384:
39:
755:
English remains the dominant language of international business and global communication through the influence of global media and the former
British Empire that had established the use of English in regions around the world such as North America, Africa, Australia and New Zealand. However, English
143:
for communication between groups speaking different primary languages. In other conceptions, it may be the primary language of all speakers, or the only existing language. Some religious and mythological traditions state that there was once a single universal language among all people, or shared
699:. It was assumed that education inevitably took people away from an innate state of goodness they possessed, and therefore there was an attempt to see what language a human child brought up in utter silence would speak. This was assumed to be the Edenic tongue, or at least the
138:
may refer to a hypothetical or historical language spoken and understood by all or most of the world's people. In some contexts, it refers to a means of communication said to be understood by all humans. It may be the idea of an
492:
Europe. In the early 17th century some believed that a universal language would facilitate greater unity among mankind largely due to the subsequent spread of religion, specifically
Christianity, as espoused in the works of
1489:
624:
673:
364:
in Greek myth. Other myths describe the creation of different languages as concurrent with the creation of different tribes of people, or due to supernatural events.
796:
519:(1994) p. 174) "The Renaissance had no single view of Adamic language and its relation to human understanding." The question was more exactly posed in the work of
1856:
756:
is not the only language used in major international organizations, because many countries do not recognize
English as a universal language. For instance, the
664:
of the projector as much as the project. The argument takes the universal language itself no more seriously than the ideas of the speculative scientists and
356:
Myths exist in other cultures describing the creation of multiple languages as an act of a god as well, such as the destruction of a 'knowledge tree' by
534:, a concept that gradually came to replace that of a rationalized Latin as the natural basis for a projected universal language. Leibniz conceived of a
1025:
1898:
706:
Others attempted to find a common linguistic ancestor to all tongues; there were, therefore, multiple attempts to relate esoteric languages to
1878:
546:), an "algebra" capable of expressing all conceptual thought. This algebra would include rules for symbolic manipulation, what he called a
994:
1947:
304:
refers to the idea that all spoken human languages are descended from a single ancestral language spoken many thousands of years ago.
1603:
787:
The early ideas of a universal language with complete conceptual classification by categories is still debated on various levels.
1883:
1842:
456:
103:
1888:
507:
was a natural wish in light of the gradual decline of Latin. Literature in vernacular languages became more prominent with the
428:
75:
973:
1903:
1873:
330:
Various religious texts, myths, and legends describe a state of humanity in which originally only one language was spoken.
435:
82:
1018:
405:
56:
27:
579:. Descartes's ambitions were far more modest than Leibniz's, and also far more successful, as shown by his wedding of
1893:
1849:
475:
122:
442:
413:
89:
1115:
1065:
592:
504:
140:
1957:
1623:
1011:
939:
424:
409:
71:
60:
1921:
1916:
313:
1295:
536:
1432:
965:
814:
660:, with the choice of name clearly putting universal language in his sights, but satirizing mainly the
1952:
1926:
561:
301:
151:
In other traditions, there is less interest in or a general deflection of the question. The written
1325:
1070:
988:
394:
16:
Hypothetical language that is supposed to have been spoken by all or most of the world's population
1185:
719:
398:
49:
449:
96:
1655:
1092:
854:
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on a firmer basis by reducing much of it to a matter of calculation that many could grasp. The
373:
297:
602:
Other 17th-century proposals for a 'philosophical' (i.e. universal) language include those by
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1358:
1140:
1082:
548:
325:
1789:
1404:
1370:
1245:
1034:
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737:
542:
531:
346:
1673:
8:
1424:
1387:
1155:
1077:
685:
695:
In the 18th century, some rationalist natural philosophers sought to recover a supposed
488:
Recognizable strands in the contemporary ideas on universal languages took form only in
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1693:
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can be found many elements relating to a possible universal language, specifically a
527:
511:. Over the course of the 18th century, learned works largely ceased to be written in
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152:
1630:
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This article is about a universally used language. For a widespread language, see
1835:
1583:
1563:
1462:
1240:
959:
788:
773:
711:
707:
696:
676:. For the like-minded of Voltaire's generation, universal language was tarred as
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607:
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321:
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1135:
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909:
809:
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669:
576:
342:
279:
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20:
497:. But there were ideas of a universal language apart from religion as well. A
1941:
1828:
1822:
1734:
1528:
1437:
1305:
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1058:
879:
824:
520:
499:
263:
237:
1784:
1265:
1160:
889:
741:
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619:
489:
338:
255:
145:
987:
1744:
1739:
1494:
1414:
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1220:
1203:
1191:
1130:
983:
749:
745:
689:
508:
286:
267:
259:
229:
1003:
1714:
1280:
1170:
1608:
1573:
1315:
961:
Universal
Languages and Scientific Taxonomy in the Seventeenth Century
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1145:
864:
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233:
225:
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201:
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383:
38:
1724:
1640:
1618:
1553:
1452:
1397:
1363:
1333:
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1285:
1270:
1150:
819:
661:
653:
584:
572:
221:
217:
185:
173:
1598:
1558:
567:
Leibniz's work is bracketed by some earlier mathematical ideas of
1804:
1749:
1668:
1645:
1593:
1447:
1380:
1338:
644:
580:
307:
160:
236:, were literary languages for many for whom they were not their
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1635:
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1538:
1484:
1474:
1275:
1235:
894:
792:
761:
649:
361:
357:
736:
The constructed language movement produced such languages as
625:
An Essay towards a Real
Character and a Philosophical Language
285:
In a more practical fashion, trade languages, such as ancient
155:
is still read widely but pronounced differently by readers in
1794:
1719:
1353:
1310:
1300:
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839:
512:
244:
213:
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1754:
1409:
1125:
874:
834:
334:
197:
349:" (the splintering of numerous languages from an original
1165:
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for a broad-based culture. In something of the same way
940:
791:
believed such classifications to be subjective, citing
1857:
La
Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
797:
Celestial
Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge's Taxonomy
517:
Origin and
Authority in Seventeenth-Century England
63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1939:
293:universal language, that was used for commerce.
503:or trade language was nothing very new; but an
360:in Indic tradition, or as a gift from the God
308:Mythological and religious universal languages
1019:
412:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1026:
1012:
1033:
957:
476:Learn how and when to remove this message
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
254:) was in effect a universal language of
1843:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
367:
1940:
628:, 1668). The classification scheme in
595:have not brought Leibniz's dream of a
1007:
982:
410:adding citations to reliable sources
377:
61:adding citations to reliable sources
32:
943:, New York: Storm Publishers, 1951.
28:Universal language (disambiguation)
13:
636:ultimately derives from Wilkins's
14:
1969:
1948:International auxiliary languages
1850:In the Land of Invented Languages
725:
692:, as futile and arid directions.
718:), as well as the beginnings of
593:symbolic artificial intelligence
505:international auxiliary language
382:
141:international auxiliary language
37:
950:
48:needs additional citations for
928:
571:, and the satirical attack of
1:
1922:List of constructed languages
921:
587:to yield what we now know as
515:. According to Colton Booth (
799:as an illustrative example.
353:) as a punishment from God.
314:Mythical origins of language
7:
989:"Universal Languages"
802:
537:characteristica universalis
289:, may be seen as a kind of
10:
1974:
966:Cambridge University Press
729:
371:
341:beliefs, the story of the
311:
262:, and the language of the
153:Classical Chinese language
25:
18:
1927:List of language creators
1912:
1866:
1815:
1767:
1707:
1508:
1423:
1324:
1114:
1103:
1041:
958:Slaughter, M. M. (1982).
656:, took aim at Leibniz as
591:. Decades of research on
562:alphabet of human thought
171:; for centuries it was a
599:any closer to fruition.
526:In the vast writings of
270:, which covered most of
1899:Interlingue/Interlingua
1066:International auxiliary
995:Encyclopædia Britannica
720:comparative linguistics
680:with the same brush as
345:tells of a consequent "
1958:Language and mysticism
1604:Middle-earth languages
855:Global language system
552:. His goal was to put
374:Philosophical language
298:historical linguistics
1879:Esperanto/Interlingua
1780:Esperanto orthography
1359:Pan-Germanic language
1141:Communicationssprache
1035:Constructed languages
730:Further information:
549:calculus ratiocinator
372:Further information:
326:Language of the birds
1371:Pan-Romance language
1246:Latino sine flexione
900:Universal translator
885:Somatosensory system
760:use six languages —
738:Latino sine flexione
610:(possibly parodic),
543:mathesis universalis
532:constructed language
425:"Universal language"
406:improve this section
368:Early modern history
347:confusion of tongues
72:"Universal language"
57:improve this article
26:For other uses, see
1388:Pan-Slavic language
686:intellectual rigour
1775:Constructed script
1251:Lingua Franca Nova
1231:International Sign
860:International Sign
560:would build on an
136:Universal language
1935:
1934:
1790:Tolkien's scripts
1763:
1762:
1480:Logopandecteision
1443:Dutton Speedwords
1376:Neolatino Romance
1256:Lingwa de planeta
975:978-0-521-24477-0
915:Whistled language
905:Universal grammar
845:Facial expression
830:Bouba/kiki effect
589:analytic geometry
528:Gottfried Leibniz
486:
485:
478:
460:
133:
132:
125:
107:
1965:
1953:Interlinguistics
1884:Esperanto/Novial
1708:Ritual and other
1549:Elvish languages
1470:Lingua generalis
1458:Astrolinguistics
1112:
1111:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1005:
1004:
999:
998:(11th ed.).
991:
979:
944:
932:
688:, and universal
481:
474:
470:
467:
461:
459:
418:
386:
378:
243:Comparably, the
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65:
41:
33:
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1972:
1968:
1967:
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1963:
1962:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1908:
1889:Ido/Interlingua
1862:
1836:Bridge of Words
1811:
1759:
1703:
1513:
1504:
1419:
1320:
1241:Langue nouvelle
1117:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1037:
1032:
1002:
976:
953:
948:
947:
935:Gode, Alexander
933:
929:
924:
919:
805:
789:Michel Foucault
734:
728:
697:Edenic language
612:George Dalgarno
608:Thomas Urquhart
604:Francis Lodwick
597:characteristica
558:characteristica
482:
471:
465:
462:
419:
417:
403:
387:
376:
370:
351:Adamic language
328:
322:Divine language
318:Adamic language
312:Main articles:
310:
276:Northern Europe
266:in the area of
210:South-East Asia
129:
118:
112:
109:
66:
64:
54:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1971:
1961:
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1932:
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1919:
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1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1490:Real Character
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1466:
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1455:
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1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
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1407:
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1194:
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1090:
1085:
1075:
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1073:
1063:
1062:
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1056:
1045:
1043:
1042:Classification
1039:
1038:
1031:
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1023:
1016:
1008:
1001:
1000:
980:
974:
954:
952:
949:
946:
945:
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925:
923:
920:
918:
917:
912:
910:Visible Speech
907:
902:
897:
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882:
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872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
810:Asemic writing
806:
804:
801:
758:United Nations
732:World language
727:
726:Modern history
724:
670:Jonathan Swift
577:Panglossianism
569:René Descartes
484:
483:
390:
388:
381:
369:
366:
343:Tower of Babel
309:
306:
280:Central Europe
272:Western Europe
252:Medieval Latin
245:Latin language
144:by humans and
131:
130:
45:
43:
36:
21:World language
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1970:
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1956:
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1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1928:
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1904:Lojban/Loglan
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Esperanto/Ido
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1829:A Secret Vice
1826:
1824:
1823:Esperantology
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
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1786:
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1766:
1756:
1753:
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1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:Lingua ignota
1733:
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1600:
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1567:
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1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:Belter Creole
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
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1486:
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1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Basic English
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
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1389:
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1350:
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1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Universalglot
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
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1267:
1264:
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1252:
1249:
1247:
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1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:Idiom Neutral
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
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1169:
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1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
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1147:
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1142:
1139:
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1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1116:International
1113:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1093:Philosophical
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:Language game
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1006:
997:
996:
990:
985:
981:
977:
971:
967:
963:
962:
956:
955:
942:
941:
936:
931:
927:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:Sign language
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:Body language
823:
821:
818:
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391:This section
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46:This article
44:
40:
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1848:
1841:
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1827:
1785:Sitelen Pona
1656:
1192:esperantidos
1161:Esperanto II
1083:Experimental
993:
984:Sweet, Henry
960:
951:Bibliography
938:
930:
890:Stick figure
795:' fictional
786:
754:
748:(1922), and
735:
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658:Dr. Pangloss
643:
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616:Ars signorum
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404:Please help
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146:supernatural
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55:Please help
50:verification
47:
1867:Comparisons
1745:Palawa kani
1740:Medefaidrin
1415:Weltdeutsch
1405:Runyakitara
1393:Interslavic
1226:Interlingue
1221:Interlingua
1204:Interglossa
1131:Blissymbols
750:Interlingua
746:Interlingue
690:mythography
678:fool's gold
652:written by
509:Renaissance
302:monogenesis
287:Koine Greek
268:Catholicism
260:Middle Ages
230:South India
1942:Categories
1894:Ido/Novial
1715:Balaibalan
1425:Engineered
1281:Pasilingua
1171:Mundolinco
1078:Engineered
922:References
540:(also see
436:newspapers
177:universal
113:April 2010
83:newspapers
1768:Neography
1694:Verdurian
1664:Syldavian
1659:languages
1657:Star Wars
1651:Spocanian
1534:Brithenig
1524:Atlantean
1510:Fictional
1500:Toki Pona
1349:Eurolengo
1186:Universal
1146:Esperanto
1118:auxiliary
1106:languages
1104:Specific
1054:Fictional
865:Semiotics
850:Gibberish
701:lapsarian
682:philology
634:Thesaurus
554:reasoning
393:does not
339:Christian
234:Sri Lanka
226:Old Tamil
206:Theravada
202:Sri Lanka
1725:Enochian
1684:Valyrian
1674:Tsolyáni
1641:Newspeak
1619:Sindarin
1554:Enchanta
1544:Dothraki
1516:artistic
1453:Kalaba-X
1398:Iazychie
1364:Tutonish
1334:Afrihili
1291:Solresol
1286:Sambahsa
1271:Nal Bino
1181:Romániço
1176:Reformed
1156:Arcaicam
1151:Adjuvilo
1108:by group
1049:Artistic
986:(1911).
820:Blinking
803:See also
752:(1951).
744:(1907),
740:(1903),
703:tongue.
666:virtuosi
662:optimism
654:Voltaire
585:geometry
573:Voltaire
495:Comenius
466:May 2023
256:literati
222:Cambodia
218:Thailand
186:Sanskrit
182:language
180:literary
174:de facto
148:beings.
1805:Tengwar
1750:Yerkish
1730:Eskayan
1689:Venedic
1679:Utopian
1669:Teonaht
1646:Simlish
1624:more...
1609:Adûnaic
1594:Lydnevi
1574:Kobaïan
1569:Klingon
1448:Ithkuil
1381:Romanid
1344:Efatese
1339:Budinos
1316:Volapük
1261:Mondial
1088:Musical
782:Spanish
778:Russian
770:English
766:Chinese
645:Candide
581:algebra
450:scholar
414:removed
399:sources
258:in the
204:and in
161:Vietnam
97:scholar
1917:Portal
1800:Sarati
1636:Nadsat
1614:Quenya
1589:Loxian
1584:Lapine
1579:Láadan
1564:Kiliki
1539:Dritok
1514:other
1485:Lojban
1475:Loglan
1463:Lincos
1276:Novial
1236:Kotava
1190:other
972:
895:Symbol
793:Borges
780:, and
774:French
762:Arabic
712:Basque
710:(e.g.
708:Hebrew
674:Laputa
650:satire
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445:
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362:Hermes
358:Brahma
335:Jewish
324:, and
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196:, and
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1795:Cirth
1720:Damin
1699:Wenja
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1559:Kēlen
1354:Guosa
1326:Zonal
1311:Uropi
1301:Unish
1216:Intal
1199:Glosa
1136:Bolak
1071:Zonal
870:Sense
840:Emoji
716:Irish
638:Essay
630:Roget
513:Latin
457:JSTOR
443:books
214:Burma
194:Nepal
190:India
169:Japan
165:Korea
157:China
104:JSTOR
90:books
1755:Zaum
1410:Wede
1296:Sona
1126:Babm
970:ISBN
875:Sign
835:Code
714:and
648:, a
583:and
429:news
397:any
395:cite
337:and
291:real
278:and
232:and
198:Pali
192:and
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1512:and
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1266:Neo
1166:Ido
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