1470:
1479:, p. 159, "How did this Yajnopavita come in? Mr. Tilak offers an explanation (in The Orion, Or, Researches Into the Antiquity of the Vedas by Bal Gangadhar Tilak dated 1893)... The word yajnopavita is derived by all native scholars from Yajna + Upavita; but there is a difference of opinion as to whether we should understand the compound to mean an upavita for yajna i.e for sacrificial purposes, or, whether it is the 'upavita of Yajnas.' The former is not incorrect, but authority is in favour of the latter. Thus the Prayoga-writers quote a smriti to the effect that 'the High Soul is termed Yajna by the hotris, this is his upavita; therefore it is yajna-upavita.' This explanation by Mr. Tilak is no doubt very interesting. But it does not help to explain some of the difficulties.".
22:
1559:
728:
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1807:
1572:. "He who gives the Vedas is called the Guru ; one who performs the Upanayana and gives the Vedas is called the Acharya ; one who tenches'a portion is au Upadhyaya, and one who performs tho sacrifices is called the Rtvik; those are entitled to respect in the order of priority ; but more than all these is the mother most entitled to respect..
717:, too, underwent a step during the wedding rituals, where she would complete Upanayana, and thereafter wear her upper garment (saree) over her left shoulder. This interim symbolic Upanayana rite of passage for a girl, before her wedding, is described in multiple texts such as the Gobhila Gṛhya Sūtra (verse 2.1.19) and some Dharmasutras.
879:, for example, states that Upanayana — the solemn reception of the pupil by the teacher to teach him the Veda — is joined into texts of Vedic texts at places that simply do not make any contextual sense, do not match the style, and are likely to be a corruption of the ancient texts. For example, in Satapatha Brahmana, the
1816:, p. 144, 146, The upanayana marks not the beginning of education, but of Vedic instruction. After the samskara of caula (tonsure) comes a ceremony named vidyarambha, initiation into learning, i.e. literacy. If vidyarambha was the beginning of literacy, upanayana marks the induction into sacred and redeeming lore..
798:
The
Gobhila Gṛhya Sutra (verse 1.2.1) similarly states in its discussion on Upanayana, that "the student understands the yajnopavita as a cord of threads, or a garment, or a rope of kusa grass", and it is its methods of wearing and the significance that matters. The proper manner of wearing the upper
767:
The predecessor to the sacred thread was an upper garment (such as a dupatta or an uparane). However, as traditions developed, the upper garment began to be worn continuously. The usage of a thread grew out of convenience and manageability, becoming more popular than alternatives such as a kusa rope.
790:
appears in ancient Hindu literature, and therein it means a way of wearing the upper garment during a ritual or rites of passage. The custom of wearing a string is a late development in
Hinduism, was optional in the medieval era, and the ancient Indian texts do not mention this ritual for any class
735:
The sacred thread or the yajnopavita has become one of the most important parts of contemporary
Upanayana ceremonies. There are accordingly a number of rules related to it. The thread is composed of three cotton strands of nine strands each. The strands symbolise different things in their regions.
908:
in 1991. The reliability of the Manusmṛti manuscript used since colonial times, states
Olivelle, is "far from the truth. Indeed, one of the great surprises of my editorial work has been to discover how few of the over fifty manuscripts that I collated actually follow the vulgate in key readings."
250:
means 'near'. With the prefix the full literal meaning becomes 'leading near (to)'. The initiation or rite of passage ceremony in which the sacred thread is given symbolizes the child drawn towards a school, towards education, by the guru or teacher. The student was being taken to the Gods and a
810:
The idea of wearing the upper garment or sacred thread, and its significance, extended to women. This is reflected in the traditional wearing of sari over the left shoulder, during formal occasions and the celebration of rites of passage such as Hindu weddings. It was also the norm if a girl
903:
manuscripts. He writes, "Manusmriti was the first Indian legal text introduced to the western world through the translation of Sir
William Jones in 1794". This was based on the Calcutta manuscript with the commentary of Kulluka, which has been assumed to be the reliable vulgate version, and
883:
rite of passage text appears in the middle of a dialogue about
Agnihotra; after the Upanayana verse end, sage Saukeya abruptly returns to the Agnihotra and Uddalaka. Oldenberg states that the Upanayana discussion is likely an insertion into the older text.
514:. They extend to all practical aspects of culture, such as the sculptor, the potter, the perfumer, the wheelwright, the painter, the weaver, the architect, the dancer, and the musician. The training of these began from childhood and included studies about
255:, taking (the child) near the acarya (for instruction), or alternately "introducing to studenthood". It is a ceremony in which a teacher accepts and draws a child towards knowledge and initiates the second birth that is of the young mind and spirit.
614:
rites of passage. A sacred thread was given by the teacher during the initiation to school ceremony and was a symbolic reminder to the student of his purpose at school as well as a social marker of the student as someone who was born a second time
971:
of
Hinduism. Gayatri Mantra marks as an individual's entrance to a school of Hinduism. This ceremony ends after the boy goes for his first alms round to relatives and leave for the guru's ashram. Traditionally, these boys were sent to learn in a
697:
In some regions, in modern times, some girls undergo
Upanayana rite of passage. In ancient and medieval eras, texts such as Harita Dharmasūtras, Aśvālayana Gṛhya Sutra and Yama smrṛti suggest women could begin Vedic studies after Upanayana.
786:, that "required Brāhmaṇas to wear a sacred string at all times", in the Brāhmaṇya literature (Vedic and ancient post-Vedic). Yajñopavīta, textual evidence suggests, is a medieval and modern tradition. However, the term
559:
now marked the beginning of primary education or literacy while
Upanayana went on to refer to spiritual education. The Upanayana can also take place at the student's home for those who are home-schooled. Ceremonial
891:
reviews, as well as other scholars, state that there is high likelihood of interpolation, insertion and corruption in dharma sutras and dharma sastra texts on the
Upanayana-related rite of passage.
395:
The earliest form of this saṁskāra, whose name there are no records of, may have been to mark the acceptance of a person into a particular community. Indologically, the ritual is present in the
518:, culture, reading, writing, mathematics, geometry, colours, tools, as well as traditions and trade secrets. The rites of passage during apprentice education varied in the respective guilds.
1248:
3271:
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ceremony announces that the child had entered into formal education. In the modern era, the Upanayana rite of passage is open to anyone at any age. The Upanayana follows the
539:
Upanayana became an elaborate ceremony, that includes rituals involving the family, the child and the teacher. A boy receives during this ceremony a sacred thread called the
771:
The ancient Saṁskṛta texts offer a diverse view while describing the yajñopavītam or upavita. The term upavita was originally meant to be any upper garment, as stated in
598:
In Hindu traditions, a human being is born at least twice—once at physical birth and second at intellectual birth through teacher's care. The first is marked through the
1094:
Ancient Indian texts assert that the number of the arts is unlimited, but each deploy elements of 64 kalā (कला, techniques) and 32 vidyā (विद्या, fields of knowledge)
451:
meant taking responsibility of a student, the beginning of an education, a student's initiation into "studentship" and the acceptance of the student by the teacher.
807:
method of wearing the upper garment, the latter a reverse and mirror image of former, and suggested to signify rituals for elders/ancestors (for example, funeral).
656:
and other ancient texts state that there is no age restriction and anyone of any age can undertake Upanayanam when they initiate their formal studies of the Vedas.
2828:
Zotter, Christof (2010). "Notes on the Evolution of an Initiation Ritual. The Vratabandha of the Bāhun and Chetri". In Zotter, Astrid; Zotter, Christof (eds.).
2205:
3251:
568:. The spiritual birth would take place four days after the initial Upanayana rituals. It was then that the last ritual was performed, the Medhajanana. The
2671:
3549:
3097:
775:(verse 2.2.4.22–2.2.4.23) or, if the wearer does not want to wear a top, a thread would suffice. The ancient Indian scholar Haradatta states, "
564:
as one of the rituals during Upanayana became important, attaining sizeable proportions. The actual initiation occurred during the recitation of the
2170:
875:
Scholars state that the details and restrictions in the Upanayana ceremony is likely to have been inserted into ancient texts in a more modern era.
212:
ceremony in contemporary times, however this was not always the case. Generally, this ceremony should be performed before the advent of adulthood.
3187:
2914:
2617:
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or Sāvitrī, with the teacher becoming the enabler of the connection between this goddess and the student. The meaning was extended to include
4234:
2122:
3337:
4065:
4509:
2637:
1304:
230:
literally means "the act of leading to or near, bringing", "introduction (into any science)" or "initiation" (as elucidated by
2095:
3542:
3159:
3140:
3119:
3086:
3062:
2998:
2975:
2818:
2794:
2773:
2729:
2681:
2388:
1954:
1727:
1700:
1461:
1303:. Via Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries. At Institute of Indology and Tamil Studies, University of Cologne, Germany. pp.
1232:
1190:
670:
The large variation in age and changes to it over time was to accommodate for the diversity in society and between families.
2923:
701:
Girls who decided to become a student underwent the Upanayana rite of passage, at the age of 8, and thereafter were called
347:
The literal meaning would then become "something worn on the body for the sacrifice". Accoutrements offered along with the
29:. Traditionally, this ritual was for 7, 9, and 11 year olds in South Asia, but is now practiced for all ages as seen above.
572:
or convocation ritual marked the end of the course. The Upanayana became a permanent feature around the Upaniṣad period.
3150:
Kajihara, Mieko (2016), "The Upanayana and the 'Repeated Upanayana(s)'", in Koskikallio, Petteri; Parpola, Asko (eds.),
2947:
A study of the socioreligious ceremony of Upanayana (investiture with sacred thread) in the Sutras and the Dharmasastras
2871:
2740:
2629:
2484:
2462:
2445:
2187:
2070:
1993:
1930:
1180:
967:
This Sanskara involves the participation of entire family and a teacher who then accepts the boy as a disciple in the
667:, entering schools and the formal education process, stating that the Upanayana rite of passage was open to everyone.
434:, Upanayana may have attained a permanent fixture if the life of students to be as compared to being optional before.
4504:
1424:
779:
means a particular mode of wearing the upper garment, and it is not necessary to have the yajñopavīta at all times".
652:(verse 1.1.1.27) places a maximum age limit of 24 for the Upanayana ceremony and start of formal education. However,
2965:
2934:
2232:... boy is invested for the first time with the sacred thread ... the three devis Sarasvati, Savitri and Gayatri ...
374:. A boy during his upanayana ritual. The thin, yellow yajnopavita thread runs from left shoulder to waist. Note the
3535:
2601:
1296:
2424:
2422:
2420:
99:, twice born. It signifies the acquisition of the knowledge of and the start of a new and disciplined life as a
1222:
4519:
4239:
2705:
2417:
3052:
2986:
2510:
1525:
3330:
3152:
Vedic Investigations. Papers of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference held in Helsinki, Finland, 13-18 July 2003
2568:
2211:
1595:
4106:
4058:
3183:
3072:
1073:, the Christian rite of admission and adoption where the person is born again unto spiritual knowledge, as
2765:
Religious Dimensions of Child and Family Life: Reflections on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
4096:
3886:
2163:
103:. According to the given community and its regional language, it is also known by numerous terms such as
4463:
4167:
3012:
2897:"Yajnavalkya Smriti with Commentary of Vijnaneswara called the Mitakshara. The Achara Adhyaya Book 1".
968:
938:
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rite of passage was also important to the teacher, as the student would therefrom begin to live in the
426:
70:
4198:
400:
4514:
4091:
2569:
705:. They wore a thread or upper garment over their left shoulder. Those girls who chose not to go to a
2849:
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garment or thread, state the ancient texts, is from over the left shoulder and under the right arm.
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4111:
4006:
3842:
3323:
2546:
323:
48:
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4397:
4182:
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The education of a student was not limited to ritual and philosophical speculations found in the
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3443:
2554:
2428:
610:
556:
552:
548:
4142:
2661:
2645:
1292:
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231:
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texts of Hinduism and varies regionally. The sacred thread or yajñopavīta (also referred to as
2592:
Religious Thought and Life in India: As based on the Veda and other sacred books of the Hindūs
4265:
4172:
4147:
2804:
772:
752:. According to another tradition, each of the nine threads represents a male deity, such as
275:
which means to tie or bind. The munja grass is tied around the waist. This word was used by
4301:
4213:
4013:
3821:
2625:
491:. It extended to many arts and crafts, which had their own, similar rites of passages. The
252:
21:
8:
4468:
4458:
4280:
4121:
3936:
3691:
3008:
2676:. Dr. Ambedkar Foundation. Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India.
2303:"Sanskrit Commentators and the Transmission of Texts: Haradatta on Āpastamba Dharmasūtra"
1027:
818:
The sacred Yajnopavita is known by many names (varying by region and community), such as
420:
186:
males, ensuring his rights with responsibilities and signifying his advent into adulthood
60:
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4494:
4162:
3239:
3231:
2908:
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93:. Some traditions consider the ceremony as a spiritual rebirth for the child or future
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3259:
3243:
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2903:. Vol. 21. Translated by Vidyarnava, Rai Bahadur Srisa Chandra. Allahabad. 1918.
2867:
2814:
2790:
2769:
2736:
2725:
2710:. Dr Radha Kumar Mukerjee Endowment Lectures No 4. 1949-50-51-52. Lucknow University.
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2183:
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1989:
1950:
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1457:
1420:
1228:
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1082:
876:
493:
405:
314:
39:
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The Great Universe of Kota: Stress, Change, and Mental Disorder in an Indian Village
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1655:
1639:
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783:
686:
497:
2212:
Oldenberg & Muller, The Grihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies 1892
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3570:
3130:
3076:
2861:
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2784:
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2719:
2590:
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2457:
J Sinha (2014), Psycho-Social Analysis of the Indian Mindset, Springer Academic,
2408:
2378:
2225:
1944:
1717:
1690:
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became an intermediary samskāra following the evolution in writing and language.
510:
3350:
4306:
4157:
3660:
3375:
3272:"Veerashaiva seers endorse lesson on Basaveshwara but with a few modifications"
2857:
2751:
1066:
565:
3219:
3110:
Sundareswaran, N. K. (2015). "The upanayana ritual in the Satapathabrahmana".
3026:(3): 591–561 – via Université de Lausanne serveur académique lausannois.
2318:
624:
Many medieval era texts discuss Upanayana in the context of three of the four
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4387:
4244:
4101:
3997:
3558:
3283:
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system of education but in modern times, this act is only done symbolically.
905:
2579:
4442:
4177:
3463:
3417:
3307:
Nearly 500 weavers who took part in making the 'kanduva' and 'jandhyam' ...
3170:
Thinking inside the Ritual Box: The Employment of sāvitrīs in the Upanayana
2182:
C Tripathi (2005), The Evolution of Ideals of Womenhood in Indian Society,
2164:
Starting Vedic Studies - Backed by scripture, girls get their sacred thread
673:
569:
100:
3702:
3527:
2440:
Arun Kumbhare (2009), Women of India: Their Status Since the Vedic Times,
2395:... in Punjabi, zunnar, the sacred Yajñopavītam worn by Brahmin Hindus ...
1055:
53:
4137:
4116:
3990:
3965:
3906:
3680:
3562:
3422:
3412:
3365:
1009:
591:
439:
383:
371:
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3203:
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2334:
2302:
4372:
4321:
3972:
3901:
3615:
3453:
3427:
3407:
2955:
2721:
The Samnyasa Upanisads: Hindu Scriptures on Asceticism and Renunciation
2429:
Oldenberg, The Grihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies (1886)
1077:
marked the initiation of the student for spiritual studies such as the
1021:
900:
896:
681:
677:
487:
379:
276:
4043:
3054:
The Meaning of the Ambedkarite Conversion to Buddhism and Other Essays
2479:
Patrick Olivelle (2004), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press,
2065:
Hartmut Scharfe (2007), Handbook of Oriental Studies, Brill Academic,
1675:
1643:
4341:
4336:
4296:
3960:
3891:
3781:
3724:
3640:
3402:
3370:
3032:
2406:
1000:
961:
741:
645:
633:
600:
471:
452:
444:
375:
179:
74:
3479:
2945:
811:
undertakes the Upanayana ceremony and begins her Vedic studies as a
727:
4432:
4346:
4311:
4027:
3983:
3955:
3925:
3911:
3831:
3791:
3776:
3635:
3578:
3511:
3495:
3458:
3347:
1659:
990:
946:
532:
519:
470:
Gradually, new layers of meaning emerged, such as the inclusion of
464:
193:
90:
922:
3977:
3950:
3811:
3786:
3766:
3734:
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3625:
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1005:
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641:
637:
629:
561:
523:
504:
475:
460:
410:
183:
175:
85:
73:
or rites of passage that marked the acceptance of a student by a
1949:. University of Wisconsin Press, Popular Press. pp. 51–52.
1103:
Scholars place Haradatta to 1100 CE or between 1100 and 1300 CE.
526:
developed the initiation ceremony for students of Āyurveda. The
174:
The Upanayanam ceremony is arguably the most important rite for
4412:
4377:
4260:
4203:
3921:
3916:
3881:
3869:
3859:
3826:
3816:
3751:
3670:
3650:
3588:
3583:
2832:. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 17–44.
2096:"A Village in Bihar, where Girl wear the Sacred Thread 'Janeu'"
1015:
664:
640:. The ceremony was typically performed at age eight among the
515:
431:
268:
208:
Yonya) has become one of the most important identifiers of the
66:
2863:
Hindu Saṁskāras: Socio-religious Study of the Hindu Sacraments
2023:
1968:
1966:
4417:
4402:
4382:
4316:
3945:
3864:
3796:
3756:
3741:
3665:
3630:
3593:
2227:
Festivals of Tamil Nadu: Volume 3 of Peeps into Tamil culture
1797:
1795:
1078:
995:
985:
957:
757:
617:
367:
335:
95:
26:
3386:
418:
Educational courses or training has been referred to in the
4270:
3896:
3836:
3801:
3771:
3711:
3685:
3675:
3655:
3600:
2376:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2249:
2193:
2047:
2035:
1963:
1903:
1482:
753:
456:
79:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
1792:
1770:
1768:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1122:
1120:
736:
For example, among Tamils, each strand is for each of the
583:
575:
Attire includes a daṇḍa or staff and a mekhala or girdle.
4208:
3345:
3252:"Correct textbooks or face agitation, say Lingayat maths"
3172:, 11th International Indology Graduate Research Symposium
2699:. Radha Kumud Mookerji Lectures 1946. Lucknow University.
1999:
1780:
1613:
1383:
1381:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1327:
1325:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1204:
1202:
333:), used as an adjective, which is derived from the terms
2786:
The Upanayana: The Hindu Ceremonies of the Sacred Thread
2696:
Aspects of the Social and Political. System of Manusmrti
2349:
1549:
1547:
1494:
1433:
1310:
1132:
2490:
2468:
2273:
2135:
2011:
1765:
1748:
1506:
1398:
1396:
1349:
1117:
870:
3154:, vol. 1, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 271–296,
2237:
2076:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1736:
1378:
1361:
1337:
1322:
1266:
1199:
328:
3299:"Hyderabad devotees welcome 57-feet tall Ganesh idol"
2571:
The Grihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies
2557:
The Grihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies
1891:
1575:
1544:
2967:
Indian Childhood: Cultural Ideals and Social Reality
1393:
960:, The one who wears the sacred thread are called as
713:(literally, one who marries straight). However, the
2214:, p. 44, Grihya Sutra of Gobhila Verse 2.1.19.
508:genres of literature in Hinduism describe these as
2810:Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist
782:There is no mention of any rule or custom, states
89:, and an individual's initiation into a school in
2830:Hindu and Buddhist Initiations in Nepal and India
2746:Kanitkar, V. P. (Hemant); Cole, W. Owen (2010) .
2380:Death before dying: the Sufi poems of Sultan Bahu
1301:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
1152:"Dr. Shashishekhar Toshkhani: The Literary Works"
309:The sacred thread or upper garment is called the
4486:
382:twig in his right hand marks his entry into the
2588:
2029:
1972:
1596:"Is the Hindu thread ceremony same as baptism?"
2925:Social and Religious Life in the Grihya Sutras
2407:Shashi Ahluwalia, Meenakshi Ahluwalia (1992),
1915:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1454:Upanayana Sandhyavandana And Gayatrimantrajapa
1185:. University of California Press. p. 49.
1175:
899:scholarship about the presumed reliability of
663:, however, also include the fourth varna, the
604:rite of passage; the second is marked through
69:educational sacrament, one of the traditional
4059:
3543:
3331:
3109:
740:, the supreme trinity of the Hindu goddesses
731:Bratopanayan in progress in an Odia household
283:meaning "binding to an observance". The word
192:The tradition is widely discussed in ancient
2745:
2673:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings and Speeches
2199:
1138:
933:In Nepal, a ceremony is held which combines
904:translated repeatedly from Jones in 1794 to
3557:
2223:
2120:
1625:
4066:
4052:
3550:
3536:
3338:
3324:
3128:
3114:. Sukṛtīndra Oriental Research Institute.
3007:
2913:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2758:
2616:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2400:
2377:Sultān Bāhū, Jamal J. Elias (April 1998),
2370:
2217:
1925:(Editors: Mittal and Thursby), Routledge,
1439:
1126:
1069:compares the Upanayana rite of passage to
3186:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3095:
3078:Introduction to Hindu Dharma: Illustrated
3071:
2599:
1715:
1638:
1593:
1500:
1387:
1316:
430:; Gharpure (1956) writes that during the
295:(meaning auspicious thread ceremony) and
3201:
3149:
2936:Change and continuity in Indian religion
2887:
2803:
2714:
2703:
2692:
2669:
2658:
2383:, University of California Press, 1998,
2364:
2300:
2230:, Gandhi Vidyalayam, 1980, p. 127,
2053:
2041:
2017:
1946:Rituals and Patterns in Children's Lives
1909:
1873:
1825:
1813:
1722:. Raymond Burnier. Motilal Banarsidass.
1565:
1476:
1372:
1331:
1288:
1286:
1277:
1030:—Initiation ceremonies for men/women in
1024:, the Apache Native American sacred cord
937:(tonsure, shave the head) and Upanayana
921:
726:
582:
366:
20:
4073:
2644:
2413:, Indian Publishers' Distributors, 1992
2267:
2255:
2243:
2082:
2059:
1942:
1885:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1801:
1742:
1488:
1451:
1414:
1343:
865:
4487:
3034:A critical study of upanayana samskara
3030:
3020:Études Asiatiques / Asiatische Studien
2989:. In Holm, Jean; Bowker, John (eds.).
2856:
2827:
2782:
2638:Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
2496:
2005:
1897:
1786:
1688:
1619:
1581:
1553:
1402:
1220:
912:
409:, as well as a couple of times in the
234:). Upanayana is formed from the root √
25:The Upanayana ceremony in progress in
4047:
3531:
3319:
3129:Flueckiger, Joyce Burkhalter (2015).
3112:Texts and Rituals: Issues in Indology
3050:
2984:
2963:
2943:
2932:
2866:(2nd ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2508:
2502:
1283:
689:of society to undergo the Upanayana.
3167:
3105:, Sumathi Samskriti Trust, Bangalore
2921:
2768:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
2624:
2551:Oxford University Press. 1879-1910.
2288:
2150:
2102:. Biharprabha News. 10 February 2014
1774:
1759:
1644:"Traditions of the Indian Craftsman"
1512:
1355:
1208:
871:Doubts about Upanayanam in old texts
2890:Encyclopedia Of Religion And Ethics
2574:. II. Vol. xxx. Translated by
2511:"Hindu Bratabandha Ceremony, Nepal"
1224:Rituals & Practices of Hinduism
692:
13:
2881:
2693:Aiyangar, K.V. Rangaswami (1949).
2509:Shore, Amanda (26 February 2011).
2121:Jaisinghani, Bella (29 May 2009).
1594:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2 July 2017).
251:disciplined life. As explained by
14:
4531:
2073:, pages 102-103, 197-198, 263-276
1221:Sastry, C. V. (25 January 2022).
246:meaning 'leading to'. The prefix
4138:Arunachal Pradesh (Panchai baja)
3701:
3385:
3037:(Thesis). Mangalore University.
2754:, Hodder Education, Hachette UK.
2589:Monier-Williams, Monier (1891),
2560:. Vol. xxix. Translated by
2123:"Thread ceremony for Thane girl"
1921:Mary McGee (2007), Samskara, in
1648:The Journal of American Folklore
1417:Religious Basis of Hindu Beliefs
720:
578:
551:, the previous rite of passage.
291:. The ceremony is also known as
242:is a noun formed from the root √
2451:
2434:
2294:
2176:
2156:
2114:
2088:
1978:
1943:Jackson, Kathy Merlock (2005).
1936:
1709:
1692:Hinduism and the Religious Arts
1682:
1587:
1518:
1445:
1408:
1097:
1088:
1060:
1044:
1018:, the Zoroastrian sacred thread
3031:Murthy, H V Narasimha (1997).
2950:(Thesis). Gauhati University.
2762:; Cook, Philip Hilton (1996).
2654:. Nand Kishore & Brothers.
2532:
1241:
1214:
1169:
1144:
362:
302:
1:
4510:Objects used in Hindu worship
3204:"Basava's Spiritual Struggle"
3073:Saraswati, Chandrashekarendra
3013:"Svetaketu and the upanayana"
2892:. T&T Clark. p. 323.
2888:Hastings, James, ed. (1914).
2600:Deshpande, Kamalabai (1936).
2410:Living faiths in modern India
2162:V.L. Manjul (December 2002).
1110:
478:and vows among other things.
390:
378:girdle around the waist. The
258:
171:in Tamil (உபநயனம் or பூணூல்).
163:in Malayalam (ഉപനയനമ്), and
3099:Thoughts on Sandhyā Vandanam
2783:Prasad, Ram Chandra (1997).
2307:Journal of Indian Philosophy
1037:
648:, and age 12 among Vaiśyas.
220:
215:
7:
2970:. Oxford University Press.
2724:. Oxford University Press.
1986:Glimpses of Indian Heritage
1249:"Yonya (Janeu Holy Thread)"
979:
329:
143:in Assamese (লগুণ দিওনী),
65:'initiation') is a
54:
10:
4536:
3096:Mahadevan, B (June 2014),
2900:Sacred Books Of The Hindus
2748:Hinduism - An Introduction
2651:Education In Ancient India
2603:The Child in Ancient India
2301:Olivelle, Patrick (1999).
1716:Kramrisch, Stella (1976).
1085:would not compare the two.
287:is a condensed version of
4451:
4365:
4289:
4253:
4227:
4191:
4130:
4079:
4023:
3934:
3852:
3710:
3699:
3569:
3504:
3488:
3472:
3436:
3395:
3382:
3358:
3220:10.1017/S0034412500010118
3168:Haas, Dominik A. (2019),
3135:. John Wiley & Sons.
2707:Teachings of Dharmasastra
2670:Ambedkar, B. R. (2019) .
1695:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1532:. Oxford University Press
1415:Dwivedi, Bhojraj (2014).
1179:; Kapur, Ravi L. (1976).
926:At Upanayana ceremony of
318:
267:, derived from two words
206:Pūṇūl, Muñja and Janivara
43:
4505:Hindu religious clothing
4007:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
3202:Samartha, M. P. (1977).
3182:: CS1 maint: location (
2704:Gharpure, J. R. (1956).
2659:Ambedkar, B. R. (1947).
2634:History of Dharmasastras
2547:Sacred Books of the East
2487:, pages 353-354, 356-382
2224:Arunachalam, M. (1980),
2200:Kanitkar & Cole 2010
1689:Elgood, Heather (2000).
1419:. Diamond Pocket Books.
1139:Kanitkar & Cole 2010
917:
4158:Kerala (Kettu Kalyanam)
3517:Pumsavana Simantonayana
3305:. PTI. 25 August 2017.
2944:Barua, Bharati (1975).
2813:. Motilal Banarsidass.
2789:. Motilal Banarsidass.
2646:Altekar, Anant Sadashiv
2319:10.1023/A:1004636609126
1456:. Ramakrishna Mission.
889:History of Dharmasastra
279:. Another variation is
271:, a type of grass, and
263:A popular variation is
2964:Kakar, Sudhir (1979).
2636:. Vol. 2 Part 1.
1440:Coward & Cook 1996
1127:Coward & Cook 1996
969:Guru–shishya tradition
930:
820:Bratabandha, Janivaara
732:
659:Several texts such as
644:, at age 11 among the
595:
387:
147:in Nepali (ब्रतबन्ध),
30:
4520:Hinduism and children
3081:. World Wisdom, Inc.
3057:. Popular Prakashan.
3051:Kadam, K. N. (1997).
2993:. Pinter Publishers.
2985:Flood, Gavin (1994).
2805:Mookerji, Radha Kumud
2662:Who Were the Shudras?
2626:Kane, Pandurang Vaman
1570:Preceptors Classified
1253:www.kashmiribazaar.in
925:
773:Apastamba Dharmasūtra
730:
685:encouraged the three
650:Apastamba Gryha Sutra
586:
370:
159:in Telugu (ఉపనయనము),
131:in Konkani (मुंजी),
127:in Marathi (मुंजा),
107:in Kashmiri (मेखल),
24:
16:Hindu rite of passage
4322:Gaye holud (Bengali)
4302:Balle Mallarada Puje
4219:Sri Lanka (Buddhist)
4131:By region or culture
3196:Basava and Upanayana
3009:Bronkhorst, Johannes
2030:Monier-Williams 1891
1973:Monier-Williams 1891
1452:Harshananda, Swami.
1177:Carstairs, G. Morris
895:notes the doubts in
866:Scholarly commentary
155:in Kannada (ಉಪನಯನ),
139:in Odia (ବ୍ରତଘର),
123:in Bhojpuri (जनेव),
115:in Gujrati (જાનોઇ),
4074:South Asian wedding
2640:. pp. 268–287.
2258:, p. 276, 296.
2173:on 15 January 2021.
1491:, p. 294, 297.
1358:, pp. 268–269.
1211:, pp. 268–287.
1028:Bar and Bat Mitzvah
1012:initiation ceremony
913:Regional variations
661:Suśruta Sūtrasthāna
654:Gautama Gṛyha Sūtra
443:, and later in the
238:meaning 'to lead'.
151:in Newari (छेवार),
111:in Punjabi (ਜਨੇਓ),
3353:(rites of passage)
2939:. Mouton & Co.
2922:Apte, VM (1959) .
2576:Oldenberg, Hermann
2562:Oldenberg, Hermann
2539:(arranged by year)
2291:, p. 290-293.
2270:, p. 296-297.
2153:, p. 293-295.
2128:The Times of India
2056:, p. 270-271.
2044:, p. 174-177.
2008:, p. 111-117.
1912:, p. 178-179.
1804:, p. 266-267.
1789:, p. 119-131.
1777:, p. 288-300.
1762:, p. 268-287.
1622:, p. 115-116.
1568:, p. 71, 74,
1515:, p. 279-287.
931:
733:
676:texts such as the
596:
588:Upanayana Samskara
421:Chandogya Upaniṣad
388:
135:in Bangla (পৈতৈ),
119:in Sindhi (जन्य),
31:
4482:
4481:
4041:
4040:
3525:
3524:
3208:Religious Studies
3161:978-81-208-4030-0
3142:978-1-4051-6021-6
3132:Everyday Hinduism
3121:978-93-83846-05-4
3088:978-1-933316-48-2
3064:978-81-7154-810-1
3000:978-0-567-31072-9
2977:978-0-19-561199-1
2933:Gonda, J (1965).
2820:978-81-208-0423-4
2796:978-81-208-1240-6
2775:978-1-55058-104-1
2731:978-0-19-536137-7
2716:Olivelle, Patrick
2683:978-93-5109-178-3
2665:. Thacker and Co.
2595:, J. Murray, 1891
2540:
2515:inTravel Magazine
2390:978-0-520-21242-8
1956:978-0-299-20830-1
1729:978-81-208-0223-0
1702:978-0-8264-9865-6
1640:Kramrisch, Stella
1463:978-81-7823-453-3
1234:978-93-93029-12-6
1192:978-0-520-03024-4
1083:Devdutt Pattanaik
941:locally known as
877:Hermann Oldenberg
628:(caste, class) —
494:Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
472:goddess Sarasvatī
427:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
351:may include be a
327:
64:
52:
4527:
4515:Rites of passage
4068:
4061:
4054:
4045:
4044:
3705:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3389:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3287:
3267:
3247:
3191:
3181:
3173:
3164:
3146:
3125:
3106:
3104:
3092:
3068:
3046:
3027:
3017:
3004:
2991:Rites of Passage
2981:
2959:
2940:
2929:
2918:
2912:
2904:
2893:
2877:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2824:
2800:
2779:
2755:
2735:
2711:
2700:
2687:
2666:
2655:
2641:
2630:"VII. Upanayana"
2621:
2615:
2607:
2596:
2583:
2565:
2538:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2506:
2500:
2499:, p. 23-24.
2494:
2488:
2477:
2466:
2455:
2449:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2347:
2346:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2180:
2174:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2133:
2132:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1984:Raman Varadara,
1982:
1976:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1940:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1763:
1757:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1719:The Hindu Temple
1713:
1707:
1706:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1654:(281): 224–230.
1636:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1530:Oxford Reference
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1307:(print edition).
1290:
1281:
1275:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1156:www.ikashmir.net
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1064:
1058:
1048:
893:Patrick Olivelle
784:Patrick Olivelle
693:Gender and women
543:to be worn. The
455:could include a
339:(sacrifice) and
332:
322:
320:
59:
57:
47:
45:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4500:Brahmin culture
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4447:
4438:Wedding mandapa
4361:
4352:Shakunamanojaya
4332:Mangala Ashtaka
4327:Kankana Dharane
4285:
4249:
4223:
4187:
4143:Bengal (Muslim)
4126:
4075:
4072:
4042:
4037:
4033:Hindu mythology
4019:
3930:
3848:
3706:
3697:
3565:
3556:
3526:
3521:
3500:
3484:
3468:
3432:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3354:
3344:
3313:
3297:
3278:. 6 June 2022.
3270:
3250:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3143:
3122:
3102:
3089:
3065:
3047:via Shodhganga.
3015:
3001:
2978:
2960:via Shodhganga.
2928:. Popular Book.
2906:
2905:
2896:
2884:
2882:Further reading
2874:
2858:Pandey, Rajbali
2845:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2821:
2797:
2776:
2732:
2684:
2609:
2608:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2478:
2469:
2456:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2418:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2375:
2371:
2367:, p. 9-10.
2363:
2350:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2181:
2177:
2168:Hinduism Today.
2161:
2157:
2149:
2136:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1933:, pages 332–356
1923:The Hindu World
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1637:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1499:
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1487:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1293:Monier-Williams
1291:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1227:. Zorba Books.
1219:
1215:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1065:
1061:
1049:
1045:
1040:
982:
920:
915:
873:
868:
803:contrasts with
725:
695:
621:, twice born).
590:in progress in
581:
393:
365:
307:
281:vratabandha(na)
261:
232:Monier-Williams
225:
218:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4533:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
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4453:
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4448:
4446:
4445:
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4425:
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4410:
4405:
4400:
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4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
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4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4307:Vadhu Pravesha
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4281:Stealing shoes
4278:
4273:
4268:
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4251:
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4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4173:Sikkim (Limbu)
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:Bengal (Hindu)
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4071:
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4063:
4056:
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4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
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4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3987:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3942:
3940:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3505:Related topics
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3376:Sīmantonnayana
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3268:
3248:
3214:(3): 335–347.
3198:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3165:
3160:
3147:
3141:
3126:
3120:
3107:
3093:
3087:
3069:
3063:
3048:
3028:
3005:
2999:
2982:
2976:
2961:
2941:
2930:
2919:
2894:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:978-8120803961
2872:
2854:
2825:
2819:
2801:
2795:
2780:
2774:
2760:Coward, Harold
2756:
2752:Teach Yourself
2743:
2741:978-0195070453
2730:
2712:
2701:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2656:
2642:
2622:
2597:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2566:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2501:
2489:
2485:978-0195171464
2467:
2463:978-8132218036
2450:
2446:978-1440156007
2433:
2431:, p. 7-8.
2416:
2399:
2389:
2369:
2348:
2293:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2246:, p. 298.
2236:
2216:
2204:
2202:, p. 217.
2192:
2188:978-8178354255
2175:
2155:
2134:
2113:
2087:
2085:, p. 273.
2075:
2071:978-9004125568
2058:
2046:
2034:
2032:, p. 360.
2022:
2020:, p. 174.
2010:
1998:
1994:978-8171547586
1977:
1962:
1955:
1935:
1931:978-0415772273
1914:
1902:
1900:, p. 123.
1890:
1888:, p. 287.
1878:
1866:
1864:, p. 281.
1854:
1852:, p. 278.
1842:
1840:, p. 280.
1830:
1818:
1806:
1791:
1779:
1764:
1747:
1745:, p. 290.
1735:
1728:
1708:
1701:
1681:
1660:10.2307/538558
1624:
1612:
1586:
1584:, p. 112.
1574:
1558:
1556:, p. 115.
1543:
1517:
1505:
1503:, p. 161.
1501:Deshpande 1936
1493:
1481:
1469:
1462:
1444:
1432:
1425:
1407:
1392:
1388:Deshpande 1936
1377:
1360:
1348:
1346:, p. 275.
1336:
1321:
1319:, p. 159.
1317:Deshpande 1936
1309:
1282:
1280:, p. 158.
1265:
1240:
1233:
1213:
1198:
1191:
1168:
1143:
1131:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1067:Rajbali Pandey
1059:
1052:Uddālaka Āruṇi
1042:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
981:
978:
919:
916:
914:
911:
872:
869:
867:
864:
724:
719:
694:
691:
580:
577:
566:Gāyatrī Mantra
392:
389:
386:stage of life.
364:
361:
355:(staff) and a
306:
301:
293:punal kalyanam
265:Mauñjibandhana
260:
257:
224:
219:
217:
214:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4532:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Mangala sutra
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4266:Dahej (dowry)
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:India (Hindu)
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3998:Bhagavad Gita
3995:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:Other deities
3851:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3559:Hindu deities
3553:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3341:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3303:The Asian Age
3300:
3296:
3295:
3292:News articles
3291:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2987:"3. Hinduism"
2983:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2839:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2366:
2365:Olivelle 1992
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2054:Mookerji 2003
2050:
2043:
2042:Mookerji 2003
2038:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2018:Mookerji 2003
2014:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1910:Mookerji 2003
1906:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1876:, p. 75.
1875:
1874:Gharpure 1956
1870:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1828:, p. 79.
1827:
1826:Gharpure 1956
1822:
1815:
1814:Aiyangar 1949
1810:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1616:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1566:Gharpure 1956
1562:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1477:Ambedkar 1947
1473:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1442:, p. 71.
1441:
1436:
1428:
1426:9789351650928
1422:
1418:
1411:
1405:, p. 17.
1404:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1375:, p. 70.
1374:
1373:Gharpure 1956
1369:
1367:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1334:, p. 71.
1333:
1332:Gharpure 1956
1328:
1326:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1279:
1278:Ambedkar 1947
1274:
1272:
1270:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1129:, p. 67.
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1100:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1050:The story of
1047:
1043:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
977:
975:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
924:
910:
907:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:Kane, in his
885:
882:
878:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
808:
806:
802:
796:
794:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
769:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
729:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
690:
688:
684:
683:
679:
675:
671:
668:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
619:
613:
612:
607:
603:
602:
593:
589:
585:
579:Age and varna
576:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:
511:Śilpa Śāstras
507:
506:
501:
499:
495:
490:
489:
484:
479:
477:
473:
468:
467:, and ṛtvik.
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:Sutras period
442:
441:
435:
433:
429:
428:
423:
422:
416:
414:
413:
408:
407:
406:Dharmaśāstras
402:
398:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:
331:
325:
316:
312:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
256:
254:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
223:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
81:
76:
72:
68:
62:
56:
50:
41:
37:
36:
28:
23:
19:
4443:Wedding sari
4427:
4356:
4271:Mahr (dower)
4178:Tamil (Iyer)
4012:
4005:
3996:
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3907:Gramadevatas
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2239:
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2207:
2195:
2178:
2167:
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2104:. Retrieved
2099:
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2061:
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2037:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1985:
1980:
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1938:
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1599:
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1529:
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1351:
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1252:
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1159:. Retrieved
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812:
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800:
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702:
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672:
669:
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658:
653:
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616:
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549:Vidyārambhaṃ
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531:
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503:
492:
486:
482:
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432:Smṛti period
425:
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401:Dharmasūtras
394:
384:Brahmacharya
356:
352:
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340:
334:
330:yajñopavītam
310:
308:
303:
297:Brahmopadeśa
296:
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104:
101:brahmāchārya
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77:, such as a
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33:
32:
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4464:Photography
4240:Inter-caste
4209:Nepal (Ihi)
4122:Zoroastrian
4080:By religion
3991:Mahabharata
3902:Kuladevatas
3681:Vishvakarma
3464:Samāvartana
3444:Vidyārambha
3437:Educational
3418:Annaprāśana
3366:Garbhādhāna
2956:10603/67755
2846:|work=
2580:Müller, Max
2533:Works cited
2497:Zotter 2010
2106:10 February
2006:Pandey 2013
1898:Pandey 2013
1787:Prasad 1997
1620:Pandey 2013
1582:Pandey 2013
1554:Pandey 2013
1526:"upanayana"
1403:Zotter 2010
1010:Zoroastrian
952:= promise,
943:Bratabandha
935:choodakarma
848:Yajnopavita
805:Pracinavīta
801:yajñopavīta
788:yajnopavita
722:Yajnopavita
611:Vidyārambha
592:West Bengal
545:yajnopavita
541:yajnopavita
447:, the word
440:Atharvaveda
424:and in the
397:Gṛhyasūtras
380:peepal tree
376:muñja grass
372:South India
363:Description
349:yajnopavita
319:यज्ञोपवीतम्
311:yajñopavīta
304:Yajnopavita
157:upanayanamu
145:bratabandha
141:logun dioni
4489:Categories
4254:Traditions
4199:Bangladesh
4192:By country
3973:Upanishads
3892:Gandharvas
3616:Dattatreya
3454:Vedārāmbha
3428:Karṇavedha
3423:Cūḍākaraṇa
3413:Niṣkramaṇa
3408:Nāmakaraṇa
3403:Jātakarman
2313:(6): 570.
1258:7 February
1161:7 February
1111:References
1022:Izze-kloth
897:postmodern
852:Yagyopavit
715:Sadyovadhu
711:Sadyovadhu
682:Gṛhyasūtra
678:Baudhāyana
606:Upanayanam
601:Jatakarman
536:(school).
453:Preceptors
391:Background
359:(girdle).
259:Variations
165:upanayanam
161:upanayanam
137:brataghara
4495:Samskaras
4428:Upanayana
4393:Nose ring
4357:Upanayana
4342:Saptapadi
4337:Parikrama
4312:Bou Bhaat
4297:Kanyadana
4097:Christian
3912:Rakshasas
3782:Mahavidya
3725:Saraswati
3712:Goddesses
3641:Kartikeya
3449:Upanayana
3396:Childhood
3371:Puṁsavana
3359:Pre-natal
3351:Saṃskāras
3284:0971-751X
3276:The Hindu
3264:0971-751X
3256:The Hindu
3244:170976283
3228:0034-4125
2909:cite book
2848:ignored (
2838:cite book
2612:cite book
2448:, page 56
2343:189820541
2327:0022-1791
2289:Kane 1941
2190:, page 94
2151:Kane 1941
1996:, page 51
1775:Kane 1941
1760:Kane 1941
1668:0021-8715
1513:Kane 1941
1356:Kane 1941
1297:upanayana
1209:Kane 1941
1075:Upanayana
1056:Śvetaketu
1038:Footnotes
1001:Tagadhari
962:Tagadhari
901:Manusmṛti
881:Upanayana
793:Upanayana
742:Sarasvatī
646:Kṣatriyas
642:Brāhmaṇas
634:Kṣatriyas
630:Brāhmaṇas
528:Upanayana
488:Upaniṣads
465:upādhyāya
449:Upanayana
324:romanized
228:Upanayana
222:Upanayana
216:Etymology
210:Upanayana
153:upanayana
75:preceptor
71:saṃskāras
55:upanayana
49:romanized
35:Upanayana
4474:Websites
4433:Varamala
4347:Satphere
4235:Arranged
4214:Pakistan
4092:Buddhist
4028:Hinduism
3984:Ramayana
3926:Yakshini
3832:Shashthi
3792:Matrikas
3777:Mahadevi
3579:Trimurti
3512:Nishekam
3496:Antyeṣṭi
3473:Marriage
3258:. 2022.
3236:20005425
3178:citation
3075:(2008).
3011:(1996).
2860:(2013).
2807:(2003).
2718:(1992).
2648:(1944).
2628:(1941).
2606:. Poona.
2465:, page 5
2335:23496389
2171:Archived
1642:(1958).
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991:Upakarma
980:See also
974:gurukula
954:bandhana
947:Sanskrit
939:saṃskāra
828:Jandhyam
707:gurukula
594:, India.
533:gurukula
485:and the
476:Vedāngas
412:Saṃhitās
315:Sanskrit
273:bandhana
202:Jandhyam
194:Samskṛta
180:Kṣatriya
176:Brāhmaṇa
91:Hinduism
40:Sanskrit
4378:Bangles
4290:Rituals
4168:Punjabi
4107:Islamic
3978:Puranas
3966:Atharva
3935:Texts (
3922:Yakshas
3917:Vahanas
3887:Dikpāla
3860:Apsaras
3812:Rukmini
3787:Matangi
3735:Parvati
3730:Lakshmi
3720:Tridevi
3646:Krishna
3626:Hanuman
3621:Ganesha
3611:Chandra
3606:Ashvins
3459:Keśānta
2582:. 1892.
2564:. 1886.
1605:14 June
1600:Devdutt
1536:22 June
1071:Baptism
1032:Judaism
1006:Navjote
928:Nepalis
906:Doniger
791:or for
762:Chandra
750:Pārvatī
738:Tridevī
638:Vaiśyas
524:Charaka
520:Suśruta
505:Purāṇas
461:ācharya
437:In the
357:mekhala
341:upavīta
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3870:Daitya
3865:Asuras
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3817:Sanjna
3807:Rohini
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3671:Varuna
3661:Shasta
3651:Kubera
3589:Vishnu
3584:Brahma
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626:varnas
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498:Āgamas
343:(worn)
240:Nayana
184:Vaiśya
182:, and
149:chewar
113:jaanoi
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4469:Songs
4452:Other
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4398:Palki
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4366:Items
4317:Gauna
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4228:Types
4102:Hindu
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3762:Ganga
3757:Durga
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3631:Indra
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3563:texts
3348:Hindu
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3103:(PDF)
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353:daṇḍa
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269:muñja
198:Janeu
133:poite
129:munji
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117:janya
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