66:
38:
268:
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mortality data for 32 states that did not implement major firearm policies during the period from 1981–2000. In the study period, firearm suicide rates were 10.9% lower in
California but a similar decrease in non-firearm suicide was also observed. The study found no net difference between firearm-related homicide rates before and during the study period. The study authors identified a number of possible reasons for the
562:
federal law; a 2016 survey found that 41% of
Americans believed this to be the case. The same survey found that 77% of Americans supported universal background checks, while only 53% supported stricter gun laws. Based on this data, the authors concluded that "this difference might be attributable to poor awareness of the limitations of existing laws."
621:
privacy; and that "transfer" might be defined too broadly. Opponents also maintain that universal background checks would not stop crime and assert that the only way to properly enforce a universal system would be to require a registration database, which, if implemented by the federal government, is prohibited under 18 U.S.C. § 926(a) from the
475:. Gun owners gave stronger support to this all-inclusive approach than to a gun-show-only proposal in a 2009 poll conducted for the same organization. Either proposal would face tough sledding on Capitol Hill. It would therefore seem preferable to move forward with the version that is most likely to reduce the rates of firearm-related violence.
483:, there were numerous calls for universal background checks to close what is now referred to as the "private sale loophole." In an essay published in 2013, Wintemute said that comprehensive background checks that included private sales would result in a simple, fair framework for retail firearms commerce. In February 2014, researchers at the
1196:"Statement of Wayne LaPierre, Executive Vice President, National Rifle Association at Pending Firearms Legislation and the Administration's Enforcement of Current Gun Laws: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee of the Judiciary of the House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress First Session"
793:
October 2017 on policies to curb mass shooting deaths specifically, the expert panel ranked universal checks for gun buyers and universal checks for ammunition buyers as 6.6 and 6.5 (on a 10-point effectiveness scale), respectively, ranking them as the fifth- and sixth-most effective of 20 gun-policy proposals.
426:(NRA) told the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, "We think it is reasonable to provide mandatory, instant criminal background checks for every sale at every gun show." Those concerned about the shows believed they were a source of illegally trafficked firearms. Efforts to reverse a key feature of the
870:"Generally require universal background checks at the point of sale for all sales of all classes of firearms, whether they are purchased from a licensed dealer or an unlicensed seller." New Mexico and Virginia law includes an exemption for "transfers that are not made for a fee or other remuneration."
504:
found that among prisoners who possessed a gun during their offense, 10.1% obtained the gun through a retail source (7.5% gun shop/store, 1.6% pawn shop, 0.8% gun show, and 0.4% from a plea market); 25.3% obtained the gun from an individual (family member, friend, or other, whether purchased, traded,
744:
attempted to measure the impact that 25 different state laws had on overall firearm-related mortality, and it found that universal background checks had the strongest overall impact. Additionally, the researchers' projection of a federally implemented universal background check policy predicted that
577:
survey. In 2017, strong majorities of
American adults, both gun owners (77%) and non-gun owners (87%), supported background checks for private sales and at gun shows, according to a Pew Research Center survey with an error attributable to sampling of +/- 2.8% at the 95% level of confidence. In 2018,
561:
survey). A 2015 survey found that more than 90% of
Americans supported universal background checks, and that, on average, Americans thought they would be more effective than any other gun policy. There is evidence that many Americans incorrectly think that universal background checks are required by
603:
A July 2019 poll by NPR found that 89% of respondents supported background checks for all gun purchases at gun shows or other private sales. An overwhelming majority of
Republicans (84%) and Democrats (96%) indicated their support, suggesting there is bipartisan popular consensus on the broad topic
900:
In Maine, a 2016 referendum to require background checks on private sales failed after a closely fought campaign, with "yes" gaining 48.2% of the vote and "no" gaining 52.8% of the vote. In 2014, a referendum in
Washington state to require background checks on private sales (Initiative Measure No.
819:
affect the homicide rate.) Respondents ranked universal background checks 13th and 14th for reducing the murder rate and reducing mass shootings, respectively. Public health researchers were substantially likelier than economists and criminologists to rate universal background checks as effective.
792:
in
January 2017, a panel of 32 scholars of criminology, public health, and law rated universal background checks as the most effective policy to prevent gun deaths, ranking it #1 of 29 possible gun-related policies (7.3 on a 10-point effectiveness scale). In a subsequent expert survey published in
383:
which, using a 2015 survey, found that 22% of recent gun transfers (purchased and nonpurchased) were completed without a background check. The authors noted that while this number was less than in years past, it nonetheless indicates that millions of U.S. adults are able to obtain firearms without
695:
and the Center for Gun Policy and
Research at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found no change in firearm homicide or suicide rates in the ten years following California's 1991 implementation of comprehensive background checks. The study's control group used firearm and non-firearm
665:
Violence
Prevention Research Program (VPRP) found that comprehensive background check policies led to increased background checks in Delaware, but not in Colorado or Washington. Non-compliance with the policy may explain the lack of an increase in the latter two states. Universal background check
538:
Universal background checks for guns enjoy high levels of public support; a 2016 representative survey found 86% of registered voters in the U.S. supported the measure. Five national polls conducted in 2015 show high levels of support for "expanded background checks for gun purchases," with rates
818:
in 2017, plus 8 additional policies that would loosen gun regulation, and 5 additional restrictive policies) on reducing murder rates and mass shootings. (Berg, Mauser, and Lott asked about "murder rates" rather than gun homicides because they made the assumption that stricter gun laws would not
620:
oppose universal background check proposals. Opponents of universal background checks argue that existing gun laws are sufficient; that the government does not prosecute enough of the attempted ineligible buyers who are turned away by the current system; that background checks are an invasion of
730:
found comprehensive background check (CBC) laws not tied to a permit-to-purchase law were associated with an increase in firearm homicide rates but not non-firearm homicide rates. The authors of the study noted, however, that they have "identified no plausible theory to explain how requiring a
629:
argues that universal background checks prevent poorer
Americans from acquiring guns. Lott said that, as of December 2015, background checks added an effective cost of $ 80 (New York), $ 60 (Washington state), or $ 200 (Washington, D.C.) to transferring a firearm. Lott argues that universal
499:
found that nearly 80% of all firearms used for criminal purposes are obtained through transfers from unlicensed dealers, which are not required to conduct background checks in a majority of states due to the private sale exemption. A 2016 survey of federal and state prison inmates by the
700:, including inadequate reporting of criminal records or other disqualifying information to background-check databases (especially pre-2000); a failure by sellers to conduct the background check as required by law; and the small number of persons affected by the California law.
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As of 2023, 20 states (21 states, Michigan's law will become effective in early 2024) and District of Columbia require background checks for at least some private sales of firearms; of these, 15 states and the District of Columbia require background checks for all gun sales.
2537:
Kagawa, Rose M.C.; Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro; Vernick, Jon S.; Webster, Daniel W.; Crifasi, Cassandra; Rudolph, Kara E.; Cerdá, Magdalena; Shev, Aaron; Wintemute, Garen J. (2018). "Repeal of Comprehensive Background Check Policies and Firearm Homicide and Suicide".
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The evidence indicates that state laws requiring background checks for private sales, which in practice means they must be completed through federally licensed dealers, are widely flouted by gun owners who object to the added expense and inconvenience.
470:
Drawbacks with respect to expense and inconvenience notwithstanding, 83% of self-reported gun owners and 87% of the general population endorsed regulation for all private-party gun sales in a 2008 poll that was conducted for the advocacy organization
766:(including the repeal of a background-check requirement) was associated with a 23% increase in the firearm homicide rate and a 15% increase in the murder rate, translating "to increases of between 55 and 63 homicides per year in Missouri." The study
388:(CSGV) stated that the NICS had prevented over 1.4 million felons and other prohibited persons from purchasing firearms in the years between 1994–2005. According to the CSGV, the law also has a prohibitive effect, that deters illegal purchases.
755:
buyers to undergo a background check (in order to obtain a required permit) "was associated with a 40 percent decline in gun homicides and a 15 percent drop in suicides" during the law's first ten years in effect. A 2014 study published in the
462:, wrote that gun shows account for only a fraction of all U.S. gun sales and that a more effective strategy of preventing gun violence would be to make all private-party gun sales go through the screening and record-keeping processes that
777:
analyzed various types of firearm legislation across the U.S. from 2007-2010 and firearm-related deaths across all 50 states, and concluded that stronger background checks were associated with lower overall firearm fatality rates.
814:, asked respondents (38 criminologists, 32 economists, and 50 public health researchers who had published an empirical study on firearms in a peer-reviewed journal) to rank the effects of 33 firearms policies (20 policies in the
770:
that might affect homicides, including "changes in rates of unemployment, poverty, incarceration, burglary, law enforcement officers per capita, and the presence of four other types of state laws." A 2013 study published in the
831:. Some clinicians have noted that these laws can create uncertainty regarding the legality of such transfers, potentially complicating their ability to effectively counsel patients on firearm safety in these situations.
2088:
630:
background checks are an effective tax on guns and can prevent less affluent Americans from purchasing them, and that this disproportionately affects poor minorities who live in high-crime urban areas.
886:"Requires firearm purchasers to both obtain a permit to purchase a firearm and, if the purchase is from an unlicensed seller, conduct the transaction through a federally-licensed firearms dealer."
1158:
2038:
430:(FOPA) by requiring criminal background checks and purchase records on private sales at gun shows, which had become prolific in the U.S. since the law's passage in 1986, were unsuccessful.
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California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and the District of Columbia
996:
2863:
McCourt, AD; Vernick, JS; Betz, ME; Brandspigel, S; Runyan, CW (1 January 2017). "Temporary Transfer of Firearms From the Home to Prevent Suicide: Legal Obstacles and Recommendations".
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2105:
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127:
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Universal background check laws, which require a background check before any firearm transfer, may extend to temporary removals of firearms from the homes of individuals at risk of
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prospective firearm purchaser to undergo a background check would result in increased homicide rates." In attempting to explain the unexpected results, the researchers proposed an
490:
reported that after the 2007 repeal in Missouri of a long-standing law that required all handgun buyers to pass a background check there was a 23% increase in firearms homicides.
2763:
Fleegler, Eric W.; Lee, Lois K.; Monuteaux, Michael C.; Hemenway, David; Mannix, Rebekah (2013-05-13). "Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Fatalities in the United States".
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was released. The Secretary and the A.G. made seven recommendations, including expanding the definition of "gun show," and reviewing the definition of "engaged in the business".
384:
background checks. The current federal law allows people not "engaged in the business" of selling firearms to sell firearms without a license or records. A 2008 report from the
1477:
715:. The study also concluded that in order to understand whether comprehensive background checks generally reduce firearm deaths, more evidence from other states is needed.
1354:
5453:
2826:
2305:
1807:
878:"Require all firearm purchasers to obtain a permit, issued after a background check, in order to buy any firearm", in lieu of a point-of-sale background check.
2961:
1144:
1411:
2807:
1779:
5559:
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Crifasi, C.K., Merrill-Francis, M., McCourt, A. et al. "Association between Firearm Laws and Homicide in Urban Counties." J Urban Health (2018) 95: 383.
2030:
1169:
105:
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Through something known as the private sale loophole, he could have purchased the firearm in the private market at a gun show or out of someone's trunk.
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533:
76:
3008:
5518:
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370:
337:
207:
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Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro; Kagawa, Rose M.C.; Cerdá, Magdalena; Crifasi, Cassandra; Vernick, Jon S; Webster, Daniel W; Wintemute, Garen J. (2019).
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groups to rates in Indiana from 1981 to 2008 and in Tennessee from 1994 to 2008. Rates from the two states' study periods were within the range of
229:
90:
1432:
941:
5191:
4949:
727:
5446:
1007:
1027:
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between firearm homicide and suicide rates and the repeal of comprehensive background check laws in two states. The study compared rates from
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borrowed, or received as a gift); 43.2% obtained the gun off the street or through the underground market (such as "markets for stolen goods,
2059:
1113:
586:, nearly all Americans supported universal background checks. 88% of registered voters supported universal background checks, according to a
254:
745:
national firearm mortality could drop from 10.35 deaths per 100,000 people to 4.46 deaths per 100,000 people. A 2015 study published in the
2936:
840:
2381:
Wintemute, Garen J.; Cerdá, Magdalena; Vernick, Jon S.; Webster, Daniel W.; Kagawa, Rose M. C.; Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro (2018-12-01).
2332:
Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro; Kagawa, Rose M. C.; Webster, Daniel W.; Vernick, Jon S.; Cerdá, Magdalena; Wintemute, Garen J. (2018-12-01).
860:
17:
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showed that 22% of U.S. gun owners who had obtained a gun in the previous two years did not undergo a background check before doing so.
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1507:
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679:
671:
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The law requires universal background checks for all private gun sales by July 1, moving up the previous deadline of January 2024.
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30:
This article is about background checks for private sales of firearms in the United States. For background checks in general, see
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November 4, 2014 General Election Results: Initiative Measure No. 594: Concerns background checks for firearm sales and transfers
2004:
597:
396:
296:
5503:
5396:
844:
197:
182:
1835:(October 2015). "Assessing views about gun violence reduction policy: A look at type of violence and expected effectiveness".
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in April 1999, gun shows and background checks became a focus of national debate. In May, the executive vice president of the
1605:
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laws were associated with a 14.9% reduction in overall homicides, according to a 2019 study by medical researchers including
613:
579:
480:
423:
157:
112:
1914:
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5229:
2443:
684:
122:
2253:
1165:
617:
446:
3030:"Gun Control Proposals in the 113th Congress: Universal Background Checks, Gun Trafficking, and Military Style Firearms"
2126:
1529:
688:. The study authors wrote that "further research is necessary to determine whether these associations are causal ones".
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487:
137:
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5407:
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1940:
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A report released in 2009, 10 years after Columbine, discussed the role that gun shows play in trafficking to Mexico.
747:
333:
202:
172:
117:
2177:
1630:
1132:
5134:
5112:
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3226:
1085:"Firearms Trafficking: U.S. Efforts to Combat Arms Trafficking to Mexico Face Planning and Coordination Challenges"
570:
566:
459:
329:
95:
3652:
2490:"California's comprehensive background check and misdemeanor violence prohibition policies and firearm mortality"
1275:
723:
692:
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poll with a margin of error +/- 2%. 94% of American voters supported universal background checks, according to a
521:
224:
1969:
377:, which account for 78% of all gun sales in the United States. This figure was published in a 2017 study by the
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801:
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such that states passing the CBC-only laws were doing so in response to already rising firearm homicide rates.
626:
419:
404:
400:
385:
1658:"Legal status and source of offenders' firearms in states with the least stringent criteria for gun ownership"
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1377:
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427:
162:
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magazine article from March 2023 cited a series of studies conducted out of the United Kingdom that stated:
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366:
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147:
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for all gun sales or transfers, regardless of where they occur or who is involved. This includes sales at
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289:
142:
5513:
5366:
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4492:
3114:
3089:
2306:"Biden's plan to unilaterally expand background checks for gun buyers is legally and logically dubious"
1939:
Parker, Kim; Menasce Horowitz, Juliana; Igielnik, Ruth; Oliphant, Baxter; Brown, Anna (June 22, 2017).
767:
732:
704:
634:
234:
192:
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2439:"The Impact of State Firearm Laws on Homicide and Suicide Deaths in the USA, 1991–2016: a Panel Study"
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4874:
4410:
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2604:
2151:
712:
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5017:
4811:
4534:
4154:
3956:
2981:", Maine Department of the Secretary of State, Bureau of Corporations, Elections & Commissions.
708:
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Kalesan, Bindu; Mobily, Matthew E; Keiser, Olivia; Fagan, Jeffrey A; Galea, Sandro (2016-04-30).
758:
517:
167:
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2000:
1808:"Laura Ingraham wrongly says claim that 90% support for gun background checks has been debunked"
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1591:
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540:
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in existing laws that currently allow some gun purchases to occur without background checks.
214:
2605:"Firearm legislation and firearm mortality in the USA: a cross-sectional, state-level study"
894:"Permit and background check requirement for handgun purchases but not long-gun purchases."
65:
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2929:"How Will Illinois Law Banning Some Firearms Affect Gun Owners? Answers to Top Questions"
1944:
1918:
574:
558:
3050:
2383:"Comprehensive background check policy and firearm background checks in three US states"
2334:"Comprehensive background check policy and firearm background checks in three US states"
1355:"In Gun Control Debate, Arguments for Tougher Background Checks, Better State Reporting"
513:); 6.4% obtained the gun through theft; and 17.4% obtained the gun from another source.
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1530:"Private Gun Sale Loophole Creates Invisible Firearms Market, Prompts Calls For Reform"
1334:
971:
510:
451:
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1890:
1871:
1230:. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). June 2000. Archived from
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594) passed, with "yes" gaining 59.3% of the vote and "no" gaining 40.7% of the vote.
573:(88%), supported background checks for private sales and at gun shows, according to a
37:
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403:(A.G.) to provide recommendations concerning the fact that 25% or more of sellers at
361:
244:
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2658:
Rudolph, Kara E.; Stuart, Elizabeth A.; Vernick, Jon S.; Webster, Daniel W. (2015).
2644:
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are not required to run background checks on potential buyers. This was called the
314:
249:
31:
2714:"Effects of the repeal of Missouri's handgun purchaser licensing law on homicides"
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3432:
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3378:
3315:
3305:
2553:
2238:
2203:
2031:"Americans Largely Support Gun Restrictions To 'Do Something' About Gun Violence"
1595:
1249:
593:
321:, private sales between individuals, and sales made online. The idea is to close
2660:"Association Between Connecticut's Permit-to-Purchase Handgun Law and Homicides"
2254:"Daily Bulletin: Students Prep the Next Round of School Walkouts for Gun Reform"
1848:
4889:
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3896:
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1832:
1707:"Source and Use of Firearms Involved in Crimes: Survey of Prison Inmates, 2016"
805:
788:
675:
667:
549:
85:
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3252:
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2408:
2359:
1737:"Firearm Acquisition Without Background Checks: Results of a National Survey"
1683:
1615:
1094:. United States Government Accountability Office (GAO). June 2009. GAO-09-709
841:
Gun show loophole § States requiring background checks for private sales
336:, would require all gun sales or transfers to be recorded and go through the
4934:
4571:
2588:
1592:"Comprehensive Background Checks for Firearm Sales: Evidence from Gun Shows"
1563:"Gun law loophole could have provided Brinsley's murder weapon, say experts"
1542:"Universal Background Checks & the Private Sale Loophole Policy Summary"
1303:
Wintemute, Garen J.; Braga, Anthony A.; Kennedy, David M. (August 5, 2010).
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392:
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currently require background checks for certain private sales of firearms.
239:
41:
1985:
Eighty-eight percent support requiring background checks on all gun sales.
1004:
Coalition to Stop Gun Violence & Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence
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219:
2089:
Trump tells NRA chief that universal background checks are off the table
1225:"Following the Gun: Enforcing Federal Laws Against Firearms Traffickers"
939:
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3131:
2917:, Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence (accessed June 12, 2022).
2824:
1876:
740:
100:
44:
2805:
2536:
2331:
1938:
4801:
4796:
4779:
4704:
4661:
4482:
4437:
4272:
4072:
3978:
3973:
3951:
3807:
3727:
3662:
3601:
3300:
3232:
3190:
2712:
Webster, Daniel; Kercher Crifasi, Cassandra; Vernick, Jon S. (2014).
1755:
1736:
958:
318:
2487:
762:
found that the 2007 repeal of a "permit-to-purchase" handgun law in
27:
Background checks for private sales of firearms in the United States
5258:
5246:
4789:
4673:
4629:
4619:
4614:
4590:
4342:
4327:
3931:
3822:
3486:
3337:
3295:
3247:
3200:
1973:
1433:"Gun debate 101: Time for 'universal' background checks on buyers?"
1378:"4 Questions About 'Universal Background Checks' for Gun Purchases"
763:
588:
544:
322:
3009:"Missouri study shows why we need universal gun background checks"
1656:
Vittes, Katherine A.; Vernick, Jon S.; Webster, Daniel W. (2012).
5129:
4821:
4736:
4644:
4624:
4602:
4442:
4169:
3829:
3579:
3503:
3287:
3242:
3237:
3205:
3109:
3081:
2106:
Cuomo, 11 other Democratic governors urge tighter gun regulations
828:
752:
4939:
4831:
4746:
4544:
3310:
3210:
3141:
2808:"How to Prevent Gun Deaths? Where Experts and the Public Agree"
1872:"Policy misperceptions and support for gun control legislation"
1780:"How to Prevent Gun Deaths? Where Experts and the Public Agree"
509:, criminals or criminal enterprises" or people involved in the
834:
637:
resolutions in opposition to universal background check laws.
3762:
3757:
3742:
3697:
3393:
2862:
2711:
1159:"No Questions Asked: Background Checks, Gun Shows, and Crime"
2762:
2380:
822:
2825:
Margot Sanger-Katz & Quoctrung Bui. (October 5, 2017).
2806:
Quoctrung Bui & Margot Sanger-Katz (January 10, 2017).
2657:
2278:"New Mexico governor enacts expanded gun background checks"
2152:"NRA Members: Universal Background Checks 'Not a Solution'"
1114:"The debate on gun policies in U.S. and midwest newspapers"
1131:
National Conference of State Legislatures (June 1, 2000).
466:(FFL) dealers are required to do. Their report concluded:
3747:
3707:
3136:
3121:
3080:
751:
found that a Connecticut law (enacted in 1995) requiring
5519:
National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
2843:
Lott, John R. and Berg, MD, Arthur and Mauser, Gary A.,
2837:
2707:
2705:
2602:
1305:"Private-Party Gun Sales, Regulation, and Public Safety"
5056:
1778:
Bui, Quotrung; Sanger-Katz, Margot (January 10, 2017).
1631:"ID Check Repeal Prompts Spike In Murders, Study Finds"
2979:
November 8, 2016 Referendum Election: Official Results
2429:
2702:
1548:. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. August 21, 2013
1302:
940:
Matthew Miller; Lisa Hepburn; Deborah Azrael (2017).
5461:
2962:
Proposed expansion of gun background checks defeated
1870:
Aronow, Peter M; Miller, Benjamin T (January 2016).
1655:
1478:"Illegal Internet Gun Sales are Soaring in Virginia"
875:
Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan and Oregon
1963:
1961:
1735:Miller, M; Hepburn, L; Azrael, D (3 January 2017).
1734:
1412:"Gun debate still rages after Sandy Hook slaughter"
804:, published in the winter 2019–2020 edition of the
565:In 2015, large majorities of American adults, both
2481:
2060:"Poll: Americans Not Sold On Trump — Or Democrats"
1494:These Internet sales really are the new gun shows.
1453:"'Universal background check:' What does it mean?"
534:Public opinion on gun control in the United States
344:. Universal background checks are not required by
1594:. In Webster, Daniel W.; Vernick, Jon S. (eds.).
1508:"Gun-Control Lobby Targets Obama, Demands Reform"
997:"America's Gun Shows: Open Markets for Criminals"
371:National Instant Criminal Background Check System
338:National Instant Criminal Background Check System
5551:
1958:
1022:
1020:
5377:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)
3006:
2827:"Experts poll on reducing mass shooting deaths"
2146:
2144:
2017:94 Percent Back Universal Gun Background Checks
1805:
1346:
942:"Firearm Acquisition Without Background Checks"
728:Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
691:An October 2018 study conducted by the VPRP at
2208:Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute
1799:
1777:
1698:
1637:(Interview). Interviewed by Audie Cornish. NPR
1343:Published online at nejm.org on June 30, 2010.
1028:"Gun Shows: Brady Checks and Crime Gun Traces"
726:and the Center for Gun Policy and Research at
5447:
3066:
2433:; Pahn, Molly; Xuan, Ziming; Fleegler, Eric;
2120:
2118:
1995:
1993:
1771:
1622:
1575:"Gun Rights Group Slams Proposed Legislation"
1499:
1315:(6). Massachusetts Medical Society: 508–511.
1187:
1035:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF)
1017:
340:(NICS), closing what is sometimes called the
290:
3780:
2204:"18 U.S. Code § 926 - Rules and regulations"
2141:
1869:
1469:
1369:
413:Gun Shows: Brady Checks and Crime Gun Traces
4589:
1298:
1296:
1217:
835:States with universal background check laws
328:Proposals in the United States, as part of
5560:United States federal firearms legislation
5454:
5440:
3073:
3059:
2115:
1990:
1941:"America's Complex Relationship With Guns"
1353:Hartfield, Elizabeth (December 24, 2012).
1079:
1077:
297:
283:
2739:
2685:
2589:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-0273-3
2464:
2398:
2349:
2028:
1915:"5 facts about guns in the United States"
1912:
1889:
1754:
1673:
1589:
1352:
1320:
1133:"Colorado After Columbine The Gun Debate"
957:
823:Implications for mental health counseling
680:Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
672:Boston University School of Public Health
600:poll with a margin of error of +/- 3.4%.
433:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2127:"The Case Against Gun Background Checks"
1831:
1450:
1430:
1293:
1193:
703:A study published in July 2018 found no
369:requires background checks (through the
36:
2005:Quinnipiac University Polling Institute
1967:
1932:
1628:
1527:
1505:
1247:
1124:
1106:
1074:
722:by authors affiliated with the VPRP at
598:Quinnipiac University Polling Institute
230:Right to keep and bear arms in the U.S.
203:International treaties for arms control
14:
5552:
3027:
2926:
2530:
2303:
2104:Brendan J. Lyons & Dan Freedman, "
2029:Montanaro, Domenico (10 August 2019).
1704:
1583:
1560:
1475:
1451:Martinez, Michael (January 28, 2013).
1375:
845:Gun laws in the United States by state
718:A study published in June 2018 in the
493:A 2012 study published in the journal
198:History of concealed carry in the U.S.
5435:
5055:
4588:
3779:
3159:
3158:
3054:
3007:Editorial board (February 18, 2014).
2939:from the original on January 11, 2023
2927:Howard, Meredith (January 11, 2023).
2893:
2598:
2596:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2327:
2325:
2299:
2297:
1970:"Gun control support surges in polls"
1968:Shepard, Steven (February 28, 2018).
1913:Fingerhut, Hannah (January 5, 2016).
1629:Webster, Daniel (February 18, 2014).
1572:
1476:Fisher, Kristin (December 15, 2011).
1431:Sullivan, Cheryl (January 12, 2013).
1409:
614:National Rifle Association of America
580:Stoneman Douglas High School shooting
516:In 2017, a study by researchers from
481:Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre
424:National Rifle Association of America
313:for guns is a policy that requires a
113:Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
3028:Krouse, William J. (March 1, 2013).
2444:Journal of General Internal Medicine
2228:
2124:
2041:from the original on August 10, 2019
1561:Taylor, Marisa (December 22, 2014).
1528:Kirkham, Chris (December 21, 2012).
1506:Shapiro, Eliza (November 29, 2012).
1273:
1248:Olinger, David (February 13, 2000).
935:
933:
781:
685:Journal of General Internal Medicine
539:varying (93% and 89% support in two
373:or NICS) only for guns sold through
2182:National Shooting Sports Foundation
1309:The New England Journal of Medicine
1166:Americans for Gun Safety Foundation
1147:from the original on July 14, 2014.
618:National Shooting Sports Foundation
447:The New England Journal of Medicine
24:
3000:
2593:
2576:
2322:
2294:
2087:Tom Hamburger & Josh Dawsey, "
2070:from the original on July 22, 2019
1806:Carroll, Lauren (5 January 2016).
1573:Dobbs, Taylor (January 16, 2015).
1376:Sullum, Jacob (January 11, 2013).
488:Center for Gun Policy and Research
138:Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban
25:
5571:
2994:", Washington Secretary of State.
2665:American Journal of Public Health
1212:No loopholes anywhere for anyone.
930:
748:American Journal of Public Health
633:Some local counties have adopted
625:. Gun-rights advocate and author
527:
348:, but at least 21 states and the
173:Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA)
128:Connecticut Children's Safety Act
5463:Gun control in the United States
2234:"Mass Shootings and Gun Control"
1597:Reducing Gun Violence in America
1410:Avlon, John (January 12, 2013).
1194:LaPierre, Wayne (May 27, 1999).
655:
479:Following the December 14, 2012
444:In the August 5, 2010, issue of
266:
96:Bipartisan Safer Communities Act
64:
2984:
2971:
2954:
2920:
2879:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.5704
2856:
2818:
2799:
2777:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1286
2756:
2651:
2508:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.001
2423:
2374:
2270:
2246:
2222:
2196:
2170:
2098:
2081:
2052:
2022:
1906:
1863:
1825:
1728:
1649:
1514:
1396:
1267:
1241:
1168:. April 1, 2001. Archived from
911:
522:Harvard School of Public Health
2400:10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042475
2351:10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042475
2125:Good, Chris (April 10, 2013).
1705:Mariel, Alper (May 27, 2022).
1675:10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040290
1600:. JHU Press. pp. 95–107.
1151:
1049:
989:
768:controlled for other variables
612:Gun rights groups such as the
420:Columbine High School massacre
397:U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
386:Coalition to Stop Gun Violence
210:Background Check System (NICS)
13:
1:
5529:Public opinion on gun control
5489:Firearms death rates by state
5242:Firearms by country
5157:Civilian Marksmanship Program
2621:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01026-0
2178:"Universal Background Checks"
1891:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00042-8
924:
786:In a survey published by the
623:Firearm Owners Protection Act
428:Firearm Owners Protection Act
355:
183:Gun laws in the U.S. by state
163:Firearm Owners Protection Act
108:Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
2554:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000838
2304:Sullum, Jacob (2023-03-14).
2129:. ABC News Internet Ventures
1590:Wintemute, Garen J. (2013).
1357:. ABC News Internet Ventures
1276:"What I saw at the gun show"
1250:"Dealers live for gun shows"
1118:Berkeley Media Studies Group
607:
502:Bureau of Justice Statistics
391:In November 1998, President
148:Federal Firearms Act of 1938
7:
5484:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
5479:Child access prevention law
5474:Assault weapons legislation
5413:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
5311:Campaign Against Arms Trade
2915:Universal Background Checks
2001:"Poll Release May 22, 2019"
1849:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.025
1742:Annals of Internal Medicine
946:Annals of Internal Medicine
473:Mayors Against Illegal Guns
380:Annals of Internal Medicine
215:National Firearms Act (NFA)
143:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
123:Concealed carry in the U.S.
106:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
91:Assault weapons legislation
54:Firearm legal topics of the
18:Universal background checks
10:
5576:
5539:Universal background check
5514:High-capacity magazine ban
5367:High-capacity magazine ban
4493:Mean time between failures
2457:10.1007/s11606-019-04922-x
1274:Baum, Dan (June 8, 2000).
1137:The Free Library by Farlex
1062:. October 2009. p. 11
838:
738:A 2016 study published in
660:
635:Second Amendment sanctuary
543:surveys, 92% support in a
531:
507:middlemen for stolen goods
437:
359:
311:universal background check
235:Second Amendment sanctuary
193:High-capacity magazine ban
29:
5469:
5385:
5335:
5326:
5287:
5215:
5167:
5096:Household ownership rates
5076:
5051:
4973:
4830:
4775:
4766:
4682:
4610:
4601:
4584:
4425:
4364:
4355:
4238:
4229:
4130:
3798:
3789:
3775:
3687:
3635:
3592:
3578:
3536:
3406:
3392:
3286:
3167:
3154:
3105:
3101:
2732:10.1007/s11524-014-9865-8
1437:Christian Science Monitor
1384:(Blog). Reason Foundation
796:A survey by Arthur Berg,
557:survey, 85% support in a
553:survey, 86% support in a
464:Federal Firearms Licensed
208:National Instant Criminal
3037:U.S. Department of State
2933:Belleville News-Democrat
2845:Expert Views on Gun Laws
2678:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302703
904:
375:licensed firearm dealers
273:United States portal
188:Gun politics in the U.S.
153:Federal Firearms License
118:Campus carry in the U.S.
5397:by U.S. state
4807:Overpressure ammunition
4742:Improved Military Rifle
4448:Circular error probable
3367:Personal defence weapon
2719:Journal of Urban Health
1577:. Vermont Public Radio.
1480:. WUSA9. Archived from
1418:. Telegraph Media Group
759:Journal of Urban Health
733:endogenous relationship
720:Journal of Urban Health
518:Northeastern University
257:and Law Enforcement Act
240:Sullivan Act (New York)
168:Gun Control Act of 1968
5524:Privately made firearm
5091:Civilian gun ownership
4620:Firing (Shooting)
2866:JAMA Internal Medicine
2765:JAMA Internal Medicine
2495:Annals of Epidemiology
1565:. Al Jazeera America.
1006:. 2008. Archived from
891:Minnesota and Nebraska
774:JAMA Internal Medicine
653:
477:
440:Private sale exemption
434:Private sale exemption
342:private sale exemption
225:Open carry in the U.S.
48:
4565:Handgun effectiveness
4498:Minute of Angle (MOA)
4374:Ballistic coefficient
3350:Semi-automatic pistol
2966:Portland Press Herald
2112:(September 10, 2019).
1635:All Things Considered
1522:private sale loophole
1057:"Gun Show undercover"
883:New Jersey and Oregon
648:
541:Quinnipiac University
468:
405:gun shows in the U.S.
401:U.S. Attorney General
255:Violent Crime Control
40:
5182:in the United States
4840:Armour piercing
4401:Rangefinding/keeping
4313:Push/Controlled feed
4105:Synchronization gear
3840:Blank-firing adapter
3691: or famous
2615:(10030): 1847–1855.
1455:. Cable News Network
1322:10.1056/NEJMp1006326
411:. Two months later,
350:District of Columbia
346:U.S. federal gun law
133:Constitutional carry
5499:Gun buyback program
5274:Privately made
5237:Firearm brands
5123:State firearms
5103:Exhibition shooting
5086:Celebratory gunfire
4945:Plastic tipped
4875:High explosive
4396:Physics of firearms
2968:(November 8, 2016).
2853:(Winter 2019-2020).
2282:Las Cruces Sun-News
2210:. February 17, 2024
2184:. February 17, 2024
1945:Pew Research Center
1919:Pew Research Center
1837:Preventive Medicine
1534:The Huffington Post
1484:on February 8, 2015
861:Giffords Law Center
713:natural variability
575:Pew Research Center
559:Pew Research Center
178:Gun law in the U.S.
5372:Right to bear arms
5318:Featureless rifles
5264:Improvised firearm
5225:3D printed firearm
5113:United States
5008:Fully powered
4915:Total metal jacket
4555:Stock measurements
3278:Underwater firearm
3174: versus
2437:(March 28, 2019).
2110:Olean Times Herald
2095:(August 20, 2019).
1833:Sorenson, Susan B.
1785:The New York Times
1237:on March 31, 2003.
1200:commdocs.house.gov
1120:. January 1, 2000.
511:illegal drug trade
452:Garen J. Wintemute
49:
5547:
5546:
5509:Gun show loophole
5504:Gun laws by state
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5386:United States Gun
5047:
5046:
5043:
5042:
4930:Hollow point
4855:Full metal jacket
4762:
4761:
4720:Tubes and Primers
4580:
4579:
4530:Power factor
4468:Gun harmonisation
4421:
4420:
4351:
4350:
4225:
4224:
4207:Night vision
3771:
3770:
3683:
3682:
3597:Automatic shotgun
3574:
3573:
3161:Types of firearms
3150:
3149:
3015:. Sun-Times Media
3013:Chicago Sun-Times
2451:(10): 2021–2028.
2387:Injury Prevention
2338:Injury Prevention
1662:Injury Prevention
1607:978-1-4214-1110-1
1202:. Washington, D.C
898:
897:
782:Scholarly surveys
709:synthetic control
682:published by the
584:Parkland, Florida
496:Injury Prevention
409:gun show loophole
362:Gun show loophole
307:
306:
16:(Redirected from
5567:
5494:Firearms license
5456:
5449:
5442:
5433:
5432:
5333:
5332:
5279:Small arms trade
5217:Firearm industry
5068:, and
5053:
5052:
4925:Hollow base
4773:
4772:
4752:Smokeless powder
4608:
4607:
4586:
4585:
4535:Precision-guided
4362:
4361:
4236:
4235:
4043:Rail system
3917:Flash suppressor
3796:
3795:
3777:
3776:
3723:Winchester rifle
3713:Antique firearms
3643:20-gauge shotgun
3590:
3589:
3404:
3403:
3156:
3155:
3103:
3102:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3020:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2975:
2969:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2891:
2890:
2860:
2854:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2743:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2600:
2591:
2585:
2574:
2573:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2402:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2353:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2122:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1756:10.7326/M16-1590
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1677:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1569:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1537:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1324:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1280:rollingstone.com
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1175:on March 4, 2016
1174:
1163:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1089:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1032:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1001:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
961:
959:10.7326/M16-1590
937:
918:
915:
853:
852:
460:David M. Kennedy
456:Anthony A. Braga
315:background check
299:
292:
285:
271:
270:
269:
250:Tiahrt Amendment
158:Firearm case law
68:
51:
50:
32:Background check
21:
5575:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5465:
5460:
5430:
5417:
5381:
5350:Concealed carry
5345:Assault weapons
5340:Air travel
5322:
5299: and
5283:
5211:
5171:
5163:
5152:Shooting sports
5142:Pistol duelling
5072:
5039:
5003:Rifle cartridge
4969:
4910:Supercavitating
4905:Soft point
4826:
4758:
4732:Ball propellant
4678:
4597:
4576:
4572:Twist rate
4463:Gun chronograph
4453:Effective range
4417:
4347:
4318:Recoil-operated
4221:
4126:
3785:
3767:
3753:Colt Peacemaker
3679:
3653:Dragon's breath
3648:Breaching round
3631:
3612:Double-barreled
3570:
3546:General purpose
3532:
3388:
3282:
3223:Multiple-barrel
3163:
3146:
3097:
3079:
3041:
3039:
3032:
3018:
3016:
3003:
3001:Further reading
2998:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2972:
2960:Kevin Miller, "
2959:
2955:
2942:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2894:
2861:
2857:
2842:
2838:
2823:
2819:
2804:
2800:
2761:
2757:
2710:
2703:
2656:
2652:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2577:
2535:
2531:
2486:
2482:
2435:Hemenway, David
2431:Siegel, Michael
2428:
2424:
2379:
2375:
2330:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2239:National Review
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2156:Guns & Ammo
2150:
2149:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2103:
2099:
2093:Washington Post
2086:
2082:
2073:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2023:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1907:
1868:
1864:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1776:
1772:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1627:
1623:
1608:
1588:
1584:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1519:
1515:
1504:
1500:
1487:
1485:
1474:
1470:
1458:
1456:
1441:
1439:
1421:
1419:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1301:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1129:
1125:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1010:
999:
995:
994:
990:
980:
978:
938:
931:
927:
922:
921:
916:
912:
907:
847:
837:
825:
784:
663:
658:
610:
604:in the public.
594:Morning Consult
536:
530:
442:
436:
367:Federal gun law
364:
358:
303:
267:
265:
256:
209:
107:
82:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5573:
5563:
5562:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5459:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5221:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5187:Assassinations
5184:
5178:
5176:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5105:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4710:Percussion cap
4707:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4560:Stopping power
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4478:Length of pull
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Out-of-battery
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3927:Forward assist
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3897:Cocking handle
3894:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3781:Mechanics and
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3607:Combat shotgun
3604:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3372:Submachine gun
3369:
3362:Pistol caliber
3359:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3106:
3099:
3098:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3025:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2983:
2970:
2953:
2919:
2892:
2855:
2836:
2831:New York Times
2817:
2812:New York Times
2798:
2755:
2726:(2): 293–302.
2701:
2672:(8): e49–e54.
2650:
2592:
2575:
2548:(4): 494–502.
2529:
2480:
2422:
2393:(6): 431–436.
2373:
2344:(6): 431–436.
2321:
2293:
2269:
2245:
2232:(2015-12-03).
2221:
2195:
2169:
2158:. May 28, 2013
2140:
2114:
2097:
2080:
2051:
2021:
2007:. May 22, 2019
1989:
1957:
1931:
1905:
1884:(10015): 223.
1862:
1824:
1798:
1770:
1749:(4): 233–239.
1727:
1697:
1648:
1621:
1606:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1570:
1558:
1546:Smart Gun Laws
1538:
1513:
1510:. Daily Beast.
1498:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1448:
1428:
1395:
1368:
1345:
1292:
1266:
1254:Denverpost.com
1240:
1216:
1186:
1150:
1123:
1105:
1073:
1048:
1037:. January 1999
1016:
1013:on 2008-11-27.
988:
952:(4): 233–239.
928:
926:
923:
920:
919:
909:
908:
906:
903:
896:
895:
892:
888:
887:
884:
880:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
864:
863:
857:
836:
833:
824:
821:
816:New York Times
806:Cato Institute
789:New York Times
783:
780:
676:David Hemenway
668:Michael Siegel
662:
659:
657:
654:
609:
606:
550:New York Times
529:
528:Public opinion
526:
450:, researchers
438:Main article:
435:
432:
360:Main article:
357:
354:
305:
304:
302:
301:
294:
287:
279:
276:
275:
262:
261:
260:
259:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
103:
98:
93:
88:
86:Assault weapon
81:
80:
70:
69:
61:
60:
56:
55:
47:, private sale
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5572:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5457:
5452:
5450:
5445:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:Most-produced
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5170:
5166:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4298:Muzzleloading
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Breechloading
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:Muzzle shroud
4026:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4016:Stripper clip
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:High-capacity
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3733:Mauser rifles
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3658:Shotgun shell
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Anti-materiel
3409:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3004:
2993:
2987:
2980:
2974:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2873:(1): 96–101.
2872:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2771:(9): 732–40.
2770:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2326:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1454:
1449:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1417:
1416:The Telegraph
1413:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1356:
1349:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1213:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1058:
1052:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1009:
1005:
998:
992:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
955:
951:
947:
943:
936:
934:
929:
914:
910:
902:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:Summary from
858:
855:
854:
851:
846:
842:
832:
830:
820:
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
794:
791:
790:
779:
776:
775:
769:
765:
761:
760:
754:
750:
749:
743:
742:
736:
734:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
694:
689:
687:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
656:Effectiveness
652:
647:
645:
644:
638:
636:
631:
628:
624:
619:
615:
605:
601:
599:
595:
591:
590:
585:
581:
576:
572:
568:
563:
560:
556:
552:
551:
546:
542:
535:
525:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
503:
498:
497:
491:
489:
486:
485:Johns Hopkins
482:
476:
474:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:
441:
431:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:directed the
394:
389:
387:
382:
381:
376:
372:
368:
363:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
281:
280:
278:
277:
274:
264:
263:
258:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
79:
78:
74:
73:
72:
71:
67:
63:
62:
59:United States
58:
57:
53:
52:
46:
43:
39:
33:
19:
5538:
5534:Red flag law
5289:Arms control
5169:Gun violence
5136:Jungle style
5135:
5108:Gun cultures
5013:Intermediate
4690:Fire forming
4540:Rate of fire
4411:Stadiametric
4389:Transitional
4333:Self-loading
4288:Gas-operated
4248:Blow-forward
4180:Red dot
4090:Squeeze bore
4038:Pistol slide
4023:Muzzle brake
3991:Bottom metal
3538:Machine guns
3196:Line thrower
3176:muzzleloader
3172:Breechloader
3042:February 17,
3040:. Retrieved
3036:
3017:. Retrieved
3012:
2986:
2973:
2965:
2956:
2948:
2941:. Retrieved
2932:
2922:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2848:
2839:
2830:
2820:
2811:
2801:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2723:
2717:
2669:
2663:
2653:
2612:
2608:
2545:
2541:Epidemiology
2539:
2532:
2499:
2493:
2483:
2448:
2442:
2425:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2341:
2337:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:
2248:
2237:
2224:
2214:February 17,
2212:. Retrieved
2207:
2198:
2188:February 17,
2186:. Retrieved
2181:
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2155:
2131:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2092:
2083:
2072:. Retrieved
2063:
2054:
2043:. Retrieved
2034:
2024:
2016:
2011:September 3,
2009:. Retrieved
1984:
1977:. Retrieved
1948:. Retrieved
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1908:
1881:
1875:
1865:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1783:
1773:
1746:
1740:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1713:
1700:
1668:(1): 26–31.
1665:
1661:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1634:
1624:
1596:
1585:
1566:
1550:. Retrieved
1545:
1533:
1521:
1516:
1501:
1493:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:the original
1471:
1457:. Retrieved
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1420:. Retrieved
1415:
1403:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1381:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1348:
1312:
1308:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1253:
1243:
1232:the original
1219:
1211:
1204:. Retrieved
1199:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1170:the original
1153:
1136:
1126:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1091:
1064:. Retrieved
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1034:
1008:the original
1003:
991:
981:February 20,
979:. Retrieved
949:
945:
913:
899:
856:Jurisdiction
848:
826:
815:
809:
795:
787:
785:
772:
757:
746:
739:
737:
719:
717:
702:
698:null finding
690:
683:
664:
649:
642:
639:
632:
611:
602:
587:
564:
548:
537:
515:
494:
492:
478:
469:
445:
443:
417:
412:
393:Bill Clinton
390:
378:
365:
334:gun violence
327:
310:
308:
77:Amendment II
75:
42:Desert Eagle
5403:Legislation
5355:in the U.S.
5306:Disarmament
5301:Gun control
4998:Handloading
4785:Dummy round
4657:Cooking off
4652:Malfunction
4640:Field strip
4635:Maintenance
4525:Penetration
4488:Match grade
4406:Mathematics
4338:Single-shot
4278:Closed bolt
4192:Scope mount
4155:Holographic
4145:Finderscope
4033:Pistol grip
4011:Speedloader
3865:Telescoping
3845:Breechblock
3718:Gatling gun
3617:Pump action
3258:Single-shot
3181:Combination
2943:January 13,
1716:. p. 7
1714:bjs.ojp.gov
1552:January 28,
1488:February 7,
1285:January 30,
1259:January 29,
1179:January 28,
798:Gary Mauser
705:association
567:Republicans
330:gun control
220:NY SAFE Act
101:Bump stocks
5207:Gun safety
5202:Gunfighter
4993:Centrefire
4975:Cartridges
4955:Snake shot
4895:Round shot
4885:Projectile
4870:Incendiary
4768:Ammunition
4727:Propellant
4695:Obturation
4667:Squib load
4595:ammunition
4433:Accurizing
4369:Ballistics
4283:Electronic
4202:Telescopic
4053:Recoil pad
3912:Firing pin
3887:Bump stock
3850:Breechface
3791:Components
3783:components
3636:Ammunition
3384:Wallet gun
3328:Pepper-box
3273:Spring-gun
3268:Smoothbore
3263:Sleeve gun
2850:Regulation
2609:The Lancet
2315:2023-03-15
2310:Reason.com
2287:2019-03-09
2263:2019-03-09
2230:Lott, John
2074:2020-12-09
2045:2020-12-09
1877:The Lancet
1812:Politifact
1791:August 23,
1406:sources:
1382:Reason.com
1141:Gale Group
925:References
839:See also:
811:Regulation
808:quarterly
741:The Lancet
616:(NRA) and
578:after the
569:(79%) and
532:See also:
418:After the
356:Background
245:Suppressor
45:.44 Magnum
5247:Gun shops
5197:Forensics
5172:and
5118:Gun shows
4860:Frangible
4850:Expanding
4802:Gas check
4797:Flechette
4780:Cannelure
4705:Gunpowder
4662:Hang fire
4630:Firefight
4483:Lock time
4473:Headspace
4438:Bore axis
4323:Repeating
4273:Open bolt
4187:Magnifier
4073:Auto sear
3979:Wheellock
3974:Flintlock
3952:Half-cock
3907:Extractor
3808:Feed ramp
3738:Tommy Gun
3728:M1 Garand
3663:.410 bore
3627:Sawed-off
3602:Coach gun
3516:Repeating
3509:Polygonal
3433:Automatic
3416:Anti-tank
3301:Derringer
3191:Flare gun
2785:2168-6106
2629:0140-6736
2502:: 50–56.
2409:1353-8047
2360:1353-8047
2258:The Trace
1979:March 19,
1950:March 24,
1924:March 29,
1843:: 50–54.
1817:7 January
1684:1475-5785
1616:823897002
1524:sources:
1404:universal
802:John Lott
627:John Lott
608:Criticism
571:Democrats
323:loopholes
319:gun shows
5554:Category
5408:Politics
5328:Gun laws
5259:Gunsmith
5147:Politics
5066:industry
4988:Caseless
4790:Snap cap
4683:Ignition
4674:Ricochet
4615:Dry fire
4591:Shooting
4518:Velocity
4384:Terminal
4379:External
4343:Slamfire
4328:Revolver
4243:Blowback
4110:Tapering
4085:Silencer
4048:Receiver
3986:Magazine
3942:Foregrip
3932:Freebore
3902:Cylinder
3860:Rotating
3823:Trunnion
3689:Historic
3580:Shotguns
3499:Marksman
3477:Elephant
3379:Starting
3338:Revolver
3306:Duelling
3296:Cane gun
3288:Handguns
3248:Riot gun
3216:Takedown
3201:Long gun
3186:Elephant
3090:glossary
3082:Firearms
3019:June 30,
2937:Archived
2887:27842186
2793:23467753
2750:24604521
2696:26066959
2645:21415884
2637:26972843
2562:29613872
2524:73451154
2516:30744830
2475:30924089
2417:28986427
2368:28986427
2162:June 30,
2133:June 30,
2068:Archived
2039:Archived
1974:Politico
1900:26842292
1857:25952054
1765:28055050
1692:22729164
1641:June 30,
1459:June 27,
1442:June 27,
1422:June 27,
1388:June 27,
1361:June 27,
1339:40954102
1331:20592291
1145:Archived
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