Samuel 10:22
879:Book of Exodus
839:Masoretic Text
830:1 Samuel 14:41
802:
799:
747:Assyriologist
665:Masoretic Text
645:
642:
554:
553:
551:
550:
543:
536:
528:
525:
524:
520:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
473:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
460:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
433:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
403:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
385:
384:
381:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
355:
353:Dough offering
350:
345:
343:Heave offering
339:
333:
332:
325:thank offering
321:
319:Burnt offering
316:
311:
305:
298:
297:
294:
288:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:Guilt offering
265:
259:
254:
249:
248:
245:
244:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
213:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
187:
186:(First Temple)
183:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
151:
150:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
102:
97:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
61:
60:
49:
48:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2399:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:Priestly robe
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Priestly sash
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2151:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2050:, 1: 328โ329.
2049:
2046:It ; also at
2036:
2032:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1935:
1934:Nehemiah 7:65
1931:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1680:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:John Bellairs
1263:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1254:The Alchemist
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1225:The company P
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1182:. Similarly,
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:golden plates
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:Second Temple
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:Book of Hosea
980:
970:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
932:According to
930:
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
895:2 Samuel 5:23
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
831:
824:
820:
812:
807:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
719:
715:
708:
700:
696:
694:
690:
686:
683:, and in the
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
650:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:Old Testament
611:
607:
603:
602:
597:
587:
583:
579:
569:
565:
561:
549:
544:
542:
537:
535:
530:
529:
527:
526:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:Sons of Zadok
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
467:
466:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
432:
431:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Undergarments
405:
404:
402:
401:
392:
391:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
338:
330:
326:
323:Parts of the
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
304:
295:
293:
292:meal offering
289:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
257:
252:
247:
246:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
148:
143:
142:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
107:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
85:
84:
81:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
63:
62:
58:
51:
50:
47:
44:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2345:
2171:. Retrieved
2167:the original
2160:
2150:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:
2126:
2115:. Retrieved
2111:
2102:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2078:
2069:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2039:. Retrieved
2025:
2016:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1949:
1946:Maimonides.
1941:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1895:"Yoma 21b:7"
1889:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1848:
1825:
1814:
1791:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1721:
1714:Exodus 28:30
1709:
1700:
1688:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1646:Ami Magazine
1644:
1619:
1616:Maimonides.
1611:
1600:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1565:
1554:Blau, Ludwig
1494:
1453:
1452:(continuing
1447:
1414:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1320:clairvoyance
1276:
1269:
1252:
1231:
1214:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1186:'s motto is
1171:
1167:
1159:
1157:
1147:
1126:
1103:
1079:Joseph Smith
1077:
1051:
1030:Book of Ezra
1015:
1010:
978:
976:
961:
953:
931:
922:
918:
913:
909:
899:
872:
867:
863:
858:
854:
828:
818:
782:
778:
772:
768:
764:
756:
752:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
717:
713:
698:
697:
692:
688:
668:
648:
647:
599:
595:
581:
577:
563:
560:Hebrew Bible
557:
456:
428:
398:
336:
314:First fruits
302:
263:Sin offering
255:
147:High Priests
105:
2306:High Priest
2214:John Wesley
1281:Jacob Young
1259:Melchizedek
1251:1988 novel
1238:High Priest
1166:equivalent
946:Holy Spirit
606:High Priest
497:Aaron's rod
452:Breastplate
430:High Priest
400:All Priests
331:'s offering
2366:Categories
2141:2020-01-28
2117:2018-04-16
2093:2024-02-15
2041:2006-02-02
1995:2023-10-28
1957:Wikisource
1863:Josephus,
1841:"Abiathar"
1627:Wikisource
1300:Divination
1294:Cleromancy
1099:Emma Smith
938:Maimonides
851:Septuagint
811:Jan Luyken
761:Babylonian
759:โwith the
681:St. Jerome
673:Theodotion
638:cleromancy
2311:Sacrifice
2136:LitCharts
2062:Section 9
1930:Ezra 2:63
1726:Hosea 3:4
1704:Yoma 73b.
1501:5235โ5237
1380:Canaanite
1150:shown in
1089:from the
1022:Maccabees
1016:Although
987:Jerusalem
817: (
728: (
712: (
630:King Saul
628:14:41 by
286:Showbread
175:Ahimelech
118:Sacrifice
2173:29 April
2033:(1853).
1839:(1901).
1805:(1901).
1782:Yoma 7;
1556:(1906).
1454:Hebraica
1316:prophecy
1288:See also
1178:and the
1018:Josephus
1003:Abiathar
958:Josephus
950:Talmudic
910:put into
847:Jonathan
789:worn by
726:ืึผืจึผืจึดืื
661:Neqqudot
626:1 Samuel
591:ืชึปึผืึดึผืื
447:Frontlet
329:Nazirite
206:Jehoiada
180:Abiathar
165:Phinehas
106:Tzaraath
1807:"Achan"
1503:(1903).
1388:Thummim
1376:Thummim
1325:Scrying
1240:of the
1146:, with
1116:. Only
1007:Adullam
989:or the
923:Thummim
877:in the
868:Thummim
859:Thummim
823:emerald
819:barakat
783:Thummim
742:Thummim
722:ืืึผืจึดืื
703:ืชืึผืึดืื
699:Thummim
693:Thummim
685:Hexapla
677:Vulgate
663:of the
653:ืืึผืจึดืื
593:
582:Thummim
575:
573:ืืึผืจึดืื
558:In the
201:Hilkiah
196:Shallum
160:Eleazar
18:Thummim
1952:
1876:Sotah
1834:
1800:
1674:73a-b.
1622:
1539:
1364:Marduk
1312:Oracle
999:Joshua
927:ordeal
791:Marduk
769:tamฤซtu
763:terms
634:Ezra 2
618:Exodus
601:hoshen
596:Tummฤซm
586:Hebrew
568:Hebrew
562:, the
417:Turban
53:
2286:Ephod
2276:Kohen
1882:48a-b
1843:. In
1809:. In
1693:Sifre
1560:. In
1164:Latin
1047:David
995:Achan
887:Ephod
730:Arrim
714:t-m-m
710:ืช.ื.ื
622:Aaron
616:, in
610:ephod
578:สพลชrฤซm
492:Kahen
442:Ephod
412:Tunic
191:Zadok
155:Aaron
88:Roles
68:Kohen
2175:2010
1880:and
1878:9:12
1672:Yoma
1386:and
1384:Urim
1374:and
1372:Urim
1368:seal
1306:Dice
1223:and
1072:and
962:Urim
919:Urim
893:and
866:and
864:Urim
855:Urim
845:and
843:Saul
815:ืืจืงืช
781:and
779:Urim
767:and
765:ลซrtu
757:tumm
755:and
740:and
738:Urim
718:Urim
691:and
689:Urim
657:root
649:Urim
564:Urim
437:Robe
422:Sash
327:and
2221:by
2212:by
2198:by
2048:EMD
1446:",
1442:, "
1318:or
1275:In
1264:In
1247:In
1233:Dig
1221:SVT
1219:by
825:").
821:, "
170:Eli
2368::
2159:.
2134:.
2110:.
2086:.
2044:.
2015:.
2004:^
1988:.
1915:.
1897:.
1635:^
1583:,
1552:;
1548:;
1544:;
1508:^
1461:^
1424:^
1400:^
1131:.
1001:.
797:.
753:ur
588::
570::
2257:e
2250:t
2243:v
2177:.
2144:.
2120:.
2096:.
2064:.
2019:.
1998:.
1959:.
1936:.
1919:.
1901:.
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34:.
20:)
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