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272:
674:
2194:
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in China in 1949. Burma accepted foreign assistance in rebuilding the country in these early years, but continued
American support for the Chinese Nationalist military presence in Burma finally resulted in the country rejecting most foreign aid, refusing to join the
1297:
1054:), the Revolutionary Burma Army (RBA) led by communist officers Bo Zeya, Bo Yan Aung and Bo Yè Htut (all three of them members of the Thirty Comrades), and the
2306:
1466:
1231:(URC), which consisted of senior military officers. Sao Shwe Thaik's son, Sao Mye Thaik, was shot dead in what was generally described as a "bloodless" coup.
1145:
Army hardliners now saw the 'threat' of the CPB coming to an agreement with U Nu through the NUF, and in the end U Nu "invited" Army Chief of Staff
General
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582:
62:
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81:
1005:
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88:
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By 1958, the country was largely beginning to recover economically, but was beginning to fall apart politically due to a split in the
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95:
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1673:
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states: "The official language of the Union shall be
Burmese, provided that the use of the English language may be permitted."
1087:
of 1955. Burma generally strove to be impartial in world affairs and was one of the first countries in the world to recognise
2321:
77:
2311:
1879:
1688:
1212:
movement insisting on the government honouring the right to secession in ten years provided for by the 1947 Constitution.
1798:
1683:
1663:
912:
1901:
1752:
1080:
128:
2326:
2010:
1446:
998:
906:
900:
874:
2005:
1244:
31:
197:
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1188:
successfully stabilised the situation and paved the way for new general elections in 1960 that returned U Nu's
66:
17:
1678:
1220:
542:
102:
1944:
1889:
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to take over the country. Over 400 "communist sympathisers" were arrested, of which 153 were deported to the
379:
2020:
1964:
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1643:
1618:
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567:
183:
2153:
2078:
1978:
1939:
1737:
1712:
1247:(BSPP) on 4 July 1962 to nominally separate the powers of the military from the government and to lead a
1228:
1130:
groups, but more significantly by the PVO surrendering their arms. The situation became very unstable in
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481:
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1934:
1823:
1803:
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948:
55:
1929:
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616:
203:
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1813:
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1055:
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1219:
of their feudal powers in exchange for comfortable pensions for life in 1959. He staged a
8:
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2030:
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2015:
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338:
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818:
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703:
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1204:(the first President of independent Burma 1948–1952) and aspiring to a "loose"
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with a large majority. The situation did not remain stable for long, when the
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1300:[1961 Act of the Third Amendment of the Constitution] (in Burmese).
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1949:
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262:
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insurgencies. Prominent insurgent groups during this period include the
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also disappeared mysteriously after being stopped at a checkpoint near
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1102:(AFPFL) into two factions, one led by Thakins Nu and Tin, the other by
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343:
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1023:
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1447:"Party-State Manqué: Ne Win and the Burma Socialist Programme Party"
44:
1850:
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1298:၁၉၆၁ခုနှစ် ဖွဲ့စည်းအုပ်ချုပ်ပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ (တတိယပြင်ဆင်ချက်) အက်ဥပဒေ
1240:
1223:, arrested U Nu, Sao Shwe Thaik and several others, and declared a
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349:
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1316:"၁၉၆၁ ခုနှစ်၊ နိုင်ငံတော်ဘာသာသာသနာချီးမြှောက်ထောက်ပံ့ရေးအက်ဥပဒေ"
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1142:(NUF), believed to have "crypto-communists" amongst them.
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1114:'s "Arms for Democracy" offer taken up by U Seinda in
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30:"Union of Burma" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1318:[1961 year, State Religion Promotion Act].
1215:Ne Win had already succeeded in stripping the Shan
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1529:
1430:(1st ed.). London and New Jersey: Zed Books.
163:
1320:Constitutional Tribunal of the Union, Law Library
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1427:Burma: Insurgency and the politics of ethnicity
2307:States and territories disestablished in 1962
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1110:. This was despite the unexpected success of
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1451:Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
2302:States and territories established in 1948
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129:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:State in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1962
1138:only with the support of the opposition
1018:The first fourteen years of independent
1046:, the People's Volunteer Organisation (
14:
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1388:from the original on 14 September 2020
1050:) led by Bo La Yaung (a member of the
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1368:
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1326:from the original on 25 October 2022
1100:Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League
67:adding citations to reliable sources
38:
1664:State Peace and Development Council
24:
1269:Constitution of the Union of Burma
1081:Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation
1072:an army of Kuomintang (KMT) forces
1070:were for many years controlled by
165:Pranyhtaungcu. Mranma Nuingngamtau
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2282:History of Myanmar (1948–present)
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1157:. Among them was the NUF leader
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1245:Burma Socialist Programme Party
78:"Union of Burma" 1948–1962
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32:Union of Burma (disambiguation)
2317:1962 disestablishments in Asia
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1445:Yoshihiro, Nakanishi (2003).
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1196:Federal Movement, started by
151:ပြည်ထောင်စုမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
2322:History of Myanmar by period
1873:State Administration Council
1619:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1382:"Myanmar Since Independence"
1283:
1243:. The URC later founded the
1034:(CPB, "white flags") led by
232:Sa.ma.ganam ta.pau: su.hkau:
7:
2312:1948 establishments in Asia
1674:2011–2015 political reforms
1229:Union Revolutionary Council
1221:coup d'état on 2 March 1962
1083:(SEATO) and supporting the
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236:"Happiness through harmony"
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1530:Myanmar is also known as
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1134:, with U Nu surviving a
1032:Communist Party of Burma
482:Chamber of Nationalities
448:• 1960–1962 (last)
406:• 1957–1962 (last)
2327:20th century in Myanmar
2169:Twelve Auspicious Rites
1950:Myanmar kyat (currency)
1181:were also closed down.
1040:Communist Party (Burma)
1022:were marred by several
857:British colonial period
289:Official languages
1424:Smith, Martin (1991).
1463:10.20495/tak.41.3_330
1140:National United Front
1042:("red flags") led by
831:Nyaungyan Restoration
758:Warring states period
684:Prehistory of Myanmar
2006:Environmental issues
1965:Units of measurement
1612:First Toungoo Empire
1186:caretaker government
1056:Karen National Union
875:Nationalist movement
839:Restored Hanthawaddy
825:First Toungoo Empire
801:1287–1539, 1550–1552
63:improve this article
2254: /
1644:Japanese occupation
1597:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1161:, older brother of
907:Ne Win dictatorship
881:Japanese occupation
869:Resistance movement
799:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
750:Early Pagan Kingdom
531:• Established
497:Chamber of Deputies
218:သမဂ္ဂါနံ တပေါ သုခေါ
2229:Outline of Myanmar
1945:Telecommunications
1861:commander-in-chief
1654:Socialist Republic
1602:Kingdom of Mrauk U
1336:တည်ဆဲဥပဒေဖြစ်ပါသည်
1136:no-confidence vote
1085:Bandung Conference
982:Myanmar portal
913:SLORC / SPDC junta
863:Anglo-Burmese Wars
811:Kingdom of Mrauk U
732:Arakanese kingdoms
700:Sri Ksetra Kingdom
666:History of Myanmar
2258:16.850°N 96.183°E
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2021:Human trafficking
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1972:
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1880:Political parties
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1304:. 26 August 1961.
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1208:, was seen as a
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954:Royal chronicles
944:List of capitals
901:AFPFL government
845:Konbaung dynasty
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1846:Law enforcement
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1753:Protected areas
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1607:Toungoo dynasty
1582:Sagaing Kingdom
1557:Pyu city-states
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1453:(in Japanese).
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1036:Thakin Than Tun
1020:Burma (Myanmar)
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819:Toungoo dynasty
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2287:1940s in Burma
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2263:16.850; 96.183
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1587:Kingdom of Ava
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1562:Thaton Kingdom
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1457:(3): 330–360.
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1409:, p. 330.
1407:Yoshihiro 2003
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1384:. Britannica.
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1068:northern Burma
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723:Thaton Kingdom
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686:11,000–200 BCE
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535:4 January 1948
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18:Union of Burma
9:
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1592:Prome Kingdom
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1577:Pinya Kingdom
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1567:Pagan Kingdom
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763:Upper Myanmar
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80: –
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74:Find sources:
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52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2239:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2041:Prostitution
1996:Demographics
1935:Central bank
1824:Human rights
1804:Constitution
1648:
1639:British rule
1531:
1471:. Retrieved
1454:
1450:
1426:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1376:
1335:
1328:. Retrieved
1319:
1310:
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1263:
1237:Sao Kya Seng
1214:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1167:
1151:Coco Islands
1144:
1097:
1065:
1047:
1017:
927:2021–present
713:Mon kingdoms
599:Succeeded by
598:
593:
561:Burmese kyat
548:2 March 1962
371:
353:
241:
214:Motto:
213:
125:
119:October 2014
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
2261: /
1930:Agriculture
1768:Earthquakes
1629:Shan States
1227:run by the
1198:Nyaung Shwe
1190:Union Party
1155:Andaman Sea
805:Shan States
594:Preceded by
491:Lower house
476:Upper house
463:Legislature
317:(majority;
2276:Categories
2139:Literature
2094:Censorship
2074:State Seal
1868:Parliament
1809:Corruption
1733:Ecoregions
1552:Prehistory
1437:0862328683
1369:Smith 1991
1279:References
1210:separatist
1206:federation
1132:parliament
1108:Kyaw Nyein
1074:after the
1048:Yèbaw Hpyu
1044:Thakin Soe
895:Modern era
859:1824–1948
821:1510–1752
765:1297–1555
339:Government
327:Demonym(s)
321:from 1961)
89:newspapers
2164:Tattooing
2124:Festivals
2119:Etymology
2026:Languages
2001:Education
1885:President
1814:Elections
1773:Volcanoes
1748:Mountains
1701:Geography
1689:Civil war
1679:2021 coup
1284:Citations
1267:The 1947
1184:Ne Win's
1168:Botataung
1159:Aung Than
1024:communist
925:SAC junta
921:2011–2015
915:1988–2010
909:1962–1988
903:1948–1962
883:1942–1945
877:1900–1948
871:1885–1895
865:1824–1885
847:1752–1885
841:1740–1757
833:1599–1752
827:1510–1599
813:1429–1785
807:1215–1563
793:1482–1542
787:1365–1555
781:1315–1365
775:1297–1365
769:Myinsaing
746:849–1297
734:788?–1406
568:Drives on
411:Win Maung
380:President
311:Religion
252:(Burmese)
247:ကမ္ဘာမကြေ
174:1948–1962
2249:096°11′E
2199:Category
2174:Weddings
2134:Folklore
2104:Clothing
2084:Calendar
2079:Capitals
2031:Religion
1851:Military
1841:Conflict
1787:Politics
1763:Wildlife
1684:Protests
1518:articles
1467:Archived
1392:19 March
1386:Archived
1330:25 March
1324:Archived
1241:Taunggyi
1163:Aung San
939:Timeline
752:849–1044
557:Currency
507:Cold War
372:de facto
368:republic
350:republic
315:Buddhism
2246:16°51′N
2211:Commons
2109:Cuisine
2056:Culture
1979:Society
1955:Tourism
1918:Economy
1738:Islands
1723:Climate
1713:Borders
1544:History
1514:Myanmar
1417:Sources
1235:Sawbwa
1217:Sawbwas
1200:Sawbwa
1153:in the
1122:, some
1062:History
1058:(KNU).
949:Leaders
655:Myanmar
541:•
518:•
489:•
474:•
359:Unitary
354:de jure
344:Federal
332:Burmese
305:English
293:Burmese
283:Rangoon
279:Capital
242:Anthem:
158:Burmese
103:scholar
2223:Portal
2099:Cinema
2089:Zodiac
2069:Anthem
2016:Health
1758:Rivers
1718:Cities
1516:
1473:2 June
1434:
1233:Thibaw
1174:Kyemon
1165:. The
1147:Ne Win
1118:, the
1116:Arakan
1104:Ba Swe
1089:Israel
1038:, the
1028:ethnic
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91:
84:
76:
2149:Music
2144:Media
2114:Dance
2036:Women
1991:Crime
1743:Lakes
1532:Burma
1255:Notes
1093:China
110:JSTOR
96:books
2129:Flag
1902:list
1890:list
1829:LGBT
1475:2022
1432:ISBN
1394:2020
1332:2022
1194:Shan
1177:and
1128:Shan
1126:and
1120:Pa'O
1112:U Nu
1106:and
1091:and
1026:and
771:and
572:left
453:U Nu
441:U Nu
225:Pali
204:Seal
190:Flag
82:news
2064:Art
1459:doi
1124:Mon
65:by
2278::
1465:.
1455:41
1449:.
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1322:.
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