484:
reflux when patient is asked to cough or swallow (water siphon test). Left lateral tilted with head up 45 degrees is used to demonstrate the fundus of the stomach. To demonstrate the duodenal loop, the subject can lie down in prone position on a compression pad to prevent excessive barium flowing into the duodenal loop. Anterior view of duodenal loop can be seen at RAO position. Duodenal cap can be visualised by taking images when subject lie down in prone position, RAO, supine, and then LAO positions or it can be seen on erect position with RAO and steep LAO views. Total mucosal coating of the stomach is done by asking the subject to roll to the right side into a complete circle until RAO position. Arae gastriae in the antrum (fine reticular network of grooves) is visible if good coating is achieved.
544:(nasojejunal tube) to administer large amount of contrast. This can be unpleasant to the subject, requires more staff, longer procedural time, and higher radiation dose when compared to small bowel follow-through. The indications for enteroclysis are generally similar to small bowel follow-through. Barium suspensions such as diluted E-Z Paque 70% and Baritop 100% can be used. After that, 600 ml of 0.5% methylcellulose is administered after 500 ml of 70% barium suspension is given. Bilbao-Dotter tube and Silk tube can be used to administer barium suspension. The subject should be fasted overnight, any
215:
608:
to standard endoscopic techniques. Because of its length and complex loops, the small intestine is the most difficult part of the gastrointestinal tract to evaluate. Most endoscopic techniques are limited to the examination of proximal or distal segments, hence Barium follow-through remains in most centres the test of choice for the investigation of abdominal pain, diarrhoea and in particular diseases manifesting mucosal abnormalities such as coeliac and Crohn's disease.
3127:
697:
207:
47:
199:
622:
Many infections and parasitic infestations produce patterns of the luminal surface, which are best seen on Barium examinations. Certain parasites are seen as filling defects outlined by Barium and Barium examinations play an important role in the diagnosis of intestinal infections and infestations as
452:
A thick barium mixture is swallowed in supine position and fluoroscopic images of the swallowing process are made. Then several swallows of a thin barium mixture are taken and the passage is recorded by fluoroscopy and standard radiographs. The procedure is repeated several times with the examination
607:
are well described by barium follow-through examinations, appearing as a typical "cobblestone pattern", but no information is obtained regarding extraluminal disease. Radiographic imaging in Crohn's disease provides clinicians with objective evaluations of small bowel regions that are not accessible
579:
Enteroclysis has shown to be very accurate in diagnosing small bowel diseases, with a sensitivity of 93.1% and specificity of 96.9%. It permits detection of lesion which may not be seen with other imaging techniques. There is no significant difference in terms of detection of clinically significant
377:
attached to a TV monitor. The radiologist takes a series of individual X-ray images at timed intervals depending on the areas to be studied. Sometimes medication which produces gas in the gastrointestinal tract is administered together with the Barium sulfate. This gas distends the gastrointestinal
181:
closure. Depending on the organs to be examined, barium radiographs can be classified into "barium swallow", "barium meal", "barium follow-through", and "enteroclysis" ("small bowel enema"). To further enhance the quality of images, air or gas is sometimes introduced into the gastrointestinal tract
144:
are used to create radiographs of the regions of interest. The barium enhances the visibility of the relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract by coating the inside wall of the tract and appearing white on the film. This in combination with other plain radiographs allows for the imaging of parts
798:
Barium sulfate as a contrast medium was evolved from the prior use of bismuth preparations which were too toxic. The use of bismuth preparations had been described as early as 1898. Barium sulfate as a contrast medium in medical practice was introduced largely as a result of the works of Krause a
539:
may also be necessary for bowel preparation and cleansing. The main aim of this study is to distend the proximal bowel through infusion of large amount of barium suspension. Otherwise, the distension of distal small bowel is generally similar with small bowel follow-through. Therefore, there is a
483:
Right anterior oblique (RAO) view is used to demonstrate antrum and greater curve of stomach. Supine position is to demonstrate antrum and body of stomach. Left anterior oblique (LAO) view is used to see the lesser curve of stomach en face. This position is also used to check for gastroesophageal
515:
X-ray images are then taken in a supine position at intervals of 20–30 minutes. Real-time fluoroscopy is used to assess bowel motility. The radiologist may press or palpate the abdomen during images to separate intestinal loops. The total time necessary for the test depends on the speed of bowel
53:
52:
49:
48:
511:
is sometimes also added to the mixture to enhance gastric emptying. 600 ml of 0.5% methylcellulose can be given orally, after barium meal is given, to improve the images of small bowel follow-through by reducing the time taken for barium to pass through the small intestines, and increase the
54:
568:
559:, or viewed as standard radiographs taken at frequent intervals. The technique is a double-contrast procedure that allows detailed imaging of the entire small intestine. However, the procedure may take 6 hours or longer to complete and is quite uncomfortable to undergo.
51:
182:
in addition to barium, and this procedure is called double-contrast imaging. In this case the gas is referred to as the negative contrast medium. Traditionally the images produced with barium contrast are made with plain-film radiography, but
712:
Although barium ions are toxic, their use is generally regarded as safe because the small amounts of barium ions available in solution and absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract are deemed to be negligible; however, isolated cases of barium
583:
The interpretation of standard barium swallow examinations for assessing dysphagia is operator and interpreter dependent. It has poor sensitivity for subtle abnormalities but is more sensitive in detecting esophageal webs and rings than
372:
substance that does not allow the passage of X-rays. As a result, areas coated by barium sulfate will appear white on an X-ray film. The passage of barium sulfate through the gastrointestinal tract is observed by a radiologist using a
580:
findings, sensitivity or specificity between enteroclysis and CT enterography. Enteroclysis compares favorably with wireless capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy in the diagnosis of mucosal abnormalities of the small bowel.
618:
Barium fluoroscopic examinations have some advantages over computed tomography and magnetic resonance techniques, such as higher spatial resolution and the ability to examine bowel peristalsis and distension in real
651:
is demonstrated by Barium X-rays as bowel wall oedema, thickening, ulceration, or stricture due to inflammation. Sometimes worms are seen as long, thread-like, linear filling defects up to 30 cm long. In
512:
transparency of the contrast-filled small bowels. Other methods to reduce transit time are to add ice cold normal saline after the administration of barium saline mixture or to give a dry meal.
675:. Barium contrast is more sensitive in the demonstration of subtle mucosa and sub-mucosa abnormalities but computer tomography is the method of choice for determining the extent of disease and
50:
230:(or study). In upper gastrointestinal series examinations, the barium sulfate is mixed with water and swallowed orally, whereas in the lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema), the barium
360:, barium contrast imaging remains in common use because it offers the advantages of greater affordability, wider availability, and better resolution in assessing superficial mucosal lesions.
453:
table tilted at various angles. A total of 350–450 mL of barium is swallowed during the process. Normally, 90% of ingested fluid should have passed into the stomach after 15 seconds.
445:) is used instead of barium if oesophageal perforation is suspected. Low osmolar contrast medium with concentration of 300 mg/ml is used instead of gastrografin if there is risk of
492:
Indications to do this procedure are: unexplained chronic abdominal pain with weight loss, unexplained diarrhea, anemia which is caused by gastrointestinal bleeding or dependent on
222:
Various types of barium X-ray examinations are used to examine different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. These include barium swallow, barium meal, barium follow-through, and
803:
and his colleagues Bachem and
Gunther. In a paper read in 1910 at the radiological congress they advocated for the use of barium sulfate as an opaque contrast medium in medicine.
631:
as thin, linear filling defects of the bowel. Because roundworms have a developed alimentary tract, barium may outline the parasites' intestinal tracts on delayed images. In
764:, which is often fatal; as a result, the use of barium as a contrast agent is contraindicated when there is a suspicion or possibility of compromise of bowel wall integrity.
2033:
Sinha, R; Rajesh, A; Rawat, S; Rajiah, P; Ramachandran, I (May 2012). "Infections and infestations of the gastrointestinal tract. Part 2: parasitic and other infections".
496:
where the cause cannot be explained despite OGDS or colonoscopy investigations, partial obstruction of bowel/small bowel adhesive obstruction suspected, and unexplained
226:. The barium swallow, barium meal, and barium follow-through are together also called an upper gastrointestinal series (or study), whereas the barium enema is called a
288:
Barium X-ray examinations are useful tools for the study of appearance and function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They are used to diagnose and monitor
3086:
3163:
456:
Right anterior oblique (RAO) view is to see the oesophagus clearly, away from overlapping spine. AP (anterior-posterior) view is also done to visualise the
1948:
Fidler, JL; Fletcher, JG; Bruining, DH; Trenkner, SW (Jul 2013). "Current status of CT, magnetic resonance, and barium in inflammatory bowel disease".
464:
during swallowing at a frame rate of 3–4 per second. Left posterior oblique (LPO) position is used to identify hernias, mucosal rings, and varices.
4064:
2147:
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Aspiration or inhalation of barium sulfate into the lungs during oral application can lead to serious respiratory complications leading to fatal
3835:
1411:
Park, Kwang Bo; Ha, Hyun Kwon; Son, Se Ho; Hwang, Jae Cheul; Ji, Eun Kyung; Kim, Nam Hyeon; Kim, Pyo Nyun; Lee, Moon Kyu; Auh, Yong Ho (1996).
603:
are widely accepted as being superior. However Barium examinations remain superior in the depiction of mucosal abnormalities. The features of
588:. The best initial evaluation of suspected oropharyngeal dysphagia is a barium study. Barium swallow studies remain the main investigation of
3796:
2801:
2485:
437:
such as 100 ml or more of E-Z HD 200 to 250% concentration and
Baritop 100% can be used. Water-soluble contrast agent such as Gastrografin (
2615:
1413:"Use of methylcellulose in Small-Bowel Follow-Through Examination: Comparison with Enteroclysis andConventional Series in Normal Subjects"
3861:
2627:
1517:
Nijhawan, Sandeep; Kumpawat, Saket; Mallikarjun, P; Bansal, Rp; Singla, Dinesh; Ashdhir, Prachis; Mathur, Amit; Rai, Ramesh Roop (2008).
262:, also called small bowel enema, is a barium X-ray examination used to display individual loops of the small intestine by intubating the
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727:
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Leakage of barium sulfate into the abdominal cavity may occur in people with duodenal ulcers or other perforations and may lead to
3759:
2593:
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barium studies show intestinal wall oedema, thickening of intestinal folds with flattening, and atrophy of the overlying mucosa.
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919:
889:
1615:
984:
Levine, MS; Rubesin, SE; Laufer, I (Nov 2008). "Pattern approach for diseases of mesenteric small bowel on barium studies".
4100:
3314:
3149:
202:
Barium meal examination showing the stomach and duodenum in double contrast technique with CO2 as negative contrast medium
3363:
2439:
1704:
Grant, PD; Morgan, DE; Scholz, FJ; Canon, CL (Jan–Feb 2009). "Pharyngeal dysphagia: what the radiologist needs to know".
3801:
2991:
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2610:
2519:
2122:
Baert, Henrik S. Thomsen ; Judith A.W. Webb (ed.). With contributions by P. Aspelin ... Foreword by A.L. (2009).
1829:
Dambha, F; Tanner, J; Carroll, N (Jun 2014). "Diagnostic imaging in Crohn's disease: what is the new gold standard?".
4115:
4105:
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2449:
1292:
1098:
Sinha, Rakesh; Rawat, Sudarshan (2011-10-01). "Training the Next
Generation in Luminal Gastrointestinal Radiology".
2434:
2429:
2312:
647:, with inflammatory polyps, ulcers, fibrosis, wall thickening, loss of haustration, and stenosis in Barium X-rays.
529:
187:
86:
Upper gastrointestinal study, contrast radiography of the upper gastrointestinal tract, barium swallow, barium meal
1913:
Baker, ME; Einstein, DM (Mar 2014). "Barium esophagram: does it have a role in gastroesophageal reflux disease?".
3592:
2514:
2497:
612:
525:
500:
of nutrients. For barium follow-through examinations, a 6-hour period of fasting is observed prior to the study.
17:
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91:
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2329:
2220:
938:
Kuo, P; Holloway, RH; Nguyen, NQ (May 2012). "Current and future techniques in the evaluation of dysphagia".
402:
and needs little if any preparations for the study of the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus when studied alone.
378:
lumen, providing better imaging conditions and in this case the procedure is called double-contrast imaging.
275:
227:
3141:
1669:
Maglinte, DD; Kohli, MD; Romano, S; Lappas, JC (Sep 2009). "Air (CO2) double-contrast barium enteroclysis".
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2968:
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2316:
1985:"Infections and infestations of the gastrointestinal tract. Part 1: bacterial, viral and fungal infections"
595:
Barium follow-through examinations are the most commonly used imaging technique in assessing patients with
418:
125:
3856:
3691:
3235:
2776:
2744:
2727:
2068:
Engin, G; Korman, U (Sep 2011). "Gastrointestinal lymphoma: a spectrum of fluoroscopic and CT findings".
1748:
480:
0.3 mg is used to distend the stomach and slow down the emptying of the contrast into the duodenum.
656:
Barium studies show oedema, ulceration, and inflammation of bowel wall resulting in wall thickening. In
552:
lozenges can be used 30 minutes before the procedure to numb the throat for nasojejunal tube insertion.
340:. Although barium X-ray examinations are increasingly being replaced by more modern techniques, such as
3764:
3686:
3554:
3413:
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600:
414:
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such that the inside wall lining, size, shape, contour, and patency are visible to the examiner. With
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Barium studies and computer tomography are the most common tools used to diagnose gastrointestinal
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Barium enema examinations are used to study the large intestine and rectum and are classified as
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592:. Barium studies may detect pharyngeal tumors that are difficult to visualize endoscopically.
473:
1794:
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3597:
3107:
2796:
2734:
2556:
1356:
Ziessman, Harvey A.; O'Malley, Janis P.; Thrall, James H. (2014). "Dysmotility
Disorders".
1063:
Biomedical Papers of the
Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia
826:
Murphy, KP; McLaughlin, PD; O'Connor, OJ; Maher, MM (Mar 2014). "Imaging the small bowel".
768:
611:
Barium swallow studies are better than endoscopy at demonstrating the anatomic findings in
446:
430:
301:
730:, which may need to be removed surgically, is a complication of the use of barium sulfate.
8:
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are rare but some additives contained in barium preparations may induce immune reactions.
745:
676:
341:
186:
is also used in combination with barium contrast, in which case the procedure is called "
133:
121:
96:
687:. Submucosal nodules or masses form a bull's-eye or target appearance on barium studies.
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169:, it is also possible to visualize the functional movement of examined organs such as
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27:
Radiographs used to examine abnormalities of the digestive system excluding the colon
2081:
1519:"Barium meal follow-through with pneumocolon: Screening test for chronic bowel pain"
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with thumb printing and shaggy margins as well as plaque-like eccentric, nodular or
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Enteroclysis is also known as small bowel enema. It has been largely replaced by
504:
387:
267:
218:
Enteroclysis in double contrast technique showing stenosis of the small intestine
162:
129:
1195:
386:
Clinical status and relevant medical history are reviewed prior to the studies.
140:
mixed with water, is ingested or instilled into the gastrointestinal tract, and
4079:
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3769:
3714:
3420:
3390:
3284:
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714:
508:
442:
231:
137:
64:
2178:
1926:
1842:
1682:
1616:"American College of Radiology ACR appropriateness criteria – Chron's Disease"
997:
246:
Barium swallow X-ray examinations are used to study the pharynx and esophagus.
4094:
3990:
3719:
3649:
3385:
3220:
3171:
2690:
2659:
2647:
2642:
2400:
2295:
2124:
Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines ; with 24 tables
1961:
1544:
1485:
1438:
1119:
717:
have been described following absorption of barium from the intestinal tract.
545:
497:
297:
1881:
249:
Barium meal examinations are used to study the lower esophagus, stomach and
3967:
3781:
3676:
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3516:
3073:
2926:
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2828:
2652:
2637:
2571:
2089:
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2008:
1969:
1934:
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1801:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp.
1645:(2nd Canadian ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1601:
1503:
752:; it is associated with a high mortality rate. Leakage of barium into the
3957:
3813:
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3624:
3488:
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3358:
3336:
3326:
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2551:
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2353:
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2249:
2163:"Some Observations on the History of the Use of Barium Salts in Medicine"
1477:
753:
741:
680:
648:
585:
556:
461:
438:
410:
374:
256:
Barium follow-through examinations are used to study the small intestine.
174:
166:
72:
31:
1535:
1111:
1075:
1058:
4020:
3962:
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749:
734:
661:
549:
170:
68:
1983:
Sinha, R; Rajesh, A; Rawat, S; Rajiah, P; Ramachandran, I (May 2012).
1643:
Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of
Canadian medical-surgical nursing
1057:
Markova, I; Kluchova, K; Zboril, R; Mashlan, M; Herman, M (Jun 2010).
3817:
3620:
3531:
3521:
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3408:
3212:
2959:
2895:
2348:
700:
Barium in the lungs resulting from aspiration during a barium swallow
653:
640:
624:
589:
555:
The filling of the small intestines can be viewed continuously using
406:
353:
317:
313:
293:
178:
154:
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3629:
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1984:
672:
536:
477:
321:
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696:
3265:
3011:
2414:
1516:
825:
628:
541:
325:
263:
183:
158:
146:
81:
1235:
Gastrointestinal Tract
Imaging: An Evidence-Based Practice Guide
799:
director of the Bonn
Polyclinic, now the medical faculty of the
567:
507:(gastrografin) to reduce transit time in the bowel. Intravenous
3982:
3546:
3006:
239:
150:
60:
1947:
1173:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. p. 1001.
3751:
3033:
2244:
1335:
Barium swallow and barium meal: techniques and interpretation
516:
motility or transit time and may vary between 1 and 3 hours.
333:
329:
235:
206:
141:
1388:
Oxford
Handbook of Clinical Examination and Practical Skills
1056:
548:
drugs should be stopped one day before the examination, and
914:(2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar/Cengage Learning.
879:
535:
In addition to fasting for 8 hours prior to examination, a
1355:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
1668:
336:, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as well as to detect
2070:
1831:
Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
1285:
Chapman and Nakielny's Guide to Radiological Procedures
862:
198:
2032:
1982:
1703:
460:. AP and lateral views are also done to visualise the
429:, and timed barium swallow to monitor the progress of
1741:
1171:
Textbook of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
1059:"Small bowel imaging – still a radiologic approach?"
503:
Barium is administered orally, sometimes mixed with
1828:
1228:
1226:
1224:
983:
405:Amongst the uses of barium swallow are: persistent
623:compared to other techniques. Barium studies show
1866:"Radiographical evaluation of ulcerative colitis"
1194:Chen, Anthony; Tafti, Dawood; Tuma, Faiz (2021).
1031:(4th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.
937:
912:Delmar's guide to laboratory and diagnostic tests
63:swallow fluoroscopic image, showing the ingested
4092:
1737:
1735:
1664:
1662:
1576:Nolan, Daniel J.; Cadman, Philip J. (May 1987).
1278:
1276:
1274:
1221:
723:and abdominal pain may occur after barium meals.
145:of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as the
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1742:Robinson, C; Punwani, S; Taylor, S (Dec 2009).
1618:. American College of Radiology. Archived from
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1301:
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1164:
1162:
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905:
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901:
540:need to pass a tube through the nose into the
3797:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
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979:
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530:computed tomography enterography/enteroclysis
487:
266:and administering barium sulfate followed by
210:Barium follow-through showing the small bowel
2146:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2015:
1744:"Imaging the gastrointestinal tract in 2008"
1308:Chernecky, Cynthia; Berger, Barbara (2012).
1251:
562:
526:magnetic resonance enterography/enteroclysis
2067:
1941:
1857:
1819:
1793:Brant, William E.; Helms, Clyde A. (2007).
1575:
1462:"Barium examination of the small intestine"
1374:
1282:
1159:
1045:
898:
30:For the barium meal test in espionage, see
3447:
3164:
3150:
2228:
2214:
2104:
2061:
1976:
1906:
1792:
1786:
1697:
1417:Journal of the Korean Radiological Society
1310:Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures
1287:. Elsevier. pp. 49–51, 52–55, 55–60.
1134:
1097:
974:
940:Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
933:
931:
812:
790:is a contraindication for barium studies.
398:A barium swallow study is also known as a
45:
3938:
2186:
1915:Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
1889:
1769:
1634:
1552:
1534:
1493:
1428:
1337:. Monthly Student Meeting. Tehran, Iran.
1326:
1074:
679:as well as related complications such as
3603:Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
3064:Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
1706:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
1640:
1390:. Oxford University Press. p. 712.
1233:Nightingale, Julie; Law, Robert (2012).
1029:Gastrointestinal imaging: the requisites
695:
566:
213:
205:
197:
3760:Artificial extracorporeal liver support
2126:(2., rev. ed.). Berlin: Springer.
1386:Thomas, James; Monaghan, Tanya (2014).
1333:Zare Mehrjardi, Mohammad (2013-07-16).
1145:. : HarperCollins e-Books. p. 29.
928:
909:
574:as seen in a barium swallow examination
449:or there is tracheoesophageal fistula.
238:through a small tube inserted into the
14:
4093:
2160:
1168:
1026:
3145:
2209:
2121:
1459:
1143:Gastrointestinal health third edition
368:Barium sulfate is swallowed and is a
3315:Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery
1864:Deepak, P; Bruining, DH (Aug 2014).
1797:Fundamentals of diagnostic radiology
1187:
880:British Medical Association (2013).
3364:Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
3172:Tests and procedures involving the
2235:
1140:
828:Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
472:Intravenous injection of Buscopan (
24:
3802:Distal splenorenal shunt procedure
2871:Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
1641:al.], Rene A. Day ... [et (2009).
882:BMA Illustrated Medical Dictionary
705:Radiographic examinations involve
691:
25:
4132:
1578:"The small bowel enema made easy"
1523:World Journal of Gastroenterology
1100:American Journal of Roentgenology
733:Barium sulfate may cause serious
393:
3126:
3125:
2161:Schott, G. D. (16 August 2012).
952:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07097.x
3593:Lateral internal sphincterotomy
2628:Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
2154:
2082:10.4261/1305-3825.dir.3332-10.3
1608:
1569:
1510:
1453:
1404:
1349:
613:gastroesophageal reflux disease
519:
283:
3300:Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
3251:Functional Lumen Imaging Probe
2876:Radioactive iodine uptake test
1718:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2007.08.009
1141:M.D, Steven R. Peikin (2014).
1091:
1020:
643:have an appearance resembling
467:
417:(OGDS) findings, failed OGDS,
13:
1:
3682:Lower gastrointestinal series
3426:Upper gastrointestinal series
2856:Radionuclide ventriculography
2330:Lower gastrointestinal series
2322:Upper gastrointestinal series
1594:10.1016/S0009-9260(87)80075-2
1343:10.13140/RG.2.2.10543.33449/1
806:
276:lower gastrointestinal series
228:lower gastrointestinal series
106:upper gastrointestinal series
40:Upper gastrointestinal series
3948:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
3667:Double-contrast barium enema
3494:Partial ileal bypass surgery
3371:Esophagogastric dissociation
3047:Optical coherence tomography
2969:Myocardial perfusion imaging
2557:Dental panoramic radiography
1762:10.7861/clinmedicine.9-6-609
1312:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1237:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
840:10.1097/mog.0000000000000038
788:gastrointestinal obstruction
419:esophageal motility disorder
381:
363:
7:
4101:Diagnostic gastroenterology
3765:Bioartificial liver devices
3692:Transrectal ultrasonography
10:
4137:
3687:Small-bowel follow-through
3555:Abdominoperineal resection
3414:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
2851:Ventilation/perfusion scan
2326:Small-bowel follow-through
2047:10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.022
2001:10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.021
1430:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.3.351
1283:Watson N, Jones H (2018).
884:. Dorling Kindersley Ltd.
793:
615:after anti-reflux surgery.
601:magnetic resonance imaging
488:Small bowel follow-through
415:esophagogastroduodenoscopy
346:magnetic resonance imaging
29:
4047:Clinical prediction rules
4045:
4013:
3981:
3953:Intraperitoneal injection
3929:
3887:
3812:
3750:
3741:
3705:
3657:Abdominal ultrasonography
3611:
3573:
3565:Total mesorectal excision
3545:
3507:
3484:Intestine transplantation
3438:
3399:
3274:Sengstaken–Blakemore tube
3264:
3256:High resolution manometry
3246:Esophageal motility study
3207:
3189:
3180:
3121:
3100:
3092:Dynamic angiothermography
3072:
3028:
2977:
2954:
2944:
2909:
2836:
2826:
2817:
2760:Abdominal ultrasonography
2668:
2584:
2544:
2463:
2422:
2413:
2266:
2257:
2243:
2179:10.1017/S0025727300019190
1950:Seminars in Roentgenology
1927:10.1016/j.gtc.2013.11.008
1843:10.1016/j.bpg.2014.04.010
1683:10.1148/radiol.2523081972
1460:Nolan, D J (1981-08-01).
1202:. StatPearls Publishing.
998:10.1148/radiol.2491071336
639:caused by infection with
563:Interpretation of results
458:gastroesophageal junction
435:Barium sulfate suspension
427:tracheoesophageal fistula
90:
80:
44:
39:
4116:Projectional radiography
4106:Digestive system imaging
3902:Pancreas transplantation
3560:Lower anterior resection
3241:Esophageal pH monitoring
3183:Digestive system surgery
3082:Non-contact thermography
2861:Radionuclide angiography
2713:Doppler echocardiography
1962:10.1053/j.ro.2013.03.004
1027:Boland, Giles W (2013).
658:pseudomembranous colitis
193:
3996:Inguinal hernia surgery
3912:Pancreaticoduodenectomy
3295:Adjustable gastric band
3236:Impedance–pH monitoring
2866:Radioisotope renography
1870:Gastroenterology Report
67:being induced down the
4026:Exploratory laparotomy
3841:Hepatoportoenterostomy
3305:Gastric bypass surgery
3174:human digestive system
2901:Gastric emptying study
910:Daniels, Rick (2010).
709:in the form of X-rays.
701:
660:, barium studies show
575:
234:is administered as an
219:
211:
203:
126:gastrointestinal tract
4001:Femoral hernia repair
3787:Liver transplantation
3381:Nissen fundoplication
2562:X-ray motion analysis
2445:X-ray microtomography
2364:Hysterosalpingography
2271:Pneumoencephalography
1882:10.1093/gastro/gou026
778:Hypersensitivity and
699:
572:Zenker's diverticulum
570:
474:Hyoscine butylbromide
217:
209:
201:
128:for abnormalities. A
3598:Rubber band ligation
3537:Hartmann's operation
3087:Contact thermography
2797:Emergency ultrasound
2735:Transcranial Doppler
2486:Abdominal and pelvis
1478:10.1136/gut.22.8.682
769:aspiration pneumonia
431:esophageal achalasia
124:used to examine the
3973:Peritoneal dialysis
3792:Portal hypertension
3697:Virtual colonoscopy
3672:Endoanal ultrasound
3588:Anorectal manometry
3583:Anal sphincterotomy
3527:Colonic polypectomy
3322:Collis gastroplasty
3054:Confocal microscopy
2932:Indium-111 WBC scan
2755:Echoencephalography
2491:Virtual colonoscopy
1536:10.3748/wjg.14.6694
1169:Hawkey, CJ (2012).
1112:10.2214/ajr.11.6870
1076:10.5507/bp.2010.019
342:computer tomography
184:computed tomography
134:radiocontrast agent
3467:Jejunoileal bypass
3310:Sleeve gastrectomy
3042:Optical tomography
2891:Dacryoscintigraphy
2886:Immunoscintigraphy
2525:Whole body imaging
2276:Dental radiography
2035:Clinical Radiology
1989:Clinical Radiology
1622:on 3 December 2020
1582:Clinical Radiology
801:University of Bonn
780:allergic reactions
707:radiation exposure
702:
599:, although CT and
576:
400:barium esophagram
350:ultrasound imaging
220:
212:
204:
4088:
4087:
4033:Rapid urease test
4009:
4008:
3925:
3924:
3917:Puestow procedure
3879:Cholescintigraphy
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3725:Stool guaiac test
3635:Capsule endoscopy
3457:Bariatric surgery
3434:
3433:
3349:Gastroenterostomy
3290:Bariatric surgery
3139:
3138:
3101:Target conditions
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
2940:
2939:
2881:Bone scintigraphy
2846:Scintimammography
2841:Cholescintigraphy
2686:contrast-enhanced
2580:
2579:
2540:
2539:
2530:Full-body CT scan
2430:General operation
2409:
2408:
2379:Angiocardiography
2133:978-3-540-72783-5
1812:978-0-7817-6135-2
1749:Clinical Medicine
1652:978-0-7817-9989-8
1529:(43): 6694–6698.
1397:978-0-19-104454-0
1367:978-0-323-08299-0
1319:978-1-4557-4502-9
1244:978-0-7020-4549-3
1180:978-1-118-32140-9
1152:978-0-06-186365-3
1038:978-0-323-10199-8
921:978-1-4180-2067-5
891:978-1-4093-4966-2
758:peritoneal cavity
726:The formation of
494:blood transfusion
413:despite negative
358:capsule endoscopy
290:esophageal reflux
120:, is a series of
102:
101:
55:
16:(Redirected from
4128:
4070:Child–Pugh score
4037:Urea breath test
3936:
3935:
3897:Frey's procedure
3874:Cholecystography
3748:
3747:
3445:
3444:
3280:Nasogastric tube
3205:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3129:
3128:
2952:
2951:
2834:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2708:Echocardiography
2567:Hounsfield scale
2420:
2419:
2339:Cholecystography
2264:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2137:
2119:
2102:
2101:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2030:
2013:
2012:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1800:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1538:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1432:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1383:
1372:
1371:
1358:Nuclear Medicine
1353:
1347:
1346:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1280:
1249:
1248:
1230:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1196:"Barium Swallow"
1191:
1185:
1184:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1054:
1043:
1042:
1024:
1018:
1017:
981:
972:
971:
935:
926:
925:
907:
896:
895:
877:
860:
859:
823:
645:colitis ulcerosa
633:Strongyloidiasis
476:) 20 mg or
425:, assessment of
423:globus pharyngis
310:pyloric stenosis
108:, also called a
97:GroupMajor.minor
57:
56:
37:
36:
21:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4075:Ranson criteria
4041:
4005:
3977:
3921:
3883:
3852:Cholangiography
3848:Medical imaging
3831:Cholecystostomy
3826:Cholecystectomy
3808:
3729:
3701:
3613:Medical imaging
3607:
3569:
3541:
3503:
3499:Strictureplasty
3474:Bowel resection
3462:Duodenal switch
3430:
3401:Medical imaging
3395:
3260:
3191:Digestive tract
3185:
3176:
3170:
3140:
3135:
3117:
3096:
3068:
3016:
3002:PET mammography
2973:
2936:
2922:Gallium-67 scan
2917:Octreotide scan
2905:
2813:
2664:
2576:
2536:
2459:
2440:High-resolution
2405:
2369:Skeletal survey
2335:Cholangiography
2248:
2239:
2237:Medical imaging
2234:
2204:
2167:Medical History
2159:
2155:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2120:
2105:
2066:
2062:
2031:
2016:
1981:
1977:
1946:
1942:
1911:
1907:
1862:
1858:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1791:
1787:
1740:
1733:
1702:
1698:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1574:
1570:
1515:
1511:
1458:
1454:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1384:
1375:
1368:
1354:
1350:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1281:
1252:
1245:
1231:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1139:
1135:
1096:
1092:
1055:
1046:
1039:
1025:
1021:
982:
975:
936:
929:
922:
908:
899:
892:
878:
863:
824:
813:
809:
796:
762:endotoxic shock
694:
692:Adverse effects
637:Schistosomiasis
605:Crohn's disease
597:Crohn's disease
565:
522:
505:diatrizoic acid
490:
470:
396:
388:Patient consent
384:
366:
286:
268:methylcellulose
196:
188:CT enterography
163:small intestine
130:contrast medium
76:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Upper GI series
15:
12:
11:
5:
4134:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4080:Milan criteria
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3933:
3931:Abdominopelvic
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3907:Pancreatectomy
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3770:Liver dialysis
3767:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3715:Fecal fat test
3711:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3440:Lower GI tract
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3421:Barium swallow
3418:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3391:Schilling test
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3285:Gastric lavage
3282:
3277:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Heller myotomy
3223:
3217:
3215:
3202:
3200:Upper GI tract
3193:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3059:Endomicroscopy
3056:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3038:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2949:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2332:
2319:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2252:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2202:
2153:
2132:
2103:
2060:
2041:(5): 495–504.
2014:
1975:
1940:
1905:
1856:
1818:
1811:
1785:
1731:
1696:
1658:
1651:
1633:
1607:
1588:(3): 295–301.
1568:
1509:
1472:(8): 682–694.
1452:
1403:
1396:
1373:
1366:
1348:
1325:
1318:
1300:
1293:
1250:
1243:
1220:
1186:
1179:
1158:
1151:
1133:
1090:
1044:
1037:
1019:
973:
927:
920:
897:
890:
861:
810:
808:
805:
795:
792:
784:
783:
776:
765:
738:
731:
724:
718:
715:encephalopathy
710:
693:
690:
689:
688:
669:
620:
616:
609:
593:
581:
564:
561:
521:
518:
509:metoclopramide
489:
486:
469:
466:
443:Iotalamic acid
441:) and Conray (
395:
394:Barium swallow
392:
383:
380:
365:
362:
338:foreign bodies
285:
282:
281:
280:
271:
257:
254:
247:
232:contrast agent
195:
192:
138:barium sulfate
110:barium swallow
100:
99:
94:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
65:barium sulfate
58:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4133:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3991:Hernia repair
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Fecal pH test
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:Sigmoidoscopy
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Pyloromyotomy
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Esophagectomy
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Ga-68-DOTATOC
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:Intravascular
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2660:Synthetic MRI
2658:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Electron beam
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2401:Orbital x-ray
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:Bronchography
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2076:(3): 255–65.
2075:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:(5): 484–94.
1994:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:(3): 234–44.
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:(3): 169–77.
1875:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:(3): 421–36.
1836:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:(6): 609–12.
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:(3): 633–41.
1676:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1419:(in Korean).
1418:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1294:9780702071669
1290:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1069:(2): 123–32.
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
992:(2): 445–60.
991:
987:
980:
978:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:(5): 873–81.
945:
941:
934:
932:
923:
917:
913:
906:
904:
902:
893:
887:
883:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
834:(2): 134–40.
833:
829:
822:
820:
818:
816:
811:
804:
802:
791:
789:
781:
777:
774:
770:
766:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
736:
732:
729:
725:
722:
719:
716:
711:
708:
704:
703:
698:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
591:
587:
582:
578:
577:
573:
569:
560:
558:
553:
551:
547:
546:antispasmodic
543:
538:
533:
531:
527:
517:
513:
510:
506:
501:
499:
498:malabsorption
495:
485:
481:
479:
475:
465:
463:
459:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
391:
390:is required.
389:
379:
376:
371:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:hiatus hernia
295:
291:
278:
277:
272:
269:
265:
261:
258:
255:
252:
248:
245:
244:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
216:
208:
200:
191:
189:
185:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
95:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
74:
70:
66:
62:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3968:Paracentesis
3782:Liver biopsy
3677:Enteroclysis
3662:Defecography
3517:Appendectomy
3425:
3108:Acute stroke
3074:Thermography
2829:scintigraphy
2819:Radionuclide
2807:pre-hospital
2653:Tractography
2572:Radiodensity
2474:calcium scan
2435:Quantitative
2321:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2123:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2038:
2034:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1921:(1): 47–68.
1918:
1914:
1908:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1834:
1830:
1796:
1788:
1753:
1747:
1712:(1): 17–32.
1709:
1705:
1699:
1674:
1670:
1642:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:the original
1610:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1387:
1360:. Elsevier.
1357:
1351:
1334:
1328:
1309:
1303:
1284:
1234:
1211:. Retrieved
1199:
1189:
1170:
1142:
1136:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1066:
1062:
1028:
1022:
989:
985:
943:
939:
911:
881:
831:
827:
797:
785:
773:asphyxiation
760:may lead to
721:Constipation
554:
534:
523:
520:Enteroclysis
514:
502:
491:
482:
471:
455:
451:
404:
399:
397:
385:
370:radio opaque
367:
287:
284:Medical uses
274:
260:Enteroclysis
224:barium enema
221:
132:, usually a
117:
114:barium study
113:
109:
105:
103:
4111:Fluoroscopy
3958:Laparoscopy
3814:Gallbladder
3777:Hepatectomy
3707:Stool tests
3645:Proctoscopy
3640:Enteroscopy
3625:Colonoscopy
3509:Large bowel
3489:Jejunostomy
3449:Small bowel
3376:Hill repair
3359:Gastrostomy
3337:Billroth II
3327:Gastrectomy
3231:Sialography
2997:Cardiac PET
2770:renal tract
2745:Gynecologic
2677:Techniques
2648:restriction
2623:Angiography
2606:Neurography
2552:Fluoroscopy
2498:Angiography
2479:angiography
2423:Techniques:
2384:Aortography
2374:Angiography
2354:Cystography
2344:Mammography
2286:Myelography
2281:Sialography
2250:radiography
2173:(1): 9–21.
1213:23 December
1106:(4): W780.
754:mediastinum
742:peritonitis
737:irritation.
685:perforation
681:fistulation
668:appearance.
649:Anisakiasis
586:gastroscopy
557:fluoroscopy
468:Barium meal
462:hypopharynx
439:diatrizoate
411:odynophagia
375:fluoroscope
306:diverticula
175:peristalsis
167:fluoroscopy
122:radiographs
118:barium meal
73:peristalsis
32:Canary trap
4095:Categories
4021:Laparotomy
3963:Omentopexy
3940:Peritoneum
3575:Anal canal
3354:Gastropexy
3332:Billroth I
2910:Full body:
2696:endoscopic
2670:Ultrasound
2599:functional
2396:Lymphogram
2391:Venography
2359:Arthrogram
1423:(3): 351.
1200:StatPearls
807:References
750:granulomas
735:peritoneal
662:pancolitis
629:roundworms
550:Tetracaine
447:aspiration
302:strictures
171:swallowing
92:ICD-10-PCS
69:oesophagus
3818:bile duct
3743:Accessory
3621:Endoscopy
3532:Colostomy
3522:Colectomy
3479:Ileostomy
3409:Endoscopy
3342:Roux-en-Y
3213:Esophagus
3113:Pregnancy
2992:Brain PET
2960:gamma ray
2896:DMSA scan
2750:Obstetric
2643:diffusion
2638:Sequences
2616:perfusion
2508:Pulmonary
2455:Cone beam
2349:Pyelogram
2142:cite book
1671:Radiology
1545:1007-9327
1486:0017-5749
1447:184219822
1439:0301-2867
1120:0361-803X
986:Radiology
786:Complete
728:baroliths
654:Typhlitis
641:flatworms
625:tapeworms
590:dysphagia
433:therapy.
407:dysphagia
382:Procedure
364:Mechanism
354:endoscopy
318:enteritis
314:gastritis
294:dysphagia
179:sphincter
155:esophagus
3889:Pancreas
3630:Anoscopy
3131:Category
2983:positron
2503:Coronary
2090:20725903
2055:22169349
2009:22257535
1970:23796374
1935:24503359
1900:24843072
1851:24913382
1780:20095312
1726:19041038
1691:19717748
1563:19034973
1208:29630228
1128:21940553
1085:20668493
1014:15473369
1006:18812557
960:22369033
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746:adhesion
673:lymphoma
666:polypoid
537:laxative
478:glucagon
322:volvulus
251:duodenum
136:such as
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3266:Stomach
3030:Optical
3012:PET-MRI
2792:Carotid
2787:Scrotal
2681:doppler
2611:Cardiac
2520:Thyroid
2464:Targets
2415:CT scan
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2188:1081520
2098:6475386
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1771:4952308
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147:pharynx
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4121:Barium
3983:Hernia
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