1722:, and each court was named the "United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the _____ Circuit". When a court of appeals was created for the District of Columbia in 1893, it was named the "Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia", and it was renamed to the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia" in 1934. In 1948, Congress renamed all of the courts of appeals then existing to their current formal names: the court of appeals for each numbered circuit was named the "United States Court of Appeals for the _____ Circuit", and the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia" became the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit". The Tenth Circuit was created in 1929 by subdividing the existing Eighth Circuit, and the Eleventh Circuit was created in 1981 by subdividing the existing Fifth Circuit. The Federal Circuit was created in 1982 by the merger of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the appellate division of the United States Court of Claims.
4841:
1755:
40:
70:
137:
142:
1286:
1678:
law in the case at hand. A court of appeals applies the law as it exists at the time of the appeal; otherwise, it would be handing down decisions that would be instantly obsolete, and this would be a waste of time and resources, since such decisions could not be cited as precedent. " court is to apply the law in effect at the time it renders its decision, unless doing so would result in manifest injustice, or there is statutory direction or some legislative history to the contrary."
1298:
7690:
3148:
in April, so that the revival of the old courts never took effect. The 1802 Act restored circuit riding, but with only one justice to a circuit; it therefore created six new circuits, but with slightly different compositions than the 1801 Act. These six circuits later were augmented by others. Until
3143:
reorganized the districts into six numbered circuits, and created circuit judgeships so that
Supreme Court justices would no longer have to ride circuit. This Act, however, was repealed in March 1802, and Congress provided that the former circuit courts would be revived as of July 1 of that year. But
1736:
Judicial councils are panels in each circuit that are charged with making "necessary and appropriate orders for the effective and expeditious administration of justice" within their circuits. Among their responsibilities is judicial discipline, the formulation of circuit policy, the implementation of
1523:
hold trials and thus determine punishments (in criminal cases) and remedies (in civil cases). Instead, appeals courts review decisions of trial courts for errors of law. Accordingly, an appeals court considers only the record (that is, the papers the parties filed and the transcripts and any exhibits
1677:
Federal and state laws can and do change from time to time, depending on the actions of
Congress and the state legislatures. Therefore, the law that exists at the time of the appeal might be different from the law that existed at the time of the events that are in controversy under civil or criminal
1613:
A court of appeals may also pose questions to the
Supreme Court for a ruling in the midst of reviewing a case. This procedure was formerly used somewhat commonly, but now it is quite rare. For example, while between 1937 and 1946 twenty 'certificate' cases were accepted, since 1947 the Supreme Court
3135:
justices and the local district judge; the three circuits existed solely for the purpose of assigning the justices to a group of circuit courts. Some districts (generally the ones most difficult for an itinerant justice to reach) did not have a circuit court; in these districts the district court
1709:
of a circuit court is granted as a matter of course to any attorney who is admitted to practice law in any state of the United States. The attorney submits an application, pays a fee, and takes the oath of admission. Local practice varies as to whether the oath is given in writing or in open court
1389:
The United States courts of appeals are considered the most powerful and influential courts in the United States after the
Supreme Court. Because of their ability to set legal precedent in regions that cover millions of Americans, the United States courts of appeals have strong policy influence on
1691:
Decisions made by the circuit courts only apply to the states within the court's oversight, though other courts may use the guidance issued by the circuit court in their own judgments. While a single case can only be heard by one circuit court, a core legal principle may be tried through multiple
1586:, and the Supreme Court may choose, in its sole discretion, to review any lower court ruling. In extremely rare cases, the Supreme Court may grant the writ of certiorari before the judgment is rendered by the court of appeals, thereby reviewing the lower court's ruling directly.
1568:. That is, one of the parties in the case could appeal a decision of a court of appeals to the Supreme Court, and it had to accept the case. The right of automatic appeal for most types of decisions of a court of appeals was ended by an Act of Congress, the
1539:. In a court of appeals, an appeal is almost always heard by a "panel" of three judges who are randomly selected from the available judges (including senior judges and judges temporarily assigned to the circuit). Some cases, however, receive an
3099:
This figure includes the 50 states, D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam, and the
Northern Mariana Islands, even though the latter two's district courts are not federal courts per se as noted above. The Federal appeals process has never been codified in
1745:
on the number and nature of orders entered during the year that relate to judicial misconduct. Judicial councils consist of the chief judge of the circuit and an equal number of circuit judges and district judges of the circuit.
1674:. Other federal courts in that circuit must, from that point forward, follow the appeals court's guidance in similar cases, regardless of whether the trial judge thinks that the case should be decided differently.
1460:. More recently, court decisions have also been made available electronically on official court websites. However, there are also a few federal court decisions that are classified for national security reasons.
1696:
among the circuit courts. Often, if there is a split decision between two or more circuits, and a related case is petitioned to the
Supreme Court, the Supreme Court will take that case as to resolve the split.
1502:
that moved periodically from place to place in "circuits" in order to serve the dispersed population in towns and the smaller cities that existed then. The "courts of appeals" system was established in the
1390:
U.S. law. Moreover, because the
Supreme Court chooses to review fewer than 3% of the 7,000 to 8,000 cases filed with it annually, the U.S. courts of appeals serve as the final arbiter on most federal cases.
1524:
from any trial) from the trial court, and the legal arguments of the parties. These arguments, which are presented in written form and can range in length from dozens to hundreds of pages, are known as
1549:
court consists of all of the circuit judges who are on active status, but it does not include the senior or assigned judges (except that under some circumstances, a senior judge may participate in an
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1988:
1983:
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1978:
1968:
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Plenary review, with oral arguments by attorneys, is granted in about 80 of those cases each Term, and the Court typically disposes of about 100 or more cases without plenary review.
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1973:
1939:
1934:
1841:
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43:
Map of the geographic boundaries of the various United States courts of appeals (numbered and colored) and United States district courts (marked by state boundaries or dotted lines)
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2003:
1998:
1929:
466:
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exercised the original jurisdiction of a circuit court. As new states were admitted to the Union, Congress often did not create circuit courts for them for a number of years.
1667:
Circuits have established a
Bankruptcy Appellate Panel. Those circuits that do not have a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel have their bankruptcy appeals heard by the district court.
1366:. The courts of appeals are divided into 13 "Circuits". Eleven of the circuits are numbered "First" through "Eleventh" and cover geographic areas of the United States and hear
9270:
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2008:
1993:
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were established. The original three circuits were given distinct names, rather than numbers: the
Eastern, the Middle, and the Southern. Each circuit court consisted of two
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2182:
2177:
1802:
5288:
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1821:
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3073:- The Federal Circuit's jurisdiction is not based on geography; rather, the Federal Circuit has jurisdiction over the entire United States, for certain classes of cases.
2302:
1870:
180:
169:
8992:
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2157:
1421:. They have lifetime tenure, earning (as of 2023) an annual salary of $ 246,600. The actual number of judges in service varies, both because of vacancies and because
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1498:, which were active from 1789 through 1911, during the time when long-distance transportation was much less available, and which were primarily first-level federal
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series since the courts were established. Only decisions that the courts designate for publication are included. The "unpublished" opinions (of all but the
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2017:
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The current procedure is that a party in a case may apply to the
Supreme Court to review a ruling of the circuit court. This is called petitioning for a
9365:
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7624:
4024:
2432:
3104:, and matters of federal law arising in American Samoa have generally been adjudicated in U.S. district courts in Hawaii or the District of Columbia.
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10672:
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8714:
4238:
1742:
1628:, but the Supreme Court dismissed the question. The last instance of the Supreme Court accepting a set of questions and answering them was in 1982's
231:
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1601:
1322:
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1705:
In order to serve as counsel in a case appealed to a circuit court, the attorney must first be admitted to the bar of that circuit.
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The courts of appeals, and the lower courts and specific other bodies over which they have appellate jurisdiction, are as follows:
1738:
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1710:
before a judge of the circuit, and most courts of appeals allow the applicant attorney to choose which method he or she prefers.
1068:
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8520:
8376:
7709:
7617:
4807:
4242:
2533:
1315:
1130:
1099:
1055:
1029:
969:
949:
847:
832:
475:
351:
150:
10396:
10284:
10154:
10058:
9967:
9891:
9436:
9402:
8417:
8407:
8402:
8260:
8255:
8119:
8084:
7855:
7744:
4784:
3992:
2437:
1090:
974:
821:
270:
4771:
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10592:
10489:
10426:
10416:
10299:
10090:
10053:
9982:
9814:
9779:
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9060:
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8564:
8515:
8488:
8412:
8371:
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7804:
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and court of appeals status in 1948. The courts of the District had been incorporated into the Federal Court System by the
1890:
1536:
1191:
191:
3149:
1866, each new circuit (except the short-lived California Circuit) was accompanied by a newly created Supreme Court seat.
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cases in separate circuit courts, creating an inconsistency between different parts of the United States. This creates a
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220:
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hears appeals from federal courts across the entire United States in cases involving certain specialized areas of law.
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4158:
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3132:
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hearing who participated at an earlier stage of the same case). Because of the large number of Appellate Judges in the
1529:
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1398:
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1229:
1004:
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954:
642:
524:
367:
359:
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10484:
10352:
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10251:
10211:
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10065:
9942:
9917:
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9804:
9282:
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8180:
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However, the above rule cannot apply in criminal cases if the effect of applying the newer law would be to create an
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1234:
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1112:
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907:
872:
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9189:
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8483:
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7835:
3090:- A justice may be assigned to more than one circuit, and two or more justices may be assigned to the same circuit.
2492:
2487:
1731:
1494:
Although the courts of appeals are frequently called "circuit courts", they should not be confused with the former
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877:
859:
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The number of circuits remained unchanged until the year after Rhode Island ratified the Constitution, when the
2585:
These are administrative bodies within the executive branch and are therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
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509:
489:
312:
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7674:
5501:
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This is an administrative body within the legislative branch and therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
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436:
328:
30:
This article is about the federal appellate court system in place since 1912. For the pre-1912 system, see
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1572:, which also reorganized many other things in the federal court system. Passage of this law was urged by
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31:
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Many decades ago, certain classes of federal court cases held the right of an automatic appeal to the
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The Federal Circuit also has appellate jurisdiction over certain claims filed in any district court.
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status. Appellate jurisdiction from the Puerto Rico courts was assigned to the 1st Circuit in 1915.
1467:, and the one with the largest number of appellate judges is the geographically large and populous
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128:
120:
4703:
1758:
Map of the boundaries of the United States courts of appeals and United States district courts
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does not have a district court or federal territorial court; federal matters there go to the
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before the appeals judges. At such hearings, only the parties' lawyers speak to the court.
1483:, while the places where those judges must regularly sit to hear appeals are prescribed in
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1670:
Courts of appeals decisions, unlike those of the lower federal courts, establish binding
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617:
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3995:, a federally established appellate court that is not considered a U.S. court of appeals
1425:
who continue to hear cases are not counted against the number of authorized judgeships.
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6979:
6893:
6873:
6828:
6808:
6783:
6589:
6554:
6549:
6453:
6448:
6407:
6352:
6240:
6134:
5987:
5936:
5911:
5800:
5795:
5739:
4589:
4441:
4383:
4360:
3834:
1902:
917:
752:
632:
597:
4454:
4257:
136:
10169:
9325:
8677:
8175:
8094:
8079:
7496:
7485:
7445:
7394:
7389:
7277:
7191:
7181:
7105:
7085:
7044:
6939:
6913:
6853:
6818:
6798:
6706:
6691:
6544:
6483:
6417:
6367:
6190:
6179:
6083:
6078:
6063:
6017:
5906:
5840:
5678:
5658:
4709:
4096:
2849:
1682:
1591:
927:
797:
757:
712:
612:
514:
409:
4766:
4574:
4396:
1515:
Because the courts of appeals possess only appellate jurisdiction, they do not hold
10085:
9932:
9638:
9458:
8468:
8309:
8292:
8287:
8126:
7541:
7455:
7435:
7404:
7384:
7379:
7237:
7186:
7130:
6984:
6969:
6959:
6878:
6742:
6671:
6605:
6438:
6210:
6058:
6007:
5997:
5885:
5729:
3933:
3243:
2422:
2398:
1448:
1434:
1429:
1428:
Decisions of the U.S. courts of appeals have been published by the private company
1379:
519:
5627:
4162:
3070:
9794:
9570:
9468:
9240:
8540:
8473:
8242:
8163:
8109:
7669:
7521:
7511:
7414:
7338:
7024:
6994:
6898:
6848:
6833:
6813:
6788:
6777:
6737:
6722:
6696:
6655:
6584:
6498:
6478:
6392:
6311:
6306:
6291:
6195:
6108:
6012:
6002:
5931:
5916:
5896:
5855:
5845:
5815:
5810:
5734:
5632:
5616:
4746:
4559:
4494:
2969:
2879:
2819:
2699:
1718:
When the courts of appeals were created in 1891, one was created for each of the
1347:
1302:
922:
404:
387:
377:
320:
256:
183:
4705:
Law in American History, Volume 1: From the Colonial Years Through the Civil War
4154:
4027:, an Article I tribunal that reviews decisions of the Board of Veterans' Appeals
3087:
1488:
1480:
1402:
10264:
10164:
9547:
8682:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8334:
8197:
8131:
7526:
7501:
7491:
7368:
7318:
7267:
7115:
7039:
6858:
6843:
6838:
6681:
6666:
6661:
6538:
6503:
6493:
6402:
6346:
6281:
6250:
6149:
6073:
5992:
5946:
5891:
5825:
5744:
5719:
5663:
5637:
5520:
4776:
4761:
3379:
3360:
1221:
1148:
5759:
1622:, 375 F.3d 238 (2d Cir. 2004), as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in
10661:
9245:
8545:
8354:
7989:
7562:
7328:
7272:
7247:
7171:
7161:
7074:
7014:
6949:
6908:
6888:
6823:
6732:
6686:
6564:
6443:
6422:
6245:
6118:
6068:
5901:
5805:
5790:
5764:
5754:
5749:
4473:"City of Mesquite v. Aladdin's Castle, Inc., 455 US 283 - Supreme Court 1982"
4054:
3741:
3181:
3166:
2194:
1814:
1693:
303:
245:
223:
172:
141:
4671:
4337:
Rule 35-3 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, Ninth Circuit Rules.
9552:
9524:
8579:
7602:
7587:
7582:
7506:
7252:
7110:
7080:
7009:
6863:
6676:
6620:
6508:
6412:
6397:
6382:
6357:
6255:
5977:
5673:
5668:
4125:
The pre-existing territorial district court of Puerto Rico was elevated to
3808:
3795:
3273:
3213:
2999:
2939:
2789:
2759:
2729:
2639:
1858:
1422:
399:
382:
370:
234:
161:
4534:
9829:
9360:
8697:
8599:
8339:
8202:
7958:
7814:
7419:
7282:
7262:
7166:
6918:
6803:
6701:
6579:
6574:
6559:
6387:
6377:
6230:
6225:
6185:
5835:
5642:
4739:
3972:
3515:
3228:
2909:
1961:
1525:
1499:
392:
4061:, and the Massachusetts District, comprising the remainder of the state.
1297:
8692:
8498:
8324:
8319:
8237:
7034:
6610:
5926:
5850:
4078:
into the Kentucky District, comprising what is now the Commonwealth of
3905:
3677:
3258:
2022:
1583:
1453:
4751:
4629:"Geographic Boundaries of US Courts of Appeals and US District Courts"
1528:. Sometimes lawyers are permitted to add to their written briefs with
10181:
10174:
7399:
7029:
4410:"US v. Penaranda, 375 F. 3d 238 - Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit 2004"
4108:
The pre-existing courts of the District of Columbia were elevated to
4021:, an Article I tribunal that hears appeals of court-martial decisions
3694:
3662:
3483:
3436:
2130:
1671:
1535:
The rules that govern the procedure in the courts of appeals are the
286:
8364:
8314:
6883:
4082:, and the Virginia District, comprising the remainder of the state.
4079:
4075:
3890:
3780:
3767:
3600:
3581:
3564:
3530:
3341:
3322:
3307:
3288:
1557:(29), only ten judges, chosen at random, and the Chief Judge hear
5572:
3920:
3860:
3821:
3617:
3547:
3502:
3421:
2339:
2081:
1541:
1457:
4397:
The Death of the Supreme Court's Certified Question Jurisdiction
2610:
figures, the population residing in each circuit is as follows.
1463:
The circuit with the smallest number of appellate judges is the
4031:
United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
3959:
3946:
3754:
3724:
3709:
2285:
1775:
1367:
4644:
2561:
tribunals and are therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
4708:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 197.
4058:
4057:
into the Maine District, comprising what is now the State of
3999:
Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts
3847:
3632:
3196:
1516:
4339:
http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/rules/frap.pdf
4182:
3875:
3647:
3468:
3455:
1211:
1216:
1452:, and they are also available in on-line databases like
1397:
on the U.S. courts of appeals authorized by Congress in
4300:, Federal Judicial Center (last visited March 5, 2014).
1475:
has authorized for each circuit is set forth by law in
4210:
3044:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3004:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2959:
2949:
2944:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2869:
2859:
2854:
2839:
2829:
2824:
2809:
2799:
2794:
2779:
2769:
2764:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2719:
2709:
2704:
2689:
2679:
2674:
2659:
2649:
2644:
4829:
List of United States district and territorial courts
4294:
The U.S. Courts of Appeals and the Federal Judiciary
2521:
2519:
2517:
1614:
has accepted only four. The Second Circuit, sitting
4019:
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
4258:"The Supreme Court at Work: The Term and Caseload"
4149:The assignment of judicial circuits is defined by
4025:United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
5433:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
4697:
4695:
3123:established three circuits, which were groups of
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2514:
1743:Administrative Office of the United States Courts
467:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
10659:
9393:Native American recognition in the United States
4806:
1545:hearing. Except in the Ninth Circuit Court, the
1471:in the Far West. The number of judges that the
2539:
1741:, and the annual submission of a report to the
4692:
2564:
1618:, attempted to use this procedure in the case
9790:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
7974:
7618:
5558:
4792:
4626:
4183:Brian Duignan, Gloria Lotha (July 20, 1998).
4009:List of United States courts of appeals cases
1362:, and their decisions can be appealed to the
1323:
7632:
4600:
4220:Executive Office for United States Attorneys
4004:List of current United States circuit judges
2553:
2551:
4455:"United States v. Penaranda, 543 U.S. 1117"
4091:The first District of Ohio encompassed the
7988:
7981:
7967:
7625:
7611:
5565:
5551:
5418:Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation
4799:
4785:
4318:United States Court of Appeals 2nd Circuit
4216:"Introduction To The Federal Court System"
4169:falls within the same judicial circuit as
1330:
1316:
9403:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
4767:United States Appeals Courts @ OpenJurist
4762:Official site of the United States Courts
4528:
4526:
4524:
2548:
1630:City of Mesquite v. Aladdin's Castle, Inc
1600:, and in the 2005 decision involving the
10678:Courts and tribunals established in 1891
10673:1891 establishments in the United States
5428:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
4603:"2020 Population and Housing State Data"
4536:Judicial Discipline Process: An Overview
4505:from the original on September 25, 2023.
4420:from the original on September 19, 2023.
4239:Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts
2588:
2478:Office of Congressional Workplace Rights
2453:Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals
2257:District of the Northern Mariana Islands
1753:
1739:Judicial Conference of the United States
38:
9454:List of counties and county equivalents
4532:
462:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
452:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
51:This article is part of a series on the
27:Post-1891 U.S. appellate circuit courts
14:
10683:Federal judiciary of the United States
10660:
4521:
4143:
1749:
1354:. They hear appeals of cases from the
7962:
7606:
5546:
4780:
4701:
4314:"IOP 35.1. En Banc Poll and Decision"
3993:District of Columbia Court of Appeals
2601:
1647:of its circuit. As of 2008, only the
1446:) are published separately in West's
822:Elections in the District of Columbia
5477:Former United States district courts
4772:Federal Court Concepts, Georgia Tech
4645:Supreme Court of the United States.
4483:from the original on August 1, 2022.
4036:
3941:District of Columbia Circuit, 1948–
2433:Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
1737:policy directives received from the
1725:
1537:Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure
1407:Article III of the U.S. Constitution
1192:United States and the United Nations
424:Inferior Courts of the United States
4533:Barbour, Emily C. (April 7, 2011),
4284:U.S. Courts. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
1688:to the detriment of the defendant.
296:Vice President of the United States
24:
4839:
4819:Supreme Court of the United States
4399:", 59 Cath. U. L. Rev. 483 (2010).
2532:and are therefore not part of the
2463:Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
1950:Southern District of West Virginia
1945:Northern District of West Virginia
1925:Western District of North Carolina
1915:Eastern District of North Carolina
1566:Supreme Court of the United States
1364:Supreme Court of the United States
360:Supreme Court of the United States
68:
25:
10694:
8799:Director of National Intelligence
4733:
3593:6th, 1863–1866 (Eastern District)
3591:9th, 1851–1863 (Eastern District)
3491:9th, 1837–1842 (Eastern District)
1920:Middle District of North Carolina
1635:A court of appeals may convene a
90:Constitution of the United States
8955:Government Accountability Office
7688:
4752:History of the Federal Judiciary
4298:History of the Federal Judiciary
4185:"United States Court of Appeals"
2631:Population per authorized judge
2493:Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
1989:Southern District of Mississippi
1984:Northern District of Mississippi
1886:Western District of Pennsylvania
1876:Eastern District of Pennsylvania
1732:Judicial council (United States)
1296:
1284:
535:Elections by State and Territory
140:
135:
10668:United States courts of appeals
5575:United States courts of appeals
4824:United States courts of appeals
4664:
4638:
4620:
4594:
4579:
4564:
4549:
4509:
4487:
4465:
4447:
4424:
4402:
4389:
4366:
4343:
4119:
4102:
4085:
4064:
4043:
3093:
3076:
3059:
2227:Southern District of California
2222:Northern District of California
1881:Middle District of Pennsylvania
1713:
1352:United States federal judiciary
1344:United States courts of appeals
1197:United Nations Security Council
1100:District of Columbia Government
18:United States Courts of Appeals
10598:Separation of church and state
8814:National Reconnaissance Office
8757:President of the United States
4544:Congressional Research Service
4495:"28 U.S. Code § 158 - Appeals"
4331:
4303:
4287:
4275:
4250:
4226:
4204:
4176:
2473:Merit Systems Protection Board
2468:International Trade Commission
2272:Western District of Washington
2267:Eastern District of Washington
2217:Eastern District of California
2212:Central District of California
1891:District of the Virgin Islands
1555:Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
1415:president of the United States
313:United States Attorney General
279:President of the United States
13:
1:
7675:Bill (United States Congress)
5423:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
4518:, 416 U.S. 696, 711-12 (1974)
4260:. United States Supreme Court
4136:
3685:California Circuit, 1855–1863
2483:Patent Trial and Appeal Board
2411:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
2313:Northern District of Oklahoma
2119:Western District of Wisconsin
2114:Eastern District of Wisconsin
2099:Southern District of Illinois
2094:Northern District of Illinois
2070:Western District of Tennessee
2060:Eastern District of Tennessee
1979:Western District of Louisiana
1969:Eastern District of Louisiana
1837:Southern District of New York
1832:Northern District of New York
1602:Federal Sentencing Guidelines
1356:United States district courts
457:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
8960:Government Publishing Office
8428:Technological and industrial
5492:Eastern District of Illinois
5413:Court of International Trade
4808:United States federal courts
4516:Bradley v. Richmond Sch. Bd.
4127:United States district court
4110:United States district court
3158:Judicial District(s) created
3129:United States circuit courts
3106:see also : GAO-08-1124T
2998:
2968:
2938:
2908:
2878:
2848:
2818:
2788:
2758:
2728:
2698:
2668:
2638:
2628:Percentage of US population
2458:Bureau of Justice Assistance
2443:Court of International Trade
2394:District of Columbia Circuit
2387:Southern District of Georgia
2382:Northern District of Georgia
2372:Southern District of Florida
2367:Northern District of Florida
2357:Southern District of Alabama
2352:Northern District of Alabama
2318:Western District of Oklahoma
2308:Eastern District of Oklahoma
2168:Western District of Missouri
2163:Eastern District of Missouri
2143:Western District of Arkansas
2138:Eastern District of Arkansas
2109:Southern District of Indiana
2104:Northern District of Indiana
2089:Central District of Illinois
2065:Middle District of Tennessee
2045:Western District of Michigan
2040:Eastern District of Michigan
2035:Western District of Kentucky
2030:Eastern District of Kentucky
1974:Middle District of Louisiana
1940:Western District of Virginia
1935:Eastern District of Virginia
1842:Western District of New York
1827:Eastern District of New York
1700:
1510:
1496:United States circuit courts
1413:, they are nominated by the
1376:District of Columbia Circuit
1360:U.S. administrative agencies
447:Court of International Trade
7:
10432:Women's reproductive health
9398:Federally recognized tribes
9261:Public utilities commission
9165:Public Health Service Corps
9068:Code of Federal Regulations
8950:Congressional Budget Office
8804:Central Intelligence Agency
8710:Water supply and sanitation
8137:Declaration of Independence
4499:Legal Information Institute
3986:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
2994:
2964:
2934:
2904:
2874:
2844:
2814:
2784:
2754:
2724:
2694:
2664:
2634:
2612:
1720:nine circuits then existing
32:United States circuit court
10:
10699:
9610:Red states and blue states
9515:City commission government
9510:Council–manager government
5497:District of the Canal Zone
4234:"Court Role and Structure"
4212:U.S. Department of Justice
3114:
2995:
2965:
2935:
2905:
2875:
2845:
2815:
2785:
2755:
2725:
2695:
2665:
2635:
2377:Middle District of Georgia
2362:Middle District of Florida
2347:Middle District of Alabama
2004:Southern District of Texas
1999:Northern District of Texas
1930:District of South Carolina
1729:
1637:Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
1620:United States v. Penaranda
1588:Certiorari before judgment
1374:within their borders. The
29:
10619:
10445:
10318:
10250:
9903:
9899:
9890:
9838:
9703:
9694:
9590:
9561:
9538:
9477:
9444:
9435:
9378:
9366:Comparison of governments
9341:
9304:
9281:
9197:
9177:
9108:
9046:
8968:
8891:
8749:
8740:
8736:
8727:
8449:
8440:
8385:
8345:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
8186:drafting and ratification
8159:Articles of Confederation
8072:
8006:
7997:
7823:
7800:Law School Admission Test
7785:
7763:
7708:
7697:
7686:
7640:
7550:
7477:
7468:
7428:
7360:
7351:
7291:
7218:
7209:
7139:
7066:
7057:
6927:
6769:
6760:
6715:
6647:
6638:
6598:
6530:
6521:
6431:
6338:
6329:
6269:
6171:
6162:
6127:
6039:
6030:
5960:
5877:
5868:
5783:
5705:
5696:
5651:
5608:
5599:
5581:
5515:
5469:
5441:
5405:
4928:
4850:
4837:
4814:
4702:White, G. Edward (2012).
4165:which specifies that the
2608:2020 United States Census
2153:Southern District of Iowa
2148:Northern District of Iowa
2055:Southern District of Ohio
2050:Northern District of Ohio
2009:Western District of Texas
1994:Eastern District of Texas
1793:District of New Hampshire
1788:District of Massachusetts
888:List of political parties
10385:Prescription drug prices
9505:Mayor–council government
9495:Coterminous municipality
9485:Consolidated city-county
9251:Agriculture commissioner
8901:House of Representatives
8809:National Security Agency
8459:Contiguous United States
7634:Law of the United States
5456:Northern Mariana Islands
4167:Northern Mariana Islands
2449:Administrative agencies
2183:District of South Dakota
2178:District of North Dakota
1803:District of Rhode Island
1643:cases directly from the
1291:United States portal
803:Northern Mariana Islands
151:House of Representatives
10470:Criticism of government
9815:Social welfare programs
9408:State-recognized tribes
8393:Outline of U.S. history
8105:Continental Association
4756:Federal Judicial Center
4745:April 10, 2021, at the
4373:United States v. Booker
4190:Encyclopædia Britannica
3144:it then passed the new
2488:Personnel Appeals Board
2438:Court of Federal Claims
1822:District of Connecticut
1798:District of Puerto Rico
1607:United States v. Booker
1020:Individualist anarchism
192:Congressional districts
10532:Environmental movement
10375:Health insurance costs
10270:Educational attainment
9795:Federal Reserve System
9753:Science and technology
9256:Insurance commissioner
8794:Intelligence Community
8489:minor outlying islands
8252:Civil rights movement
4844:
4740:Info about U.S. courts
4350:United States v. Nixon
3460:1801 (abolished 1802)
3161:Circuit assignment(s)
2303:District of New Mexico
1871:District of New Jersey
1759:
1597:United States v. Nixon
1157:Diplomatic missions of
1035:Political polarization
505:Presidential elections
129:United States Congress
73:
44:
10358:Immigrant health care
9873:Transportation safety
9868:Transportation policy
9858:Public transportation
8928:President pro tempore
8784:Executive departments
8553:National Park Service
8208:Territorial evolution
5533:its own Supreme Court
4843:
4647:"Circuit Assignments"
4431:Blakely v. Washington
4282:Judicial Compensation
4114:Judiciary Act of 1925
4072:Judiciary Act of 1789
4051:Judiciary Act of 1789
3146:Judiciary Act of 1802
3121:Judiciary Act of 1789
2158:District of Minnesota
1757:
1625:Blakely v. Washington
1570:Judiciary Act of 1925
1521:original jurisdiction
1505:Judiciary Act of 1891
1417:and confirmed by the
1346:are the intermediate
232:President Pro Tempore
72:
42:
10527:Environmental issues
10192:Political ideologies
10091:Indigenous languages
9291:List of legislatures
9088:separation of powers
8789:Independent agencies
8715:World Heritage Sites
8350:September 11 attacks
8273:Spanish–American War
8213:Mexican–American War
8169:Confederation period
8100:Continental Congress
7810:Admission to the bar
7660:Separation of powers
5525:District of Columbia
5008:District of Columbia
3934:District of Columbia
2619:Supervising justice
2406:District of Columbia
2293:District of Colorado
2173:District of Nebraska
1910:District of Maryland
1866:District of Delaware
1707:Admission to the bar
1419:United States Senate
1372:U.S. district courts
1161:in the United States
901:Political ideologies
525:Presidential primary
10370:Health care finance
9863:Rail transportation
9629:Imperial presidency
9351:State constitutions
9296:List of legislators
9246:Auditor/Comptroller
9219:Lieutenant governor
8945:Library of Congress
8836:Diplomatic Security
8479:Indian reservations
8142:American Revolution
7750:International Trade
5487:District of Potomac
5482:District of Orleans
4627:US Circuit Courts.
4097:Indiana Territories
4014:State supreme court
3408:Southern, 1789–1801
3387:Southern, 1789–1801
3368:Southern, 1790–1801
3141:Midnight Judges Act
2328:District of Wyoming
2247:District of Montana
2207:District of Arizona
1847:District of Vermont
1750:Circuit composition
1639:to hear appeals in
1590:was granted in the
1577:William Howard Taft
1519:. Only courts with
1303:Politics portal
1138:Department of State
813:U.S. Virgin Islands
10480:affirmative action
10453:Capital punishment
10412:Poverty and health
10407:Physician shortage
10380:Health care prices
10310:Standard of living
9993:standard of living
9800:Financial position
9427:Hawaiian home land
9415:Indian reservation
9388:Tribal sovereignty
9231:Secretary of state
9100:United States Code
9016:Territorial courts
8988:Associate Justices
8873:Inspector generals
8360:War in Afghanistan
8223:Reconstruction era
8090:Stamp Act Congress
7846:Child sexual abuse
7836:Administrative law
7680:United States Code
7642:Constitutional law
5590:represent current
5507:District of Berlin
5443:Territorial courts
4845:
4601:US Census Bureau.
3429:Eastern, 1791–1801
3251:Eastern, 1789–1801
3236:Eastern, 1789–1801
3221:Eastern, 1790–1801
3204:Eastern, 1789–1801
3189:Eastern, 1789–1801
3174:Eastern, 1789–1801
3125:judicial districts
2622:Authorized judges
2602:Circuit population
2530:territorial courts
2298:District of Kansas
2262:District of Oregon
2252:District of Nevada
2237:District of Hawaii
2202:District of Alaska
1760:
1584:writ of certiorari
1145:Secretary of State
515:Off-year elections
497:National Elections
204:Non-voting members
82:Federal government
74:
45:
10655:
10654:
10615:
10614:
10611:
10610:
10581:National security
10290:Income inequality
10170:Statue of Liberty
9973:income inequality
9886:
9885:
9878:Trucking industry
9690:
9689:
9686:
9685:
9617:Foreign relations
9605:Electoral College
9586:
9585:
9374:
9373:
9326:District attorney
9173:
9172:
9000:Courts of appeals
8723:
8722:
8436:
8435:
8377:COVID-19 pandemic
8330:Feminist Movement
8176:American frontier
8095:Thirteen Colonies
7956:
7955:
7781:
7780:
7736:
7600:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7464:
7463:
7347:
7346:
7205:
7204:
7053:
7052:
6756:
6755:
6634:
6633:
6517:
6516:
6325:
6324:
6158:
6157:
6026:
6025:
5942:Montgomery-Reeves
5864:
5863:
5692:
5691:
5540:
5539:
5502:District of China
5222:North Carolina (
4852:Courts of appeals
4243:Federal Judiciary
4241:on behalf of the
4037:Explanatory notes
3984:
3983:
3330:Middle, 1789–1801
3315:Middle, 1789–1801
3296:Middle, 1789–1801
3281:Middle, 1789–1801
3266:Middle, 1789–1801
3050:
3049:
2534:federal judiciary
2502:
2501:
2242:District of Idaho
1783:District of Maine
1726:Judicial councils
1592:Watergate scandal
1444:Eleventh Circuits
1340:
1339:
1179:Visa requirements
1131:Foreign relations
1030:Political culture
970:Constitutionalism
848:Political parties
833:List of Elections
520:Primary elections
510:Midterm elections
432:Courts of appeals
60:
16:(Redirected from
10690:
10635:
10628:
10515:African American
10397:Health insurance
10285:Household income
10155:National symbols
10086:American English
10059:Federal holidays
9968:household income
9901:
9900:
9897:
9896:
9701:
9700:
9639:Anti-Americanism
9563:Special district
9490:Independent city
9459:County executive
9442:
9441:
9236:Attorney general
9195:
9194:
9184:Federal District
8767:Executive Office
8747:
8746:
8738:
8737:
8734:
8733:
8494:populated places
8474:federal enclaves
8469:federal district
8447:
8446:
8310:American Century
8293:Great Depression
8288:Roaring Twenties
8248:Women's suffrage
8127:Halifax Resolves
8120:Founding Fathers
8115:military history
8080:Pre-colonial era
8004:
8003:
7983:
7976:
7969:
7960:
7959:
7856:Conflict of laws
7730:
7706:
7705:
7692:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7604:
7603:
7475:
7474:
7358:
7357:
7216:
7215:
7064:
7063:
6767:
6766:
6645:
6644:
6528:
6527:
6336:
6335:
6169:
6168:
6037:
6036:
5875:
5874:
5703:
5702:
5606:
5605:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5544:
5543:
5406:Specialty courts
5374:West Virginia (
4801:
4794:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4699:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4676:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4651:supremecourt.gov
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4598:
4592:
4590:§ 332(1)(a)
4583:
4577:
4568:
4562:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4451:
4445:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4406:
4400:
4395:Aaron Nielson, "
4393:
4387:
4370:
4364:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4307:
4301:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4180:
4174:
4147:
4130:
4123:
4117:
4106:
4100:
4089:
4083:
4068:
4062:
4047:
3152:
3151:
3108:
3097:
3091:
3080:
3074:
3063:
3046:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3006:
2996:Federal Circuit
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2613:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2523:
2335:Eleventh Circuit
2323:District of Utah
2232:District of Guam
1765:
1764:
1645:bankruptcy court
1449:Federal Appendix
1435:Federal Reporter
1348:appellate courts
1332:
1325:
1318:
1301:
1300:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1108:District Council
1091:Local government
975:Environmentalism
339:Executive Office
334:Federal agencies
144:
139:
59:Politics of the
58:
47:
46:
21:
10698:
10697:
10693:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10688:
10687:
10658:
10657:
10656:
10651:
10638:
10631:
10624:
10607:
10593:Opioid epidemic
10510:Native American
10490:intersex rights
10441:
10437:Life expectancy
10427:Medical deserts
10417:Race and health
10314:
10300:Personal income
10246:
10150:National anthem
9983:personal income
9948:Economic issues
9882:
9834:
9682:
9582:
9571:School district
9557:
9540:Minor divisions
9534:
9473:
9431:
9370:
9356:Statutory codes
9337:
9300:
9277:
9187:
9182:
9169:
9104:
9061:civil liberties
9042:
9033:Other tribunals
9012:District courts
8964:
8923:current members
8906:current members
8887:
8821:Law enforcement
8719:
8432:
8381:
8372:Great Recession
8243:Progressive Era
8233:Native genocide
8164:Perpetual Union
8152:Treaty of Paris
8110:United Colonies
8068:
7993:
7987:
7957:
7952:
7851:Civil procedure
7819:
7777:
7759:
7700:
7693:
7684:
7670:Act of Congress
7644:
7636:
7631:
7601:
7592:
7546:
7470:Federal Circuit
7460:
7424:
7343:
7287:
7201:
7135:
7049:
6923:
6752:
6711:
6630:
6594:
6570:Jackson-Akiwumi
6513:
6427:
6321:
6265:
6154:
6123:
6022:
5956:
5860:
5779:
5688:
5647:
5595:
5577:
5571:
5541:
5536:
5511:
5465:
5437:
5401:
5299:South Carolina
4930:District courts
4924:
4846:
4833:
4810:
4805:
4747:Wayback Machine
4736:
4731:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4700:
4693:
4683:
4681:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4643:
4639:
4631:
4625:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4599:
4595:
4584:
4580:
4569:
4565:
4554:
4550:
4539:
4531:
4522:
4514:
4510:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4429:
4425:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4394:
4390:
4371:
4367:
4348:
4344:
4336:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4181:
4177:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4124:
4120:
4107:
4103:
4090:
4086:
4069:
4065:
4048:
4044:
4039:
3989:
3914:
3899:
3884:
3869:
3789:
3735:
3733:
3718:
3717:10th, 1863–1866
3703:
3688:
3687:10th, 1863–1866
3686:
3671:
3656:
3641:
3626:
3611:
3609:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3575:
3573:
3558:
3556:
3541:
3539:
3524:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3477:
3463:6th, 1801–1802
3449:
3447:
3445:
3430:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3282:
3267:
3252:
3237:
3222:
3207:
3205:
3190:
3175:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3098:
3094:
3081:
3077:
3064:
3060:
3038:
2984:
2954:
2924:
2894:
2864:
2834:
2804:
2774:
2744:
2714:
2684:
2654:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2565:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2524:
2515:
2504:
2418:Federal Circuit
2077:Seventh Circuit
1752:
1734:
1728:
1716:
1703:
1594:-related case,
1513:
1430:West Publishing
1384:Federal Circuit
1336:
1307:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1226:
1208:
1188:
1169:Nationality law
1165:
1153:
1133:
1123:
1122:
1095:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1026:
961:
903:
893:
892:
884:
864:
850:
840:
839:
827:
817:
539:
531:
501:
492:
482:
481:
476:Other tribunals
471:
437:District courts
419:
354:
344:
343:
325:
321:Merrick Garland
273:
263:
262:
257:Mitch McConnell
254:Minority Leader
243:Majority Leader
208:
184:Hakeem Jeffries
181:Minority Leader
170:Majority Leader
146:
123:
113:
112:
84:
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10696:
10686:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10653:
10652:
10650:
10649:
10644:
10637:
10636:
10629:
10621:
10620:
10617:
10616:
10613:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10606:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10589:
10588:
10578:
10577:
10576:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10549:Mass shootings
10546:
10541:
10540:
10539:
10537:Climate change
10534:
10524:
10519:
10518:
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10475:Discrimination
10472:
10467:
10466:
10465:
10455:
10449:
10447:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10388:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10367:
10366:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10330:
10324:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10313:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10265:American Dream
10262:
10256:
10254:
10248:
10247:
10245:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10232:Transportation
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10178:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10165:Mount Rushmore
10162:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10136:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10105:
10100:
10099:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10078:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10062:
10061:
10051:
10046:
10045:
10044:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10023:
10022:
10017:
10007:
10006:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9909:
9907:
9894:
9888:
9887:
9884:
9883:
9881:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9844:
9842:
9836:
9835:
9833:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9785:Federal budget
9782:
9777:
9772:
9771:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9723:Communications
9720:
9715:
9704:
9698:
9692:
9691:
9688:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9680:
9675:
9674:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9653:
9652:
9651:
9646:
9644:exceptionalism
9641:
9631:
9626:
9625:
9624:
9622:foreign policy
9614:
9613:
9612:
9607:
9597:
9591:
9588:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9580:
9579:
9578:
9567:
9565:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9555:
9550:
9544:
9542:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9481:
9479:
9475:
9474:
9472:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9450:
9448:
9439:
9433:
9432:
9430:
9429:
9424:
9423:
9422:
9412:
9411:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9390:
9384:
9382:
9376:
9375:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9347:
9345:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9335:
9334:
9333:
9323:
9322:
9321:
9319:Chief justices
9314:Supreme courts
9310:
9308:
9302:
9301:
9299:
9298:
9293:
9287:
9285:
9279:
9278:
9276:
9275:
9274:
9273:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9227:
9226:
9216:
9215:
9214:
9203:
9201:
9192:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9156:
9155:
9153:National Guard
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9114:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9097:
9096:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9070:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9056:Bill of Rights
9052:
9050:
9044:
9043:
9041:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9029:
9028:
9026:list of judges
9023:
9021:list of courts
9009:
9008:
9007:
9005:list of judges
8997:
8996:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8974:
8972:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8940:Capitol Police
8937:
8936:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8908:
8897:
8895:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8869:
8868:
8863:
8861:Secret Service
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8774:Vice President
8771:
8770:
8769:
8764:
8753:
8751:
8744:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8701:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8562:
8561:
8560:
8558:National Parks
8550:
8549:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8518:
8513:
8511:Extreme points
8508:
8503:
8502:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8450:
8444:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8389:
8387:
8383:
8382:
8380:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8368:
8367:
8362:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8306:
8305:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8269:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8198:Federalist Era
8195:
8194:
8193:
8191:Bill of Rights
8188:
8178:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8166:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8149:
8139:
8134:
8132:Lee Resolution
8129:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8082:
8076:
8074:
8070:
8069:
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8066:
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8051:
8046:
8041:
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8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8010:
8008:
8001:
7995:
7994:
7992: articles
7986:
7985:
7978:
7971:
7963:
7954:
7953:
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7925:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7861:Constitutional
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7827:
7825:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
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7779:
7778:
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7769:
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7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7725:
7720:
7714:
7712:
7710:Federal courts
7703:
7695:
7694:
7687:
7685:
7683:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7651:
7649:
7638:
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7630:
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7622:
7615:
7607:
7598:
7597:
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7565:
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7554:
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6333:
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6320:
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6314:
6309:
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6299:
6294:
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6279:
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6264:
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6258:
6253:
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6233:
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6096:
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6041:
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6028:
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6015:
6010:
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6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5957:
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5954:
5949:
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5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5881:
5879:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
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5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
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5752:
5747:
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5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5709:
5707:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
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5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5612:
5610:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5573:Judges of the
5570:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5547:
5538:
5537:
5521:American Samoa
5519:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5471:
5470:Extinct courts
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5461:Virgin Islands
5458:
5453:
5447:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5383:
5372:
5361:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5321:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5273:Pennsylvania (
5271:
5266:
5251:
5240:
5235:
5220:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5189:New Hampshire
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5160:
5149:
5144:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5103:
5092:
5087:
5076:
5065:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5025:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4971:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4934:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4749:
4735:
4734:External links
4732:
4729:
4728:
4714:
4691:
4672:"GAO-08-1124T"
4663:
4637:
4619:
4593:
4586:28 U.S.C.
4578:
4571:28 U.S.C.
4563:
4556:28 U.S.C.
4548:
4520:
4508:
4486:
4477:Google Scholar
4464:
4446:
4423:
4414:Google Scholar
4401:
4388:
4365:
4342:
4330:
4302:
4286:
4274:
4249:
4225:
4203:
4175:
4159:48 U.S.C.
4151:28 U.S.C.
4141:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4118:
4101:
4084:
4063:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4035:
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4022:
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3978:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3962:
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3952:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3913:8th, 1912–1929
3911:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3898:8th, 1907–1929
3896:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3883:8th, 1896–1929
3881:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3868:8th, 1890–1929
3866:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3788:8th, 1876–1929
3786:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3734:8th, 1866–1929
3732:9th, 1863–1866
3730:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3702:9th, 1863–1866
3700:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3683:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3670:8th, 1863–1866
3668:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3655:9th, 1863–1866
3653:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3640:6th, 1863–1866
3638:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3625:5th, 1863–1981
3623:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3610:8th, 1863–1866
3608:7th, 1837–1863
3606:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3589:9th, 1837–1851
3587:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3574:9th, 1863–1866
3572:8th, 1837–1863
3570:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3557:5th, 1842–1981
3555:9th, 1837–1842
3553:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3540:8th, 1863–1866
3538:7th, 1837–1863
3536:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3523:9th, 1837–1863
3521:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3495:6th, 1863–1866
3493:5th, 1842–1863
3489:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3476:7th, 1807–1866
3474:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3448:8th, 1837–1863
3446:7th, 1807–1837
3444:6th, 1801–1802
3442:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3414:5th, 1863–1981
3412:6th, 1802–1863
3410:5th, 1801–1802
3406:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3393:5th, 1863–1866
3391:6th, 1802–1863
3389:5th, 1801–1802
3385:
3382:
3380:South Carolina
3376:
3375:
3372:6th, 1842–1863
3370:5th, 1801–1842
3366:
3363:
3361:North Carolina
3357:
3356:
3353:8th, 1837–1863
3351:7th, 1807–1837
3349:6th, 1801–1802
3347:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3334:5th, 1802–1842
3332:4th, 1801–1802
3328:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3300:4th, 1802–1866
3298:3rd, 1801–1802
3294:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3206:1st, 1801–1820
3202:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3102:American Samoa
3092:
3084:28 U.S.C.
3075:
3067:28 U.S.C.
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2587:
2563:
2547:
2538:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2126:Eighth Circuit
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1898:Fourth Circuit
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1810:Second Circuit
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1751:
1748:
1730:Main article:
1727:
1724:
1715:
1712:
1702:
1699:
1694:split decision
1530:oral arguments
1512:
1509:
1485:28 U.S.C.
1477:28 U.S.C.
1411:federal judges
1399:28 U.S.C.
1395:179 judgeships
1380:Washington, DC
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1293:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1260:European Union
1257:
1255:United Kingdom
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1149:Antony Blinken
1141:
1140:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:Superior Court
1115:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:Libertarianism
982:
977:
972:
967:
960:
959:
958:
957:
952:
942:
941:
940:
938:Traditionalist
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
904:
899:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
883:
882:
881:
880:
875:
863:
862:
857:
851:
846:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
826:
825:
816:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
793:American Samoa
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
738:South Carolina
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
703:North Carolina
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
538:
537:
530:
529:
528:
527:
517:
512:
507:
500:
499:
493:
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
470:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
434:
428:
427:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
374:
373:
364:
363:
355:
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
336:
331:
324:
323:
317:
316:
308:
307:
300:
299:
291:
290:
283:
282:
274:
269:
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264:
261:
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239:
238:
228:
227:
217:
216:
207:
206:
200:
199:
188:
187:
177:
176:
166:
165:
155:
154:
133:
132:
124:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
94:
93:
85:
80:
79:
76:
75:
65:
64:
54:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10695:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10665:
10663:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10634:
10630:
10627:
10623:
10622:
10618:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10587:
10584:
10583:
10582:
10579:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10522:Energy policy
10520:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10477:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10464:
10463:incarceration
10461:
10460:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10450:
10448:
10444:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10372:
10371:
10368:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10348:Prenatal care
10346:
10344:
10343:Birth control
10341:
10339:
10336:
10335:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10321:
10317:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10280:Homeownership
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10257:
10255:
10253:
10249:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
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10190:
10188:
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10168:
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10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
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10111:
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10106:
10104:
10101:
10097:
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10083:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
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10064:
10060:
10057:
10056:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10043:
10040:
10039:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10012:
10011:
10008:
10004:
10003:working class
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9963:homeownership
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9906:
9902:
9898:
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9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
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9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
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9845:
9843:
9841:
9837:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
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9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9743:Manufacturing
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9710:
9709:
9706:
9705:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9693:
9679:
9676:
9672:
9671:Third parties
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9658:
9657:
9654:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
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9630:
9627:
9623:
9620:
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9615:
9611:
9608:
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9602:
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9537:
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9486:
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9480:
9476:
9470:
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9462:
9460:
9457:
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9413:
9409:
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9401:
9399:
9396:
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9389:
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9381:
9377:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
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9354:
9352:
9349:
9348:
9346:
9344:
9340:
9332:
9329:
9328:
9327:
9324:
9320:
9317:
9316:
9315:
9312:
9311:
9309:
9307:
9303:
9297:
9294:
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9289:
9288:
9286:
9284:
9280:
9272:
9269:
9268:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
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9242:
9239:
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9234:
9232:
9229:
9225:
9222:
9221:
9220:
9217:
9213:
9210:
9209:
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9196:
9193:
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9185:
9180:
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9166:
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9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
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9121:
9120:
9119:
9116:
9115:
9113:
9111:
9107:
9101:
9098:
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9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9075:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9062:
9059:
9058:
9057:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9049:
9045:
9039:
9038:U.S. attorney
9036:
9034:
9031:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9013:
9010:
9006:
9003:
9002:
9001:
8998:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8983:Chief Justice
8981:
8980:
8979:
8978:Supreme Court
8976:
8975:
8973:
8971:
8967:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8920:
8919:
8916:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8894:
8890:
8884:
8883:Public policy
8881:
8879:
8878:Civil service
8876:
8874:
8871:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8823:
8822:
8819:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8759:
8758:
8755:
8754:
8752:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8726:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8699:
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8691:
8689:
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8684:
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8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
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8661:
8660:
8659:
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8648:
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8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8566:
8563:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8546:Sierra Nevada
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8484:insular zones
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8456:
8455:
8452:
8451:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8439:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8384:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8355:War on Terror
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8335:LGBT Movement
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
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8184:
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8145:
8144:
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8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
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8091:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7996:
7991:
7990:United States
7984:
7979:
7977:
7972:
7970:
7965:
7964:
7961:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
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7929:
7926:
7923:
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7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
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7891:
7887:
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7883:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7841:Child custody
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7822:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7784:
7774:
7773:State supreme
7771:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7762:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7734:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7701:United States
7699:Courts of the
7696:
7691:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
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7653:
7652:
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7648:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7628:
7623:
7621:
7616:
7614:
7609:
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7500:
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6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
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6759:
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6683:
6680:
6678:
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6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6520:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5952:1 seat vacant
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5568:
5563:
5561:
5556:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5304:South Dakota
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:Rhode Island
5292:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5239:
5238:North Dakota
5236:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:Mississippi (
5150:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5131:Massachusetts
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4802:
4797:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4717:
4715:9780190634940
4711:
4707:
4706:
4698:
4696:
4680:
4673:
4667:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4630:
4623:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4575:§ 332(g)
4572:
4567:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4537:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4517:
4512:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4398:
4392:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4323:September 10,
4319:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4271:
4264:September 12,
4259:
4253:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4157:, along with
4156:
4152:
4146:
4142:
4128:
4122:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4060:
4056:
4055:Massachusetts
4052:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3742:West Virginia
3740:
3739:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Massachusetts
3180:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:New Hampshire
3165:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3133:Supreme Court
3130:
3126:
3122:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2966:11th Circuit
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2936:10th Circuit
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2636:D.C. Circuit
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2591:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2542:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2281:Tenth Circuit
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:San Francisco
2192:
2191:
2190:Ninth Circuit
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2018:Sixth Circuit
2014:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1957:Fifth Circuit
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1854:Third Circuit
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:New York City
1812:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1771:First Circuit
1767:
1766:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1711:
1708:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1684:ex post facto
1679:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:Chief Justice
1571:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1473:U.S. Congress
1470:
1469:Ninth Circuit
1466:
1465:First Circuit
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1423:senior judges
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:. Like other
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:Latin America
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
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1033:
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1028:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
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1008:
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1005:Republicanism
1003:
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1000:Protectionism
998:
996:
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991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
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968:
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955:Progressivism
953:
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868:Third parties
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683:New Hampshire
681:
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643:Massachusetts
641:
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368:Chief Justice
366:
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304:Kamala Harris
302:
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258:
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246:Chuck Schumer
244:
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224:Kamala Harris
222:
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210:
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197:
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173:Steve Scalise
171:
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62:United States
56:
55:
52:
49:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
10564:Human rights
10544:Gun politics
10495:Islamophobia
10485:antisemitism
10353:Hospice care
10295:Middle class
10275:Homelessness
10252:Social class
10212:Social class
10076:Human rights
10066:Homelessness
9978:middle class
9943:Demographics
9918:Architecture
9825:Unemployment
9805:Labor unions
9553:Town meeting
9530:City council
9525:City manager
9266:State police
9128:Marine Corps
9118:Armed Forces
9093:civil rights
9073:Constitution
8999:
8645:Southwestern
8640:Southeastern
8630:Northwestern
8625:Northeastern
8590:Mid-Atlantic
8580:Great Plains
8298:World War II
8181:Constitution
8085:Colonial era
8064:2008–present
7903:Human rights
7824:Types of law
7765:State courts
7722:
7665:Civil rights
7484:
7367:
7353:D.C. Circuit
7225:
7211:11th Circuit
7073:
7059:10th Circuit
6776:
6654:
6537:
6459:Suhrheinrich
6345:
6287:Higginbotham
6178:
6046:
5951:
5884:
5712:
5615:
5592:chief judges
5587:
5574:
5363:Washington (
5289:Puerto Rico
4973:California (
4851:
4823:
4719:. Retrieved
4704:
4682:. Retrieved
4678:
4666:
4654:. Retrieved
4650:
4640:
4622:
4610:. Retrieved
4606:
4596:
4581:
4566:
4551:
4535:
4515:
4511:
4498:
4489:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4430:
4426:
4413:
4404:
4391:
4372:
4368:
4349:
4345:
4333:
4321:. Retrieved
4317:
4309:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4277:
4269:
4262:. Retrieved
4252:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4206:
4196:February 10,
4194:. Retrieved
4188:
4178:
4145:
4121:
4104:
4087:
4066:
4045:
3915:10th, 1929–
3900:10th, 1929–
3885:10th, 1929–
3870:10th, 1929–
3809:South Dakota
3796:North Dakota
3790:10th, 1929–
3736:10th, 1929–
3627:11th, 1981–
3559:11th, 1981–
3416:11th, 1981–
3274:Pennsylvania
3214:Rhode Island
3138:
3118:
3105:
3095:
3078:
3061:
2906:9th Circuit
2876:8th Circuit
2846:7th Circuit
2816:6th Circuit
2786:5th Circuit
2756:4th Circuit
2726:3rd Circuit
2696:2nd Circuit
2666:1st Circuit
2605:
2590:
2541:
2503:
2416:
2415:
2392:
2391:
2333:
2332:
2279:
2278:
2188:
2187:
2124:
2123:
2075:
2074:
2016:
2015:
1955:
1954:
1896:
1895:
1859:Philadelphia
1852:
1851:
1808:
1807:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1735:
1717:
1714:Nomenclature
1704:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1595:
1581:
1563:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1514:
1500:trial courts
1493:
1462:
1447:
1433:
1427:
1405:pursuant to
1392:
1388:
1378:covers only
1343:
1341:
1098:
1074:Legislatures
1054:
965:Abolitionism
908:Conservatism
830:
820:
743:South Dakota
733:Rhode Island
728:Pennsylvania
708:North Dakota
534:
496:
474:
431:
422:
371:John Roberts
358:
311:
294:
277:
235:Patty Murray
211:
162:Mike Johnson
149:
134:
127:
88:
50:
36:
10569:Immigration
10500:LGBT rights
10402:Food safety
10237:Video games
9830:Wall Street
9810:Public debt
9713:Agriculture
9649:nationalism
9361:Uniform act
9283:Legislative
9190:Territorial
9148:Coast Guard
9143:Space Force
8893:Legislative
8688:Red (South)
8678:Mississippi
8600:New England
8536:Appalachian
8506:Earthquakes
8403:Discoveries
8398:Demographic
8340:Vietnam War
8283:World War I
8278:Imperialism
8228:Indian Wars
8203:War of 1812
7815:Reading law
7647:legislation
6955:O'Scannlain
6762:9th Circuit
6640:8th Circuit
6545:Easterbrook
6523:7th Circuit
6331:6th Circuit
6164:5th Circuit
6099:Quattlebaum
6032:4th Circuit
5870:3rd Circuit
5698:2nd Circuit
5601:1st Circuit
5586:· Names in
5385:Wisconsin (
5308:Tennessee (
5203:New York (
5199:New Mexico
5194:New Jersey
5105:Louisiana (
4998:Connecticut
4721:January 16,
4679:www.gao.gov
4612:January 21,
4444: (2004)
4386: (2005)
4363: (1974)
4163:§ 1821
3980:1st, 1966–
3973:Puerto Rico
3967:9th, 1959–
3954:9th, 1959–
3928:9th, 1912–
3855:9th, 1890–
3842:9th, 1889–
3829:9th, 1889–
3816:8th, 1889–
3803:8th, 1889–
3775:8th, 1867–
3762:9th, 1866–
3749:4th, 1863–
3719:9th, 1866–
3704:8th, 1866–
3689:9th, 1866–
3672:7th, 1866–
3657:8th, 1866–
3642:5th, 1866–
3612:6th, 1866–
3595:8th, 1866–
3576:8th, 1866–
3542:7th, 1866–
3525:5th, 1863–
3516:Mississippi
3510:7th, 1837–
3497:5th, 1866–
3478:6th, 1866–
3450:6th, 1863–
3431:2nd, 1801–
3395:4th, 1866–
3374:4th, 1863–
3355:6th, 1863–
3336:4th, 1842–
3317:4th, 1801–
3302:3rd, 1866–
3283:3rd, 1801–
3268:3rd, 1801–
3253:2nd, 1801–
3238:2nd, 1801–
3229:Connecticut
3223:1st, 1801–
3208:1st, 1820–
3191:1st, 1801–
3176:1st, 1801–
3071:§ 1295
3034:335,023,466
2625:Population
1962:New Orleans
1270:Arab League
1184:Visa policy
1060:Territorial
873:Libertarian
808:Puerto Rico
658:Mississippi
573:Connecticut
121:Legislature
10662:Categories
10603:Xenophobia
10392:Disability
10333:Healthcare
10242:Visual art
10187:Philosophy
10133:television
10123:newspapers
10113:journalism
10103:Literature
10015:attainment
9666:Republican
9661:Democratic
9634:Ideologies
9595:Corruption
9160:NOAA Corps
9083:preemption
9078:federalism
8693:Rio Grande
8595:Midwestern
8575:West Coast
8570:East Coast
8413:Inventions
8325:Space Race
8320:Korean War
8303:home front
8238:Gilded Age
7795:Law school
7740:Bankruptcy
7655:Federalism
7537:Cunningham
7369:Srinivasan
6469:Batchelder
6418:Bloomekatz
6393:Nalbandian
6241:Engelhardt
6094:Richardson
5714:Livingston
5633:Montecalvo
5352:Virginia (
5253:Oklahoma (
5162:Missouri (
5135:Michigan (
5094:Kentucky (
5052:Illinois (
4962:Arkansas (
4607:Census.gov
4560:§ 332
4137:References
3906:New Mexico
3835:Washington
3678:California
3259:New Jersey
2980:37,274,374
2950:18,636,936
2920:67,050,034
2890:21,690,565
2860:25,491,754
2830:33,293,455
2800:36,764,541
2770:32,160,146
2740:23,368,788
2710:24,450,270
2680:14,153,058
2557:These are
2527:article IV
2525:These are
2423:Washington
2399:Washington
2023:Cincinnati
1672:precedents
1641:bankruptcy
1454:LexisNexis
1393:There are
1062:government
1048:Federalism
990:Monarchism
945:Liberalism
860:Republican
855:Democratic
773:Washington
693:New Mexico
688:New Jersey
563:California
10586:Terrorism
10363:Rationing
10260:Affluence
10207:Sexuality
10175:Uncle Sam
10081:Languages
10010:Education
9953:affluence
9913:Americana
9840:Transport
9738:Insurance
9728:Companies
9708:By sector
9600:Elections
9241:Treasurer
9199:Executive
9138:Air Force
9110:Uniformed
8933:President
8750:Executive
8521:Mountains
8454:Territory
8442:Geography
8266:1954–1968
8261:1896–1954
8256:1865–1896
8218:Civil War
8059:1991–2008
8054:1980–1991
8049:1964–1980
8044:1945–1964
8039:1917–1945
8034:1865–1917
8029:1849–1865
8024:1815–1849
8019:1789–1815
8014:1776–1789
8007:By period
7886:Procedure
7876:Corporate
7787:Education
7568:Clevenger
7375:Henderson
7339:J. Carnes
7324:E. Carnes
7309:Edmondson
7243:Rosenbaum
7096:Bacharach
7086:Tymkovich
6990:Silverman
6985:S. Thomas
6970:Kleinfeld
6965:Fernandez
6945:D. Nelson
6940:Schroeder
6914:Johnstone
6899:H. Thomas
6839:R. Nelson
6829:Friedland
6794:Rawlinson
6590:Maldonado
6474:Daughtrey
6368:Kethledge
6307:Barksdale
6221:Higginson
6206:Southwick
6054:Wilkinson
5968:Stapleton
5816:Calabresi
5584:Full list
5147:Minnesota
5067:Indiana (
5027:Georgia (
5012:Florida (
4937:Alabama (
4155:§ 41
4093:Northwest
3695:Minnesota
3663:Wisconsin
3484:Louisiana
3437:Tennessee
3127:in which
3088:§ 42
3045:1,871,639
2990:3,106,198
2960:1,553,078
2930:2,312,070
2900:1,971,870
2880:Kavanaugh
2870:2,317,432
2840:2,080,841
2820:Kavanaugh
2810:2,162,620
2780:2,144,010
2750:1,669,199
2720:1,880,790
2700:Sotomayor
2690:2,358,843
2606:Based on
2559:article I
2131:St. Louis
1701:Attorneys
1511:Procedure
1489:§ 48
1481:§ 44
1403:§ 43
1370:from the
1358:and some
1174:Passports
1069:Governors
1015:Anarchism
1010:Socialism
783:Wisconsin
748:Tennessee
653:Minnesota
628:Louisiana
490:Elections
405:Kavanaugh
388:Sotomayor
352:Judiciary
287:Joe Biden
271:Executive
221:President
10642:Category
10338:Abortion
10202:Religion
10160:Columbia
10118:internet
10054:Holidays
10049:Folklore
10020:literacy
9958:eviction
9848:Aviation
9820:Taxation
9775:Currency
9768:by state
9678:Scandals
9548:Township
9306:Judicial
9207:Governor
8970:Judicial
8856:Marshals
8729:Politics
8683:Missouri
8673:Columbia
8668:Colorado
8663:Arkansas
8656:Longest
8635:Southern
8620:Northern
8464:counties
8418:Military
8408:Economic
8386:By topic
8365:Iraq War
8315:Cold War
8073:By event
7908:Juvenile
7881:Criminal
7871:Property
7866:Contract
7831:Abortion
7728:District
7451:Randolph
7446:Sentelle
7441:Ginsburg
7304:Anderson
7248:J. Pryor
7227:W. Pryor
7157:Anderson
7152:Porfilio
7131:Federico
7101:Phillips
7091:Matheson
7040:N. Smith
7005:Fletcher
6814:Christen
6804:M. Smith
6799:Callahan
6692:Erickson
6682:Shepherd
6672:Gruender
6656:Colloton
6626:Hamilton
6504:McKeague
6114:Benjamin
6059:Niemeyer
5912:Restrepo
5897:Hardiman
5886:Chagares
5821:Cabranes
5755:Robinson
5725:Sullivan
5684:Thompson
5659:Campbell
5638:Rikelman
5179:Nebraska
5126:Maryland
5003:Delaware
4993:Colorado
4743:Archived
4684:March 2,
4656:March 2,
4503:Archived
4481:Archived
4459:Casetext
4418:Archived
4310:See e.g.
4080:Kentucky
4076:Virginia
4074:divided
4053:divided
3987:See also
3891:Oklahoma
3781:Colorado
3768:Nebraska
3601:Michigan
3582:Arkansas
3565:Missouri
3531:Illinois
3342:Kentucky
3323:Virginia
3308:Maryland
3289:Delaware
3244:New York
2616:Circuit
1903:Richmond
995:Populism
980:Feminism
768:Virginia
718:Oklahoma
698:New York
673:Nebraska
663:Missouri
648:Michigan
638:Maryland
623:Kentucky
603:Illinois
578:Delaware
568:Colorado
558:Arkansas
103:Taxation
10626:Outline
10574:illegal
10559:Smoking
10422:Obesity
10305:Poverty
10227:Theater
10217:Society
10071:Housing
10032:Fashion
9988:poverty
9933:Cuisine
9905:Culture
9892:Society
9853:Driving
9780:Exports
9758:Tourism
9718:Banking
9696:Economy
9656:Parties
9500:Charter
9464:Sheriff
8911:Speaker
8779:Cabinet
8742:Federal
8650:Western
8615:Eastern
8610:Central
8605:Pacific
8565:Regions
8516:Islands
7999:History
7918:Privacy
7913:Martial
7723:Appeals
7718:Supreme
7588:Wallach
7517:Taranto
7436:Edwards
7390:Wilkins
7385:Pillard
7380:Millett
7299:Tjoflat
7278:Brasher
7197:O'Brien
7182:Briscoe
7162:Baldock
7147:Seymour
7126:Rossman
7045:Hurwitz
7025:Clifton
7020:Tallman
7000:McKeown
6980:Tashima
6975:Hawkins
6935:Wallace
6919:de Alba
6904:Mendoza
6894:Sanchez
6879:VanDyke
6874:Bumatay
6869:Forrest
6854:Collins
6834:Bennett
6784:Wardlaw
6778:Murguia
6728:Wollman
6560:St. Eve
6555:Scudder
6550:Brennan
6489:Gibbons
6398:Readler
6373:Stranch
6363:Griffin
6317:Clement
6261:Ramirez
6256:Douglas
6226:Willett
6196:Stewart
6180:Richman
6140:Traxler
6109:Heytens
6104:Rushing
6084:Thacker
6069:Gregory
6008:Fuentes
5998:Rendell
5983:Nygaard
5973:Scirica
5937:Freeman
5902:Shwartz
5770:Merriam
5745:Menashi
5740:Nardini
5623:Kayatta
5397:Wyoming
5348:Vermont
5323:Texas (
5174:Montana
4958:Arizona
4920:Federal
3921:Arizona
3861:Wyoming
3822:Montana
3618:Florida
3548:Alabama
3503:Indiana
3422:Vermont
3401:Georgia
3115:History
3000:Roberts
2940:Gorsuch
2850:Barrett
2760:Roberts
2670:Jackson
2650:689,545
2640:Roberts
2429:Courts
2340:Atlanta
2082:Chicago
1616:en banc
1561:cases.
1559:en banc
1551:en banc
1547:en banc
1542:en banc
1458:Westlaw
1432:in the
1368:appeals
1350:of the
913:history
788:Wyoming
763:Vermont
668:Montana
608:Indiana
588:Georgia
583:Florida
553:Arizona
543:Alabama
415:Jackson
410:Barrett
400:Gorsuch
329:Cabinet
159:Speaker
10647:Portal
10554:Hunger
10505:racism
10446:Issues
10320:Health
10222:Sports
10182:People
10027:Family
9998:wealth
9923:Cinema
9748:Mining
9733:Energy
9478:Cities
9446:County
9380:Tribal
8918:Senate
8762:powers
8658:rivers
8531:ranges
8499:states
8423:Postal
7933:Sports
7893:Energy
7805:US bar
7745:Claims
7578:Bryson
7573:Schall
7563:Plager
7551:Senior
7527:Hughes
7497:Lourie
7492:Newman
7478:Active
7456:Rogers
7429:Senior
7420:Garcia
7410:Childs
7405:Walker
7395:Katsas
7361:Active
7334:Marcus
7314:Dubina
7292:Senior
7258:Branch
7253:Newsom
7238:Jordan
7233:Wilson
7219:Active
7192:Murphy
7187:Lucero
7167:Brorby
7140:Senior
7121:Carson
7111:Moritz
7106:McHugh
7075:Holmes
7067:Active
7015:Berzon
6995:Graber
6928:Senior
6844:Miller
6819:Nguyen
6770:Active
6748:Melloy
6743:Arnold
6738:Hansen
6723:Bowman
6716:Senior
6677:Benton
6648:Active
6621:Rovner
6616:Ripple
6599:Senior
6565:Kirsch
6531:Active
6494:Rogers
6484:Gilman
6454:Norris
6432:Senior
6413:Mathis
6403:Murphy
6388:Larsen
6378:Thapar
6347:Sutton
6339:Active
6312:Dennis
6302:Wiener
6270:Senior
6251:Wilson
6246:Oldham
6236:Duncan
6216:Graves
6211:Haynes
6172:Active
6145:Keenan
6128:Senior
6119:Berner
6089:Harris
6040:Active
6018:Fisher
5961:Senior
5932:Phipps
5922:Porter
5907:Krause
5892:Jordan
5878:Active
5856:Carney
5841:Wesley
5831:Parker
5806:Jacobs
5801:Walker
5796:Kearse
5791:Newman
5784:Senior
5765:Nathan
5730:Bianco
5720:Lohier
5706:Active
5679:Howard
5652:Senior
5643:Aframe
5617:Barron
5609:Active
5529:Hawaii
5269:Oregon
5242:Ohio (
5184:Nevada
5090:Kansas
5078:Iowa (
5043:Hawaii
4953:Alaska
4712:
4588:
4573:
4558:
4161:
4153:
3960:Hawaii
3947:Alaska
3755:Nevada
3725:Kansas
3710:Oregon
3086:
3069:
3020:Total
2985:11.13%
2970:Thomas
2925:20.01%
2805:10.97%
2660:62,685
2286:Denver
1776:Boston
1663:, and
1657:Eighth
1526:briefs
1517:trials
1487:
1479:
1401:
1382:. The
1250:Canada
1230:Russia
1084:Courts
950:Modern
933:Social
928:Paleo-
723:Oregon
678:Nevada
618:Kansas
593:Hawaii
548:Alaska
378:Thomas
213:Senate
108:Policy
10633:Index
10458:Crime
10328:Aging
10145:Names
10140:Music
10128:radio
10108:Media
9938:Dance
9928:Crime
9763:Trade
9520:Mayor
9469:Clerk
9437:Local
9179:State
8698:Yukon
8541:Rocky
8526:peaks
7948:Trust
7938:State
7922:State
7558:Mayer
7542:Stark
7532:Stoll
7512:Reyna
7507:Prost
7486:Moore
7319:Black
7283:Abudu
7273:Lagoa
7263:Grant
7177:Kelly
7081:Hartz
7030:Bybee
6960:Trott
6950:Canby
6909:Desai
6864:Bress
6824:Owens
6809:Ikuta
6789:Gould
6707:Kobes
6702:Stras
6697:Grasz
6687:Kelly
6667:Smith
6662:Loken
6611:Flaum
6606:Bauer
6585:Kolar
6580:Pryor
6539:Sykes
6509:White
6464:Siler
6449:Boggs
6408:Davis
6353:Moore
6292:Davis
6282:Jolly
6201:Elrod
6191:Smith
6186:Jones
6150:Floyd
6013:Smith
6003:Ambro
5993:McKee
5978:Cowen
5947:Chung
5927:Matey
5917:Bibas
5846:Lynch
5836:Raggi
5811:Leval
5760:Pérez
5674:Lipez
5669:Lynch
5664:Selya
5628:Gelpí
5531:, or
5121:Maine
5048:Idaho
4675:(PDF)
4632:(PDF)
4540:(PDF)
4437:
4379:
4356:
4059:Maine
3977:1966
3964:1959
3951:1959
3938:1948
3925:1912
3910:1912
3895:1907
3880:1896
3865:1890
3852:1890
3848:Idaho
3839:1889
3826:1889
3813:1889
3800:1889
3785:1876
3772:1867
3759:1864
3746:1863
3729:1861
3714:1859
3699:1858
3682:1850
3667:1848
3652:1846
3637:1845
3633:Texas
3622:1845
3605:1837
3586:1836
3569:1821
3552:1819
3535:1818
3520:1817
3507:1816
3488:1812
3473:1803
3441:1796
3426:1791
3405:1789
3384:1789
3365:1790
3346:1789
3327:1789
3312:1789
3293:1789
3278:1789
3263:1789
3248:1789
3233:1789
3218:1790
3201:1789
3197:Maine
3186:1789
3171:1789
3155:State
3053:Notes
2955:5.56%
2910:Kagan
2895:6.47%
2865:7.60%
2835:9.94%
2790:Alito
2775:9.61%
2745:6.98%
2730:Alito
2715:7.30%
2685:4.23%
2655:0.21%
2508:Notes
1665:Tenth
1661:Ninth
1653:Sixth
1649:First
1440:Fifth
1245:Japan
1240:India
1235:China
1113:Mayor
1056:State
918:Black
878:Green
753:Texas
633:Maine
598:Idaho
393:Kagan
383:Alito
10197:Race
10042:list
10037:Flag
9576:list
9420:list
9331:list
9271:list
9224:list
9212:list
9188:and
9133:Navy
9123:Army
8993:list
8705:Time
8585:Gulf
7943:Tort
7928:Race
7733:list
7645:and
7583:Linn
7522:Chen
7329:Hull
7268:Luck
7172:Ebel
7010:Paez
6889:Sung
6849:Bade
6733:Beam
6499:Cook
6479:Cole
6444:Ryan
6423:Ritz
6383:Bush
6358:Clay
6297:Duhé
6277:King
6135:Motz
6079:Wynn
6074:Agee
6064:King
6048:Diaz
5988:Roth
5851:Chin
5826:Sack
5775:Kahn
5735:Park
5588:bold
5516:Note
5451:Guam
5343:Utah
4910:11th
4905:10th
4723:2022
4710:ISBN
4686:2023
4658:2023
4614:2022
4439:U.S.
4381:U.S.
4358:U.S.
4325:2020
4266:2021
4198:2024
4171:Guam
4095:and
4070:The
4049:The
3876:Utah
3648:Iowa
3469:Ohio
3456:Ohio
3119:The
3082:Per
3065:Per
3039:100%
3015:N/A
3012:N/A
3009:N/A
1442:and
1342:The
1212:NATO
1078:list
1058:and
923:Neo-
798:Guam
758:Utah
713:Ohio
613:Iowa
441:list
196:list
10096:ASL
9343:Law
9048:Law
8866:TSA
8851:ICE
8846:FBI
8841:DEA
8831:CBP
8826:ATF
8147:War
7898:Gun
7755:Tax
7502:Dyk
7415:Pan
7400:Rao
7116:Eid
7035:Bea
6884:Koh
6859:Lee
6575:Lee
6439:Guy
5750:Lee
4900:9th
4895:8th
4890:7th
4885:6th
4880:5th
4875:4th
4870:3rd
4865:2nd
4860:1st
4442:296
4435:542
4384:220
4377:543
4361:683
4354:418
3029:179
1686:law
1456:or
1217:G20
306:(D)
289:(D)
259:(R)
248:(D)
237:(D)
226:(D)
186:(D)
175:(R)
164:(R)
98:Law
10664::
6231:Ho
5527:,
5389:,
5378:,
5367:,
5356:,
5335:,
5331:,
5327:,
5316:,
5312:,
5281:,
5277:,
5261:,
5257:,
5246:,
5230:,
5226:,
5215:,
5211:,
5207:,
5166:,
5155:,
5139:,
5113:,
5109:,
5098:,
5082:,
5071:,
5060:,
5056:,
5035:,
5031:,
5020:,
5016:,
4985:,
4981:,
4977:,
4966:,
4945:,
4941:,
4915:DC
4694:^
4677:.
4649:.
4605:.
4542:,
4523:^
4501:.
4497:.
4479:.
4475:.
4457:.
4433:,
4416:.
4412:.
4375:,
4352:,
4316:.
4296:,
4268:.
4236:.
4218:.
4214:.
4187:.
3005:12
2975:12
2945:12
2915:29
2885:11
2855:11
2825:16
2795:17
2765:15
2735:14
2705:13
2645:11
2566:^
2550:^
2516:^
2425:)
2401:)
2342:)
2288:)
2197:)
2133:)
2084:)
2025:)
1964:)
1905:)
1861:)
1817:)
1778:)
1659:,
1655:,
1651:,
1632:.
1610:.
1604:,
1579:.
1507:.
1491:.
1222:G7
1202:P5
1159:/
1147::
9186:,
9181:,
9014:/
7982:e
7975:t
7968:v
7924:)
7920:(
7735:)
7731:(
7626:e
7619:t
7612:v
5594:.
5566:e
5559:t
5552:v
5535:.
5393:)
5391:W
5387:E
5382:)
5380:S
5376:N
5371:)
5369:W
5365:E
5360:)
5358:W
5354:E
5339:)
5337:W
5333:S
5329:N
5325:E
5320:)
5318:W
5314:M
5310:E
5285:)
5283:W
5279:M
5275:E
5265:)
5263:W
5259:N
5255:E
5250:)
5248:S
5244:N
5234:)
5232:W
5228:M
5224:E
5219:)
5217:W
5213:S
5209:N
5205:E
5170:)
5168:W
5164:E
5159:)
5157:S
5153:N
5143:)
5141:W
5137:E
5117:)
5115:W
5111:M
5107:E
5102:)
5100:W
5096:E
5086:)
5084:S
5080:N
5075:)
5073:S
5069:N
5064:)
5062:S
5058:N
5054:C
5039:)
5037:S
5033:N
5029:M
5024:)
5022:S
5018:N
5014:M
4989:)
4987:S
4983:N
4979:E
4975:C
4970:)
4968:W
4964:E
4949:)
4947:S
4943:N
4939:M
4800:e
4793:t
4786:v
4758:)
4754:(
4725:.
4688:.
4660:.
4634:.
4616:.
4461:.
4327:.
4246:.
4222:.
4200:.
4173:.
4116:.
4099:.
3043:~
3024:9
2675:6
2536:.
2421:(
2397:(
2338:(
2284:(
2193:(
2129:(
2080:(
2021:(
1960:(
1901:(
1857:(
1813:(
1774:(
1331:e
1324:t
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1080:)
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835:)
831:(
443:)
439:(
198:)
194:(
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20:)
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