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438:, the university population will disproportionately burden parts of the local public infrastructure, such as roads or law enforcement. Some analysts argue that students relieve the burden on other parts of the local public infrastructure, such as local primary and secondary schools, by far the most costly line item in most North American city and town budgets, by providing tax revenues through local sales tax and property tax paid by landlords. When a university expands its facilities, the potential loss of property tax revenue is thus a concern, in addition to local desire to preserve open space or historic neighborhoods.
333:. The economy of the city is closely related with the university activity and highly supported by the entire university structure, which may include university hospitals and clinics, printing houses, libraries, laboratories, business incubators, student rooms, dining halls, students' unions, student societies, and academic festivities. Moreover, the history of the city is often intertwined with that of the university. Many European university towns have not merely been important places of science and education, but also centres of political, cultural and social influence throughout the centuries. As an example of this,
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427:. It may be due to university enrollment expanding beyond the capacity of on-campus housing, inadequate zoning enforcement, and/or student culture. Neighborhood associations may work to limit conversion of family homes to student rentals, while some local residents may oppose the construction of large on-campus dormitories or expansion of
409:, the large and transient university population may come into conflict with other townspeople. Students may come from outside the area, and perhaps subscribe to a different—sometimes radically different—culture. Most students are young people, whose living habits may be different from older people.
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As a result, local people may resent the university and its students. The students, in turn, may criticize the local residents' taking jobs at the university provided by student tuition and fees, and accepting the tax revenues (e.g. local sales tax, property tax on rented properties) that students
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Colleges and other developers began building purpose-built off-campus student housing areas in the 1970s in more college towns. Beginning around 2000 in the United States, nationwide real estate investment trusts (REIT) and publicly traded corporations began developing student housing complexes.
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Student housing is also an important component of college towns. In the United States most state universities have 50 percent or more of their enrolled students living off-campus. This trend, which began in the 1960s, originally meant the conversion of near campus single-family homes to student
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clustered, or the residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the presence of the educational institution(s) pervades economic and social life. Many local residents may be employed by the university—which may be the largest employer in the
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have led the development of neighborhoods in college towns by specifically capitalizing on their proximity to university life. For instance, some universities have developed properties to allow faculty and staff members to walk to work, reducing demand for limited on-campus parking;
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college town often has many people in non-traditional lifestyles and subcultures and with a high tolerance for unconventionality in general, and has a very active musical or cultural scene. Many have become centres of technological research and innovative
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Although the concept of a university town has developed since the
European Middle Ages, equivalents already existed in earlier times and in non-European cultures. For example, in later Classical times the city of
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Another notable development since the 1990s is the surge in popularity of retirees relocating to college towns. Retirees are attracted to these locations because of cultural and educational opportunities,
239:, England, a prototypical example of a university town. There is no central campus; rather, university buildings are scattered around the city between shops, such as those at centre right of the picture.
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491:'s Trinity Heights development is a key example. In many cases, developers have built communities where access to the university (even if not directly adjacent) is promoted as an advantage.
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Uwe Marx "Die besten GrĂĽnder-Unis in
Deutschland" In: FAZ 10 November 2018; Filippo Santelli: Start up, sono Trento e Trieste le capitali dell'innovazione. In: La Repubblica 25 April 2014.
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Kemp, Roger L. "Town & Gown
Relations: A Handbook of Best Practices," McFarland and Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, and London, England, UK (2013). (
423:"Studentification", in which a growing student population move in large numbers to traditionally non-student neighborhoods, may be perceived as a form of invasion or
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above that of the region. It is common for university employees to commute from surrounding areas, finding the cost of living in town too expensive.
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generate, but resenting students' lifestyles. Some students refer to other inhabitants as "townies", a term with somewhat derogatory connotations.
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community—many businesses cater primarily to the university, and the student population may outnumber the local population.
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Fraternity Row, the
Student Ghetto, and the Faculty Enclave: Characteristic Residential Districts in the American College Town
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The demand for housing from students, faculty, staff, and retirees kept college town home prices stable during the
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in college towns. In some cases the communities have developed formal relationships with the local institution.
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Pierre
Bourdieu, Monique de Saint Martin, "La Noblesse d’État. Grandes écoles et esprit de corps" (Paris) 1989.
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In the US, educational institutions are often exempted from local taxes, so in the absence of a system for
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377:– had many of the characteristics of a university town, and is sometimes called such by modern scholars.
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Christian Cwik, Michael Zeuske "Rettet die Unis und die Unistädte", In: science-ORF 14 June 2020.
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While noise, traffic, and other quality of life issues have not been resolved, some advocates of
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population. The university may be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as
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Economically, the high spending power of the university and of its students in aggregate may
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Stadium
Culture: College Athletics and the Making of Place in the American College Town
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357:. Universities with start-up centers can be large cities like
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Besides a highly educated and largely transient population, a
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also illustrates the course of educational history with the
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37:"University town" redirects here. For other uses, see
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27:Community dominated by its university population
653:"Small College Towns and Work / Family Balance"
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160:The examples and perspective in this article
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554:housing market downturn that began in 2005
525:events, good medical facilities (often at
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429:fraternity and sorority
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742:93:1, January 2003.
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253:Ivy League
100:references
64:improve it
533:), a low
507:Cambridge
469:Sackville
176:talk page
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560:See also
355:startups
341:and the
339:Sorbonne
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170:You may
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363:Trieste
113:improve
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359:Munich
327:Europe
308:Kuopio
237:Oxford
102:, but
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