666:
657:
officials to do so if requested. The difference between a United States Note and a
Federal Reserve Note is that a United States Note represented a "bill of credit" and, since it was issued by the government itself and does not involve either lending or borrowing, was inserted by the Treasury directly into circulation free of interest. The twelve Federal Reserve Banks issue them into circulation pursuant to the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. A commercial bank belonging to the Federal Reserve System can obtain Federal Reserve Notes from the Federal Reserve Bank in its district whenever it wishes. It must pay for them in full, dollar for dollar, by drawing down its account with its district Federal Reserve Bank.
333:
par. The rationale for these terms was that the Union government would preserve its credit-worthiness by supporting the value of its bonds by paying their interest in gold. Early in the war, customs duties were a large part of government tax revenue and by making these payable in gold, the government would generate the coin necessary to make the interest payments on the bonds. Lastly, by making the bonds available for purchase at par in United States Notes, the value of the latter would be confirmed as well. The limitations of the legal tender status were quite controversial.
2759:
2284:
2508:
2073:
2044:
217:
2015:
1986:
1931:
2773:
1902:
1873:
1813:
1842:
1784:
1755:
1726:
1697:
1579:
1465:
2205:
2167:
2131:
1668:
1639:
1610:
1550:
1521:
1492:
1436:
1403:
1374:
1283:
417:
180:
1345:
1316:
1157:
923:
1254:
1225:
1196:
1128:
1099:
1070:
1041:
1012:
983:
954:
2745:
2429:
40:
3960:
535:
was a significant figure at the time, it is now a very small fraction of the total currency in circulation in the United States. The year 1879 found
Sherman, now Secretary of the Treasury, in possession of sufficient specie to redeem notes as requested, but as this brought the value of the greenbacks
471:
were outstanding during
February 1868. By this time, the wartime economic prosperity was ended, the crop harvest was poor, and a financial panic in Great Britain caused a recession and a sharp decrease of prices in the United States. The contraction of the money supply was blamed for the deflationary
332:
as they could not be used by merchants to pay customs duties on imports and could not be used by the government to pay interest on its bonds. The Act did provide that the notes be receivable by the government for short term deposits at 5% interest, and for the purchase of 6% interest 20-year bonds at
236:
The beginning of 1862 found the Union's expenses increasing, and the government was having trouble funding the escalating war. U.S. Demand Notes—which were used, among other things, to pay Union soldiers—were unredeemable, and the value of the notes began to deteriorate. Congressman and
527:, and required the government to redeem them for gold, on demand, after January 1, 1879. As a result, the currency strengthened and by April 1876, the notes were on par with silver coins which then began to re-emerge into circulation. On May 31, 1878, the contraction in the circulation was halted at
877:
Section 5119(b)(2) of Title 31, United States Code, was amended by the Riegle
Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–325) to read as follows: "The Secretary shall not be required to reissue United States currency notes upon redemption." This does not change the
341:
debts, denounced the exceptions, calling the new bill "mischievous" because it made United States Notes an intentionally depreciated currency for the masses, while the banks who loaned to the government got "sound money" in gold. This controversy would continue until the removal of the exceptions
2705:
The states in the far west stayed loyal to the Union, but also had hard money sympathies. During the specie suspension from 1862 to 1878, western states used the gold dollar as a unit of account whenever possible and accepted greenbacks at a discount wherever they could. The preferred forms of
203:
payable on demand. These Demand Notes were paid to creditors directly and used to meet the payroll of soldiers in the field. While issued within the legal framework of
Treasury Note Debt, the Demand Notes were intended to circulate as currency and were of the same size as banknotes and closely
656:
of 1933. Both have been used in circulation as money in the same way. However, the issuing authority for them came from different statutes. United States Notes are, depending on their issue, redeemable directly for precious metal – as after the specie resumption of 1879 which authorized federal
878:
legal tender status of United States Notes nor does it require a recall of those notes already in circulation. This provision means that United States Notes are to be canceled and destroyed but not reissued. This will eventually result in a decrease in the amount of these notes outstanding.
539:
While the United States Notes had been used as a form of debt issuance during the Civil War, afterwards they were used as a way of moderately influencing the money supply by the federal government—such as through the actions of
Boutwell and Richardson. During the
503:
was a maximum as well as a minimum, no legislation was passed to assert the committee's opinion. Starting in 1872, Boutwell and
Richardson used the "reserve" to counteract seasonal demands for currency, and eventually expanded the circulation of the Greenbacks to
3967:
256:
million in notes as legal tender. This caused tremendous controversy in
Congress, as hitherto the Constitution had been interpreted as not granting the government the power to issue a paper currency. "The bill before us is a war measure, a measure of
623:
In
September 1994, the Riegle Improvement Act released the Treasury from its long-standing obligation to keep United States Notes in circulation. Just prior to the Riegle act, the treasury considered releasing its large remaining stockpile of unissued
327:
Legal tender status guaranteed that creditors would have to accept the notes despite the fact that they were not backed by gold, bank deposits, or government reserves, and had no interest. However, the First Legal Tender Act did not make the notes an
261:, and not of choice," Spaulding argued before the House, adding, "These are extraordinary times, and extraordinary measures must be resorted to in order to save our Government, and preserve our nationality." Spaulding justified the action as a "
296:
total face value between the new Legal Tender Notes and the existing Demand Notes. The Act also intended for the new notes to be used to replace the Demand Notes as soon as practical. The Demand Notes had been issued in denominations of
183:
Comparison of a $ 5 Demand Note (upper image) and an 1862 issue $ 5 United States Note (lower image) in which the words "On Demand" and the phrase "Receivable in
Payment of All Public Dues" are removed and the Treasury Seal is
3953:
3557:
142:
in place of green ones. Also, while a variety of denominations were issued as United States Notes during the large-size era, only the $ 1, $ 2, $ 5, and $ 100 denominations were ever issued as small-size notes.
681:
format until 1929, at which time the notes' sizes were reduced to the small-size format of the present day. Per the Treasury Department Appropriation Bill of 1929, notes issued before October 1928 were
2821:
of the increase for the purpose of redeeming balances in a temporary deposit program. The Act of June 30, 1864, reiterated this limitation, and as the temporary loan program had ceased to exist, only
337:, the Chairman of the House of Representatives Committee of Ways and Means, which had authored an earlier version of the Legal Tender Act that would have made United States Notes a legal tender for
459:
voted overwhelmingly to endorse the Secretary's argument. With an eventual return to gold convertibility in mind, the Funding Act of April 12, 1866 was passed, authorizing McCulloch to retire
192:, the expenses incurred by the Union Government much exceeded its limited revenues from taxation, and borrowing was the main vehicle for financing the war. The Act of July 17, 1861 authorized
71:
that was issued from 1862 to 1971 in the United States. Having been current for 109 years, they were issued for longer than any other form of U.S. paper money other than the currently issued
3609:
130:
format, before 1929, differ dramatically in appearance when compared to modern American currency, but those issued in the small-size format, starting 1929, are very similar to contemporary
99:
This Note is a Legal Tender for all debts public and private except Duties on Imports and Interest on the Public Debt; and is receivable in payment of all loans made to the United States.
596:. For the general public, there was then little to distinguish United States Notes from Federal Reserve Notes. As a result, the public circulation of United States Notes, in the form of
150:. However, as no United States Notes have been issued since January 1971, all issues have all but disappeared from circulation, and command higher prices than face value as items of
4101:
309:, and these were replaced by United States Notes nearly identical in appearance on the obverse. In addition, notes of entirely new design were introduced in denominations of
252:
Recognizing, however, that his proposal would take many months to pass Congress, during early February Spaulding introduced another bill to permit the U.S. Treasury to issue
823:
denominations. The final across-the-board redesign of the large-sized notes was the Series of 1880. Individual denominations were redesigned in 1901, 1907, 1917 and 1923.
612:
Federal Reserve Notes as well. United States Notes became rare in hand-to-hand commerce and also beginning in 1966, the Treasury converted the outstanding balance into new
4096:
536:
into parity with gold for the first time since the Specie Suspension of December 1861, the public voluntarily accepted the greenbacks as part of the circulating medium.
2942:
Mitchell, Wesley Clair, "A History of the Greenbacks With Special Reference To the Economic Consequences of Their Issue 1862–65", University of Chicago, Chicago, 1903.
2570:
million in United States Notes issued prior to July 1, 1929, determined pursuant to Act of June 30, 1961, 31 U.S.C. 5119, to have been destroyed or irretrievably lost.
3107:
3602:
87:, that they replaced in 1862. Often termed Legal Tender Notes, they were named United States Notes by the First Legal Tender Act, which authorized them as a form of
2598:
834:
are printed in red (contrasting with Federal Reserve Notes, where they appear in green). By the time the treasury adopted the small-size format in 1928, the
4544:
3595:
827:
135:
4539:
3647:
3618:
2696:. In 1884, the Court, controlled 8–1 by Republicans, granted the federal government very broad power to issue Legal Tender paper through the case
592:. Eventually, even silver redemption stopped in June 1968, during a time in which all U.S. currency (both coins and paper currency) was changed to
4324:
3980:
3976:
2786:
3443:
4078:
3810:
862:
notes in the Series year of 1966, mainly to satisfy the legacy legal requirement of maintaining the mandated quantity in circulation after the
2725:
existed for the primary purpose of advocating an increased circulation of United States Notes as a way of creating inflation according to the
815:. The notes were again redesigned for the Series of 1874, 1875 and 1878. The Series of 1878 included, for the first and last time, notes of
4090:
3785:
318:
123:. During the next century, the legislation governing these notes was modified many times and numerous versions were issued by the Treasury.
4228:
2582:
rather than the precious metal medium of exchange that the United States had traditionally used. Their introduction was thus contentious.
3083:"How much currency is circulating in the economy, and how much of it is counterfeit? Is currency included in the money supply statistics?"
669:
The size of the United States Note changed from large (gray) to small (green) with plate position letters and the slightly smaller modern
3082:
2729:. However, as the 1870s unfolded, the market price of silver decreased with respect to gold, and inflationists found a new cause in the
3566:
2656:
and a Democrat, and spearheaded the decision invalidating his own actions during the war. However, Grier retired from the Court, and
4108:
221:
112:
48:
620:
United States Notes were printed from 1966 to 1969, with distribution into public circulation officially ending January 21, 1971.
324:. The Demand Notes' printed promise of payment "On Demand" was removed and the statement "This Note is a Legal Tender" was added.
4534:
4114:
4028:
3800:
851:
193:
838:
had existed for fifteen years and there had been a decline in the need for United States Notes; the notes were mainly issued in
4440:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3705:
456:
451:
argued that the Legal Tender Acts had been war measures, and that the United States should soon reverse them and return to the
3045:
2924:
4060:
3489:
3194:
3138:
2513:
314:
447:, argued for building on the precedent of non-interest-based fiat money and making the greenback system permanent. However,
3996:
3227:
3642:
2681:
2665:
665:
17:
4452:
3883:
2653:
2609:
581:
3945:
4144:
3632:
3527:
3508:
3284:
3215:
3158:
2913:
377:, the greenback began to trade at a substantial discount from gold, which prompted Congress to pass the short-lived
4336:
4184:
3853:
3355:
2707:
2661:
2629:
632:
Federal Reserve Note, it was decided confusion would likely arise with the sudden appearance of two very different
400:. However, the end of the war found the greenbacks trading for only about half of their nominal value in gold. The
306:
2860:). Small size notes (described as such due to their size relative to the earlier large size notes) are an average
4342:
4127:
4121:
3838:
3057:
3030:
3014:
393:
310:
3582:
3253:
4353:
4161:
4066:
3923:
3833:
3681:
3669:
3072:
Backus, Charles K., "The Contraction of the Currency", The Honest Money League of the Northwest, Chicago, 1878.
2434:
2322:
2210:
298:
163:
4478:
4434:
4179:
3888:
2733:. Opposition to the resumption of specie convertibility of the Greenbacks during 1879 was accordingly muted.
2396:
2289:
2172:
2136:
548:
attempted to increase liquidity in the markets by authorizing the Treasury to issue more Greenbacks, but the
520:
378:
366:
362:
302:
4496:
4380:
4173:
3893:
2885:
Names in parentheses are either the engravers or artists responsible for the concept and/or initial design.
401:
200:
3450:
4472:
4054:
3546:
A History of the Greenbacks: With Special Reference to the Economic Consequences of Their Issue, 1862–65.
388:. The Union's reliance on expanding the circulation of greenbacks eventually ended with the emission of
3903:
3746:
2555:
1170:
116:
3127:
Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of the Political History of the United States
205:
4370:
3848:
2838:
Large size notes represent the earlier types or series of U.S. banknotes. Their average dimension is
2559:
1939:
616:
United States Notes, the majority of which sat unissued in bank vaults. Series 1966 and Series 1966A
3264:
4529:
4490:
2726:
1415:
775:
The original large-sized Civil War issues were dated 1862 and 1863, and issued in denominations of
549:
480:
429:
2624:
found unconstitutional the use of greenbacks when applied to debts established prior to the First
576:
in 1933 (a ban that would be lifted in 1974), all of the remaining types of circulating currency,
345:
By the First Legal Tender Act, Congress limited the Treasury's emission of United States Notes to
4524:
4410:
4365:
3873:
3828:
2711:
361:, the option to exchange the notes for United States bonds at par had been revoked, and notes of
350:
80:
4022:
2965:
2586:
835:
487:
as the minimum Greenback circulation, the old Civil War statutes still authorized a maximum of
354:
282:
3587:
3306:
2982:
811:. The United States Notes were dramatically redesigned for the Series of 1869, the so-called
556:
supply instead. Eventually, the perceived need for an elastic currency was addressed with the
4465:
4458:
4446:
4318:
4197:
4084:
4044:
4006:
3878:
3863:
3858:
2998:
2698:
2677:
2645:
389:
242:
285:, enacted February 25, 1862, into law, authorizing the issuance of United States Notes as a
204:
resembled them in appearance. During December 1861, economic conditions deteriorated and a
4405:
4256:
4072:
3637:
3377:
2778:
2730:
2602:
870:
denominations had been discontinued in August 1966. The BEP also printed but did not issue
670:
653:
649:
628:
United States Notes into general circulation, but with the recently redesigned series 1996
585:
573:
557:
523:, which authorized a reduction of the circulation of Greenbacks towards a revised limit of
397:
225:
131:
72:
31:
8:
4502:
4424:
4398:
4348:
4306:
4284:
4273:
4262:
4250:
4216:
4133:
3984:
3780:
2652:, ruled against the Civil War legislation in a 5–3 decision. Secretary Chase had become
2637:
2620:
2605:
2283:
1910:
1881:
561:
472:
effects, and caused debtors to agitate successfully for a halt to the notes' retirement.
444:
381:, which was soon repealed after it seemed to accelerate the decrease of greenback value.
3544:
846:
denominations in the Series years of 1928, 1953, and 1963. There was a limited issue of
4391:
4330:
4295:
4278:
4204:
4138:
3975:
3868:
3734:
3265:
Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, see Sec. 602(f)(4)
2764:
2673:
2614:
1587:
1558:
1529:
1500:
1175:
1049:
874:
notes in the 1928 Series. An example was displayed at the 1933 Worlds Fair in Chicago.
577:
553:
545:
476:
440:
374:
245:
prepared a bill, based on the Free Banking Law of New York, that eventually became the
189:
120:
44:
3347:
2714:, the latter having been created specifically to address the desire for hard money in
4484:
4359:
4312:
4267:
3693:
3687:
3523:
3504:
3485:
3280:
3211:
3190:
3154:
3122:
2909:
2669:
2537:
2532:
2155:
1850:
1676:
1647:
1165:
1020:
991:
962:
405:
246:
238:
3322:
3046:
United States Congress. Resolution of January 17, 1863, No. 9. Washington D.C.: 1863
2097:
United States Notes – First small-size issue, Series 1928 (Smithsonian Institution)
3928:
3139:
United States Congress. Act of April 12, 1866 Chapter XXXIII. Washington D.C.: 1866
2657:
2507:
2458:
2415:
2346:
2308:
2234:
2191:
1411:
1136:
1107:
1078:
678:
425:
370:
334:
127:
2072:
4244:
4156:
4016:
3663:
3479:
2968:
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: a political, social, and military history
2722:
2692:
2649:
2641:
2453:
2341:
2229:
2043:
1821:
1792:
1763:
1734:
1291:
931:
636:
notes in circulation. The Treasury announced in 1996 that the remaining stock of
278:
229:
196:
3558:
The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879
265:
of carrying into execution the powers granted in the Constitution 'to raise and
3235:
3187:
Monetary Policy in the United States: An Intellectual and Institutional History
2594:
2081:
2023:
1994:
1965:
1444:
1382:
1353:
1324:
1262:
1233:
1204:
564:, and attempts to alter the circulating quantity of United States Notes ended.
448:
433:
384:
The largest amount of greenbacks outstanding at any one time was calculated as
52:
3481:
Paper Money of the United States: A Complete Illustrated Guide With Valuations
216:
107:
This note is a legal tender at its face value for all debts public and private
4518:
3728:
3170:
2925:
United States Congress. Act of July, 17 1861 Chapter V. Washington D.C.: 1861
2633:
2052:
831:
541:
509:
452:
369:
denominations had been introduced as the appearance of fiat currency had per
139:
88:
3501:
The Engraver's Line – An Encyclopedia of Paper Money & Postage Stamp Art
2618:
to determine the constitutionality of the use of greenbacks. The 1870 case
2014:
1985:
1930:
4238:
4190:
4033:
3752:
2750:
1901:
1872:
1812:
496:
286:
147:
2554:
million in United States Notes are in circulation and, in accordance with
1841:
1783:
1754:
1725:
1696:
1578:
1464:
531:—a level which would be maintained for almost 100 years afterwards. While
515:
In June 1874, Congress established a maximum for Greenback circulation of
179:
27:
Type of paper money that was issued from 1862 to 1971 in the United States
4429:
4417:
4289:
3843:
3722:
3552:
3001:
History of the legal tender paper money issued during the great rebellion
2686:
2204:
2166:
2130:
1667:
1638:
1609:
1549:
1520:
1491:
1435:
1402:
1373:
1282:
855:
772:
inch sheet of paper that previously would yield 8 notes at the old size.
416:
174:
151:
84:
1344:
1315:
1156:
922:
4167:
3740:
3675:
3061:
3034:
3018:
2856:
2852:
2715:
2579:
2420:
2313:
2196:
1618:
1253:
1224:
1195:
1127:
1098:
1069:
1040:
1011:
982:
953:
593:
146:
Existing United States Notes are still fully usable and are considered
43:
Large-sized Series of 1880 United States Notes; the $ 20 note displays
3449:. United States Treasury Department. December 31, 2012. Archived from
742:
inches, which allowed the Treasury Department to produce 12 notes per
4150:
3934:
3699:
208:
caused the government to cease redeeming the Demand Notes as coins.
4210:
588:, and United States Notes, were redeemable by individuals only for
373:
driven even silver coinage out of circulation. As a result of this
68:
2428:
467:
million per month thereafter. This he proceeded to do until only
353:, enacted July 11, 1862, a Joint Resolution of Congress, and the
2809:
of notes, the Second Legal Tender Act, in taking the total from
103:
By the 1930s, this obligation would eventually be shortened to:
3617:
677:
Like all U.S. currency, United States Notes were produced in a
589:
881:
134:
of the same denominations with the distinction of having red
111:
They were originally issued directly into circulation by the
2702:, with only the lone remaining Democrat, Field, dissenting.
887:
Complete type set of United States Notes (aka Legal Tender)
289:—the paper currency soon to be known as "greenbacks".
3444:"Monthly Statement of the Public Debt of the United States"
2845:
2841:
39:
3583:
U.S. Treasury Dept. information about United States Notes
2953:
Recollections of President Lincoln and His Administration
2868:), the size of modern U.S. currency. Each measurement is
604:
bills was discontinued in August 1966, and replaced with
3378:
http://www.panix.com/~clay/currency/catalog-numbers.html
2908:, Clifton, NJ, The Coin & Currency Institute, Inc.
2550:
As of December 2012, the U.S. Treasury calculates that
643:
491:—and thus they had at their discretion a "reserve" of
463:
million of the Greenbacks within six months and up to
232:'s Mill" at left to flood the country with Greenbacks.
3311:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1928. p. 105.
2740:
2474:
United States Notes – Small-size issue, Series 1966
2362:
United States Notes – Small-size issue, Series 1963
2250:
United States Notes – Small-size issue, Series 1953
2545:
357:, enacted March 3, 1863, had expanded the limit to
199:to raise money via the issuance of $ 50,000,000 in
3477:
2466:
2354:
2242:
2089:
673:(blue) super-imposed on bottom left 1928-size note
408:, which accounted for up to half of the currency.
3348:"Historical Legislation - Riegle Improvement Act"
2805:While the three Legal Tender Acts had authorized
2608:views were underrepresented. After the war, the
4516:
3648:Canceled denominations of United States currency
3484:(20th ed.). Coin & Currency Institute.
3478:Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2013).
3149:Studenski, Paul; Krooss, Hermand Edward (1952).
567:
3567:"On Greenbacks, Free Silver, and Free Banking,"
2787:History of central banking in the United States
3340:
2906:Paper Money of the United States, 18th Edition
483:maintained that, though Congress had mandated
3961:
3603:
3279:, 7th edition, Port Clinton, Ohio: BNR Press
3277:The Comprehensive Catalog of U.S. Paper Money
3275:Hessler, Gene and Chambliss, Carlson (2006).
3181:
3179:
3108:The Way to Outdo England Without Fighting Her
2684:, to reverse Hepburn, 5–4, in the 1871 cases
475:During the early 1870s, Treasury Secretaries
3308:Treasury Department Appropriation Bill, 1929
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2672:, who joined the three sitting Republicans,
126:United States Notes that were issued in the
4545:1971 disestablishments in the United States
3619:Obsolete United States currency and coinage
3549:Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1903.
3200:
2578:The United States Notes were introduced as
2573:
552:provided for the needed flexibility by the
495:. While the Senate Finance Committee under
3968:
3954:
3610:
3596:
3176:
3050:
3023:
2427:
882:Large-size United States Notes (1862–1923)
424:Legal Tender depicting military explorers
3715:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3143:
3007:
2929:
854:, most of which were released in 1948 in
499:disagreed, being of the opinion that the
404:was founded on July 5, 1865, to minimize
277:". Despite strong opposition, President
228:of the Lincoln administration operating "
164:Union (American Civil War) § Economy
4540:1862 establishments in the United States
3254:U.S. Treasury – FAQ: Legal Tender Status
3228:The National Balance Sheet; It Includes
3210:, Atlanta, Georgia: Whitman Publishing.
3206:Bowers, Q. David; David Sundman (2006).
3189:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3117:
3115:
3039:
2985:Battle cry of freedom: the Civil War era
2955:, Harper & Brothers, New York, 1891.
826:On small-sized United States Notes, the
664:
640:United States Notes had been destroyed.
415:
215:
211:
178:
38:
4029:Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747
3517:
3498:
3129:, Rand McNally & Co, Chicago, 1881.
2989:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
2904:Friedberg, Arthur L. and Ira S., 2006,
608:Federal Reserve Notes and, eventually,
292:Initially, the emission was limited to
194:United States Secretary of the Treasury
91:. During the early 1860s the so-called
14:
4517:
3258:
3242:
3232:of Debits Which Might Well Be Dropped"
3151:Financial History of the United States
3004:(p.29). Buffalo, NY: Express Printing.
3949:
3591:
3112:
3087:Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
2876:) to account for margins and cutting.
79:", a name inherited from the earlier
3997:Monetary policy of the United States
3981:central banking in the United States
3520:U.S. Essay, Proof and Specimen Notes
3208:100 GREATEST AMERICAN CURRENCY NOTES
574:private ownership of gold was banned
519:, and in January 1875, approved the
95:on the reverse of the notes stated:
55:and a large red spiked Treasury seal
4279:New York Clearing House Association
3643:History of the United States dollar
712:inches and later issues were to be
644:Comparison to Federal Reserve Notes
449:Secretary of the Treasury McCulloch
188:During 1861, the first year of the
24:
4091:Article I of the U.S. Constitution
3537:
3106:Carey, Henry Charles (March 1865)
2654:Chief Justice of the United States
2601:from the Congress, and thus their
660:
25:
4556:
3576:
3358:, U.S. Department of the Treasury
2964:D.S. & Heidler, J.T. (2000).
652:have been legal tender since the
411:
51:seal, and the $ 10 note displays
4185:Second Bank of the United States
3811:one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill
3356:Bureau of Engraving and Printing
3323:"Chronology of Large-Size Notes"
2771:
2757:
2743:
2721:During the 1870s and 1880s, the
2558:, excludes this amount from the
2546:Public debt of the United States
2524:155.956 mm × 66.294 mm
2506:
2445:155.956 mm × 66.294 mm
2407:155.956 mm × 66.294 mm
2333:155.956 mm × 66.294 mm
2300:155.956 mm × 66.294 mm
2282:
2221:155.956 mm × 66.294 mm
2203:
2183:155.956 mm × 66.294 mm
2165:
2147:155.956 mm × 66.294 mm
2129:
2071:
2042:
2013:
1984:
1929:
1900:
1871:
1840:
1811:
1782:
1753:
1724:
1695:
1666:
1637:
1608:
1577:
1548:
1519:
1490:
1463:
1434:
1401:
1372:
1343:
1314:
1281:
1252:
1223:
1194:
1155:
1126:
1097:
1068:
1039:
1010:
981:
952:
921:
394:Compound Interest Treasury Notes
115:to pay expenses incurred by the
75:. They were known popularly as "
4343:Compound interest treasury note
4128:First Bank of the United States
3839:Compound interest treasury note
3786:Large denominations of currency
3436:
3427:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3370:
3315:
3299:
3290:
3269:
3221:
3164:
3132:
3100:
3075:
3066:
2879:
2832:
2799:
2467:Series 1966 United States Notes
2355:Series 1963 United States Notes
2243:Series 1953 United States Notes
2090:Series 1928 United States Notes
222:1864 U.S. presidential election
168:
4535:Banknotes of the United States
4067:Continental currency banknotes
3924:Black Eagle Silver Certificate
3185:Timberlake, Richard H.(1993).
2992:
2975:
2958:
2945:
2918:
2898:
13:
1:
4435:Specie Payment Resumption Act
4180:Banking in the Jacksonian Era
3471:
3153:, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
2862:6.125 in × 2.625 in
2597:when southern Democrats were
2520:6.140 in × 2.610 in
2441:6.140 in × 2.610 in
2403:6.140 in × 2.610 in
2329:6.140 in × 2.610 in
2296:6.140 in × 2.610 in
2217:6.140 in × 2.610 in
2179:6.140 in × 2.610 in
2143:6.140 in × 2.610 in
648:Both United States Notes and
568:End of the United States Note
521:Specie Payment Resumption Act
379:Anti-Gold Futures Act of 1864
269:armies', and 'to provide and
220:A political cartoon from the
30:For the current US note, see
4497:National Monetary Commission
3894:Treasury Note (19th century)
3376:Friedberg numbering system,
2792:
2505:
2426:
2393:
2319:
2281:
2202:
2164:
2128:
247:National Banking Act of 1863
206:suspension of specie payment
7:
4473:Sherman Silver Purchase Act
4205:New York Safety Fund System
4079:U.S. Finance Superintendent
4055:Second Continental Congress
3822:Discontinued currency types
2972:. New York, NY: W.W. Norton
2736:
2562:of the United States. The
562:Federal Reserve Act of 1913
443:, some economists, such as
10:
4561:
3904:United States postal notes
3774:Discontinued denominations
2473:
2361:
2249:
2096:
172:
161:
157:
29:
4381:2nd Industrial Revolution
4379:
4371:Public Credit Act of 1869
4257:Independent U.S. Treasury
4227:
4045:1st Industrial Revolution
4043:
4005:
3992:
3916:
3849:Federal Reserve Bank Note
3821:
3801:five-thousand-dollar bill
3773:
3766:
3656:
3625:
3522:(2 ed.). BNR Press.
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2058:
2029:
2000:
1971:
1947:
1916:
1887:
1858:
1827:
1798:
1769:
1740:
1711:
1682:
1653:
1624:
1595:
1564:
1535:
1506:
1477:
1450:
1421:
1388:
1359:
1330:
1301:
1268:
1239:
1210:
1181:
1142:
1113:
1084:
1055:
1026:
997:
968:
939:
908:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
396:, and the passage of the
4296:Legal Tender Act of 1862
4109:U.S. Treasury Department
3806:ten-thousand-dollar bill
3796:one-thousand-dollar bill
3791:five-hundred-dollar bill
2999:Spaulding, E.G. (1869).
2892:
2866:156 mm × 67 mm
2727:quantity theory of money
2712:National Gold Bank Notes
2574:Politics and controversy
2556:debt ceiling legislation
481:William Adams Richardson
457:House of Representatives
349:; however, by 1863, the
4411:National Gold Bank Note
4366:Contraction Act of 1866
4115:U.S. Treasury Secretary
3874:National Gold Bank Note
3829:Early American currency
3543:Wesley Clair Mitchell,
3173:Retrieved May 30, 2009.
3171:The Greenback Question.
3121:"United States Notes",
2829:ceiling were available.
351:Second Legal Tender Act
4122:U.S. Treasury security
4023:Tobacco Inspection Act
3518:Hessler, Gene (2004).
3499:Hessler, Gene (1993).
2587:United States Congress
2160:Stylized "One Dollar"
836:Federal Reserve System
674:
436:
355:Third Legal Tender Act
330:unlimited legal tender
283:First Legal Tender Act
233:
185:
109:
101:
56:
4466:Juilliard v. Greenman
4459:Refunding Certificate
4325:National banks system
4319:Interest bearing note
4198:McCulloch v. Maryland
4085:Bank of North America
4061:U.S. dollar banknotes
4007:Commercial Revolution
3889:Treasury or Coin Note
3879:Refunding Certificate
3864:Interest bearing note
3859:Hawaii overprint note
3633:United States coinage
3433:Hessler, 2004, p. 36.
3424:Hessler, 2004, p. 28.
3415:Hessler, 2004, p. 27.
3406:Hessler, 2004, p. 22.
3397:Hessler, 2004, p. 20.
3388:Hessler, 2004, p. 24.
3327:www.uspapermoney.info
2699:Juilliard v. Greenman
1705:Vignette spread eagle
1169:(Owen G. Hanks, eng;
668:
650:Federal Reserve Notes
586:Federal Reserve Notes
558:Federal Reserve Notes
419:
243:Elbridge G. Spaulding
219:
212:The Legal Tender Acts
182:
132:Federal Reserve Notes
105:
97:
42:
4491:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
4406:Currency Act of 1870
4073:Bank of Pennsylvania
3834:Continental currency
3638:United States dollar
3572:, December 14, 1889.
3239:May 24, 1903, Sunday
2779:United States portal
2731:Free Silver movement
2560:statutory debt limit
671:Federal Reserve Note
550:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
398:National Banking Act
73:Federal Reserve Note
47:and a red scalloped
32:Federal Reserve Note
4503:Federal Reserve Act
4425:Coinage Act of 1873
4399:Hepburn v. Griswold
4349:Coinage Act of 1864
4307:Fractional currency
4285:Coinage Act of 1857
4274:Coinage Act of 1853
4263:Coinage Act of 1849
4217:Coinage Act of 1834
4134:Coinage Act of 1792
3781:Fractional currency
2621:Hepburn v. Griswold
2516:United States Note
2437:United States Note
2399:United States Note
2325:United States Note
2292:United States Note
2213:United States Note
2175:United States Note
2139:United States Note
1943:(Charles Schlecht)
1911:Joseph K. Mansfield
1882:Joseph K. Mansfield
1707:(Joseph P. Ourdan)
1591:(Joseph P. Ourdan)
1295:(Frederick Girsch);
935:(Joseph P. Ourdan)
888:
582:silver certificates
578:National Bank Notes
508:in response to the
445:Henry Charles Carey
226:Secretary Fessenden
136:U.S. Treasury Seals
18:United States Notes
4453:Silver certificate
4392:Legal Tender Cases
4331:National Bank Note
4313:National Bank Acts
4301:United States Note
4139:United States Mint
3899:United States Note
3884:Silver certificate
3869:National Bank Note
3735:Three-dollar piece
2951:Chittenden, L.E.,
2765:Numismatics portal
2660:appointed two new
2615:Legal Tender Cases
1588:Alexander Hamilton
1559:Alexander Hamilton
1530:Alexander Hamilton
1501:Alexander Hamilton
1176:Alexander Hamilton
1050:Alexander Hamilton
886:
858:, and an issue of
828:U.S. Treasury Seal
675:
560:authorized by the
554:National Bank Note
546:Theodore Roosevelt
477:George S. Boutwell
441:American Civil War
439:At the end of the
437:
234:
190:American Civil War
186:
121:American Civil War
63:, also known as a
61:United States Note
57:
45:Alexander Hamilton
4512:
4511:
4485:Gold Standard Act
4447:Bland–Allison Act
4441:Twenty-cent piece
4360:Three-cent nickel
4268:Three-cent silver
4145:U.S. dollar coins
3943:
3942:
3912:
3911:
3762:
3761:
3755:(1850–1933; 2009)
3706:Twenty-cent piece
3694:Three-cent silver
3688:Three-cent nickel
3491:978-0-87184-520-7
3456:on March 10, 2013
3352:www.bep.treas.gov
3195:978-0-226-80384-5
3123:John Joseph Lalor
3029:ch. 142, 12
2708:gold certificates
2706:paper money were
2591:Legal Tender Acts
2566:million excludes
2543:
2542:
2538:Independence Hall
2533:Benjamin Franklin
2464:
2463:
2352:
2351:
2240:
2239:
2156:George Washington
2087:
2086:
1851:John Quincy Adams
1677:Benjamin Franklin
1648:Benjamin Franklin
1021:George Washington
992:George Washington
963:George Washington
93:second obligation
65:Legal Tender Note
16:(Redirected from
4552:
4337:Gold certificate
3970:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3946:
3929:Brasher Doubloon
3854:Gold certificate
3771:
3770:
3713:
3712:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3533:
3514:
3495:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3455:
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3407:
3404:
3398:
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3365:
3363:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3303:
3297:
3296:Friedberg, p. 7.
3294:
3288:
3273:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3251:
3240:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3204:
3198:
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3119:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3064:
3056:ch. 73, 12
3054:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3027:
3021:
3013:ch. 33, 12
3011:
3005:
2996:
2990:
2981:McPherson, J.M.
2979:
2973:
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2956:
2949:
2943:
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2775:
2774:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2626:Legal Tender Act
2589:had enacted the
2569:
2565:
2553:
2525:
2521:
2510:
2471:
2470:
2459:Lincoln Memorial
2446:
2442:
2431:
2416:Thomas Jefferson
2408:
2404:
2359:
2358:
2347:Lincoln Memorial
2334:
2330:
2309:Thomas Jefferson
2301:
2297:
2286:
2247:
2246:
2235:Lincoln Memorial
2222:
2218:
2207:
2192:Thomas Jefferson
2184:
2180:
2169:
2148:
2144:
2133:
2094:
2093:
2080:
2075:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2003:
1993:
1988:
1974:
1964:
1950:
1938:
1933:
1919:
1909:
1904:
1890:
1880:
1875:
1861:
1849:
1844:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1801:
1791:
1786:
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1612:
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1333:
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1304:
1290:
1285:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1184:
1164:
1159:
1145:
1137:Thomas Jefferson
1135:
1130:
1116:
1108:Thomas Jefferson
1106:
1101:
1087:
1079:Thomas Jefferson
1077:
1072:
1058:
1048:
1043:
1029:
1019:
1014:
1000:
990:
985:
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956:
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530:
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507:
502:
494:
490:
486:
470:
466:
462:
426:Meriwether Lewis
423:
390:Interest Bearing
387:
386:$ 447,300,203.10
360:
348:
335:Thaddeus Stevens
322:
295:
276:
255:
21:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4530:Monetary reform
4515:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4383:
4375:
4251:Forstall System
4245:Wildcat banking
4231:
4223:
4157:1792 half disme
4047:
4039:
4017:Bills of credit
4009:
4001:
3988:
3977:Monetary policy
3974:
3944:
3939:
3908:
3817:
3758:
3711:
3652:
3621:
3616:
3579:
3540:
3538:Further reading
3530:
3511:
3492:
3474:
3469:
3459:
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3405:
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3304:
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2800:
2795:
2777:
2772:
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2763:
2758:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2723:Greenback Party
2693:Parker v. Davis
2658:President Grant
2576:
2567:
2563:
2551:
2548:
2523:
2519:
2495:Obverse/Reverse
2469:
2454:Abraham Lincoln
2444:
2440:
2406:
2402:
2383:Obverse/Reverse
2357:
2342:Abraham Lincoln
2332:
2328:
2299:
2295:
2271:Obverse/Reverse
2245:
2230:Abraham Lincoln
2220:
2216:
2182:
2178:
2146:
2142:
2118:Obverse/Reverse
2092:
2078:
2059:
2049:
2030:
2020:
2001:
1991:
1972:
1962:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1917:
1907:
1888:
1878:
1859:
1854:(Charles Burt)
1853:
1847:
1828:
1822:Albert Gallatin
1818:
1799:
1793:Abraham Lincoln
1789:
1770:
1764:Abraham Lincoln
1760:
1741:
1735:Abraham Lincoln
1731:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1683:
1673:
1654:
1644:
1625:
1615:
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1590:
1584:
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1422:
1408:
1389:
1379:
1360:
1350:
1331:
1321:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1292:Abraham Lincoln
1288:
1269:
1259:
1240:
1230:
1211:
1201:
1182:
1174:
1171:Thomas Crawford
1168:
1162:
1143:
1133:
1114:
1104:
1085:
1075:
1056:
1046:
1027:
1017:
998:
988:
969:
959:
940:
934:
932:Salmon P. Chase
928:
909:
884:
871:
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863:
859:
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843:
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804:
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661:Characteristics
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488:
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468:
464:
460:
421:
420:Series of 1901
414:
385:
358:
346:
320:
293:
279:Abraham Lincoln
274:
263:necessary means
253:
214:
197:Salmon P. Chase
177:
171:
166:
160:
67:, is a type of
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4558:
4548:
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4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4525:Freiwirtschaft
4510:
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4403:
4395:
4387:
4385:
4377:
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4373:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4354:Two-cent piece
4351:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4333:(1863–c. 1930)
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
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4124:(1789–present)
4119:
4118:
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4106:
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4099:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
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4019:(c. 1690–1750)
4013:
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3577:External links
3575:
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3565:Henry George,
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2632:on the Court,
2595:U.S. Civil War
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2082:Andrew Jackson
2076:
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2034:
2027:
2026:
2024:DeWitt Clinton
2018:
2011:
2008:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1995:DeWitt Clinton
1989:
1982:
1979:
1976:
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1968:
1966:DeWitt Clinton
1960:
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1439:
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1386:
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1383:Daniel Webster
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1354:Daniel Webster
1348:
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1335:
1328:
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1325:Daniel Webster
1319:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1299:
1298:
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1273:
1266:
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1263:Andrew Jackson
1257:
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1234:Andrew Jackson
1228:
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1205:Andrew Jackson
1199:
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852:Series of 1928
832:serial numbers
662:
659:
645:
642:
569:
566:
434:American bison
413:
412:Post Civil War
410:
406:counterfeiting
402:Secret Service
213:
210:
201:Treasury Notes
173:Main article:
170:
167:
159:
156:
140:serial numbers
53:Daniel Webster
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4229:Civil War Era
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4195:
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4172:
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4034:Currency Acts
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4018:
4015:
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3998:
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3769:
3765:
3754:
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3748:
3745:
3742:
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3736:
3733:
3730:
3729:Quarter eagle
3727:
3724:
3721:
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3707:
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3692:
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3551:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3529:0-931960-62-2
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3510:0-931960-36-3
3506:
3503:. BNR Press.
3502:
3497:
3493:
3487:
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3357:
3353:
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3343:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3293:
3286:
3285:0-931960-66-5
3282:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3224:
3217:
3216:0-7948-2006-9
3213:
3209:
3203:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3160:
3159:1-58798-175-0
3156:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3109:
3103:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2954:
2948:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2914:0-87184-518-0
2911:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2882:
2870:±0.08 in
2858:
2854:
2847:
2844:× 3.125
2843:
2835:
2827:$ 450,000,000
2823:$ 400,000,000
2817:had reserved
2815:$ 300,000,000
2811:$ 150,000,000
2807:$ 450,000,000
2802:
2798:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2769:
2766:
2755:
2752:
2741:
2734:
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2639:
2635:
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2623:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2612:ruled on the
2611:
2610:Supreme Court
2607:
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2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2571:
2561:
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2529:Green; Black
2528:
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2509:
2504:
2500:
2497:
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2450:Green; Black
2449:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:Green; Black
2411:
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2398:
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2392:
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2381:
2365:
2360:
2348:
2345:
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2340:
2338:Green; Black
2337:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:Green; Black
2304:
2294:
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2285:
2280:
2276:
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2228:
2226:Green; Black
2225:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:Green; Black
2187:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:Green; Black
2151:
2141:
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2117:
2116:
2100:
2095:
2083:
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2070:
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2057:
2054:
2053:James Madison
2048:
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2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
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1967:
1961:
1959:
1956:
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1946:
1941:
1940:Robert Morris
1935:
1932:
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1209:
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1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1187:
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1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
996:
993:
987:
984:
980:
977:
974:
967:
964:
958:
955:
951:
948:
945:
938:
933:
927:
924:
920:
917:
914:
907:
890:
879:
875:
857:
853:
850:notes in the
837:
833:
829:
824:
814:
813:Rainbow Notes
773:
680:
672:
667:
658:
655:
651:
641:
621:
595:
594:fiat currency
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:Panic of 1907
537:
533:$ 346,681,016
529:$ 346,681,016
525:$ 300,000,000
522:
517:$ 382,000,000
513:
511:
510:Panic of 1873
506:$ 382,000,000
501:$ 356,000,000
498:
489:$ 400,000,000
485:$ 356,000,000
482:
478:
473:
469:$ 356,000,000
458:
454:
453:gold standard
450:
446:
442:
435:
431:
430:William Clark
427:
418:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
382:
380:
376:
372:
371:Gresham's law
368:
364:
359:$ 450,000,000
356:
352:
347:$ 150,000,000
343:
342:during 1933.
340:
336:
331:
325:
323:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
294:$ 150,000,000
290:
288:
284:
280:
272:
268:
264:
260:
250:
248:
244:
240:
231:
227:
223:
218:
209:
207:
202:
198:
195:
191:
181:
176:
165:
155:
153:
149:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
113:U.S. Treasury
108:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
89:fiat currency
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4464:
4416:
4397:
4390:
4315:(1863; 1864)
4300:
4239:Free banking
4196:
4191:Suffolk Bank
4097:Section VIII
4036:(1751; 1764)
3898:
3753:Double eagle
3570:The Standard
3569:
3556:
3545:
3519:
3500:
3480:
3458:. Retrieved
3451:the original
3438:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3384:
3372:
3360:. Retrieved
3351:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3326:
3317:
3307:
3301:
3292:
3276:
3271:
3260:
3234:
3230:$ 71,000,000
3223:
3207:
3202:
3186:
3166:
3150:
3145:
3134:
3126:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3086:
3077:
3068:
3052:
3041:
3025:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2984:
2977:
2967:
2960:
2952:
2947:
2920:
2905:
2900:
2881:
2834:
2819:$ 50,000,000
2801:
2751:Money portal
2720:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2628:as the five
2625:
2619:
2613:
2590:
2584:
2577:
2549:
1703:Spread Eagle
876:
825:
812:
774:
676:
647:
622:
571:
544:, President
538:
514:
497:John Sherman
493:$ 44,000,000
474:
438:
383:
344:
338:
329:
326:
291:
287:legal tender
270:
266:
262:
258:
251:
235:
187:
169:Demand Notes
148:legal tender
145:
125:
110:
106:
102:
98:
92:
85:Demand Notes
76:
64:
60:
58:
36:
4499:(1909–1912)
4481:(1890–1891)
4461:(1879–1907)
4455:(1878–1964)
4443:(1875–1878)
4430:Free silver
4418:Knox v. Lee
4413:(1870–1875)
4384:(1870–1914)
4362:(1865–1889)
4356:(1864–1873)
4345:(1863–1864)
4339:(1863–1933)
4327:(1863–1913)
4321:(1863–1865)
4309:(1862–1876)
4303:(1862–1971)
4292:(1861–1862)
4290:Demand Note
4281:(1853–1863)
4270:(1851–1873)
4259:(1846–1913)
4253:(1842–1865)
4247:(1836–1865)
4241:(1836–1865)
4232:(1840–1870)
4213:, 1832–1836
4207:, 1829–1842
4193:, 1818–1858
4187:, 1816–1836
4176:(1812–1913)
4170:(1793–1857)
4164:(1793–1857)
4153:(1792–1873)
4141:(1792–1873)
4130:(1791–1811)
4113:1789–1913;
4095:1787–1788;
4087:(1781–1791)
4081:(1781–1785)
4075:(1780–1781)
4069:(1775–1779)
4057:(1776–1780)
4048:(1760–1840)
4010:(1607–1760)
3844:Demand Note
3749:(1795–1933)
3743:(1795–1929)
3737:(1854–1889)
3731:(1796–1929)
3725:(1849–1889)
3723:Gold dollar
3708:(1875–1878)
3702:(1792–1873)
3696:(1851–1873)
3690:(1865–1889)
3684:(1864–1873)
3678:(1793–1857)
3672:(1793–1857)
3553:Irwin Unger
3362:February 9,
3092:January 16,
2840:7.375
2687:Knox v. Lee
2662:Republicans
2593:during the
1297:Eagle; Art
856:Puerto Rico
679:large sized
654:gold recall
572:Soon after
281:signed the
175:Demand Note
119:during the
69:paper money
4519:Categories
4168:Large cent
3741:Half eagle
3716:Gold coins
3676:Large cent
3664:Half disme
3472:References
3460:January 8,
2855:× 79
2716:California
2606:hard money
2603:Jacksonian
2580:fiat money
2488:Main Color
2485:Dimensions
2421:Monticello
2376:Main Color
2373:Dimensions
2314:Monticello
2264:Main Color
2261:Dimensions
2197:Monticello
2111:Main Color
2108:Dimensions
1619:Henry Clay
1018:Washington
989:Washington
960:Washington
319:$ 500 and
224:depicting
162:See also:
154:interest.
152:numismatic
128:large-size
81:greenbacks
77:greenbacks
4162:Half cent
4151:Half dime
4102:Section X
3935:Funnyback
3700:Half dime
3670:Half cent
2970:(p. 1168)
2966:Heidler,
2874:2 mm
2851:187
2793:Footnotes
2630:Democrats
2062:$ 10,000
1908:Mansfield
1879:Mansfield
1134:Jefferson
1105:Jefferson
1076:Jefferson
904:Portrait
432:, and an
375:inflation
259:necessity
4211:Bank War
3985:pre–1913
3767:Currency
2983:(1988).
2737:See also
2642:Clifford
2501:Reverse
2389:Reverse
2277:Reverse
2124:Reverse
2033:$ 5,000
2010:Fr.187k
2004:$ 1,000
1981:Fr.187a
1975:$ 1,000
1957:Fr.186f
1951:$ 1,000
1926:Fr.186e
1923:1862–63
1920:$ 1,000
1897:Fr.185l
1868:Fr.185b
1819:Gallatin
1808:Fr.183c
1805:1862–63
1689:1862–63
1674:Franklin
1645:Franklin
1585:Hamilton
1574:Fr.148a
1571:1862–63
1556:Hamilton
1527:Hamilton
1498:Hamilton
1473:Liberty
1460:Fr.126b
1457:1862–63
1275:1862–63
1163:Hamilton
1149:1862–63
1047:Hamilton
1033:1862–63
915:1862–63
830:and the
821:$ 10,000
271:maintain
49:Treasury
4147:(1792–)
4063:(1775–)
3917:Related
3332:June 6,
2987:(p.445)
2825:of the
2670:Bradley
2498:Obverse
2386:Obverse
2274:Obverse
2121:Obverse
2079:Jackson
2068:Fr.189
2050:Madison
2039:Fr.188
2021:Clinton
1992:Clinton
1963:Clinton
1837:Fr.184
1790:Lincoln
1779:Fr.181
1761:Lincoln
1750:Fr.171
1732:Lincoln
1721:Fr.168
1692:Fr.167
1663:Fr.164
1634:Fr.152
1605:Fr.151
1545:Fr.145
1516:Fr.128
1487:Fr.127
1471:Liberty
1442:Jackson
1431:Fr.123
1398:Fr.114
1380:Webster
1369:Fr.102
1351:Webster
1322:Webster
1289:Lincoln
1278:Fr.95b
1260:Jackson
1231:Jackson
1202:Jackson
1166:Freedom
1152:Fr.61a
918:Fr.16c
817:$ 5,000
809:$ 1,000
767:⁄
751:⁄
737:⁄
721:⁄
707:⁄
691:⁄
321:$ 1,000
267:support
241:banker
239:Buffalo
158:History
4505:(1913)
4493:(1908)
4487:(1900)
4475:(1890)
4469:(1884)
4449:(1878)
4437:(1875)
4421:(1871)
4402:(1870)
4201:, 1819
4025:(1730)
3931:(1787)
3666:(1792)
3626:Topics
3562:(1965)
3526:
3507:
3488:
3283:
3214:
3193:
3157:
3060:
3033:
3017:
2912:
2680:, and
2678:Miller
2674:Swayne
2666:Strong
2648:, and
2634:Nelson
2599:absent
2060:010000
2031:005000
2002:001000
1973:001000
1949:001000
1937:Morris
1918:001000
1891:$ 500
1889:000500
1862:$ 500
1860:000500
1831:$ 500
1829:000500
1802:$ 500
1800:000500
1773:$ 100
1771:000100
1744:$ 100
1742:000100
1715:$ 100
1713:000100
1686:$ 100
1684:000100
1655:000050
1626:000050
1597:000050
1566:000050
1537:000020
1508:000020
1479:000020
1452:000020
1423:000010
1414:&
1390:000010
1361:000010
1340:Fr.98
1332:000010
1311:Fr.96
1303:000010
1270:000010
1249:Fr.72
1241:000005
1220:Fr.68
1212:000005
1191:Fr.64
1183:000005
1173:, art)
1144:000005
1123:Fr.52
1115:000002
1094:Fr.47
1086:000002
1065:Fr.42
1057:000002
1036:Fr.41
1028:000002
1007:Fr.29
999:000001
978:Fr.27
970:000001
949:Fr.18
941:000001
910:000001
901:Image
898:Fr. #
892:Value
590:silver
455:. The
305:, and
273:a navy
83:, the
3747:Eagle
3657:Coins
3454:(PDF)
3447:(PDF)
3058:Stat.
3031:Stat.
3015:Stat.
2893:Notes
2682:Davis
2650:Chase
2646:Field
2638:Grier
2564:$ 239
2552:$ 239
2514:$ 100
2482:Value
2479:Image
2370:Value
2367:Image
2258:Value
2255:Image
2105:Value
2102:Image
2065:1878
2036:1878
2007:1880
1978:1878
1954:1869
1894:1880
1865:1875
1848:Adams
1834:1869
1776:1880
1747:1878
1718:1869
1660:1880
1657:$ 50
1631:1874
1628:$ 50
1602:1869
1599:$ 50
1568:$ 50
1542:1880
1539:$ 20
1513:1875
1510:$ 20
1484:1869
1481:$ 20
1454:$ 20
1428:1923
1425:$ 10
1416:Clark
1412:Lewis
1409:Lewis
1395:1901
1392:$ 10
1366:1880
1363:$ 10
1337:1875
1334:$ 10
1308:1869
1305:$ 10
1272:$ 10
1246:1880
1217:1875
1188:1869
1120:1880
1091:1875
1062:1869
1004:1880
975:1878
946:1869
929:Chase
895:Year
860:$ 100
805:$ 500
801:$ 100
638:$ 100
634:$ 100
630:$ 100
626:$ 100
618:$ 100
614:$ 100
315:$ 100
254:$ 150
230:Chase
184:added
117:Union
3979:and
3524:ISBN
3505:ISBN
3486:ISBN
3462:2013
3364:2015
3334:2009
3281:ISBN
3212:ISBN
3191:ISBN
3155:ISBN
3094:2022
2910:ISBN
2710:and
2690:and
2668:and
2585:The
2568:$ 25
1616:Clay
1243:$ 5
1214:$ 5
1185:$ 5
1146:$ 5
1117:$ 2
1088:$ 2
1059:$ 2
1030:$ 2
1001:$ 1
972:$ 1
943:$ 1
912:$ 1
872:$ 10
866:and
842:and
819:and
807:and
797:$ 50
793:$ 20
789:$ 10
600:and
479:and
461:$ 10
422:$ 10
392:and
365:and
311:$ 50
307:$ 20
303:$ 10
138:and
3062:709
3035:532
3019:345
2813:to
2435:$ 5
2397:$ 2
2323:$ 5
2290:$ 2
2211:$ 5
2173:$ 2
2137:$ 1
868:$ 5
864:$ 2
848:$ 1
844:$ 5
840:$ 2
785:$ 5
781:$ 2
777:$ 1
610:$ 2
606:$ 5
602:$ 5
598:$ 2
465:$ 4
367:$ 2
363:$ 1
339:all
299:$ 5
4521::
3555:,
3354:.
3350:.
3325:.
3244:^
3178:^
3125:,
3114:^
3085:.
2931:^
2857:mm
2853:mm
2846:in
2842:in
2718:.
2676:,
2664:,
2644:,
2640:,
2636:,
2526:)
2447:)
2409:)
2335:)
2302:)
2223:)
2185:)
2149:)
803:,
799:,
795:,
791:,
787:,
783:,
779:,
760:13
757:×
744:16
739:16
735:11
727:×
723:16
709:64
697:×
693:16
584:,
580:,
512:.
428:,
317:,
313:,
301:,
249:.
59:A
3987:)
3983:(
3969:e
3962:t
3955:v
3611:e
3604:t
3597:v
3560:.
3532:.
3513:.
3494:.
3464:.
3366:.
3336:.
3287:.
3218:.
3197:.
3161:.
3096:.
2872:(
2864:(
2849:(
2522:(
2443:(
2405:(
2331:(
2298:(
2219:(
2181:(
2145:(
769:4
765:1
762:+
753:4
749:1
746:+
732:+
730:2
719:5
716:+
714:6
705:9
702:+
700:3
689:7
686:+
684:7
275:'
34:.
20:)
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