1711:, and each court was named the "United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the _____ Circuit". When a court of appeals was created for the District of Columbia in 1893, it was named the "Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia", and it was renamed to the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia" in 1934. In 1948, Congress renamed all of the courts of appeals then existing to their current formal names: the court of appeals for each numbered circuit was named the "United States Court of Appeals for the _____ Circuit", and the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia" became the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit". The Tenth Circuit was created in 1929 by subdividing the existing Eighth Circuit, and the Eleventh Circuit was created in 1981 by subdividing the existing Fifth Circuit. The Federal Circuit was created in 1982 by the merger of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the appellate division of the United States Court of Claims.
4830:
1744:
29:
59:
126:
131:
1275:
1667:
law in the case at hand. A court of appeals applies the law as it exists at the time of the appeal; otherwise, it would be handing down decisions that would be instantly obsolete, and this would be a waste of time and resources, since such decisions could not be cited as precedent. " court is to apply the law in effect at the time it renders its decision, unless doing so would result in manifest injustice, or there is statutory direction or some legislative history to the contrary."
1287:
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in April, so that the revival of the old courts never took effect. The 1802 Act restored circuit riding, but with only one justice to a circuit; it therefore created six new circuits, but with slightly different compositions than the 1801 Act. These six circuits later were augmented by others. Until
3132:
reorganized the districts into six numbered circuits, and created circuit judgeships so that
Supreme Court justices would no longer have to ride circuit. This Act, however, was repealed in March 1802, and Congress provided that the former circuit courts would be revived as of July 1 of that year. But
1725:
Judicial councils are panels in each circuit that are charged with making "necessary and appropriate orders for the effective and expeditious administration of justice" within their circuits. Among their responsibilities is judicial discipline, the formulation of circuit policy, the implementation of
1512:
hold trials and thus determine punishments (in criminal cases) and remedies (in civil cases). Instead, appeals courts review decisions of trial courts for errors of law. Accordingly, an appeals court considers only the record (that is, the papers the parties filed and the transcripts and any exhibits
1666:
Federal and state laws can and do change from time to time, depending on the actions of
Congress and the state legislatures. Therefore, the law that exists at the time of the appeal might be different from the law that existed at the time of the events that are in controversy under civil or criminal
1602:
A court of appeals may also pose questions to the
Supreme Court for a ruling in the midst of reviewing a case. This procedure was formerly used somewhat commonly, but now it is quite rare. For example, while between 1937 and 1946 twenty 'certificate' cases were accepted, since 1947 the Supreme Court
3124:
justices and the local district judge; the three circuits existed solely for the purpose of assigning the justices to a group of circuit courts. Some districts (generally the ones most difficult for an itinerant justice to reach) did not have a circuit court; in these districts the district court
1698:
of a circuit court is granted as a matter of course to any attorney who is admitted to practice law in any state of the United States. The attorney submits an application, pays a fee, and takes the oath of admission. Local practice varies as to whether the oath is given in writing or in open court
1378:
The United States courts of appeals are considered the most powerful and influential courts in the United States after the
Supreme Court. Because of their ability to set legal precedent in regions that cover millions of Americans, the United States courts of appeals have strong policy influence on
1680:
Decisions made by the circuit courts only apply to the states within the court's oversight, though other courts may use the guidance issued by the circuit court in their own judgments. While a single case can only be heard by one circuit court, a core legal principle may be tried through multiple
1575:, and the Supreme Court may choose, in its sole discretion, to review any lower court ruling. In extremely rare cases, the Supreme Court may grant the writ of certiorari before the judgment is rendered by the court of appeals, thereby reviewing the lower court's ruling directly.
1557:. That is, one of the parties in the case could appeal a decision of a court of appeals to the Supreme Court, and it had to accept the case. The right of automatic appeal for most types of decisions of a court of appeals was ended by an Act of Congress, the
1528:. In a court of appeals, an appeal is almost always heard by a "panel" of three judges who are randomly selected from the available judges (including senior judges and judges temporarily assigned to the circuit). Some cases, however, receive an
3088:
This figure includes the 50 states, D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam, and the
Northern Mariana Islands, even though the latter two's district courts are not federal courts per se as noted above. The Federal appeals process has never been codified in
1734:
on the number and nature of orders entered during the year that relate to judicial misconduct. Judicial councils consist of the chief judge of the circuit and an equal number of circuit judges and district judges of the circuit.
1663:. Other federal courts in that circuit must, from that point forward, follow the appeals court's guidance in similar cases, regardless of whether the trial judge thinks that the case should be decided differently.
1449:. More recently, court decisions have also been made available electronically on official court websites. However, there are also a few federal court decisions that are classified for national security reasons.
1685:
among the circuit courts. Often, if there is a split decision between two or more circuits, and a related case is petitioned to the
Supreme Court, the Supreme Court will take that case as to resolve the split.
1491:
that moved periodically from place to place in "circuits" in order to serve the dispersed population in towns and the smaller cities that existed then. The "courts of appeals" system was established in the
1379:
U.S. law. Moreover, because the
Supreme Court chooses to review fewer than 3% of the 7,000 to 8,000 cases filed with it annually, the U.S. courts of appeals serve as the final arbiter on most federal cases.
1513:
from any trial) from the trial court, and the legal arguments of the parties. These arguments, which are presented in written form and can range in length from dozens to hundreds of pages, are known as
1538:
court consists of all of the circuit judges who are on active status, but it does not include the senior or assigned judges (except that under some circumstances, a senior judge may participate in an
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Plenary review, with oral arguments by attorneys, is granted in about 80 of those cases each Term, and the Court typically disposes of about 100 or more cases without plenary review.
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2018:
1962:
1928:
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32:
Map of the geographic boundaries of the various United States courts of appeals (numbered and colored) and United States district courts (marked by state boundaries or dotted lines)
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1992:
1987:
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exercised the original jurisdiction of a circuit court. As new states were admitted to the Union, Congress often did not create circuit courts for them for a number of years.
1656:
Circuits have established a
Bankruptcy Appellate Panel. Those circuits that do not have a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel have their bankruptcy appeals heard by the district court.
1355:. The courts of appeals are divided into 13 "Circuits". Eleven of the circuits are numbered "First" through "Eleventh" and cover geographic areas of the United States and hear
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1997:
1982:
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were established. The original three circuits were given distinct names, rather than numbers: the
Eastern, the Middle, and the Southern. Each circuit court consisted of two
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3062:- The Federal Circuit's jurisdiction is not based on geography; rather, the Federal Circuit has jurisdiction over the entire United States, for certain classes of cases.
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1859:
169:
158:
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1410:. They have lifetime tenure, earning (as of 2023) an annual salary of $ 246,600. The actual number of judges in service varies, both because of vacancies and because
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1487:, which were active from 1789 through 1911, during the time when long-distance transportation was much less available, and which were primarily first-level federal
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series since the courts were established. Only decisions that the courts designate for publication are included. The "unpublished" opinions (of all but the
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2006:
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The current procedure is that a party in a case may apply to the
Supreme Court to review a ruling of the circuit court. This is called petitioning for a
9354:
9212:
7613:
4013:
2421:
3093:, and matters of federal law arising in American Samoa have generally been adjudicated in U.S. district courts in Hawaii or the District of Columbia.
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8703:
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1731:
1617:, but the Supreme Court dismissed the question. The last instance of the Supreme Court accepting a set of questions and answering them was in 1982's
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In order to serve as counsel in a case appealed to a circuit court, the attorney must first be admitted to the bar of that circuit.
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The courts of appeals, and the lower courts and specific other bodies over which they have appellate jurisdiction, are as follows:
1727:
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10400:
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before a judge of the circuit, and most courts of appeals allow the applicant attorney to choose which method he or she prefers.
1057:
70:
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9644:
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8509:
8365:
7698:
7606:
4796:
4231:
2522:
1304:
1119:
1088:
1044:
1018:
958:
938:
836:
821:
464:
340:
139:
10385:
10273:
10143:
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9956:
9880:
9425:
9391:
8406:
8396:
8391:
8249:
8244:
8108:
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7733:
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2426:
1079:
963:
810:
259:
4760:
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10405:
10288:
10079:
10042:
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and court of appeals status in 1948. The courts of the District had been incorporated into the Federal Court System by the
1879:
1525:
1180:
180:
3138:
1866, each new circuit (except the short-lived California Circuit) was accompanied by a newly created Supreme Court seat.
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cases in separate circuit courts, creating an inconsistency between different parts of the United States. This creates a
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209:
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hears appeals from federal courts across the entire United States in cases involving certain specialized areas of law.
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hearing who participated at an earlier stage of the same case). Because of the large number of Appellate Judges in the
1518:
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1238:
1218:
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9931:
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However, the above rule cannot apply in criminal cases if the effect of applying the newer law would be to create an
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7824:
3079:- A justice may be assigned to more than one circuit, and two or more justices may be assigned to the same circuit.
2481:
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1720:
1483:
Although the courts of appeals are frequently called "circuit courts", they should not be confused with the former
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The number of circuits remained unchanged until the year after Rhode Island ratified the Constitution, when the
2574:
These are administrative bodies within the executive branch and are therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
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This is an administrative body within the legislative branch and therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
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19:
This article is about the federal appellate court system in place since 1912. For the pre-1912 system, see
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1561:, which also reorganized many other things in the federal court system. Passage of this law was urged by
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Many decades ago, certain classes of federal court cases held the right of an automatic appeal to the
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The Federal Circuit also has appellate jurisdiction over certain claims filed in any district court.
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status. Appellate jurisdiction from the Puerto Rico courts was assigned to the 1st Circuit in 1915.
1456:, and the one with the largest number of appellate judges is the geographically large and populous
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117:
109:
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1747:
Map of the boundaries of the United States courts of appeals and United States district courts
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does not have a district court or federal territorial court; federal matters there go to the
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before the appeals judges. At such hearings, only the parties' lawyers speak to the court.
1472:, while the places where those judges must regularly sit to hear appeals are prescribed in
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1659:
Courts of appeals decisions, unlike those of the lower federal courts, establish binding
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606:
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536:
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5809:
3984:, a federally established appellate court that is not considered a U.S. court of appeals
1414:
who continue to hear cases are not counted against the number of authorized judgeships.
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6978:
6968:
6882:
6862:
6817:
6797:
6772:
6578:
6543:
6538:
6442:
6437:
6396:
6341:
6229:
6123:
5976:
5925:
5900:
5789:
5784:
5728:
4578:
4430:
4372:
4349:
3823:
1891:
906:
741:
621:
586:
4443:
4246:
125:
10158:
9314:
8666:
8164:
8083:
8068:
7485:
7474:
7434:
7383:
7378:
7266:
7180:
7170:
7094:
7074:
7033:
6928:
6902:
6842:
6807:
6787:
6695:
6680:
6533:
6472:
6406:
6356:
6179:
6168:
6072:
6067:
6052:
6006:
5895:
5829:
5667:
5647:
4698:
4085:
2838:
1671:
1580:
916:
786:
746:
701:
601:
503:
398:
4755:
4563:
4385:
1504:
Because the courts of appeals possess only appellate jurisdiction, they do not hold
10074:
9921:
9627:
9447:
8457:
8298:
8281:
8276:
8115:
7530:
7444:
7424:
7393:
7373:
7368:
7226:
7175:
7119:
6973:
6958:
6948:
6867:
6731:
6660:
6594:
6427:
6199:
6047:
5996:
5986:
5874:
5718:
3922:
3232:
2411:
2387:
1437:
1423:
1418:
1417:
Decisions of the U.S. courts of appeals have been published by the private company
1368:
508:
5616:
4151:
3059:
9783:
9559:
9457:
9229:
8529:
8462:
8231:
8152:
8098:
7658:
7510:
7500:
7403:
7327:
7013:
6983:
6887:
6837:
6822:
6802:
6777:
6766:
6726:
6711:
6685:
6644:
6573:
6487:
6467:
6381:
6300:
6295:
6280:
6184:
6097:
6001:
5991:
5920:
5905:
5885:
5844:
5834:
5804:
5799:
5723:
5621:
5605:
4735:
4548:
4483:
2958:
2868:
2808:
2688:
1707:
When the courts of appeals were created in 1891, one was created for each of the
1336:
1291:
911:
393:
376:
366:
309:
245:
172:
4694:
Law in American History, Volume 1: From the Colonial Years Through the Civil War
4143:
4016:, an Article I tribunal that reviews decisions of the Board of Veterans' Appeals
3076:
1477:
1469:
1391:
10253:
10153:
9536:
8671:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8323:
8186:
8120:
7515:
7490:
7480:
7357:
7307:
7256:
7104:
7028:
6847:
6832:
6827:
6670:
6655:
6650:
6527:
6492:
6482:
6391:
6335:
6270:
6239:
6138:
6062:
5981:
5935:
5880:
5814:
5733:
5708:
5652:
5626:
5509:
4765:
4750:
3368:
3349:
1210:
1137:
5748:
1611:, 375 F.3d 238 (2d Cir. 2004), as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in
10650:
9234:
8534:
8343:
7978:
7551:
7317:
7261:
7236:
7160:
7150:
7063:
7003:
6938:
6897:
6877:
6812:
6721:
6675:
6553:
6432:
6411:
6234:
6107:
6057:
5890:
5794:
5779:
5753:
5743:
5738:
4462:"City of Mesquite v. Aladdin's Castle, Inc., 455 US 283 - Supreme Court 1982"
4043:
3730:
3170:
3155:
2183:
1803:
1682:
292:
234:
212:
161:
130:
4660:
4326:
Rule 35-3 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, Ninth Circuit Rules.
9541:
9513:
8568:
7591:
7576:
7571:
7495:
7241:
7099:
7069:
6998:
6852:
6665:
6609:
6497:
6401:
6386:
6371:
6346:
6244:
5966:
5662:
5657:
4114:
The pre-existing territorial district court of Puerto Rico was elevated to
3797:
3784:
3262:
3202:
2988:
2928:
2778:
2748:
2718:
2628:
1847:
1411:
388:
371:
359:
223:
150:
4523:
9818:
9349:
8686:
8588:
8328:
8191:
7947:
7803:
7408:
7271:
7251:
7155:
6907:
6792:
6690:
6568:
6563:
6548:
6376:
6366:
6219:
6214:
6174:
5824:
5631:
4728:
3961:
3504:
3217:
2898:
1950:
1514:
1488:
381:
4050:, and the Massachusetts District, comprising the remainder of the state.
1286:
8681:
8487:
8313:
8308:
8226:
7023:
6599:
5915:
5839:
4067:
into the Kentucky District, comprising what is now the Commonwealth of
3894:
3666:
3247:
2011:
1572:
1442:
4740:
4618:"Geographic Boundaries of US Courts of Appeals and US District Courts"
1517:. Sometimes lawyers are permitted to add to their written briefs with
10170:
10163:
7388:
7018:
4399:"US v. Penaranda, 375 F. 3d 238 - Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit 2004"
4097:
The pre-existing courts of the District of Columbia were elevated to
4010:, an Article I tribunal that hears appeals of court-martial decisions
3683:
3651:
3472:
3425:
2119:
1660:
1524:
The rules that govern the procedure in the courts of appeals are the
275:
8353:
8303:
6872:
4071:, and the Virginia District, comprising the remainder of the state.
4068:
4064:
3879:
3769:
3756:
3589:
3570:
3553:
3519:
3330:
3311:
3296:
3277:
1546:(29), only ten judges, chosen at random, and the Chief Judge hear
5561:
3909:
3849:
3810:
3606:
3536:
3491:
3410:
2328:
2070:
1530:
1446:
4386:
The Death of the Supreme Court's Certified Question Jurisdiction
2599:
figures, the population residing in each circuit is as follows.
1452:
The circuit with the smallest number of appellate judges is the
4020:
United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
3948:
3935:
3743:
3713:
3698:
2274:
1764:
1356:
4633:
2550:
tribunals and are therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
4697:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 197.
4047:
4046:
into the Maine District, comprising what is now the State of
3988:
Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts
3836:
3621:
3185:
1505:
4328:
http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/rules/frap.pdf
4171:
3864:
3636:
3457:
3444:
1200:
1205:
1441:, and they are also available in on-line databases like
1386:
on the U.S. courts of appeals authorized by Congress in
4289:, Federal Judicial Center (last visited March 5, 2014).
1464:
has authorized for each circuit is set forth by law in
4199:
3033:
3022:
3017:
3012:
2993:
2978:
2968:
2963:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2918:
2908:
2903:
2888:
2878:
2873:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2828:
2818:
2813:
2798:
2788:
2783:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2738:
2728:
2723:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2678:
2668:
2663:
2648:
2638:
2633:
4818:
List of United States district and territorial courts
4283:
The U.S. Courts of Appeals and the Federal Judiciary
2510:
2508:
2506:
1603:
has accepted only four. The Second Circuit, sitting
4008:
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
4247:"The Supreme Court at Work: The Term and Caseload"
4138:The assignment of judicial circuits is defined by
4014:United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
5422:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
4686:
4684:
3112:established three circuits, which were groups of
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2503:
1732:Administrative Office of the United States Courts
456:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
10648:
9382:Native American recognition in the United States
4795:
1534:hearing. Except in the Ninth Circuit Court, the
1460:in the Far West. The number of judges that the
2528:
1730:, and the annual submission of a report to the
4681:
2553:
1607:, attempted to use this procedure in the case
9779:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
7963:
7607:
5547:
4781:
4615:
4172:Brian Duignan, Gloria Lotha (July 20, 1998).
3998:List of United States courts of appeals cases
1351:, and their decisions can be appealed to the
1312:
7621:
4589:
4209:Executive Office for United States Attorneys
3993:List of current United States circuit judges
2542:
2540:
4444:"United States v. Penaranda, 543 U.S. 1117"
4080:The first District of Ohio encompassed the
7977:
7970:
7956:
7614:
7600:
5554:
5540:
5407:Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation
4788:
4774:
4307:United States Court of Appeals 2nd Circuit
4205:"Introduction To The Federal Court System"
4158:falls within the same judicial circuit as
1319:
1305:
9392:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
4756:United States Appeals Courts @ OpenJurist
4751:Official site of the United States Courts
4517:
4515:
4513:
2537:
1619:City of Mesquite v. Aladdin's Castle, Inc
1589:, and in the 2005 decision involving the
10667:Courts and tribunals established in 1891
10662:1891 establishments in the United States
5417:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
4592:"2020 Population and Housing State Data"
4525:Judicial Discipline Process: An Overview
4494:from the original on September 25, 2023.
4409:from the original on September 19, 2023.
4228:Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts
2577:
2467:Office of Congressional Workplace Rights
2442:Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals
2246:District of the Northern Mariana Islands
1742:
1728:Judicial Conference of the United States
27:
9443:List of counties and county equivalents
4521:
451:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
441:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
40:This article is part of a series on the
16:Post-1891 U.S. appellate circuit courts
10672:Federal judiciary of the United States
10649:
4510:
4132:
1738:
1343:. They hear appeals of cases from the
7951:
7595:
5535:
4769:
4690:
4303:"IOP 35.1. En Banc Poll and Decision"
3982:District of Columbia Court of Appeals
2590:
1636:of its circuit. As of 2008, only the
1435:) are published separately in West's
811:Elections in the District of Columbia
5466:Former United States district courts
4761:Federal Court Concepts, Georgia Tech
4634:Supreme Court of the United States.
4472:from the original on August 1, 2022.
4025:
3930:District of Columbia Circuit, 1948–
2422:Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
1726:policy directives received from the
1714:
1526:Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure
1396:Article III of the U.S. Constitution
1181:United States and the United Nations
413:Inferior Courts of the United States
4522:Barbour, Emily C. (April 7, 2011),
4273:U.S. Courts. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
1677:to the detriment of the defendant.
285:Vice President of the United States
13:
4828:
4808:Supreme Court of the United States
4388:", 59 Cath. U. L. Rev. 483 (2010).
2521:and are therefore not part of the
2452:Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
1939:Southern District of West Virginia
1934:Northern District of West Virginia
1914:Western District of North Carolina
1904:Eastern District of North Carolina
1555:Supreme Court of the United States
1353:Supreme Court of the United States
349:Supreme Court of the United States
57:
14:
10683:
8788:Director of National Intelligence
4722:
3582:6th, 1863–1866 (Eastern District)
3580:9th, 1851–1863 (Eastern District)
3480:9th, 1837–1842 (Eastern District)
1909:Middle District of North Carolina
1624:A court of appeals may convene a
79:Constitution of the United States
8944:Government Accountability Office
7677:
4741:History of the Federal Judiciary
4287:History of the Federal Judiciary
4174:"United States Court of Appeals"
2620:Population per authorized judge
2482:Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
1978:Southern District of Mississippi
1973:Northern District of Mississippi
1875:Western District of Pennsylvania
1865:Eastern District of Pennsylvania
1721:Judicial council (United States)
1285:
1273:
524:Elections by State and Territory
129:
124:
10657:United States courts of appeals
5564:United States courts of appeals
4813:United States courts of appeals
4653:
4627:
4609:
4583:
4568:
4553:
4538:
4498:
4476:
4454:
4436:
4413:
4391:
4378:
4355:
4332:
4108:
4091:
4074:
4053:
4032:
3082:
3065:
3048:
2216:Southern District of California
2211:Northern District of California
1870:Middle District of Pennsylvania
1702:
1341:United States federal judiciary
1333:United States courts of appeals
1186:United Nations Security Council
1089:District of Columbia Government
10587:Separation of church and state
8803:National Reconnaissance Office
8746:President of the United States
4533:Congressional Research Service
4484:"28 U.S. Code § 158 - Appeals"
4320:
4292:
4276:
4264:
4239:
4215:
4193:
4165:
2462:Merit Systems Protection Board
2457:International Trade Commission
2261:Western District of Washington
2256:Eastern District of Washington
2206:Eastern District of California
2201:Central District of California
1880:District of the Virgin Islands
1544:Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
1404:president of the United States
302:United States Attorney General
268:President of the United States
1:
7664:Bill (United States Congress)
5412:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
4507:, 416 U.S. 696, 711-12 (1974)
4249:. United States Supreme Court
4125:
3674:California Circuit, 1855–1863
2472:Patent Trial and Appeal Board
2400:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
2302:Northern District of Oklahoma
2108:Western District of Wisconsin
2103:Eastern District of Wisconsin
2088:Southern District of Illinois
2083:Northern District of Illinois
2059:Western District of Tennessee
2049:Eastern District of Tennessee
1968:Western District of Louisiana
1958:Eastern District of Louisiana
1826:Southern District of New York
1821:Northern District of New York
1591:Federal Sentencing Guidelines
1345:United States district courts
446:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
8949:Government Publishing Office
8417:Technological and industrial
5481:Eastern District of Illinois
5402:Court of International Trade
4797:United States federal courts
4505:Bradley v. Richmond Sch. Bd.
4116:United States district court
4099:United States district court
3147:Judicial District(s) created
3118:United States circuit courts
3095:see also : GAO-08-1124T
2987:
2957:
2927:
2897:
2867:
2837:
2807:
2777:
2747:
2717:
2687:
2657:
2627:
2617:Percentage of US population
2447:Bureau of Justice Assistance
2432:Court of International Trade
2383:District of Columbia Circuit
2376:Southern District of Georgia
2371:Northern District of Georgia
2361:Southern District of Florida
2356:Northern District of Florida
2346:Southern District of Alabama
2341:Northern District of Alabama
2307:Western District of Oklahoma
2297:Eastern District of Oklahoma
2157:Western District of Missouri
2152:Eastern District of Missouri
2132:Western District of Arkansas
2127:Eastern District of Arkansas
2098:Southern District of Indiana
2093:Northern District of Indiana
2078:Central District of Illinois
2054:Middle District of Tennessee
2034:Western District of Michigan
2029:Eastern District of Michigan
2024:Western District of Kentucky
2019:Eastern District of Kentucky
1963:Middle District of Louisiana
1929:Western District of Virginia
1924:Eastern District of Virginia
1831:Western District of New York
1816:Eastern District of New York
1689:
1499:
1485:United States circuit courts
1402:, they are nominated by the
1365:District of Columbia Circuit
1349:U.S. administrative agencies
436:Court of International Trade
7:
10421:Women's reproductive health
9387:Federally recognized tribes
9250:Public utilities commission
9154:Public Health Service Corps
9057:Code of Federal Regulations
8939:Congressional Budget Office
8793:Central Intelligence Agency
8699:Water supply and sanitation
8126:Declaration of Independence
4488:Legal Information Institute
3975:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
2983:
2953:
2923:
2893:
2863:
2833:
2803:
2773:
2743:
2713:
2683:
2653:
2623:
2601:
1709:nine circuits then existing
21:United States circuit court
10:
10688:
9599:Red states and blue states
9504:City commission government
9499:Council–manager government
5486:District of the Canal Zone
4223:"Court Role and Structure"
4201:U.S. Department of Justice
3103:
2984:
2954:
2924:
2894:
2864:
2834:
2804:
2774:
2744:
2714:
2684:
2654:
2624:
2366:Middle District of Georgia
2351:Middle District of Florida
2336:Middle District of Alabama
1993:Southern District of Texas
1988:Northern District of Texas
1919:District of South Carolina
1718:
1626:Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
1609:United States v. Penaranda
1577:Certiorari before judgment
1363:within their borders. The
18:
10608:
10434:
10307:
10239:
9892:
9888:
9879:
9827:
9692:
9683:
9579:
9550:
9527:
9466:
9433:
9424:
9367:
9355:Comparison of governments
9330:
9293:
9270:
9186:
9166:
9097:
9035:
8957:
8880:
8738:
8729:
8725:
8716:
8438:
8429:
8374:
8334:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
8175:drafting and ratification
8148:Articles of Confederation
8061:
7995:
7986:
7812:
7789:Law School Admission Test
7774:
7752:
7697:
7686:
7675:
7629:
7539:
7466:
7457:
7417:
7349:
7340:
7280:
7207:
7198:
7128:
7055:
7046:
6916:
6758:
6749:
6704:
6636:
6627:
6587:
6519:
6510:
6420:
6327:
6318:
6258:
6160:
6151:
6116:
6028:
6019:
5949:
5866:
5857:
5772:
5694:
5685:
5640:
5597:
5588:
5570:
5504:
5458:
5430:
5394:
4917:
4839:
4826:
4803:
4691:White, G. Edward (2012).
4154:which specifies that the
2597:2020 United States Census
2142:Southern District of Iowa
2137:Northern District of Iowa
2044:Southern District of Ohio
2039:Northern District of Ohio
1998:Western District of Texas
1983:Eastern District of Texas
1782:District of New Hampshire
1777:District of Massachusetts
877:List of political parties
10374:Prescription drug prices
9494:Mayor–council government
9484:Coterminous municipality
9474:Consolidated city-county
9240:Agriculture commissioner
8890:House of Representatives
8798:National Security Agency
8448:Contiguous United States
7623:Law of the United States
5445:Northern Mariana Islands
4156:Northern Mariana Islands
2438:Administrative agencies
2172:District of South Dakota
2167:District of North Dakota
1792:District of Rhode Island
1632:cases directly from the
1280:United States portal
792:Northern Mariana Islands
140:House of Representatives
10459:Criticism of government
9804:Social welfare programs
9397:State-recognized tribes
8382:Outline of U.S. history
8094:Continental Association
4745:Federal Judicial Center
4734:April 10, 2021, at the
4362:United States v. Booker
4179:Encyclopædia Britannica
3133:it then passed the new
2477:Personnel Appeals Board
2427:Court of Federal Claims
1811:District of Connecticut
1787:District of Puerto Rico
1596:United States v. Booker
1009:Individualist anarchism
181:Congressional districts
10521:Environmental movement
10364:Health insurance costs
10259:Educational attainment
9784:Federal Reserve System
9742:Science and technology
9245:Insurance commissioner
8783:Intelligence Community
8478:minor outlying islands
8241:Civil rights movement
4833:
4729:Info about U.S. courts
4339:United States v. Nixon
3449:1801 (abolished 1802)
3150:Circuit assignment(s)
2292:District of New Mexico
1860:District of New Jersey
1748:
1586:United States v. Nixon
1146:Diplomatic missions of
1024:Political polarization
494:Presidential elections
118:United States Congress
62:
33:
10347:Immigrant health care
9862:Transportation safety
9857:Transportation policy
9847:Public transportation
8917:President pro tempore
8773:Executive departments
8542:National Park Service
8197:Territorial evolution
5522:its own Supreme Court
4832:
4636:"Circuit Assignments"
4420:Blakely v. Washington
4271:Judicial Compensation
4103:Judiciary Act of 1925
4061:Judiciary Act of 1789
4040:Judiciary Act of 1789
3135:Judiciary Act of 1802
3110:Judiciary Act of 1789
2147:District of Minnesota
1746:
1614:Blakely v. Washington
1559:Judiciary Act of 1925
1510:original jurisdiction
1494:Judiciary Act of 1891
1406:and confirmed by the
1335:are the intermediate
221:President Pro Tempore
61:
31:
10516:Environmental issues
10181:Political ideologies
10080:Indigenous languages
9280:List of legislatures
9077:separation of powers
8778:Independent agencies
8704:World Heritage Sites
8339:September 11 attacks
8262:Spanish–American War
8202:Mexican–American War
8158:Confederation period
8089:Continental Congress
7799:Admission to the bar
7649:Separation of powers
5514:District of Columbia
4997:District of Columbia
3923:District of Columbia
2608:Supervising justice
2395:District of Columbia
2282:District of Colorado
2162:District of Nebraska
1899:District of Maryland
1855:District of Delaware
1696:Admission to the bar
1408:United States Senate
1361:U.S. district courts
1150:in the United States
890:Political ideologies
514:Presidential primary
10359:Health care finance
9852:Rail transportation
9618:Imperial presidency
9340:State constitutions
9285:List of legislators
9235:Auditor/Comptroller
9208:Lieutenant governor
8934:Library of Congress
8825:Diplomatic Security
8468:Indian reservations
8131:American Revolution
7739:International Trade
5476:District of Potomac
5471:District of Orleans
4616:US Circuit Courts.
4086:Indiana Territories
4003:State supreme court
3397:Southern, 1789–1801
3376:Southern, 1789–1801
3357:Southern, 1790–1801
3130:Midnight Judges Act
2317:District of Wyoming
2236:District of Montana
2196:District of Arizona
1836:District of Vermont
1739:Circuit composition
1628:to hear appeals in
1579:was granted in the
1566:William Howard Taft
1508:. Only courts with
1292:Politics portal
1127:Department of State
802:U.S. Virgin Islands
10469:affirmative action
10442:Capital punishment
10401:Poverty and health
10396:Physician shortage
10369:Health care prices
10299:Standard of living
9982:standard of living
9789:Financial position
9416:Hawaiian home land
9404:Indian reservation
9377:Tribal sovereignty
9220:Secretary of state
9089:United States Code
9005:Territorial courts
8977:Associate Justices
8862:Inspector generals
8349:War in Afghanistan
8212:Reconstruction era
8079:Stamp Act Congress
7835:Child sexual abuse
7825:Administrative law
7669:United States Code
7631:Constitutional law
5579:represent current
5496:District of Berlin
5432:Territorial courts
4834:
4590:US Census Bureau.
3418:Eastern, 1791–1801
3240:Eastern, 1789–1801
3225:Eastern, 1789–1801
3210:Eastern, 1790–1801
3193:Eastern, 1789–1801
3178:Eastern, 1789–1801
3163:Eastern, 1789–1801
3114:judicial districts
2611:Authorized judges
2591:Circuit population
2519:territorial courts
2287:District of Kansas
2251:District of Oregon
2241:District of Nevada
2226:District of Hawaii
2191:District of Alaska
1749:
1573:writ of certiorari
1134:Secretary of State
504:Off-year elections
486:National Elections
193:Non-voting members
71:Federal government
63:
34:
10644:
10643:
10604:
10603:
10600:
10599:
10570:National security
10279:Income inequality
10159:Statue of Liberty
9962:income inequality
9875:
9874:
9867:Trucking industry
9679:
9678:
9675:
9674:
9606:Foreign relations
9594:Electoral College
9575:
9574:
9363:
9362:
9315:District attorney
9162:
9161:
8989:Courts of appeals
8712:
8711:
8425:
8424:
8366:COVID-19 pandemic
8319:Feminist Movement
8165:American frontier
8084:Thirteen Colonies
7945:
7944:
7770:
7769:
7725:
7589:
7588:
7585:
7584:
7453:
7452:
7336:
7335:
7194:
7193:
7042:
7041:
6745:
6744:
6623:
6622:
6506:
6505:
6314:
6313:
6147:
6146:
6015:
6014:
5931:Montgomery-Reeves
5853:
5852:
5681:
5680:
5529:
5528:
5491:District of China
5211:North Carolina (
4841:Courts of appeals
4232:Federal Judiciary
4230:on behalf of the
4026:Explanatory notes
3973:
3972:
3319:Middle, 1789–1801
3304:Middle, 1789–1801
3285:Middle, 1789–1801
3270:Middle, 1789–1801
3255:Middle, 1789–1801
3039:
3038:
2523:federal judiciary
2491:
2490:
2231:District of Idaho
1772:District of Maine
1715:Judicial councils
1581:Watergate scandal
1433:Eleventh Circuits
1329:
1328:
1168:Visa requirements
1120:Foreign relations
1019:Political culture
959:Constitutionalism
837:Political parties
822:List of Elections
509:Primary elections
499:Midterm elections
421:Courts of appeals
49:
10679:
10624:
10617:
10504:African American
10386:Health insurance
10274:Household income
10144:National symbols
10075:American English
10048:Federal holidays
9957:household income
9890:
9889:
9886:
9885:
9690:
9689:
9628:Anti-Americanism
9552:Special district
9479:Independent city
9448:County executive
9431:
9430:
9225:Attorney general
9184:
9183:
9173:Federal District
8756:Executive Office
8736:
8735:
8727:
8726:
8723:
8722:
8483:populated places
8463:federal enclaves
8458:federal district
8436:
8435:
8299:American Century
8282:Great Depression
8277:Roaring Twenties
8237:Women's suffrage
8116:Halifax Resolves
8109:Founding Fathers
8104:military history
8069:Pre-colonial era
7993:
7992:
7972:
7965:
7958:
7949:
7948:
7845:Conflict of laws
7719:
7695:
7694:
7681:
7616:
7609:
7602:
7593:
7592:
7464:
7463:
7347:
7346:
7205:
7204:
7053:
7052:
6756:
6755:
6634:
6633:
6517:
6516:
6325:
6324:
6158:
6157:
6026:
6025:
5864:
5863:
5692:
5691:
5595:
5594:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5533:
5532:
5395:Specialty courts
5363:West Virginia (
4790:
4783:
4776:
4767:
4766:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4688:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4665:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4640:supremecourt.gov
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4587:
4581:
4579:§ 332(1)(a)
4572:
4566:
4557:
4551:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4519:
4508:
4502:
4496:
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4474:
4473:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4440:
4434:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4395:
4389:
4384:Aaron Nielson, "
4382:
4376:
4359:
4353:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4296:
4290:
4280:
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4095:
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4072:
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4051:
4036:
3141:
3140:
3097:
3086:
3080:
3069:
3063:
3052:
3035:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
2995:
2985:Federal Circuit
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2890:
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2770:
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2602:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2551:
2544:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2512:
2324:Eleventh Circuit
2312:District of Utah
2221:District of Guam
1754:
1753:
1634:bankruptcy court
1438:Federal Appendix
1424:Federal Reporter
1337:appellate courts
1321:
1314:
1307:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1097:District Council
1080:Local government
964:Environmentalism
328:Executive Office
323:Federal agencies
133:
128:
48:Politics of the
47:
36:
35:
10687:
10686:
10682:
10681:
10680:
10678:
10677:
10676:
10647:
10646:
10645:
10640:
10627:
10620:
10613:
10596:
10582:Opioid epidemic
10499:Native American
10479:intersex rights
10430:
10426:Life expectancy
10416:Medical deserts
10406:Race and health
10303:
10289:Personal income
10235:
10139:National anthem
9972:personal income
9937:Economic issues
9871:
9823:
9671:
9571:
9560:School district
9546:
9529:Minor divisions
9523:
9462:
9420:
9359:
9345:Statutory codes
9326:
9289:
9266:
9176:
9171:
9158:
9093:
9050:civil liberties
9031:
9022:Other tribunals
9001:District courts
8953:
8912:current members
8895:current members
8876:
8810:Law enforcement
8708:
8421:
8370:
8361:Great Recession
8232:Progressive Era
8222:Native genocide
8153:Perpetual Union
8141:Treaty of Paris
8099:United Colonies
8057:
7982:
7976:
7946:
7941:
7840:Civil procedure
7808:
7766:
7748:
7689:
7682:
7673:
7659:Act of Congress
7633:
7625:
7620:
7590:
7581:
7535:
7459:Federal Circuit
7449:
7413:
7332:
7276:
7190:
7124:
7038:
6912:
6741:
6700:
6619:
6583:
6559:Jackson-Akiwumi
6502:
6416:
6310:
6254:
6143:
6112:
6011:
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5768:
5677:
5636:
5584:
5566:
5560:
5530:
5525:
5500:
5454:
5426:
5390:
5288:South Carolina
4919:District courts
4913:
4835:
4822:
4799:
4794:
4736:Wayback Machine
4725:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4707:
4705:
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4682:
4672:
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4037:
4033:
4028:
3978:
3903:
3888:
3873:
3858:
3778:
3724:
3722:
3707:
3706:10th, 1863–1866
3692:
3677:
3676:10th, 1863–1866
3675:
3660:
3645:
3630:
3615:
3600:
3598:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3564:
3562:
3547:
3545:
3530:
3528:
3513:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3452:6th, 1801–1802
3438:
3436:
3434:
3419:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3343:
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3324:
3322:
3320:
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3101:
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2587:
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2554:
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2513:
2504:
2493:
2407:Federal Circuit
2066:Seventh Circuit
1741:
1723:
1717:
1705:
1692:
1583:-related case,
1502:
1419:West Publishing
1373:Federal Circuit
1325:
1296:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1215:
1197:
1177:
1158:Nationality law
1154:
1142:
1122:
1112:
1111:
1084:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1015:
950:
892:
882:
881:
873:
853:
839:
829:
828:
816:
806:
528:
520:
490:
481:
471:
470:
465:Other tribunals
460:
426:District courts
408:
343:
333:
332:
314:
310:Merrick Garland
262:
252:
251:
246:Mitch McConnell
243:Minority Leader
232:Majority Leader
197:
173:Hakeem Jeffries
170:Minority Leader
159:Majority Leader
135:
112:
102:
101:
73:
50:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10685:
10675:
10674:
10669:
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10589:
10584:
10579:
10578:
10577:
10567:
10566:
10565:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10538:Mass shootings
10535:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10526:Climate change
10523:
10513:
10508:
10507:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10464:Discrimination
10461:
10456:
10455:
10454:
10444:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10431:
10429:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10378:
10377:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10356:
10355:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10319:
10313:
10311:
10305:
10304:
10302:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10254:American Dream
10251:
10245:
10243:
10237:
10236:
10234:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10221:Transportation
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10167:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10154:Mount Rushmore
10151:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10125:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10094:
10089:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10067:
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9839:
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9831:
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9824:
9822:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9774:Federal budget
9771:
9766:
9761:
9760:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9712:Communications
9709:
9704:
9693:
9687:
9681:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9673:
9672:
9670:
9669:
9664:
9663:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9642:
9641:
9640:
9635:
9633:exceptionalism
9630:
9620:
9615:
9614:
9613:
9611:foreign policy
9603:
9602:
9601:
9596:
9586:
9580:
9577:
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9342:
9336:
9334:
9328:
9327:
9325:
9324:
9323:
9322:
9312:
9311:
9310:
9308:Chief justices
9303:Supreme courts
9299:
9297:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9287:
9282:
9276:
9274:
9268:
9267:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9262:
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9242:
9237:
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9190:
9181:
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9163:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9145:
9144:
9142:National Guard
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9103:
9101:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9091:
9086:
9085:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9059:
9054:
9053:
9052:
9045:Bill of Rights
9041:
9039:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9015:list of judges
9012:
9010:list of courts
8998:
8997:
8996:
8994:list of judges
8986:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8963:
8961:
8955:
8954:
8952:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8929:Capitol Police
8926:
8925:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8897:
8886:
8884:
8878:
8877:
8875:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8858:
8857:
8852:
8850:Secret Service
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8763:Vice President
8760:
8759:
8758:
8753:
8742:
8740:
8733:
8720:
8714:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
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8643:
8642:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8551:
8550:
8549:
8547:National Parks
8539:
8538:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8507:
8502:
8500:Extreme points
8497:
8492:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8439:
8433:
8427:
8426:
8423:
8422:
8420:
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8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
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8378:
8376:
8372:
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8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8295:
8294:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8187:Federalist Era
8184:
8183:
8182:
8180:Bill of Rights
8177:
8167:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8155:
8145:
8144:
8143:
8138:
8128:
8123:
8121:Lee Resolution
8118:
8113:
8112:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8071:
8065:
8063:
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8015:
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7943:
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7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7878:
7877:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7850:Constitutional
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7816:
7814:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7806:
7801:
7796:
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7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
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7731:
7726:
7714:
7709:
7703:
7701:
7699:Federal courts
7692:
7684:
7683:
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7674:
7672:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
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7646:
7640:
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7596:
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6309:
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6232:
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6110:
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6017:
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6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
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5870:
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5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5601:
5599:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5562:Judges of the
5559:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5536:
5527:
5526:
5510:American Samoa
5508:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5462:
5460:
5459:Extinct courts
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5450:Virgin Islands
5447:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5372:
5361:
5350:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5310:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5262:Pennsylvania (
5260:
5255:
5240:
5229:
5224:
5209:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5178:New Hampshire
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5149:
5138:
5133:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5092:
5081:
5076:
5065:
5054:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5014:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4960:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4923:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4738:
4724:
4723:External links
4721:
4718:
4717:
4703:
4680:
4661:"GAO-08-1124T"
4652:
4626:
4608:
4582:
4575:28 U.S.C.
4567:
4560:28 U.S.C.
4552:
4545:28 U.S.C.
4537:
4509:
4497:
4475:
4466:Google Scholar
4453:
4435:
4412:
4403:Google Scholar
4390:
4377:
4354:
4331:
4319:
4291:
4275:
4263:
4238:
4214:
4192:
4164:
4148:48 U.S.C.
4140:28 U.S.C.
4130:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4107:
4090:
4073:
4052:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4011:
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4000:
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3941:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3902:8th, 1912–1929
3900:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3887:8th, 1907–1929
3885:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3872:8th, 1896–1929
3870:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3857:8th, 1890–1929
3855:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3777:8th, 1876–1929
3775:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3723:8th, 1866–1929
3721:9th, 1863–1866
3719:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3691:9th, 1863–1866
3689:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3672:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3659:8th, 1863–1866
3657:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3644:9th, 1863–1866
3642:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3629:6th, 1863–1866
3627:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3614:5th, 1863–1981
3612:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3599:8th, 1863–1866
3597:7th, 1837–1863
3595:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3578:9th, 1837–1851
3576:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3563:9th, 1863–1866
3561:8th, 1837–1863
3559:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3546:5th, 1842–1981
3544:9th, 1837–1842
3542:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3529:8th, 1863–1866
3527:7th, 1837–1863
3525:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3512:9th, 1837–1863
3510:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3484:6th, 1863–1866
3482:5th, 1842–1863
3478:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3465:7th, 1807–1866
3463:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3437:8th, 1837–1863
3435:7th, 1807–1837
3433:6th, 1801–1802
3431:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3403:5th, 1863–1981
3401:6th, 1802–1863
3399:5th, 1801–1802
3395:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3382:5th, 1863–1866
3380:6th, 1802–1863
3378:5th, 1801–1802
3374:
3371:
3369:South Carolina
3365:
3364:
3361:6th, 1842–1863
3359:5th, 1801–1842
3355:
3352:
3350:North Carolina
3346:
3345:
3342:8th, 1837–1863
3340:7th, 1807–1837
3338:6th, 1801–1802
3336:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3323:5th, 1802–1842
3321:4th, 1801–1802
3317:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3289:4th, 1802–1866
3287:3rd, 1801–1802
3283:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3195:1st, 1801–1820
3191:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3091:American Samoa
3081:
3073:28 U.S.C.
3064:
3056:28 U.S.C.
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2552:
2536:
2527:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2115:Eighth Circuit
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1887:Fourth Circuit
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1799:Second Circuit
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1740:
1737:
1719:Main article:
1716:
1713:
1704:
1701:
1691:
1688:
1683:split decision
1519:oral arguments
1501:
1498:
1474:28 U.S.C.
1466:28 U.S.C.
1400:federal judges
1388:28 U.S.C.
1384:179 judgeships
1369:Washington, DC
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1249:European Union
1246:
1244:United Kingdom
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1152:
1141:
1140:
1138:Antony Blinken
1130:
1129:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:Superior Court
1104:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1006:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
974:Libertarianism
971:
966:
961:
956:
949:
948:
947:
946:
941:
931:
930:
929:
927:Traditionalist
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
893:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
872:
871:
870:
869:
864:
852:
851:
846:
840:
835:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
815:
814:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
782:American Samoa
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
727:South Carolina
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
692:North Carolina
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
527:
526:
519:
518:
517:
516:
506:
501:
496:
489:
488:
482:
477:
476:
473:
472:
469:
468:
459:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
423:
417:
416:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
363:
362:
353:
352:
344:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
325:
320:
313:
312:
306:
305:
297:
296:
289:
288:
280:
279:
272:
271:
263:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
239:
238:
228:
227:
217:
216:
206:
205:
196:
195:
189:
188:
177:
176:
166:
165:
155:
154:
144:
143:
122:
121:
113:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
83:
82:
74:
69:
68:
65:
64:
54:
53:
43:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10684:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10654:
10652:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10628:
10623:
10619:
10616:
10612:
10611:
10607:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10576:
10573:
10572:
10571:
10568:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10518:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10511:Energy policy
10509:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10466:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10453:
10452:incarceration
10450:
10449:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10439:
10437:
10433:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10361:
10360:
10357:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10337:Prenatal care
10335:
10333:
10332:Birth control
10330:
10328:
10325:
10324:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10314:
10312:
10310:
10306:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10269:Homeownership
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10246:
10244:
10242:
10238:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10146:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10099:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10049:
10046:
10045:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10032:
10029:
10028:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10001:
10000:
9997:
9993:
9992:working class
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9952:homeownership
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9939:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9899:
9897:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9878:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9834:
9832:
9830:
9826:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9732:Manufacturing
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9699:
9698:
9695:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9682:
9668:
9665:
9661:
9660:Third parties
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9647:
9646:
9643:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9612:
9609:
9608:
9607:
9604:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9591:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9581:
9578:
9566:
9563:
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9558:
9557:
9555:
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9549:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9530:
9526:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9471:
9469:
9465:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9440:
9438:
9436:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9423:
9417:
9414:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9405:
9402:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9384:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9374:
9372:
9370:
9366:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9335:
9333:
9329:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9316:
9313:
9309:
9306:
9305:
9304:
9301:
9300:
9298:
9296:
9292:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9273:
9269:
9261:
9258:
9257:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9209:
9206:
9202:
9199:
9198:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9191:
9189:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9174:
9169:
9165:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9109:
9108:
9105:
9104:
9102:
9100:
9096:
9090:
9087:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9051:
9048:
9047:
9046:
9043:
9042:
9040:
9038:
9034:
9028:
9027:U.S. attorney
9025:
9023:
9020:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9007:
9006:
9002:
8999:
8995:
8992:
8991:
8990:
8987:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8972:Chief Justice
8970:
8969:
8968:
8967:Supreme Court
8965:
8964:
8962:
8960:
8956:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8905:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8883:
8879:
8873:
8872:Public policy
8870:
8868:
8867:Civil service
8865:
8863:
8860:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8812:
8811:
8808:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8743:
8741:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8715:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8649:
8648:
8644:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8556:
8555:
8552:
8548:
8545:
8544:
8543:
8540:
8536:
8535:Sierra Nevada
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8473:insular zones
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8428:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8373:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8344:War on Terror
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8324:LGBT Movement
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8293:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
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8178:
8176:
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8166:
8163:
8159:
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8154:
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8150:
8149:
8146:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8064:
8060:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7985:
7980:
7979:United States
7973:
7968:
7966:
7961:
7959:
7954:
7953:
7950:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7912:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7876:
7873:
7872:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7830:Child custody
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7811:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7777:
7773:
7763:
7762:State supreme
7760:
7759:
7757:
7755:
7751:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7723:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7690:United States
7688:Courts of the
7685:
7680:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7617:
7612:
7610:
7605:
7603:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7578:
7575:
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7560:
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7532:
7529:
7527:
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7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
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7502:
7499:
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7492:
7489:
7487:
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7462:
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7456:
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7422:
7420:
7416:
7410:
7407:
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7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
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7365:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7355:
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7352:
7348:
7345:
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7339:
7329:
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6879:
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6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
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6779:
6776:
6774:
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6768:
6764:
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6761:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6748:
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6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6709:
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6703:
6697:
6694:
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6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
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6659:
6657:
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6639:
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6626:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
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6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5942:
5941:1 seat vacant
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5569:
5565:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5545:
5543:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5293:South Dakota
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Rhode Island
5281:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5227:North Dakota
5225:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5140:Mississippi (
5139:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5121:
5120:Massachusetts
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4779:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4706:
4704:9780190634940
4700:
4696:
4695:
4687:
4685:
4669:
4662:
4656:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4619:
4612:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4564:§ 332(g)
4561:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4526:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4506:
4501:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4312:September 10,
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4272:
4267:
4260:
4253:September 12,
4248:
4242:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4146:, along with
4145:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4117:
4111:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4049:
4045:
4044:Massachusetts
4041:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:West Virginia
3729:
3728:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Massachusetts
3169:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:New Hampshire
3154:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3122:Supreme Court
3119:
3115:
3111:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2955:11th Circuit
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2925:10th Circuit
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2625:D.C. Circuit
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2531:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2270:Tenth Circuit
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:San Francisco
2181:
2180:
2179:Ninth Circuit
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2007:Sixth Circuit
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1946:Fifth Circuit
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1843:Third Circuit
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:New York City
1801:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1760:First Circuit
1756:
1755:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1700:
1697:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1673:ex post facto
1668:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:Chief Justice
1560:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:U.S. Congress
1459:
1458:Ninth Circuit
1455:
1454:First Circuit
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1412:senior judges
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:. Like other
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:Latin America
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
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994:Republicanism
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767:West Virginia
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357:Chief Justice
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293:Kamala Harris
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235:Chuck Schumer
233:
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213:Kamala Harris
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162:Steve Scalise
160:
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51:United States
45:
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38:
37:
30:
26:
22:
10553:Human rights
10533:Gun politics
10484:Islamophobia
10474:antisemitism
10342:Hospice care
10284:Middle class
10264:Homelessness
10241:Social class
10201:Social class
10065:Human rights
10055:Homelessness
9967:middle class
9932:Demographics
9907:Architecture
9814:Unemployment
9794:Labor unions
9542:Town meeting
9519:City council
9514:City manager
9255:State police
9117:Marine Corps
9107:Armed Forces
9082:civil rights
9062:Constitution
8988:
8634:Southwestern
8629:Southeastern
8619:Northwestern
8614:Northeastern
8579:Mid-Atlantic
8569:Great Plains
8287:World War II
8170:Constitution
8074:Colonial era
8053:2008–present
7892:Human rights
7813:Types of law
7754:State courts
7711:
7654:Civil rights
7473:
7356:
7342:D.C. Circuit
7214:
7200:11th Circuit
7062:
7048:10th Circuit
6765:
6643:
6526:
6448:Suhrheinrich
6334:
6276:Higginbotham
6167:
6035:
5940:
5873:
5701:
5604:
5581:chief judges
5576:
5563:
5352:Washington (
5278:Puerto Rico
4962:California (
4840:
4812:
4708:. Retrieved
4693:
4671:. Retrieved
4667:
4655:
4643:. Retrieved
4639:
4629:
4611:
4599:. Retrieved
4595:
4585:
4570:
4555:
4540:
4524:
4504:
4500:
4487:
4478:
4465:
4456:
4447:
4438:
4419:
4415:
4402:
4393:
4380:
4361:
4357:
4338:
4334:
4322:
4310:. Retrieved
4306:
4298:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4266:
4258:
4251:. Retrieved
4241:
4226:
4217:
4208:
4195:
4185:February 10,
4183:. Retrieved
4177:
4167:
4134:
4110:
4093:
4076:
4055:
4034:
3904:10th, 1929–
3889:10th, 1929–
3874:10th, 1929–
3859:10th, 1929–
3798:South Dakota
3785:North Dakota
3779:10th, 1929–
3725:10th, 1929–
3616:11th, 1981–
3548:11th, 1981–
3405:11th, 1981–
3263:Pennsylvania
3203:Rhode Island
3127:
3107:
3094:
3084:
3067:
3050:
2895:9th Circuit
2865:8th Circuit
2835:7th Circuit
2805:6th Circuit
2775:5th Circuit
2745:4th Circuit
2715:3rd Circuit
2685:2nd Circuit
2655:1st Circuit
2594:
2579:
2530:
2492:
2405:
2404:
2381:
2380:
2322:
2321:
2268:
2267:
2177:
2176:
2113:
2112:
2064:
2063:
2005:
2004:
1944:
1943:
1885:
1884:
1848:Philadelphia
1841:
1840:
1797:
1796:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1724:
1706:
1703:Nomenclature
1693:
1679:
1672:
1669:
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1623:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1594:
1584:
1570:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1503:
1489:trial courts
1482:
1451:
1436:
1422:
1416:
1394:pursuant to
1381:
1377:
1367:covers only
1332:
1330:
1087:
1063:Legislatures
1043:
954:Abolitionism
897:Conservatism
819:
809:
732:South Dakota
722:Rhode Island
717:Pennsylvania
697:North Dakota
523:
485:
463:
420:
411:
360:John Roberts
347:
300:
283:
266:
224:Patty Murray
200:
151:Mike Johnson
138:
123:
116:
77:
39:
25:
10558:Immigration
10489:LGBT rights
10391:Food safety
10226:Video games
9819:Wall Street
9799:Public debt
9702:Agriculture
9638:nationalism
9350:Uniform act
9272:Legislative
9179:Territorial
9137:Coast Guard
9132:Space Force
8882:Legislative
8677:Red (South)
8667:Mississippi
8589:New England
8525:Appalachian
8495:Earthquakes
8392:Discoveries
8387:Demographic
8329:Vietnam War
8272:World War I
8267:Imperialism
8217:Indian Wars
8192:War of 1812
7804:Reading law
7636:legislation
6944:O'Scannlain
6751:9th Circuit
6629:8th Circuit
6534:Easterbrook
6512:7th Circuit
6320:6th Circuit
6153:5th Circuit
6088:Quattlebaum
6021:4th Circuit
5859:3rd Circuit
5687:2nd Circuit
5590:1st Circuit
5575:· Names in
5374:Wisconsin (
5297:Tennessee (
5192:New York (
5188:New Mexico
5183:New Jersey
5094:Louisiana (
4987:Connecticut
4710:January 16,
4668:www.gao.gov
4601:January 21,
4433: (2004)
4375: (2005)
4352: (1974)
4152:§ 1821
3969:1st, 1966–
3962:Puerto Rico
3956:9th, 1959–
3943:9th, 1959–
3917:9th, 1912–
3844:9th, 1890–
3831:9th, 1889–
3818:9th, 1889–
3805:8th, 1889–
3792:8th, 1889–
3764:8th, 1867–
3751:9th, 1866–
3738:4th, 1863–
3708:9th, 1866–
3693:8th, 1866–
3678:9th, 1866–
3661:7th, 1866–
3646:8th, 1866–
3631:5th, 1866–
3601:6th, 1866–
3584:8th, 1866–
3565:8th, 1866–
3531:7th, 1866–
3514:5th, 1863–
3505:Mississippi
3499:7th, 1837–
3486:5th, 1866–
3467:6th, 1866–
3439:6th, 1863–
3420:2nd, 1801–
3384:4th, 1866–
3363:4th, 1863–
3344:6th, 1863–
3325:4th, 1842–
3306:4th, 1801–
3291:3rd, 1866–
3272:3rd, 1801–
3257:3rd, 1801–
3242:2nd, 1801–
3227:2nd, 1801–
3218:Connecticut
3212:1st, 1801–
3197:1st, 1820–
3180:1st, 1801–
3165:1st, 1801–
3060:§ 1295
3023:335,023,466
2614:Population
1951:New Orleans
1259:Arab League
1173:Visa policy
1049:Territorial
862:Libertarian
797:Puerto Rico
647:Mississippi
562:Connecticut
110:Legislature
10651:Categories
10592:Xenophobia
10381:Disability
10322:Healthcare
10231:Visual art
10176:Philosophy
10122:television
10112:newspapers
10102:journalism
10092:Literature
10004:attainment
9655:Republican
9650:Democratic
9623:Ideologies
9584:Corruption
9149:NOAA Corps
9072:preemption
9067:federalism
8682:Rio Grande
8584:Midwestern
8564:West Coast
8559:East Coast
8402:Inventions
8314:Space Race
8309:Korean War
8292:home front
8227:Gilded Age
7784:Law school
7729:Bankruptcy
7644:Federalism
7526:Cunningham
7358:Srinivasan
6458:Batchelder
6407:Bloomekatz
6382:Nalbandian
6230:Engelhardt
6083:Richardson
5703:Livingston
5622:Montecalvo
5341:Virginia (
5242:Oklahoma (
5151:Missouri (
5124:Michigan (
5083:Kentucky (
5041:Illinois (
4951:Arkansas (
4596:Census.gov
4549:§ 332
4126:References
3895:New Mexico
3824:Washington
3667:California
3248:New Jersey
2969:37,274,374
2939:18,636,936
2909:67,050,034
2879:21,690,565
2849:25,491,754
2819:33,293,455
2789:36,764,541
2759:32,160,146
2729:23,368,788
2699:24,450,270
2669:14,153,058
2546:These are
2516:article IV
2514:These are
2412:Washington
2388:Washington
2012:Cincinnati
1661:precedents
1630:bankruptcy
1443:LexisNexis
1382:There are
1051:government
1037:Federalism
979:Monarchism
934:Liberalism
849:Republican
844:Democratic
762:Washington
682:New Mexico
677:New Jersey
552:California
10575:Terrorism
10352:Rationing
10249:Affluence
10196:Sexuality
10164:Uncle Sam
10070:Languages
9999:Education
9942:affluence
9902:Americana
9829:Transport
9727:Insurance
9717:Companies
9697:By sector
9589:Elections
9230:Treasurer
9188:Executive
9127:Air Force
9099:Uniformed
8922:President
8739:Executive
8510:Mountains
8443:Territory
8431:Geography
8255:1954–1968
8250:1896–1954
8245:1865–1896
8207:Civil War
8048:1991–2008
8043:1980–1991
8038:1964–1980
8033:1945–1964
8028:1917–1945
8023:1865–1917
8018:1849–1865
8013:1815–1849
8008:1789–1815
8003:1776–1789
7996:By period
7875:Procedure
7865:Corporate
7776:Education
7557:Clevenger
7364:Henderson
7328:J. Carnes
7313:E. Carnes
7298:Edmondson
7232:Rosenbaum
7085:Bacharach
7075:Tymkovich
6979:Silverman
6974:S. Thomas
6959:Kleinfeld
6954:Fernandez
6934:D. Nelson
6929:Schroeder
6903:Johnstone
6888:H. Thomas
6828:R. Nelson
6818:Friedland
6783:Rawlinson
6579:Maldonado
6463:Daughtrey
6357:Kethledge
6296:Barksdale
6210:Higginson
6195:Southwick
6043:Wilkinson
5957:Stapleton
5805:Calabresi
5573:Full list
5136:Minnesota
5056:Indiana (
5016:Georgia (
5001:Florida (
4926:Alabama (
4144:§ 41
4082:Northwest
3684:Minnesota
3652:Wisconsin
3473:Louisiana
3426:Tennessee
3116:in which
3077:§ 42
3034:1,871,639
2979:3,106,198
2949:1,553,078
2919:2,312,070
2889:1,971,870
2869:Kavanaugh
2859:2,317,432
2829:2,080,841
2809:Kavanaugh
2799:2,162,620
2769:2,144,010
2739:1,669,199
2709:1,880,790
2689:Sotomayor
2679:2,358,843
2595:Based on
2548:article I
2120:St. Louis
1690:Attorneys
1500:Procedure
1478:§ 48
1470:§ 44
1392:§ 43
1359:from the
1347:and some
1163:Passports
1058:Governors
1004:Anarchism
999:Socialism
772:Wisconsin
737:Tennessee
642:Minnesota
617:Louisiana
479:Elections
394:Kavanaugh
377:Sotomayor
341:Judiciary
276:Joe Biden
260:Executive
210:President
10631:Category
10327:Abortion
10191:Religion
10149:Columbia
10107:internet
10043:Holidays
10038:Folklore
10009:literacy
9947:eviction
9837:Aviation
9809:Taxation
9764:Currency
9757:by state
9667:Scandals
9537:Township
9295:Judicial
9196:Governor
8959:Judicial
8845:Marshals
8718:Politics
8672:Missouri
8662:Columbia
8657:Colorado
8652:Arkansas
8645:Longest
8624:Southern
8609:Northern
8453:counties
8407:Military
8397:Economic
8375:By topic
8354:Iraq War
8304:Cold War
8062:By event
7897:Juvenile
7870:Criminal
7860:Property
7855:Contract
7820:Abortion
7717:District
7440:Randolph
7435:Sentelle
7430:Ginsburg
7293:Anderson
7237:J. Pryor
7216:W. Pryor
7146:Anderson
7141:Porfilio
7120:Federico
7090:Phillips
7080:Matheson
7029:N. Smith
6994:Fletcher
6803:Christen
6793:M. Smith
6788:Callahan
6681:Erickson
6671:Shepherd
6661:Gruender
6645:Colloton
6615:Hamilton
6493:McKeague
6103:Benjamin
6048:Niemeyer
5901:Restrepo
5886:Hardiman
5875:Chagares
5810:Cabranes
5744:Robinson
5714:Sullivan
5673:Thompson
5648:Campbell
5627:Rikelman
5168:Nebraska
5115:Maryland
4992:Delaware
4982:Colorado
4732:Archived
4673:March 2,
4645:March 2,
4492:Archived
4470:Archived
4448:Casetext
4407:Archived
4299:See e.g.
4069:Kentucky
4065:Virginia
4063:divided
4042:divided
3976:See also
3880:Oklahoma
3770:Colorado
3757:Nebraska
3590:Michigan
3571:Arkansas
3554:Missouri
3520:Illinois
3331:Kentucky
3312:Virginia
3297:Maryland
3278:Delaware
3233:New York
2605:Circuit
1892:Richmond
984:Populism
969:Feminism
757:Virginia
707:Oklahoma
687:New York
662:Nebraska
652:Missouri
637:Michigan
627:Maryland
612:Kentucky
592:Illinois
567:Delaware
557:Colorado
547:Arkansas
92:Taxation
10615:Outline
10563:illegal
10548:Smoking
10411:Obesity
10294:Poverty
10216:Theater
10206:Society
10060:Housing
10021:Fashion
9977:poverty
9922:Cuisine
9894:Culture
9881:Society
9842:Driving
9769:Exports
9747:Tourism
9707:Banking
9685:Economy
9645:Parties
9489:Charter
9453:Sheriff
8900:Speaker
8768:Cabinet
8731:Federal
8639:Western
8604:Eastern
8599:Central
8594:Pacific
8554:Regions
8505:Islands
7988:History
7907:Privacy
7902:Martial
7712:Appeals
7707:Supreme
7577:Wallach
7506:Taranto
7425:Edwards
7379:Wilkins
7374:Pillard
7369:Millett
7288:Tjoflat
7267:Brasher
7186:O'Brien
7171:Briscoe
7151:Baldock
7136:Seymour
7115:Rossman
7034:Hurwitz
7014:Clifton
7009:Tallman
6989:McKeown
6969:Tashima
6964:Hawkins
6924:Wallace
6908:de Alba
6893:Mendoza
6883:Sanchez
6868:VanDyke
6863:Bumatay
6858:Forrest
6843:Collins
6823:Bennett
6773:Wardlaw
6767:Murguia
6717:Wollman
6549:St. Eve
6544:Scudder
6539:Brennan
6478:Gibbons
6387:Readler
6362:Stranch
6352:Griffin
6306:Clement
6250:Ramirez
6245:Douglas
6215:Willett
6185:Stewart
6169:Richman
6129:Traxler
6098:Heytens
6093:Rushing
6073:Thacker
6058:Gregory
5997:Fuentes
5987:Rendell
5972:Nygaard
5962:Scirica
5926:Freeman
5891:Shwartz
5759:Merriam
5734:Menashi
5729:Nardini
5612:Kayatta
5386:Wyoming
5337:Vermont
5312:Texas (
5163:Montana
4947:Arizona
4909:Federal
3910:Arizona
3850:Wyoming
3811:Montana
3607:Florida
3537:Alabama
3492:Indiana
3411:Vermont
3390:Georgia
3104:History
2989:Roberts
2929:Gorsuch
2839:Barrett
2749:Roberts
2659:Jackson
2639:689,545
2629:Roberts
2418:Courts
2329:Atlanta
2071:Chicago
1605:en banc
1550:cases.
1548:en banc
1540:en banc
1536:en banc
1531:en banc
1447:Westlaw
1421:in the
1357:appeals
1339:of the
902:history
777:Wyoming
752:Vermont
657:Montana
597:Indiana
577:Georgia
572:Florida
542:Arizona
532:Alabama
404:Jackson
399:Barrett
389:Gorsuch
318:Cabinet
148:Speaker
10636:Portal
10543:Hunger
10494:racism
10435:Issues
10309:Health
10211:Sports
10171:People
10016:Family
9987:wealth
9912:Cinema
9737:Mining
9722:Energy
9467:Cities
9435:County
9369:Tribal
8907:Senate
8751:powers
8647:rivers
8520:ranges
8488:states
8412:Postal
7922:Sports
7882:Energy
7794:US bar
7734:Claims
7567:Bryson
7562:Schall
7552:Plager
7540:Senior
7516:Hughes
7486:Lourie
7481:Newman
7467:Active
7445:Rogers
7418:Senior
7409:Garcia
7399:Childs
7394:Walker
7384:Katsas
7350:Active
7323:Marcus
7303:Dubina
7281:Senior
7247:Branch
7242:Newsom
7227:Jordan
7222:Wilson
7208:Active
7181:Murphy
7176:Lucero
7156:Brorby
7129:Senior
7110:Carson
7100:Moritz
7095:McHugh
7064:Holmes
7056:Active
7004:Berzon
6984:Graber
6917:Senior
6833:Miller
6808:Nguyen
6759:Active
6737:Melloy
6732:Arnold
6727:Hansen
6712:Bowman
6705:Senior
6666:Benton
6637:Active
6610:Rovner
6605:Ripple
6588:Senior
6554:Kirsch
6520:Active
6483:Rogers
6473:Gilman
6443:Norris
6421:Senior
6402:Mathis
6392:Murphy
6377:Larsen
6367:Thapar
6336:Sutton
6328:Active
6301:Dennis
6291:Wiener
6259:Senior
6240:Wilson
6235:Oldham
6225:Duncan
6205:Graves
6200:Haynes
6161:Active
6134:Keenan
6117:Senior
6108:Berner
6078:Harris
6029:Active
6007:Fisher
5950:Senior
5921:Phipps
5911:Porter
5896:Krause
5881:Jordan
5867:Active
5845:Carney
5830:Wesley
5820:Parker
5795:Jacobs
5790:Walker
5785:Kearse
5780:Newman
5773:Senior
5754:Nathan
5719:Bianco
5709:Lohier
5695:Active
5668:Howard
5641:Senior
5632:Aframe
5606:Barron
5598:Active
5518:Hawaii
5258:Oregon
5231:Ohio (
5173:Nevada
5079:Kansas
5067:Iowa (
5032:Hawaii
4942:Alaska
4701:
4577:
4562:
4547:
4150:
4142:
3949:Hawaii
3936:Alaska
3744:Nevada
3714:Kansas
3699:Oregon
3075:
3058:
3009:Total
2974:11.13%
2959:Thomas
2914:20.01%
2794:10.97%
2649:62,685
2275:Denver
1765:Boston
1652:, and
1646:Eighth
1515:briefs
1506:trials
1476:
1468:
1390:
1371:. The
1239:Canada
1219:Russia
1073:Courts
939:Modern
922:Social
917:Paleo-
712:Oregon
667:Nevada
607:Kansas
582:Hawaii
537:Alaska
367:Thomas
202:Senate
97:Policy
10622:Index
10447:Crime
10317:Aging
10134:Names
10129:Music
10117:radio
10097:Media
9927:Dance
9917:Crime
9752:Trade
9509:Mayor
9458:Clerk
9426:Local
9168:State
8687:Yukon
8530:Rocky
8515:peaks
7937:Trust
7927:State
7911:State
7547:Mayer
7531:Stark
7521:Stoll
7501:Reyna
7496:Prost
7475:Moore
7308:Black
7272:Abudu
7262:Lagoa
7252:Grant
7166:Kelly
7070:Hartz
7019:Bybee
6949:Trott
6939:Canby
6898:Desai
6853:Bress
6813:Owens
6798:Ikuta
6778:Gould
6696:Kobes
6691:Stras
6686:Grasz
6676:Kelly
6656:Smith
6651:Loken
6600:Flaum
6595:Bauer
6574:Kolar
6569:Pryor
6528:Sykes
6498:White
6453:Siler
6438:Boggs
6397:Davis
6342:Moore
6281:Davis
6271:Jolly
6190:Elrod
6180:Smith
6175:Jones
6139:Floyd
6002:Smith
5992:Ambro
5982:McKee
5967:Cowen
5936:Chung
5916:Matey
5906:Bibas
5835:Lynch
5825:Raggi
5800:Leval
5749:Pérez
5663:Lipez
5658:Lynch
5653:Selya
5617:Gelpí
5520:, or
5110:Maine
5037:Idaho
4664:(PDF)
4621:(PDF)
4529:(PDF)
4426:
4368:
4345:
4048:Maine
3966:1966
3953:1959
3940:1959
3927:1948
3914:1912
3899:1912
3884:1907
3869:1896
3854:1890
3841:1890
3837:Idaho
3828:1889
3815:1889
3802:1889
3789:1889
3774:1876
3761:1867
3748:1864
3735:1863
3718:1861
3703:1859
3688:1858
3671:1850
3656:1848
3641:1846
3626:1845
3622:Texas
3611:1845
3594:1837
3575:1836
3558:1821
3541:1819
3524:1818
3509:1817
3496:1816
3477:1812
3462:1803
3430:1796
3415:1791
3394:1789
3373:1789
3354:1790
3335:1789
3316:1789
3301:1789
3282:1789
3267:1789
3252:1789
3237:1789
3222:1789
3207:1790
3190:1789
3186:Maine
3175:1789
3160:1789
3144:State
3042:Notes
2944:5.56%
2899:Kagan
2884:6.47%
2854:7.60%
2824:9.94%
2779:Alito
2764:9.61%
2734:6.98%
2719:Alito
2704:7.30%
2674:4.23%
2644:0.21%
2497:Notes
1654:Tenth
1650:Ninth
1642:Sixth
1638:First
1429:Fifth
1234:Japan
1229:India
1224:China
1102:Mayor
1045:State
907:Black
867:Green
742:Texas
622:Maine
587:Idaho
382:Kagan
372:Alito
10186:Race
10031:list
10026:Flag
9565:list
9409:list
9320:list
9260:list
9213:list
9201:list
9177:and
9122:Navy
9112:Army
8982:list
8694:Time
8574:Gulf
7932:Tort
7917:Race
7722:list
7634:and
7572:Linn
7511:Chen
7318:Hull
7257:Luck
7161:Ebel
6999:Paez
6878:Sung
6838:Bade
6722:Beam
6488:Cook
6468:Cole
6433:Ryan
6412:Ritz
6372:Bush
6347:Clay
6286:Duhé
6266:King
6124:Motz
6068:Wynn
6063:Agee
6053:King
6037:Diaz
5977:Roth
5840:Chin
5815:Sack
5764:Kahn
5724:Park
5577:bold
5505:Note
5440:Guam
5332:Utah
4899:11th
4894:10th
4712:2022
4699:ISBN
4675:2023
4647:2023
4603:2022
4428:U.S.
4370:U.S.
4347:U.S.
4314:2020
4255:2021
4187:2024
4160:Guam
4084:and
4059:The
4038:The
3865:Utah
3637:Iowa
3458:Ohio
3445:Ohio
3108:The
3071:Per
3054:Per
3028:100%
3004:N/A
3001:N/A
2998:N/A
1431:and
1331:The
1201:NATO
1067:list
1047:and
912:Neo-
787:Guam
747:Utah
702:Ohio
602:Iowa
430:list
185:list
10085:ASL
9332:Law
9037:Law
8855:TSA
8840:ICE
8835:FBI
8830:DEA
8820:CBP
8815:ATF
8136:War
7887:Gun
7744:Tax
7491:Dyk
7404:Pan
7389:Rao
7105:Eid
7024:Bea
6873:Koh
6848:Lee
6564:Lee
6428:Guy
5739:Lee
4889:9th
4884:8th
4879:7th
4874:6th
4869:5th
4864:4th
4859:3rd
4854:2nd
4849:1st
4431:296
4424:542
4373:220
4366:543
4350:683
4343:418
3018:179
1675:law
1445:or
1206:G20
295:(D)
278:(D)
248:(R)
237:(D)
226:(D)
215:(D)
175:(D)
164:(R)
153:(R)
87:Law
10653::
6220:Ho
5516:,
5378:,
5367:,
5356:,
5345:,
5324:,
5320:,
5316:,
5305:,
5301:,
5270:,
5266:,
5250:,
5246:,
5235:,
5219:,
5215:,
5204:,
5200:,
5196:,
5155:,
5144:,
5128:,
5102:,
5098:,
5087:,
5071:,
5060:,
5049:,
5045:,
5024:,
5020:,
5009:,
5005:,
4974:,
4970:,
4966:,
4955:,
4934:,
4930:,
4904:DC
4683:^
4666:.
4638:.
4594:.
4531:,
4512:^
4490:.
4486:.
4468:.
4464:.
4446:.
4422:,
4405:.
4401:.
4364:,
4341:,
4305:.
4285:,
4257:.
4225:.
4207:.
4203:.
4176:.
2994:12
2964:12
2934:12
2904:29
2874:11
2844:11
2814:16
2784:17
2754:15
2724:14
2694:13
2634:11
2555:^
2539:^
2505:^
2414:)
2390:)
2331:)
2277:)
2186:)
2122:)
2073:)
2014:)
1953:)
1894:)
1850:)
1806:)
1767:)
1648:,
1644:,
1640:,
1621:.
1599:.
1593:,
1568:.
1496:.
1480:.
1211:G7
1191:P5
1148:/
1136::
9175:,
9170:,
9003:/
7971:e
7964:t
7957:v
7913:)
7909:(
7724:)
7720:(
7615:e
7608:t
7601:v
5583:.
5555:e
5548:t
5541:v
5524:.
5382:)
5380:W
5376:E
5371:)
5369:S
5365:N
5360:)
5358:W
5354:E
5349:)
5347:W
5343:E
5328:)
5326:W
5322:S
5318:N
5314:E
5309:)
5307:W
5303:M
5299:E
5274:)
5272:W
5268:M
5264:E
5254:)
5252:W
5248:N
5244:E
5239:)
5237:S
5233:N
5223:)
5221:W
5217:M
5213:E
5208:)
5206:W
5202:S
5198:N
5194:E
5159:)
5157:W
5153:E
5148:)
5146:S
5142:N
5132:)
5130:W
5126:E
5106:)
5104:W
5100:M
5096:E
5091:)
5089:W
5085:E
5075:)
5073:S
5069:N
5064:)
5062:S
5058:N
5053:)
5051:S
5047:N
5043:C
5028:)
5026:S
5022:N
5018:M
5013:)
5011:S
5007:N
5003:M
4978:)
4976:S
4972:N
4968:E
4964:C
4959:)
4957:W
4953:E
4938:)
4936:S
4932:N
4928:M
4789:e
4782:t
4775:v
4747:)
4743:(
4714:.
4677:.
4649:.
4623:.
4605:.
4450:.
4316:.
4235:.
4211:.
4189:.
4162:.
4105:.
4088:.
3032:~
3013:9
2664:6
2525:.
2410:(
2386:(
2327:(
2273:(
2182:(
2118:(
2069:(
2010:(
1949:(
1890:(
1846:(
1802:(
1763:(
1320:e
1313:t
1306:v
1069:)
1065:(
824:)
820:(
432:)
428:(
187:)
183:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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