800:, compounded by shifting societal attitudes towards gun ownership, renewed efforts to pass the bill. On June 11, 1968, a tie vote in the House Judiciary Committee halted the bill's passage. On reconsideration nine days later, the bill was passed by the committee. The Senate Judiciary Committee similarly brought the bill to a temporary halt, but as in the House, it was passed on reconsideration. House Resolution 17735, known as the Gun Control Act, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 22, 1968 banning mail order sales of rifles and shotguns and prohibiting most felons, drug users, and people found mentally incompetent from buying guns.
27:
457:
1110:
of life is that there are over 160 million guns in this country—more firearms than families. If guns are to be kept out of the hands of the criminal, out of the hands of the insane, and out of the hands of the irresponsible, then we just must have licensing. If the criminal with a gun is to be tracked down quickly, then we must have registration in this country. The voices that blocked these safeguards were not the voices of an aroused nation. They were the voices of a powerful lobby, a gun lobby, that has prevailed for the moment in an election year.
977:) by consumers and mandated that anyone who wants to buy a gun in an interstate transaction from a source other than a private individual must do so through a federally licensed firearms dealer. The Act also banned unlicensed individuals from acquiring handguns outside their state of residence. The interstate purchase of long guns (rifles and shotguns) was not impeded by the Act so long as the seller is federally licensed and such a sale is allowed by both the state of purchase and the state of residence.
910:(ii) A person shall not be considered to have been convicted of such an offense for purposes of this chapter if the conviction has been expunged or set aside, or is an offense for which the person has been pardoned or has had civil rights restored (if the law of the applicable jurisdiction provides for the loss of civil rights under such an offense) unless the pardon, expungement, or restoration of civil rights expressly provides that the person may not ship, transport, possess, or receive firearms.
659:
2610:
1033:
926:
Those convicted of a federal offense must contact the Office of the Pardon
Attorney, Department of Justice, to receive a presidential pardon. Under the Department's rules governing petitions for executive clemency, 28 C.F.R. §§ 1.1 et seq., an applicant must satisfy a minimum waiting period of five years before he becomes eligible to apply for a presidential pardon of his federal conviction.
863:(8) is subject to a court order that restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other conduct that would place an intimate partner in reasonable fear of bodily injury to the partner or child, except that this paragraph shall only apply to a court order that—
1157:
wrote in 2011 that the Gun
Control Act of 1968 "provides an ideal case study to highlight the political processes affecting a direct effort to regulate firearms". He also stated in his book that President Johnson's proposal called for national registration of all guns as well as licensing for all gun
1109:
Congress adopted most of our recommendations. But this bill—as big as this bill is—still falls short, because we just could not get the
Congress to carry out the requests we made of them. I asked for the national registration of all guns and the licensing of those who carry those guns. For the fact
999:
Under the Gun
Control Act, a federally licensed importer, manufacturer, dealer or collector shall not sell or deliver any rifle or shotgun or ammunition for rifle or shotgun to any individual less than 18 years of age, nor any handgun or ammunition for a handgun to any individual less than 21 years
936:
Additionally, 18 U.S.C 922 (x) generally prohibits people under 18 years of age from possessing handguns or handgun ammunition with certain exceptions for employment, target practice, education, and a handgun possessed while defending the home of the juvenile or a home in which they are an invited
925:
While many states upon completion of sentence automatically reinstate rights to vote, sit on a jury, or serve in public office, no states restore gun ownership rights upon completion of sentence. Some states reinstate rights depending on the crime convicted of, and others have a petition process.
984:
Private sales between unlicensed individuals who are residents of the same state are allowed under federal law so long as such transfers do not violate the other existing federal and state laws. While current law mandates that a background check be performed if the seller has a federal firearms
780:
Precursors of the passage of the Gun
Control Act were Senate Bill 1975 in 1963, "A Bill to Regulate the Interstate Shipment of Firearms", and Senate Bill 1592 in 1965, "A Bill to Amend the Federal Firearms Act of 1938". Both were introduced by Senator
980:
Private sales between residents of two different states are also prohibited without going through a licensed dealer, except for the case of a buyer holding a Curio & Relic license purchasing a firearm that qualifies as a curio or relic.
1043:
The GCA created what is known as the "sporting purposes" standard for imported firearms, saying that they must "be generally recognized as particularly suitable for or readily adaptable to sporting purposes". GCA sporting purposes includes
812:
which introduced a background check requirement of prospective gun purchasers by licensed sellers, and created a list of categories of individuals to whom the sale of firearms is prohibited: It would also be amended again in 1994 by the
851:(B) except as provided in subsection (y)(2), has been admitted to the United States under a nonimmigrant visa (as that term is defined in section 101(a)(26) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 (a)(26)));
776:
supported a ban on mail-order sales, stating, "We do not think that any sane
American, who calls himself an American, can object to placing into this bill the instrument which killed the president of the United States."
2390:
1764:
1068:. Firearms manufactured prior to the Gun Control Act and firearms manufactured by non-FFLs remain exempt from the serial number requirement. Defacement or removal of the serial number (if present) became a
933:
cards are automatically "prohibited people" under 18 U.S.C 922 (g)(3) and "shipping, transporting, receiving or possessing firearms or ammunition" by a medical marijuana card holder is a violation.
896:(ii) by its terms explicitly prohibits the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against such intimate partner or child that would reasonably be expected to cause bodily injury; or
1102:, "and countless other sportsmen, and sportsmen and industry groups" because it would have a far-reaching and damaging effect on the hunting and shooting sports, while failing to reduce crime.
1056:" (which the ATF says is closer to police/combat-style competition and not comparable to more traditional types of sports), nor does it allow for collection for historical or design interest.
1576:
518:
1554:
1024:(who has an FFL) or the gunmaker's factory for repairs or modification. After the repair work is done, the gunsmith or the factory can ship the gun directly back to the customer.
955:
strengthened bans against domestic abusers by enforcing domestic violence protection orders which barred people subject to family violence protection orders from having firearms.
2300:
282:
821:
It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or otherwise dispose of any firearm or ammunition to any person knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that such person—
1681:
969:
The Gun
Control Act mandated the licensing of individuals and companies engaged in the business of selling firearms. This provision effectively prohibited the direct
1095:
417:
772:. Congressional hearings followed and a ban on mail-order gun sales was discussed, but no law was passed until 1968. At the hearings NRA Executive Vice-President
724:
in firearms by generally prohibiting interstate firearms transfers except by manufacturers, dealers and importers licensed under a scheme set up under the Act.
1064:
The law also required that all newly manufactured firearms produced by licensed manufacturers in the United States and imported into the United States bear a
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
426:
406:
386:
363:
344:
325:
306:
287:
2650:
2645:
2295:
1036:
736:
496:
2002:
754:, though many of its provisions were reenacted as part of the GCA, which revised the FFA and its predecessor, the National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA).
747:
467:
1403:
996:
of buying or selling firearms. Individuals buying and selling firearms without a federal license must be doing so from their own personal collection.
2655:
1587:
1381:
945:
598:
2001:
Hahn, Robert A.; Bilukha, Oleg; Crosby, Alex; Fullilove, Mindy T.; Liberman, Akiva; Moscicki, Eve; Snyder, Susan; Tuma, Farris; et al. (2005).
2175:
620:
481:
1132:
830:(3) is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802));
1862:
176:
2363:
645:
1646:
869:(A) was issued after a hearing of which such person received actual notice, and at which such person had the opportunity to participate; and
2385:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2156:
2127:
1622:
2290:
2275:
1328:
824:(1) is under indictment for, or has been convicted in any court of, a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year;
2348:
2167:
1520:
2417:
2412:
2265:
1461:
1226:
1090:, C. R. Gutermuth of the Wildlife Management Institute, Richard H. Stroud of the Sport Fishing Institute, Howard Carter Jr. of the
887:(i) includes a finding that such person represents a credible threat to the physical safety of such intimate partner or child; or
789:
687:
1008:
While the Gun
Control Act prohibits the direct mail-ordering of firearms, a person may ship a gun via contract carrier (such as
2318:
2310:
2252:
2179:
2078:
588:
573:
785:
and met with fierce opposition on the floor but the bills also paved the way for the creation of the Gun
Control Act of 1968.
1747:
1312:
1255:
941:
809:
548:
503:
246:
2640:
2435:
2270:
1154:
513:
1430:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2358:
2353:
2159:
1091:
915:
797:
793:
528:
265:
134:
124:
1483:
1941:
1910:
1842:
1807:
1720:
1180:
593:
563:
508:
2070:
1354:
763:
486:
162:
2427:
45:
An Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to provide for better control of the interstate traffic in firearms.
2148:
2120:
2091:
929:
According to a 21 Sep 2011 "Open Letter to All
Federal Firearms Licensees" from the ATF, holders of state-issued
615:
105:
97:
1382:"Gun Control Bill Blocked In House; Panel Deadlocks on Johnson Plan to Curb Rifle Sales – New Vote Is Scheduled"
2280:
2260:
2033:
2635:
1147:
985:
license, private parties living in the same state are not required to perform such checks under federal law.
720:
industry and firearms ownership. Due to constitutional limitations, the Act is primarily based on regulating
553:
241:
2083:
1175:
1013:
766:
in 1963. The President was shot and killed with a rifle purchased by mail order from an ad in the magazine
751:
568:
538:
2511:
2454:
2240:
2065:
1087:
680:
533:
67:
2613:
2113:
2087:
1682:"Department of the Treasury Study on the Sporting Suitability of Modified Semiautomatic Assault Rifles"
952:
914:
18 U.S.C 922 (3) imposes punishment for being a drug addict, which was found to be unconstitutional by
814:
625:
583:
251:
90:
1275:
2285:
1870:
1657:
1404:"Senate Due To Act Today; House Unit Votes Gun Bill, But Senate Panel Delays It House Committee Vote"
1136:
358:
2561:
2213:
2208:
989:
964:
713:
578:
543:
377:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2484:
2197:
1586:. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Archived from
397:
301:
833:(4) has been adjudicated as a mental defective or has been committed to any mental institution;
2057:
1629:
1437:. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. Archived from
919:
743:
673:
339:
320:
138:
1927:
1896:
1793:
1245:
1086:
wrote that what was then called the Dodd Bill was opposed by outdoorsmen and conservationists
2440:
1832:
1737:
1706:
1302:
1122:
that "the measure as a whole appears to be one that the sportsmen of America can live with".
1009:
732:
605:
430:
410:
390:
367:
348:
329:
310:
291:
1199:
456:
382:
26:
2555:
1961:
1541:
1332:
663:
523:
422:
402:
256:
8:
2543:
2531:
1099:
721:
1158:
carriers, but his influence over the enacted law was small. House Rules Committee chair
2480:
2203:
2074:
2061:
1981:
1053:
370:
351:
332:
313:
294:
860:(7) who, having been a citizen of the United States, has renounced their citizenship;
209:
195:
185:
2519:
2230:
2136:
2025:
1989:
1937:
1906:
1838:
1813:
1803:
1743:
1716:
1308:
1251:
1065:
930:
768:
728:
635:
223:
2096:
2017:
1973:
1143:
974:
640:
166:
2600:
2582:
2498:
2460:
2220:
2021:
1931:
1900:
1797:
1765:"How NRA's true believers converted a marksmanship group into a mighty gun lobby"
1710:
1604:
1504:
1146:, the NRA called provisions of the GCA "draconian". McClure was cosponsor of the
857:(6) who has been discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions;
902:(9) has been convicted in any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence.
2235:
1438:
1163:
1159:
1127:
782:
476:
158:
2629:
2589:
1817:
1115:
773:
1993:
2490:
2448:
2029:
731:
on October 22, 1968, and is Title I of the U.S. federal firearms laws. The
630:
109:
2468:
1166:
promised to oppose efforts to add licensing and registration provisions.
610:
1358:
2567:
1985:
970:
491:
1162:
only released H.R. 17735 to the floor after Judiciary Committee chair
1072:
offense under the law where previously no serial number was required.
2225:
1789:
1702:
1083:
2105:
1977:
2100:
1105:
In his remarks upon signing the act in October 1968, Johnson said:
1049:
1021:
1763:
Achenbach, Joel; Higham, Scott; Horwitz, Sari (12 January 2013).
1555:"Civil Disabilities of Convicted Felons: A State-by-State Survey"
1114:
At the time of its passage in 1968, NRA executive vice president
1045:
717:
50:
1048:
and organized competitive target shooting but does not include "
1032:
735:
of 1934 (NFA) is Title II. Both GCA and NFA are enforced by the
1069:
2319:
United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937
1017:
1484:"U.S. gun control: A history of tragedy, legislative action"
1462:"Gun Debate Spurred by Kennedy Assassination Rages on Today"
948:(NICS) to prevent firearms sales to such prohibited people.
1834:
Gunfight: The Battle Over the Right to Bear Arms in America
1651:, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives"
1514:
1512:
2000:
1329:"Sources for Connecticut's role in the gun control debate"
1142:
In a 2011 article noting the death of former U.S. Senator
1890:
1888:
1509:
1431:"553 – Remarks Upon Signing the Gun Control Act of 1968"
1247:
Reclaiming History: The Assassination of John F. Kennedy
1003:
958:
842:(A) is illegally or unlawfully in the United States; or
808:
The Gun Control Act of 1968 was amended in 1993 by the
1919:
1885:
1762:
1521:"Supreme Court Upholds Law Disarming Domestic Abusers"
2324:
1938 United States House of Representatives elections
1150:(FOPA) of 1986, also called the McClure-Volkmer Act.
1096:
Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute
817:
to strengthen firearm bans against domestic abusers.
796:, as well as the shooting at the University of Texas
1962:"Is Gun Control Likely to Reduce Violent Killings?"
1930:. In Tatalovich, Raymond; Daynes, Byron W. (eds.).
1899:. In Tatalovich, Raymond; Daynes, Byron W. (eds.).
1799:
The Gun Rights War: Dispatches from the Front Lines
1712:
The Gun Rights War: Dispatches from the Front Lines
1623:"Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide 2005"
737:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
1304:Under Fire: The NRA and the Battle for Gun Control
1206:. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. May 21, 2012
748:Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
1331:. University of Connecticut. 2014. Archived from
946:National Instant Criminal Background Check System
2627:
1577:"Open Letter to All Federal Firearms Licensees"
1133:Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership
764:assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy
1928:"Gun Control: Constitutional Mandate or Myth?"
1897:"Gun Control: Constitutional Mandate or Myth?"
2369:Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960
2121:
2003:"Firearms laws and the reduction of violence"
1856:
1854:
1568:
942:Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993
681:
2349:United States Senate special elections, 1941
1869:. National Rifle Association. Archived from
1424:
1422:
1420:
1395:
1218:
1200:"Key Congressional Acts Related to Firearms"
1039:Form 4590 ("Factoring Criteria for Weapons")
1824:
1639:
1453:
1373:
1269:
1267:
1237:
1192:
2651:United States federal firearms legislation
2646:United States federal criminal legislation
2291:Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs
2276:Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park
2128:
2114:
1851:
1615:
688:
674:
202:Reported by the joint conference committee
1707:"The Dodd Bill Both Fact ... and Fantasy"
1476:
1417:
1273:
727:The GCA was signed into law by President
2656:October 1968 events in the United States
2413:1960 United States presidential election
2266:Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
1933:Moral Controversies in American Politics
1902:Moral Controversies in American Politics
1782:
1649:Defining the type of weapon under review
1307:. University of Iowa Press. p. 30.
1300:
1294:
1264:
1243:
1031:
125:18 U.S.C.: Crimes and Criminal Procedure
2010:American Journal of Preventive Medicine
1959:
1925:
1894:
1830:
1735:
1695:
1674:
1574:
1429:Johnson, Lyndon B. (October 22, 1968).
1428:
1224:
1059:
790:assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
762:The bill was initially prompted by the
621:Right to keep and bear arms in the U.S.
594:International treaties for arms control
2628:
1860:
1597:
1575:Herbert, Arthur (September 26, 2011).
1518:
1401:
1379:
1274:Rosenfeld, Steven (January 14, 2013).
1027:
589:History of concealed carry in the U.S.
2135:
2109:
1459:
1250:. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 200.
1004:Gunsmith and factory repair exception
959:Federal Firearms License (FFL) system
810:Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
803:
504:Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
247:Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
37:State Firearms Control Assistance Act
2436:Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture
2271:Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland
1966:The University of Chicago Law Review
1788:
1701:
1611:. Legal Information Institute (LII).
1605:"18 U.S. Code § 922 – Unlawful acts"
1276:"The NRA once supported gun control"
1227:"The Birth of the Modern Gun Debate"
2398:Democratic National Convention 1956
2354:1948 United States Senate elections
2160:Vice President of the United States
2149:36th President of the United States
2071:As codified in 18 U.S.C. chapter 44
2058:As codified in 18 U.S.C. chapter 44
1092:National Shooting Sports Foundation
157:in the House as H.R. 17735 by
13:
2520:Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson
1953:
1460:Dolak, Kevin (November 21, 2013).
953:Violence Against Women Act of 1994
794:assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
529:Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban
14:
2667:
2051:
1739:The Second Amendment: A Biography
1486:. CBS Interactive. April 13, 2013
1402:Finney, John W. (June 21, 1968).
1380:Finney, John W. (June 12, 1968).
1181:Gun politics in the United States
792:, shortly followed by the June 5
564:Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA)
519:Connecticut Children's Safety Act
2609:
2608:
827:(2) is a fugitive from justice;
657:
487:Bipartisan Safer Communities Act
455:
25:
1756:
1729:
1547:
1535:
1498:
1225:Michaud, Jon (April 19, 2012).
906:With the following exceptions:
2281:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
1519:Martin, Nina (June 21, 2024).
1347:
1321:
601:Background Check System (NICS)
1:
2296:Memorial Grove on the Potomac
1186:
1148:Firearm Owners Protection Act
1077:
988:A person who does not have a
574:Gun laws in the U.S. by state
554:Firearm Owners Protection Act
499:Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
242:Firearm Owners Protection Act
2022:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.005
1936:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 176.
1905:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 175.
1861:Norell, James O. E. (2011).
1464:. ABC News Internet Ventures
1301:Davidson, Osha Gray (1998).
1176:Gun law in the United States
1014:United States Postal Service
752:Federal Firearms Act of 1938
539:Federal Firearms Act of 1938
194:on September 18, 1968 (
7:
2641:90th United States Congress
2455:The Years of Lyndon Johnson
2079:US House of Representatives
1926:Spitzer, Robert J. (2011).
1895:Spitzer, Robert J. (2011).
1169:
1135:(JPFO) compared the GCA to
606:National Firearms Act (NFA)
534:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
514:Concealed carry in the U.S.
497:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
482:Assault weapons legislation
445:Firearm legal topics of the
266:United States Supreme Court
68:90th United States Congress
10:
2672:
2226:Texas Broadcasting Company
1244:Bugliosi, Vincent (2007).
1098:, Robert T. Dennis of the
962:
815:Violence Against Women Act
757:
626:Second Amendment sanctuary
584:High-capacity magazine ban
252:Violence Against Women Act
208:on October 10, 1968 (
2577:
2510:
2426:
2309:
2286:Lyndon Baines Johnson Day
2249:
2190:
2143:
1736:Waldman, Michael (2014).
1125:In the May 1993 issue of
836:(5) who, being an alien;
746:was first enacted by the
599:National Instant Criminal
359:Abramski v. United States
272:
264:
238:
233:
150:
145:
130:
120:
115:
96:
86:
81:
73:
62:
49:
41:
33:
24:
2562:George Washington Baines
2214:Civil Rights Act of 1960
2209:Civil Rights Act of 1957
1796:. In Knox, Chris (ed.).
1709:. In Knox, Chris (ed.).
1542:18 U.S.C. 921 (a)(33)(B)
990:Federal Firearms License
965:Federal Firearms License
664:United States portal
579:Gun politics in the U.S.
544:Federal Firearms License
509:Campus carry in the U.S.
378:Voisine v. United States
2550:Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr.
2538:Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.
2526:Lynda Bird Johnson Robb
2168:U.S. Senator from Texas
2084:Gun Control Act of 1968
1960:Zimring, Frank (1968).
1413:(subscription required)
1391:(subscription required)
702:Gun Control Act of 1968
648:and Law Enforcement Act
631:Sullivan Act (New York)
559:Gun Control Act of 1968
398:Rehaif v. United States
302:Printz v. United States
184:on July 24, 1968 (
173:Committee consideration
131:U.S.C. sections amended
20:Gun Control Act of 1968
2464:(1991 television film)
2198:Early years and career
1831:Winkler, Adam (2011).
1794:"JPFO Proves Me Wrong"
1742:. Simon and Schuster.
1628:. 2005. Archived from
1112:
1094:, E. C. Hadley of the
1082:In a June 1966 essay,
1040:
920:Robinson v. California
912:
904:
616:Open carry in the U.S.
418:Greer v. United States
340:United States v. Hayes
321:Small v. United States
206:agreed to by the House
1863:"Passing of a Legend"
1635:on December 31, 2009.
1593:on February 16, 2013.
1562:Department of Justice
1107:
1035:
1010:United Parcel Service
908:
819:
733:National Firearms Act
646:Violent Crime Control
283:United States v. Bass
204:on October 10, 1968;
198:, in lieu of S. 3633)
2636:1968 in American law
2556:Joseph Wilson Baines
2092:US Statutes at Large
1441:on September 9, 2018
1153:Political scientist
1060:Marking requirements
973:of firearms (except
798:two years previously
524:Constitutional carry
257:Lautenberg Amendment
2564:(great-grandfather)
2544:Sam Houston Johnson
2532:Luci Baines Johnson
2176:U.S. Representative
1867:nrapublications.org
1769:The Washington Post
1435:presidency.ucsb.edu
1282:. Salon Media Group
1100:Izaak Walton League
1028:Import restrictions
788:The April 4, 1968,
750:. GCA repealed the
722:interstate commerce
716:that regulates the
569:Gun law in the U.S.
226:on October 22, 1968
146:Legislative history
21:
2301:U.S. Postage stamp
2204:Southern Manifesto
2075:United States Code
2062:United States Code
1054:practical shooting
1041:
804:Prohibited persons
169:) on June 10, 1968
34:Other short titles
19:
2623:
2622:
2601:Hubert Humphrey →
2583:← John F. Kennedy
2231:Johnson Amendment
2137:Lyndon B. Johnson
1749:978-1-4767-4746-0
1505:18 U.S.C. 922 (d)
1314:978-1-58729-042-8
1257:978-0-393-04525-3
1120:American Rifleman
1088:Harry R. Woodward
1066:gun serial number
931:medical marijuana
769:American Rifleman
729:Lyndon B. Johnson
698:
697:
440:
439:
224:Lyndon B. Johnson
192:Passed the Senate
99:Statutes at Large
2663:
2612:
2611:
2183:
2171:
2163:
2152:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2032:. Archived from
2007:
1997:
1948:
1947:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1656:. Archived from
1655:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1581:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
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1530:
1528:
1516:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1426:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1357:. Archived from
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1204:smartgunlaws.org
1196:
1144:James A. McClure
975:antique firearms
714:U.S. federal law
690:
683:
676:
662:
661:
660:
641:Tiahrt Amendment
549:Firearm case law
459:
442:
441:
234:Major amendments
182:Passed the House
100:
77:October 22, 1968
55:
29:
22:
18:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2597:← Richard Nixon
2590:Richard Nixon →
2573:
2506:
2422:
2305:
2251:
2245:
2221:Operation Texas
2186:
2174:
2166:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2054:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2005:
1978:10.2307/1598883
1956:
1954:Further reading
1951:
1944:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1893:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1829:
1825:
1810:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1700:
1696:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1609:law.cornell.edu
1603:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1564:. October 1996.
1557:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1444:
1442:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1335:on July 7, 2014
1327:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1242:
1238:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1172:
1128:Guns & Ammo
1080:
1062:
1030:
1006:
994:in the business
967:
961:
806:
760:
694:
658:
656:
647:
600:
498:
473:
436:
278:
277:
229:
220:Signed into law
177:House Judiciary
98:
63:Enacted by
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2669:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2236:Box 13 scandal
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2164:
2153:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2081:
2068:
2053:
2052:External links
2050:
2049:
2048:
1998:
1972:(4): 721–737.
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1918:
1911:
1884:
1873:on May 6, 2012
1850:
1843:
1823:
1808:
1802:. MacFarlane.
1781:
1755:
1748:
1728:
1721:
1715:. MacFarlane.
1694:
1673:
1638:
1614:
1596:
1567:
1546:
1534:
1523:. Mother Jones
1508:
1497:
1475:
1452:
1416:
1408:New York Times
1394:
1386:New York Times
1372:
1361:on 7 June 2016
1355:"Common Sense"
1346:
1320:
1313:
1293:
1263:
1256:
1236:
1231:The New Yorker
1217:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1164:Emanuel Celler
1160:William Colmer
1155:Robert Spitzer
1079:
1076:
1061:
1058:
1029:
1026:
1005:
1002:
963:Main article:
960:
957:
900:
899:
898:
897:
891:
890:
889:
888:
882:
881:
880:
879:
873:
872:
871:
870:
855:
854:
853:
852:
846:
845:
844:
843:
805:
802:
783:Thomas J. Dodd
759:
756:
696:
695:
693:
692:
685:
678:
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667:
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653:
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571:
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561:
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546:
541:
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531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
494:
489:
484:
479:
477:Assault weapon
472:
471:
461:
460:
452:
451:
447:
446:
438:
437:
435:
434:
433:___ (2021)
414:
413:___ (2019)
394:
393:___ (2016)
374:
355:
336:
317:
298:
275:
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262:
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254:
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244:
236:
235:
231:
230:
228:
227:
217:
199:
189:
179:
170:
159:Emanuel Celler
151:
148:
147:
143:
142:
132:
128:
127:
122:
121:Titles amended
118:
117:
113:
112:
102:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
64:
60:
59:
56:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
16:US federal law
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2668:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2616:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2558:(grandfather)
2557:
2554:
2552:(grandfather)
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2495:
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2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:advertisement
2443:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
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2375:
2372:
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2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
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2332:
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2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
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2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2039:on 2013-03-31
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1943:9780765627452
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1912:9780765627452
1908:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1844:9780393077414
1840:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1809:9780976863304
1805:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1722:9780976863304
1718:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1691:. April 1998.
1690:
1683:
1677:
1663:on 2008-09-20
1659:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1578:
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1522:
1515:
1513:
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1501:
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1479:
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1324:
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1228:
1221:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1137:Nazi gun laws
1134:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:Franklin Orth
1111:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
976:
972:
966:
956:
954:
949:
947:
943:
938:
934:
932:
927:
923:
921:
917:
911:
907:
903:
895:
894:
893:
892:
886:
885:
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877:
876:
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874:
868:
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866:
865:
864:
861:
858:
850:
849:
848:
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841:
840:
839:
838:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
818:
816:
811:
801:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
778:
775:
774:Franklin Orth
771:
770:
765:
755:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
691:
686:
684:
679:
677:
672:
671:
669:
668:
665:
655:
654:
649:
644:
642:
639:
637:
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632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
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602:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
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488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
469:
465:
464:
463:
462:
458:
454:
453:
450:United States
449:
448:
444:
443:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
395:
392:
388:
384:
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379:
375:
372:
369:
365:
361:
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356:
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342:
341:
337:
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327:
323:
322:
318:
315:
312:
308:
304:
303:
299:
296:
293:
289:
285:
284:
280:
279:
271:
267:
263:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
237:
232:
225:
222:by President
221:
218:
215:
212:) and by the
211:
207:
203:
200:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
114:
111:
107:
103:
101:
95:
92:
89:
85:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
2607:
2588:
2581:
2570:(son-in-law)
2499:
2491:
2476:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2449:Johnson cult
2441:
2428:Public image
2261:Bibliography
2241:Bashir Ahmad
2086:as enacted (
2041:. Retrieved
2034:the original
2016:(2): 40–71.
2013:
2009:
1969:
1965:
1932:
1921:
1901:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:the original
1866:
1833:
1826:
1798:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1758:
1738:
1731:
1711:
1697:
1688:
1676:
1665:. Retrieved
1658:the original
1648:
1641:
1630:the original
1617:
1608:
1599:
1588:the original
1583:
1570:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1455:
1443:. Retrieved
1439:the original
1434:
1410:. p. 1.
1407:
1397:
1388:. p. 1.
1385:
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1323:
1303:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1279:
1246:
1239:
1230:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1203:
1194:
1152:
1141:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1081:
1074:
1063:
1042:
1007:
998:
993:
987:
983:
979:
968:
950:
944:created the
939:
935:
928:
924:
913:
909:
905:
901:
862:
859:
856:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
807:
787:
779:
767:
761:
741:
726:
709:
705:
701:
699:
558:
468:Amendment II
466:
416:
396:
376:
357:
338:
319:
300:
281:
219:
213:
205:
201:
191:
181:
172:
154:
116:Codification
54:(colloquial)
2502:(2017 film)
2494:(2014 film)
2477:All the Way
2472:(2002 film)
2470:Path to War
2182:(1937–1949)
2170:(1949–1961)
2162:(1961–1963)
2151:(1963–1969)
992:may not be
611:NY SAFE Act
492:Bump stocks
373: (2014)
354: (2009)
335: (2005)
316: (1997)
297: (1971)
2630:Categories
2568:Chuck Robb
2534:(daughter)
2528:(daughter)
2391:withdrawal
2250:Legacy and
2097:H.R. 17735
2043:2012-10-30
1837:. Norton.
1790:Knox, Neal
1703:Knox, Neal
1667:2007-05-10
1445:October 9,
1187:References
1131:magazine,
1078:Commentary
971:mail order
744:chapter 44
636:Suppressor
155:Introduced
87:Public law
58:GCA, GCA68
42:Long title
2546:(brother)
2485:2016 film
2481:2012 play
2311:Elections
2253:memorials
2090:) in the
2077:from the
1818:423586835
1792:(2009) .
1705:(2009) .
1118:wrote in
1084:Neal Knox
922:in 1962.
135:18 U.S.C.
82:Citations
74:Effective
2614:Category
2540:(father)
2379:campaign
2101:GovTrack
2030:15698747
1994:65016157
1527:June 21,
1170:See also
1050:plinking
1022:gunsmith
1000:of age.
718:firearms
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