56:
40:
452:
A survey in 1985 concluded that only 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) of oak savanna remain, roughly 0.02% of what is estimated to have existed at the time of
European settlement. Highly dispersed and
769:
705:
Mabry, Catherine M.; L.A. Brudvig; R.C. Atwell (2010-06-15). "The confluence of landscape context and site-level management in determining
Midwestern savanna and woodland breeding bird communities".
764:
595:
Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D.; Boucher, T. M.; Robertson, J. C.; Heibel, T. J.; Ellison, K. (2010). Molnar, J. L. (ed.).
490:
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17:
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45:
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612:
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376:
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113:
85:
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128:
512:
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of plant species is largely controlled by the frequency of fire. Typical tallgrass prairie vegetation such as
707:
458:
108:
313:, it is considered endangered with less than 5% of the original ecosystem remaining intact, due mostly to
542:
524:
103:
306:
232:
123:
55:
559:
369:, increase with an increase in the amount of fire, whereas tree density and basal area decrease.
310:
118:
379:
and the abandonment of fire as a land management regime, most savannas have been converted into
39:
599:
The Atlas of Global
Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference
506:
454:
399:
658:
8:
279:
68:
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318:
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283:
685:
366:
342:
564:
199:
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677:
659:"Effects of fire frequency on oak savanna in east-central Minnesota"
27:
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the United States
770:
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands in the United States
383:
330:
219:
204:
354:
346:
298:
214:
178:
594:
457:, none of the present habitat falls under the designation of
362:
80:
704:
358:
209:
765:
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in the United States
491:
Upper
Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge
627:
628:
Benke, Arthur C.; Colbert E. Cushing (26 May 2005).
333:has been the primary driver and determinant of the
629:
596:
461:but comes under the administration of the states'
337:in the plant community. Due to this the resulting
756:
497:Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest
465:organizations or federal entities such as the
785:Plant communities of the Eastern United States
538:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
394:species dominating rather than the historic
558:and its effects on oak savannas run by the
493:in eastern Minnesota and western Wisconsin
469:. Remaining intact habitat areas include:
735:"Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition"
345:ranges approximately from 4 to 29 meters
162:166,100 km (64,100 sq mi)
590:
588:
586:
584:
405:
324:
272:Upper Midwest forest–savanna transition
33:Upper Midwest forest–savanna transition
18:Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition
14:
757:
656:
666:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
548:Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
698:
581:
114:Central forest-grasslands transition
86:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
24:
727:
301:(a transitional area) between the
129:Midwestern Canadian Shield forests
25:
796:
447:
513:Necedah National Wildlife Refuge
486:in extreme northwestern Illinois
341:has been relatively sparse (the
54:
38:
775:Ecoregions of the United States
463:Department of Natural Resources
650:
621:
605:University of California Press
13:
1:
708:Forest Ecology and Management
575:
311:Upper Mississippi River basin
721:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.03.028
509:, also in the Driftless Area
109:Southern Great Lakes forests
7:
715:(1). Elsevier B.V.: 42–51.
543:Western Great Lakes forests
531:
525:Kettle Moraine State Forest
402:species dependent on fire.
309:to the east. A part of the
307:temperate deciduous forests
104:Western Great Lakes forests
10:
801:
780:Flora of the United States
480:in south-central Wisconsin
527:in southeastern Wisconsin
521:in southeastern Wisconsin
503:of southeastern Minnesota
467:Fish and Wildlife Service
260:
252:
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187:
166:
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153:
145:
137:
91:
79:
67:
62:
53:
37:
32:
657:Tester, John R. (1989).
554:station specializing in
124:Northern tall grasslands
632:Rivers of North America
560:University of Minnesota
474:Devil's Lake State Park
278:that is defined by the
119:Central tall grasslands
46:Devil's Lake State Park
739:Terrestrial Ecoregions
741:. World Wildlife Fund
507:Whitewater State Park
276:terrestrial ecoregion
515:in central Wisconsin
406:Species distribution
400:secondary succession
325:Fire and disturbance
305:to the west and the
44:Ecoregion Preserve (
552:ecological research
427:(American basswood)
280:World Wildlife Fund
636:. Academic Press.
484:Savanna Army Depot
416:Quercus macrocarpa
317:and conversion to
303:tallgrass prairies
643:978-0-12-088253-3
614:978-0-520-26256-0
374:European American
268:
267:
233:Humid continental
16:(Redirected from
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459:National Forests
349:). Presence and
339:canopy structure
188:States/Provinces
58:
42:
30:
29:
21:
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678:10.2307/2997196
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450:
424:Tilia americana
408:
392:fire-intolerant
335:forest dynamics
327:
289:located in the
287:plant community
224:
183:
133:
100:
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49:
28:
23:
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12:
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5:
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672:(2): 134–144.
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501:Driftless Area
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448:Intact habitat
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432:Acer saccharum
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420:
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388:shade tolerant
329:Historically,
326:
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293:region of the
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146:Mammal species
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519:Horicon Marsh
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492:
489:Parts of the
488:
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482:
479:
478:Baraboo Range
475:
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440:Quercus rubra
437:
435:(Sugar maple)
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381:closed canopy
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295:United States
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291:Upper Midwest
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174:United States
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743:. Retrieved
738:
729:
712:
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689:. Retrieved
669:
665:
652:
631:
623:
598:
556:fire ecology
451:
438:
430:
422:
414:
409:
371:
351:biodiversity
328:
271:
269:
253:Habitat loss
248:Conservation
240:
236:
229:Climate type
138:Bird species
48:, Wisconsin)
570:Oak savanna
550:– an
319:agriculture
315:overgrazing
297:, it is an
284:oak savanna
759:Categories
745:2010-05-24
691:2010-06-04
576:References
455:fragmented
377:settlement
343:basal area
565:Big Woods
476:, on the
443:(Red oak)
419:(Bur oak)
384:woodlands
261:Protected
200:Wisconsin
195:Minnesota
167:Countries
154:Geography
532:See also
331:wildfire
220:Manitoba
205:Michigan
74:Nearctic
686:2997196
499:in the
410:Trees:
396:primary
386:, with
355:grasses
347:hectare
299:ecotone
215:Ontario
92:Borders
63:Ecology
684:
640:
611:
372:After
367:sedges
365:, and
363:shrubs
179:Canada
682:JSTOR
662:(PDF)
359:forbs
282:. An
274:is a
256:62.5%
81:Biome
69:Realm
638:ISBN
609:ISBN
398:and
390:and
270:The
264:4.7%
239:and
210:Iowa
159:Area
98:List
717:doi
713:260
674:doi
670:116
361:,
241:Dfb
237:Dfa
141:215
761::
737:.
711:.
680:.
668:.
664:.
607:.
603:.
583:^
357:,
321:.
149:62
748:.
723:.
719::
694:.
676::
646:.
617:.
243:)
235:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
