1597:
1952:
1755:
1130:
1290:) to clean out a plugged drain. Since clean-out augers are limited in length, clean-outs should be placed in accessible locations at regular intervals throughout a drainage system (including outside the building). Minimum requirements are typically at the end of each branch in piping, just ahead of each water closet, at the base of each vertical stack and inside and outside the building in the main drain or sewer. Clean-outs usually have screw-on caps or screw-in plugs. They are also known as "rodding eyes", because of the eye-shaped cover plates often used on external versions.
569:
383:
1944:
1555:, but this protective coating eventually would dissolve away, exposing the iron to deterioration. Pipes used to convey fuel gas are often made of "black iron", which has been chemically treated to reduce corrosion, but this treatment does not resist erosion from flowing water. Despite its ruggedness, steel pipe is no longer preferred for conveying drinking water because corrosion can eventually cause leakage (especially at threaded joints), deposits on internal surfaces will eventually restrict flow, and corrosion will shed black or
1641:
47:
515:, which seal flange joints. Gaskets vary by construction, materials and features. Commonly used gaskets are non-metallic (ASME B 16.21), spiral-wound (ASME B 16.20) and ring-joint (ASME B 16.20). Non-metallic gaskets are used with flat- or raised-face flanges. Spiral-wound gaskets are used with raised-face flanges, and ring-joint gaskets are used with ring-type joint (RTJ) flanges. Stress develops between an RTJ gasket and the flange groove when the gasket is bolted to a flange, leading to plastic deformation of the gasket.
994:
671:
663:
2134:
793:
1098:
1685:
561:
39:
1178:
883:
31:
1897:
242:
1829:
859:
176:
1801:
2150:, but are heavier-duty and ideally are made completely of stainless steel (including the screw) to provide maximum service life. Optionally, the entire rubber sleeve may be jacketed with thin sheet metal, to provide extra stiffness, durability, and resistance to accidental penetration by a misplaced nail or screw. Although the fittings are not cheap, they are reasonably durable (the rubber is typically
1933:. The installed coupling housing encases the gasket and engages the grooves around the pipe to create a leakproof seal in a self-restrained pipe joint. There are two types of grooved coupling; a flexible coupling allows a limited amount of angular movement, and a rigid coupling does not allow movement and may be used where joint immobility is required (similar to a flange or welded joint).
2094:
1031:, have one inlet and three outlets (or vice versa), and often have a solvent-welded sockets or female-threaded ends. Cross fittings may stress pipes as temperatures change because they are at the center of four connection points. A tee is steadier than a cross; it behaves like a three-legged stool, and a cross behaves like a four-legged stool.
808:, or rotation (for threaded couplings), a union allows easy connection and disconnection multiple times if needed. It consists of three parts: a nut, a female, and a male end. When the female and male ends are joined, the nut seals the joint by pressing the two ends tightly together. Unions are a type of very compact flange connector.
1971:
fittings have the advantages of installation speed and safety. Pressing a stainless steel fitting can be completed within five seconds with the correct equipment. Primary pressing of fittings to pipes or other fittings is performed using electrically powered press equipment, but mechanically driven press equipment is also available.
1493:
122:, or any other liquid or gaseous substances required in domestic or commercial environments, within a system of pipes or tubes, connected by various methods, as dictated by the material of which these are made, the material being conveyed, and the particular environmental context in which they will be used, such as
1916:
The chief advantage of these connectors is that they can be installed after cutting the pipe to length in the field. This can save time and considerable expense compared to flange connections, which must be factory- or field-welded to pipe segments. However, mechanically fastened joints are sensitive
1785:
for sealing and a grip ring to hold the pipe. The main advantage is that it can easily be removed and re-used, it is easy to assemble, and the joints are still rotatable even after assembly. The pipe end should be square, so it sits against the stop in the fittings and does not create turbulence, and
1766:
Although compression connections are less durable than soldered (aka sweated) connections, they are easy to install with simple tools. However, they take longer to install than soldered joints and sometimes require re-tightening to stop slow leaks which may develop over time. Because of this possible
1001:
A tee combines or divides fluid flow. Tees can connect pipes of different diameters, change the direction of a pipe run, or both. Available in various materials, sizes and finishes, they may also be used to transport two-fluid mixtures. Tees may be equal or unequal in size of their three connections,
2124:
This labor-intensive technique was durable if appropriately done but required time, skill, and patience for each joint to be made up. Quicker and lower-cost methods, such as rubber sleeve joints, have replaced mainly leaded hub connections of cast-iron piping in most new installations, but the older
1396:
This fitting (also known as a "bungalow fitting" or a "cottage fitting") is a sanitary tee that allows two trap arms to be connected at the same level. A toilet is the main connection, with the option of a right or left-hand outlet to the 3" inlet with a choice of 1-1/2" or 2" in size. It is used to
1140:
Isolation valves temporarily disconnect part of a piping system to allow maintenance or repair, for example. Isolation valves are typically left in either a fully open or closed position. A given isolation valve may be in place for many years without being operated but must be designed to be readily
971:
A double-tapped bushing is more compact than a reducer but not as flexible. While a double-tapped bushing has a more minor female thread concentric to a larger male thread (and thus couples a smaller male end to a larger female), a reducer may have large and small ends of either gender. If both ends
1924:
A grooved fitting, also known as a grooved coupling, has four elements: grooved pipe, gasket, coupling housing, and nuts and bolts. The groove is made by cold-forming (or machining) a groove at the end of a pipe. A gasket encompassed by coupling housing is wrapped around the two pipe ends, with the
1762:
Compression fittings (sometimes called "lock-bush fittings") consist of a tapered, concave conical seat; a hollow, barrel-shaped compression ring (sometimes called a ferrule); and a compression nut which is threaded onto the body of the fitting and tightened to make a leakproof connection. They are
1581:
To ensure a comprehensive pressure test, it is crucial to explicitly request a 3.1 certificate in accordance with EN HFF 10204:2004. This certificate attests that the 'metallic products' meet the stipulated order requirements and provides detailed test results. Typically, each fitting is associated
1082:
is a short barbed fitting with a blank end that can only be used with PEX piping to end the continuation of a water line that is no longer in use due to tying in elsewhere within the system or to seal the end of a water line which may be used for future use in the case of additional facilities. All
2169:
If necessary, clamped joints can be disassembled later, and the fittings and pipe may be reconfigured. However, it is often not customary to re-use the clamps and rubber sleeves, which their previous installation may deform and may not seal well after rearranging. Clamped fittings may occasionally
1696:
of metals differs from soldering and brazing in that the joint is made without adding a lower-melting-point material (e.g. solder); instead, the pipe or tubing material is partially melted, and the fitting and piping are directly fused. This generally requires piping and fitting to be the same (or
1539:
systems due to its resistance to mechanical damage and high heat (including the threaded joints). Threaded steel pipe may still be used in high-security or exposed locations because it is more resistant to vandalism, more difficult to remove, and its scrap value is much lower than copper or brass.
1339:
A sanitary tee has a curved center section. In drainage systems, it is primarily used to connect horizontal drains (including fixture trap arms) to vertical drains. The center connection is generally to the pipe leading to a trap (the trap arm). It must not connect a vertical drain to a horizontal
1326:
A combination tee (combo tee, combo wye, tee-wye, long-sweep wye, or combi) is a tee with a gradually curving central connecting joint: a wye plus an additional 1/8 bend (45°), combined in one 90° unit. It is used in drains for a smooth, gradually curving path to reduce the likelihood of clogs, to
1197:
use fittings whose interior surfaces are as smooth as possible. The fittings may be "belled" (expanded slightly in diameter) or otherwise shaped to accommodate the insertion of pipe or tubing without forming a sharp interior ridge that might catch debris or accumulate material, and cause a clog or
1014:
systems to divert a portion of the flow from the main line into a side branch connected to a radiator or heat exchanger. The diverter tee allows the flow in the main line, even when the side branch is shut down and not calling for heat. Diverter tees must be heeded with directional markings; a tee
2141:
Cast iron DWV pipe and fittings are still used in premium construction because they muffle the sound of wastewater rushing through them, but today they are rarely joined with traditional lead joints. Instead, pipe and fittings with plain (non-belled) connections are butted against each other, and
1562:
These disadvantages are less problematic for fire sprinkler installations because standing water in the steel pipes does not flow, except during occasional tests or activation by a fire. Introducing oxygen dissolved in freshwater supplies will cause some corrosion, but this soon stops without any
2165:
An advantage of flexible rubber fittings is that they can accommodate small misalignments and can be flexed slightly for installation in tight locations. A flexible fitting may be preferred to connect a shower or heavy tub to the drainage system without transmitting slight movements or stresses,
1577:
Assembling threaded pipe is labor-intensive, and requires skill and planning to allow lengths of pipe to be screwed together in sequence. Most threaded-pipe systems require strategically located pipe-union fittings in final assembly. The threaded pipe is heavy and requires adequate attachment to
1461:
Fasteners join, or affix, two or more objects. Although they are usually used to attach pipe and fittings to mechanical supports in buildings, they do not connect the pipes. Fasteners commonly used with piping are a stud bolt with nuts (usually fully threaded, with two heavy, hexagonal nuts); a
1372:
Tee-wyes are similar to tees, except for angling the branch line to reduce friction and turbulence. They are commonly used to attach a vertical drainpipe to a horizontal one, reducing the deposition of entrained solids at the junction. Wyes and combo wyes follow a long-sweep pattern relative to
1144:
Throttling valves control the amount or pressure of a fluid allowed to pass through and are designed to withstand the stress and wear caused by this operation. Because they may wear out in this usage, they are often installed alongside isolation valves which can temporarily disconnect a failing
1887:
Flange connections tend to be expensive because they require the precision forming of metal. Factory-installed flanges must meet carefully measured dimensional specifications, and pipe segments cut to length on-site require skilled precision welding to attach flanges under more-difficult field
1812:
shaped connection instead. A specialized flaring tool is used to enlarge tubing into a 45º tapered bell shape matching the projecting shape of the flare fitting. The flare nut, which had previously been installed over the tubing, is then tightened over the fitting to force the tapered surfaces
1672:
Where many connections must be made in a short period (such as plumbing of a new building), soldering is quicker and less expensive joinery than compression or flare fittings. A degree of skill is needed to make several reliable soldered joints quickly. If flux residue is thoroughly cleaned,
1240:
Slip-joint fittings are frequently used in kitchen, bathroom and tub drainage systems. They include a detached (movable) slip nut and slip-joint washer; the washer is made of rubber or nylon. An advantage of this type of fitting is that the pipe it is connecting to does not need to be cut to a
1970:
Press fittings with either V and M profile (or contour) in stainless steel, carbon steel, and copper are trendy in Europe, and several manufacturers such as Viega, Geberit, Swiss
Fittings, and ISOTUBI, distribute proprietary systems of press fittings. Compared to other connection types, press
2161:
An alternative design also allows the selective use of belled fittings made entirely of flexible rubber, including more-complex shapes such as wyes or tee-wyes. They are secured to cast iron pipe segments by use of stainless steel worm drive clamps. Because these fittings are not as stiff as
1966:
The advantages of this method are durability, speed, neatness, and safety. The connection can be made even when the tubing is wet. Crimped fittings are suitable for drinking water pipes and other hot-and-cold systems (including central heating). They are more expensive than sweated fittings.
1423:. Their hydraulic fittings are designed and rated for much greater pressure than that experienced in general piping systems, and they are generally not compatible with those used in plumbing. Hydraulic fittings are designed and constructed to resist high-pressure leakage and sudden failure.
1198:
blockage. Freshly cut ends of pipe segments are carefully deburred to remove projecting slivers of material which may snag debris (such as hair or fibers) which can build up to cause blockages. This internal smoothness also makes it easier to "snake out" or "rod out" a clogged pipe with a
1912:
produce sleeve-clamp fittings, which replace many flange connections. They attach to the end of a pipe segment via circumferential grooves pressed (or cut) around the end of the pipe to be joined. They are widely used on larger steel pipes and can also be used with other materials.
1231:
are similar to DWV fittings but usually have thinner and lighter construction because the weight of the materials conveyed is less. Vacuum-system designs share with DWV designs the need to eliminate internal ridges, burrs, sharp turns, or other obstructions which might create clogs.
1860:
may be installed between the flanges to prevent leakage, it is sometimes possible to use only a special grease or nothing at all (if the mating surfaces are sufficiently precisely formed). Although flange fittings are bulky, they perform well in demanding applications such as large
763:
if their sizes differ. There are two types of collars: "regular" and "slip". A regular coupling has a small ridge or stops internally to prevent the over-insertion of a pipe and, thus, under-insertion of the other pipe segment (which would result in an unreliable connection).
1241:
precise length; the slip joint can attach within a range of the end of the inserting pipe. Many slip fittings may be tightened or loosened by hand for easier access to residential drainpipe systems (for example, to clean out a trap or access a drain line past a trap).
1397:
keep stack-vented fixtures high to the joist space and thus conserves the headroom in a basement. As the water closet must be the lowest fixture, the smaller side outlet (usually used to connect the bathtub trap arm) enters slightly above the larger connection.
551:
This section discusses fittings primarily used in pressurized piping systems, though there is some overlap with fittings for low-pressure or non-pressurized systems. Specialized fittings for the latter setups are discussed in the next major subsection.
157:
Fittings allow multiple pipes to be connected to cover longer distances, increase or decrease the size of the pipe or tube, or extend a network by branching, and make possible more complex systems than could be achieved with only individual pipes.
1974:
Press fittings of some major brands carry a plastic slip around the sleeves on each end of the fitting which falls off when the fitting has been compressed. This allows for a simple identification whether a press fitting has securely been installed.
1357:
This fitting differs from a standard cross in that two ports have curved inlets. Although it has been used in the past for connecting the drains of back-to-back fixtures (such as back-to-back sinks), some current codes—including the 2006
701:
of a long-radius (LR) elbow is 1.5 times the pipe diameter, but a short-radius (SR) elbow has a radius equal to the pipe diameter. Wide available short elbows are typically used in pressurized systems and physically tight locations.
1348:
Also called a tee with a diverter baffle, a waste tee or an end-outlet tee, it typically connects waste lines before they enter the trap and has a baffle to keep water from one waste pipe from entering the other at the connection.
1616:
or other plastic piping to partially dissolve and fuse the adjacent surfaces of piping and fitting. Solvent welding is usually used with a sleeve-type joint to connect pipe and fittings made of the same (or compatible) material.
1277:
is attached) is a specialized flange designed to be flush with the floor, allowing a toilet to be installed above it. The flange must be mechanically strong to accommodate slight misalignments or movements and resist corrosion.
967:
on both its inner and outer circumferences. Like a reducer, a double-tapped bushing has two threads of different sizes. A common type of this style fitting is a "hex bushing" with a hex head for installation with a pipe wrench.
783:
bursting, or which had to be cut temporarily for some reason. Since the alignment stop is missing, it is up to the installer to carefully measure the final location of the slip coupling to ensure that it is located correctly.
1256:
Central vacuum system inlet fittings are intentionally designed with a tighter curvature radius than other bends in the system. If vacuumed debris becomes stuck, it will jam at the inlet, where it is easy to find and remove.
1664:
torch, although electrically heated soldering tools are sometimes used. Once the fitting and pipe have reached sufficient temperature, solder is applied to the heated joint, and the molten solder is drawn into the joint by
740:
2101:
Cast iron piping was traditionally made with one "spigot" end (plain, which was cut to length as needed) and one "socket" or "hub" end (cup-shaped). The larger-diameter hub was also called a "bell" because of its shape.
1057:
1700:
Properly welded joints are considered reliable and durable. Pipe welding is often performed by specially licensed workers whose skills are retested periodically. For critical applications, every joint is tested with
1148:
Non-return or check valves allow the free flow of a fluid in one direction but prevent its flow in a reverse direction. They are often seen in drainage or sewage systems but may also be used in pressurized systems.
2162:
traditional cast-iron fittings, the heavy pipe segments may need better anchoring and support to prevent unwanted movement. The lighter rubber fittings may not muffle sound as well as the heavy cast-iron fittings.
931:
flow requirements of the system or adapt to existing piping of a different size. The reduction length is usually equal to the average of the larger and smaller pipe diameters. Although reducers are usually
1673:
soldering can produce a long-lasting connection at a low cost. However, using an open flame for heating joints can present fire and health hazards to building occupants and requires adequate ventilation.
479:
The bodies of fittings for pipe and tubing are often the same base material as the pipe or tubing connected: copper, steel, PVC, CPVC, or ABS. Any material permitted by the plumbing, health, or building
1220:
also use low-pressure gravity flow, so fittings for these systems resemble larger-scale DWV fittings. With high peak-flow volumes, the design and construction of these systems may resemble those of
1362:
in the United States—prohibit the use of this fitting for that purpose and require a double-fixture fitting (double combination wye) to minimize wastewater from one side flowing into the other.
834:
from one to the other; this dissolves one metal, depositing it on the other. A dielectric union breaks the electrical path with a plastic liner between its halves, limiting galvanic corrosion.
484:(as applicable) may be used, but it must be compatible with the other materials in the system, the fluids being transported, and the temperature and pressure inside (and outside) the system.
870:, brass, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), or copper (occasionally unthreaded copper), which connects two other fittings. A nipple with continuous uninterrupted threading is known as a
1039:
points can self-consistently define a plane; three legs are inherently stable, whereas four points overdetermine a plane and can be inconsistent, resulting in physical stress on a fitting.
2125:
technology may still be used for some repairs. In addition, some conservative plumbing codes still require leaded hub joints for final connections where the sewer main leaves a building.
822:. When two dissimilar metals are in contact with an electrically conductive solution (ordinary tap water is conductive), they form an electrochemical couple which generates a voltage by
1781:
Push-to-pull fittings are easily removed compression fitting that allows pipes to be connected with minimal tools. These fittings are similar to regular compression fittings but use an
1109:), which connects flexible hose or tubing to pipes, typically has a male-threaded end which mates with female threads. The other end of the fitting has a single- or multi-barbed tube—a
1064:
Caps, usually liquid- or gas-tight, cover the otherwise open end of a pipe. The exterior of an industrial cap may be round, square, rectangular, U- or I-shaped, or may have a handgrip.
705:
Long elbows are used in low-pressure gravity-fed systems and other applications where low turbulence and minimum deposition of entrained solids are of concern. They are available in
1978:
Press fittings with appropriate and region-specific certification may be used for gas lines. Stainless steel and carbon steel press fittings can withstand up to 16 bars of pressure.
1767:
leakage, they are generally restricted to accessible locations (such as under a kitchen or bathroom sink) and are prohibited in concealed locations such as the interiors of walls.
1508:
at one or both ends for assembly. Steel pipe is often joined with threaded connections; tapered threads are cut into the end of the pipe, and sealant is applied in the form of
4124:
1249:
DWV elbows are usually long-radius ("sweep") types. To reduce flow resistance and solid deposits when the direction of flow is changed, they use a shallow curve with a large
800:
A union also connects two pipes but is quite different from a coupling, as it allows future disconnection of the pipes for maintenance. In contrast to a coupling requiring
1181:
This view looking upwards through a hole in the ceiling shows a traditional leaded hub joint (at top) and a more recent rubber-sleeved hubless connection (at lower right).
2174:" or "rodding-out" with a unique tool to clear blockage or clogs. This is also an indication that a clean-out fitting could be installed to provide easier future access.
1959:
Crimped or pressed connections to use special fittings permanently attached to tubing with a powered crimper. The fittings, manufactured with a pre-installed sealant or
1620:
Unlike metal welding, solvent welding is relatively easy to perform (although care is needed to make reliable joints). Solvents typically used for plastics are usually
2117:, allowing it to set, and hammering it tightly with a caulking tool. If this was not possible due to position or some other constraint, the joint could be filled with
1253:. In addition, a well-designed system will often use two 45° elbows instead of one 90° elbow (even a sweep 90° elbow) to reduce flow disruption as much as possible.
775:) is deliberately made without this internal stop to allow it to be slipped into place in tight locations, such as the repair of a pipe that has a small leak due to
1963:, slide over the tubing to be connected. High pressure is used to deform the fitting and compress the sealant against the inner tubing, creating a leakproof seal.
1736:, dark goggles or full face shields must be used to protect the eyes. Precautions must also be taken to avoid fires caused by stray sparks and hot welding debris.
1431:
Much of the work of installing a piping or plumbing system involves making leakproof, reliable connections, and most piping requires mechanical support against
2987:
78:(designated by actual size, with lower tolerance for variance), adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating (or measuring)
2866:
2755:
2633:
2328:
1981:
A disadvantage of press fittings is the dead space between the pipe and the fitting, which can possibly rule out use for beverage and food applications.
1816:
Although flare connections are labor-intensive, they are durable and reliable. Considered more secure against leaks and sudden failure, they are used in
1443:) which might disrupt an installation. Depending on the connection technology and application, basic skills may be sufficient, or specialized skills and
1314:, is usually connected to a clean-water supply in addition to a DWV system. Because of the dual connection, it must be designed to resist the accidental
529:
Piping or tubing is usually inserted into fittings to make connections. Connectors are assigned a gender, abbreviated M or F. An example of this is a "
1836:
Flange fittings are generally used to connect valves, inline instruments or equipment nozzles. Two surfaces are joined tightly together with threaded
1808:
Flared connectors should not be confused with compression connectors, which are generally not interchangeable. Lacking a compression ring, they use a
2377:
Several varieties of fitting adapters are available for simple transition between piping systems, such as solder, threaded, and polybutylene adapters
2677:
1286:
Clean-outs are fittings with removable elements, allowing access to drains without removing plumbing fixtures. They are used to allow an auger (or
1697:
compatible) material. Skill is required to melt the joint sufficiently to ensure good fusion while not deforming or damaging the joined pieces.
252:
1137:
Valves stop (or regulate) the flow of liquids or gases. They are categorized by application, such as isolation, throttling, and non-return.
1880:
of pressure. Various types of flanges are available, depending on construction. Flanges used in piping (orifice, threaded, slip-on, blind,
1310:
out of buildings. It must be installed in an easily accessible place for adjustment, replacement, and repair. A trap primer, a specialized
197:
42:
Pipe fittings: 1) Copper (solder); 2) Iron or brass (threaded); 3) Brass (compression); 4) Brass (compression to solder); 5) Brass adapters
2737:
602:
which are like mechanical joint adapters but contain a stainless steel backup ring to maintain a positive seal against the mating flange
284:
Standard codes are followed when designing (or manufacturing) a piping system. Organizations which promulgate piping standards include:
2166:
which could eventually cause cracking. Flexible fittings may also be used to reduce the transmission of vibration into the DWV system.
390:
The material with which a pipe is manufactured is often the basis for choosing a pipe. Materials used for manufacturing pipes include:
2528:
342:
608:
which attach to a polyethylene pipe with butt fusion to stiffen a junction and allow another flanged pipe or fitting to be bolted on
2298:
1804:
Flare connection: 1) Screw thread; 2) O-ring; 3) Body; 4) Nut; 5) Seal interface; 6) Support ring (sleeve), and 7) Flared tubing
500:
resistance, mechanical ruggedness, theft resistance, and other factors also influence the choice of pipe and fitting materials.
2146:
clamping bands, which compress the rubber to make a tight seal around the pipes and fittings. These pipe clamps are similar to
979:
There are similar fittings for both sweat and solvent joinery. Since they are not "tapped" (threaded), they are simply called '
2355:"Gaskets General – Non-Metallic Flat, Spiral Wound Gaskets, Camprofile Gaskets, Metal-Jacketed Gaskets and Metallic Gaskets -"
2814:
2721:
1133:
These compression connections on water shutoff valves under a kitchen sink show evidence of slow seepage (greenish deposits).
330:
1705:
methods. Because of the skills required, welded pipe joints are usually restricted to high-performance applications such as
4084:
336:
2142:
clamped with special rubber sleeve (or "no-hub") fittings. The rubber sleeves are typically secured with stainless steel
2924:
3079:
2420:
Adaptor: A fitting that joins two different type of pipe together such as PVC to cast iron, or threaded to non-threaded
1884:, socket weld, lap-joint, and reducing) are available with a variety of facings, such as raised, flat, and ring-joint.
1813:
tightly together. Flare connectors are typically brass or plastic, but stainless steel or other materials may be used.
691:
524:
2946:
2678:"plumbing – In slip joints, what's the difference between rubber and nylon washers? – Home Improvement Stack Exchange"
3404:
3012:
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2449:
1776:
354:
223:
205:
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1656:
is applied to the inner sleeve of a joint and the pipe is inserted. The joint is then heated, typically by using a
678:
An elbow is installed between two lengths of pipe (or tubing) to allow a change of direction, usually a 90° or 45°
321:
264:
17:
543:", which would have a corresponding male connection of the same size and thread standard (in this case also NPT).
1613:
1570:
pipe was similarly used and was considered superior to steel for drinking water because it was more resistant to
706:
444:
2583:
1340:
drain because of the likelihood that solids will accumulate at the bottom of the junction and cause a blockage.
1609:
714:
456:
201:
1046:
systems (where stress caused by thermal expansion is not generally an issue), but are not common in plumbing.
4242:
1729:
1582:
with a unique heat number, which corresponds to the information documented in the 3.1 certificate datasheet.
1754:
1101:
These brass fittings for PEX tubing are very similar to, but not necessarily interchangeable with hose barbs
631:), used on oilfields and pressure control, have different diameters, pressure ratings or designs at each end
3695:
841:
309:
2113:. Then the remainder of the space in the hub was filled up. Ideally, this would be done by pouring molten
1951:
3858:
1596:
2910:
3640:
3485:
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1721:
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at each seam. In long-distance pipeline applications, a specialized wye is used to allow insertion of
1129:
3745:
2239:
1909:
1841:
1669:
as the flux vaporizes. "Sweating" is a term sometimes used to describe the soldering of pipe joints.
927:
may refer to any fitting which causes a change in pipe diameter. This change may be intended to meet
464:
460:
260:
3475:
3114:
2512:
2441:
590:
which have a flexible section to absorb expansion or contraction from two dissimilar pipe materials
448:
315:
186:
4257:
3680:
3675:
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3326:
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2209:
2105:
In use, the spigot of one segment was placed into the socket of the preceding one, and a ring of
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1517:
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718:
190:
75:
63:
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4144:
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sanitary tees and other short-sweep bends, which have a smaller radius and require less space.
2738:"plumbing – How do I make my bathroom pipes more practical? – Home Improvement Stack Exchange"
4186:
4139:
3895:
3838:
3823:
3295:
2961:
2254:
1487:
1359:
1228:
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162:
are specialized fittings that permit regulating the flow of fluid within a plumbing system.
71:
2433:
694:), or socketed. When the ends differ in size, it is known as a reducing (or reducer) elbow.
3885:
3454:
3362:
3264:
2184:
1862:
1758:
Compression connectors on an isolating valve; the reddish part is a copper compression ring
1749:
1483:
1463:
635:
540:
2557:
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8:
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3715:
3311:
2434:
2274:
1745:
1406:
1250:
895:
698:
580:
is generally a fitting that interfaces two different parts. The term commonly refers to:
151:
2470:
818:
insulation, separate dissimilar metals (such as copper and galvanized steel) to prevent
4237:
4170:
4069:
3991:
3828:
3793:
3690:
3670:
3565:
3540:
3341:
3234:
3104:
2710:
2608:
2389:
2306:
2204:
2171:
1605:
1412:
1328:
1287:
1199:
993:
955:
A double-tapped bushing, commonly shortened to bushing, is a fitting which serves as a
902:
819:
710:
670:
568:
452:
302:
2137:
Flexible rubber sleeves are used to connect this cast-iron and copper DWV installation
1943:
1732:
must be worn. Because the high temperatures during welding can often generate intense
4252:
4206:
4129:
3818:
3665:
3650:
3570:
3550:
3515:
3368:
3331:
3229:
3065:
2967:
2810:
2717:
2445:
1853:
1733:
1653:
1073:
937:
906:
853:
748:
734:
67:
1145:
throttling valve from the rest of the system, so it can be refurbished or replaced.
1056:
739:
662:
4211:
3976:
3785:
3735:
3560:
3480:
3439:
3399:
3159:
3124:
2189:
1881:
1866:
1725:
1710:
1666:
1513:
1011:
827:
475:
has also been used, but is now banned in North
America because of poor reliability)
143:
127:
1331:
through a drain system and to encourage water flow in the direction of the drain.
4247:
4039:
3915:
3905:
3605:
3555:
3545:
3525:
3505:
3429:
3321:
3244:
3219:
2892:
1918:
1817:
1714:
1649:
1640:
1467:
1303:
916:
801:
493:
468:
410:
382:
135:
2830:
1763:
typically brass or plastic, but stainless steel or other materials may be used.
4079:
4049:
4044:
3996:
3930:
3760:
3755:
3580:
3575:
3419:
3357:
3301:
3249:
3184:
3129:
1809:
1536:
1110:
1043:
722:
416:
95:
46:
4231:
4196:
4160:
4029:
3966:
3635:
3535:
3444:
3336:
3316:
3144:
3139:
2848:
2659:
2354:
2249:
2234:
2110:
1930:
1926:
1795:
1657:
1501:
1381:
1266:
687:
481:
421:
Chrome-molybdenum (alloy) steel (generally used for high-temperature service)
398:
147:
2133:
1921:
and thickness stresses caused by dissimilar metals and temperature changes.
943:
A reducer can also be used either as a nozzle or diffuser, depending on the
4089:
4006:
3946:
3925:
3920:
3833:
3808:
3750:
3730:
3720:
3705:
3645:
3630:
3600:
3585:
3520:
3500:
3449:
3394:
3259:
3239:
3169:
2938:
2219:
1706:
1625:
1505:
1471:
1456:
1377:
1376:
Wyes also have industrial applications. Although low-priced wyes are often
1274:
837:
823:
657:
613:
a fitting that connects pipes of different diameters, genders, or threads (
564:
Two threaded adapters for connecting copper pipe (sweat) to a female thread
560:
472:
394:
1684:
1177:
4034:
4011:
3986:
3971:
3863:
3740:
3725:
3710:
3655:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3595:
3590:
3510:
3495:
3269:
3209:
2194:
1528:
1521:
1299:
1221:
1217:
1206:
964:
944:
437:
111:
38:
4094:
3981:
3961:
3848:
3813:
3775:
3770:
3615:
3490:
3254:
3214:
2214:
2147:
2143:
1877:
1786:
needs to be a clean cut to avoid damaging the O-ring during insertion.
1544:
1520:
or Teflon tape) and the pipe is screwed into a threaded fitting with a
1440:
1213:
1097:
933:
882:
815:
497:
119:
103:
99:
4125:
International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
1925:
coupling engaging the groove; the bolts and nuts are tightened with a
1010:
This specialized type of tee fitting is used primarily in pressurized
30:
4099:
3956:
3951:
3890:
3424:
3389:
3352:
3224:
3189:
3154:
3149:
3119:
2988:"Seal Between Flange, Toilet When Troubleshooting In Leaky bathrooms"
2244:
2118:
1905:
1629:
1571:
1552:
1509:
1436:
1416:
1307:
1106:
1092:
1036:
928:
887:
805:
792:
776:
123:
115:
2849:"plumbing – combo tee vs. tee wye – Home Improvement Stack Exchange"
1152:
Valves are available in several types, based on design and purpose:
175:
4165:
3853:
3199:
3179:
3134:
3109:
3088:
2229:
2151:
1820:
systems and in other high-pressure, high-reliability applications.
1661:
1315:
1209:
1186:
1162:
Needle valve – Throttling, usually with high precision but low flow
1032:
920:
780:
584:
any fitting that connects pipes of different materials, including:
83:
1896:
1800:
858:
294:
A112.19.1 Enameled cast-iron and steel plumbing fixtures standards
4104:
4001:
3910:
3798:
3700:
3530:
3434:
3414:
3290:
3017:, Plumbing & HVAC, November 16th 2023. In: plumbingandhvac.ca
2375:(2nd ed.). Home Innovation Research Labs. 2013. p. 89.
2224:
1693:
1532:
1492:
1432:
1420:
1385:
1190:
956:
940:
are used as needed to maintain the top- or bottom-of-pipe level.
683:
433:
429:
139:
107:
682:; 22.5° elbows are also available. The ends may be machined for
4191:
3900:
3868:
3374:
3347:
3204:
3194:
2712:
Taunton's plumbing complete: expert advice from start to finish
2199:
1960:
1857:
1849:
1782:
1270:
512:
508:
489:
425:
3043:
International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
2097:
Diagram showing the construction of a typical leaded hub joint
1172:
3803:
3765:
3409:
3379:
2106:
2093:
1872:
Flanges are rated at 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500
1837:
1621:
1567:
1311:
1124:
867:
826:. When the metals are in direct contact with each other, the
679:
485:
159:
131:
91:
87:
79:
3880:
3685:
3274:
3164:
3057:
2373:
Design Guide: Residential PEX Water Supply
Plumbing Systems
2121:
or rope, which was forcibly compacted one layer at a time.
2114:
1556:
1548:
492:
fittings are common in copper piping and plumbing systems.
288:
3047:
1955:
Pressfittings connection with dead space around the O-ring
1527:
Threaded steel pipe is widely used in buildings to convey
2634:"You Can Fix Plumbing Problems With The Right Equipment "
2155:
1828:
894:"Reducer" redirects here. For the chemistry concept, see
831:
3042:
1165:
Butterfly or diaphragm valves – Isolation and throttling
866:
A nipple is a short stub of pipe, usually male-threaded
3052:
3014:
Sponsored
Article: The Future of Press-Connect Fittings
2475:(2nd ed.). The Plastics Pipe Institute, Inc. 2010.
1411:
Hydraulic systems use high fluid pressure, such as the
1352:
1141:
operable whenever needed, including for emergency use.
360:
Pipes must conform to the dimensional requirements of:
647:
a fitting that connects threaded and non-threaded pipe
546:
2584:"Different Types of Pipe Fittings in Plumbing System"
1574:
and shed much fewer residues into the flowing water.
1113:
with ridges, which is inserted into a flexible hose.
874:. Nipples are commonly used with plumbing and hoses.
3030:
Wm. H. Wise & Co., Inc. New York. pg. 94,395,396
1770:
844:
of one of the joined parts while resisting leakage.
364:
ASME B36.10M: Welded and seamless wrought-steel pipe
2709:
1168:Check valve – Preventing reverse flow (non-return)
666:Short-radius (or regular) 45° elbow (copper sweat)
2440:(10th ed.). Wiley Publishing, Inc. pp.
2230:Rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage
1551:was often used to protect steel water pipes from
596:for joining polyethylene pipe to another material
4229:
62:is used in pipe systems to connect sections of
2911:"DPMAregister | Marken - Registerauskunft"
2418:. Anvil International. April 2012. p. 99.
2170:need to be disassembled to provide access for "
1015:installed backwards will function very poorly.
674:Long-radius (or sweep) 90° elbow (copper sweat)
3053:the American Society for Testing and Materials
3026:Damm, John A. and Waugaman, Charles H. (1948)
2966:. Black and Decker. January 2019. p. 30.
2925:"Abnahmeprüfzeugnis 3.1: Bedeutung und Inhalt"
2054:Double Tap Connector 90/90 with Female Thread
1947:Fitting being crimped using a specialized tool
1936:
1083:plugs are sealed watertight with a PEX crimp.
796:Combination union and reducer (brass threaded)
751:connects two pipes. The fitting is known as a
572:Tapered barbed adapter used for oxygen devices
3073:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2431:
1496:Male threaded pipe and female threaded elbow
919:size from a larger to a smaller bore (inner
305:: American Society for Testing and Materials
297:A112.19.2 Ceramic plumbing fixtures standard
1173:Drain-waste-vent (DWV) and related fittings
697:Elbows are also categorized by length. The
291:: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
204:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3080:
3066:
2458:
2432:Miller, Rex; Miller, Mark Richard (2004).
2279:Plumbing Manufacturers International (PMI)
1844:, clamps, or other means of applying high
1644:Brass fitting soft-soldered to copper pipe
1600:Polypropylene fittings for solvent welding
1391:
1365:
830:from one to the other also moves metallic
326:MSS: Manufacturers Standardization Society
2804:
2707:
2558:"Plumbing, Kitchen & Bath Dictionary"
2329:"Proper Replacement Of Gaskets Important"
2128:
1563:source of additional water-borne oxygen.
1450:
343:Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association
224:Learn how and when to remove this message
3028:The Practical and Technical Encyclopedia
2867:"New Methods Simplify Plumbing Problems"
2132:
2092:
1950:
1942:
1895:
1827:
1799:
1753:
1683:
1639:
1595:
1491:
1176:
1128:
1096:
1055:
992:
881:
857:
791:
738:
669:
661:
567:
559:
381:
45:
37:
29:
4135:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
2809:. Newtown, Connecticut: Taunton Press.
2800:
2798:
2796:
2716:. Newtown, Connecticut: Taunton Press.
2581:
2414:"Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations".
1739:
1193:to move fluids (and entrained solids),
14:
4230:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2109:was forced down into the joint with a
2088:
1891:
1876:; or 10, 15, 25, 40, 64, 100, and 150
1156:Gate, plug, or ball valves – Isolation
386:Display of threaded cast-iron fittings
3061:
2582:Anupoju, Sadanandam (6 August 2016).
1566:In older installations, the threaded
1535:fuel and is also a popular choice in
1426:
1400:
1235:
886:Bronze threaded (at left) and copper
331:American National Standards Institute
4085:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
1474:, driven into concrete or masonry).
1353:Double sanitary tee (sanitary cross)
717:(CPVC), and copper, and are used in
337:National Fire Protection Association
235:
202:adding citations to reliable sources
169:
2773:
2688:
1306:, maintaining a water seal to keep
1302:automatically injects water into a
547:Common piping and plumbing fittings
407:Low-temperature carbon steel (LTCS)
34:Copper fittings for soldered joints
24:
2949:from the original on Apr 22, 2023.
2487:"High pressure adapters/couplings"
2472:Handbook of Polyethylene (PE) Pipe
2063:Adapter Female Coupling (ISO 228)
2057:Elbow 90° Female Adapter Coupling
1823:
1632:, requiring adequate ventilation.
1585:
525:Gender of connectors and fasteners
367:ASME B36.19M: Stainless-steel pipe
25:
4269:
3405:Push-to-pull compression fittings
3036:
2529:"Pipe Fittings and Port Adapters"
1789:
1777:Push-to-pull compression fittings
1771:Push-to-pull compression fittings
1688:Partially-welded steel pipe joint
1559:residues into the flowing water.
1388:to keep pipes clear and flowing.
1002:with equal tees the most common.
404:Impact-tested carbon steel (ITCS)
82:flow. These fittings are used in
27:Connecting pieces in pipe systems
1477:
1260:
322:American Water Works Association
240:
174:
86:to manipulate the conveyance of
3020:
3006:
2980:
2953:
2931:
2917:
2903:
2885:
2859:
2841:
2823:
2748:
2730:
2670:
2652:
2626:
2601:
2575:
2550:
2521:
2504:
2479:
1832:Flange connection with a gasket
1380:, industrial-strength wyes are
1334:
1205:Underground piping systems for
1005:
707:acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
445:acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
370:ASME B31.3 2008: Process piping
2963:The Complete Guide to Plumbing
2514:Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
2425:
2407:
2382:
2365:
2347:
2321:
2291:
2267:
1293:
1244:
959:. It is a sleeve similar to a
715:chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
594:mechanical joint (MJ) adapters
511:are mechanical seals, usually
457:chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
13:
1:
2436:Audel Plumber's Pocket Manual
2261:
1730:personal protective equipment
1728:from welding operations, and
1343:
972:are the same gender, it is a
616:
424:Non-ferrous metals (includes
373:ASME B31.4 XXXX: Power piping
4145:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
3696:Reduced pressure zone device
3087:
2807:Plumbing (for pros, by pros)
1635:
1321:
1281:
1185:Because they operate at low
743:Pipe coupling (copper sweat)
377:
310:American Petroleum Institute
263:or discuss the issue on the
165:
7:
4140:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
3859:Instant hot water dispenser
3661:Piping and plumbing fitting
2831:"Garbage Disposal Plumbing"
2536:Parker Hannifin Corporation
2177:
1937:Pressed or crimped fittings
1462:machine bolt and nut; or a
960:
728:
614:
10:
4274:
3486:Backflow prevention device
3471:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
3048:International Code Council
2538:. October 2017. p. F4
2491:Parker Autoclave Engineers
2060:Female Straight Connector
2052:Elbow 90° Female Coupling
1793:
1774:
1743:
1679:
1589:
1481:
1466:(PAT) fastener (usually a
1454:
1435:and other forces (such as
1404:
1122:
1090:
1071:
950:
900:
893:
877:
851:
732:
655:
642:pipe threads are available
555:
522:
503:
355:Plumbing Code of Australia
349:Compressed Gas Association
4179:
4153:
4113:
4058:
4020:
3939:
3784:
3746:Thermostatic mixing valve
3463:
3283:
3095:
2416:Anvil Pipe Fitters Manual
2021:Elbow 45°, F/F & F/M
2019:Elbow 90°, F/F & F/M
2003:Pressend / Female Thread
1986:
1447:may be legally required.
847:
771:(sometimes also called a
518:
465:Cross-linked polyethylene
461:high-density polyethylene
3476:Automatic bleeding valve
3115:Compatibility (chemical)
2756:"Advise Check Of Drains"
2240:Traps, Drains, and Vents
2048:Male Straight Connector
2037:Elbow 90° Male Coupling
1900:Mechanical sleeve clamps
1604:A solvent is applied to
1195:drain-waste-vent systems
1159:Globe valve – Throttling
1116:
1018:
787:
651:
449:fibre-reinforced plastic
316:American Welding Society
3681:Pressure-balanced valve
3676:Pressure vacuum breaker
3385:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
3327:Drain-waste-vent system
3307:Chemical drain cleaners
2992:Northwest Columbus News
2805:Cauldwell, Rex (2007).
2708:Cauldwell, Rex (2009).
2024:Bend 15°, 45°, 75° M/M
2000:Pressend / Male Thread
1987:Types of Pressfittings
1724:is essential to remove
1652:connection, a chemical
1510:thread-sealing compound
1392:Side inlet tee-wye (TY)
1366:Wye (Y) or tee-wye (TY)
1318:of contaminated water.
1086:
1067:
1023:Crosses, also known as
974:gender-changing reducer
443:Non-metallic (includes
4202:Template:Public health
3874:water recycling shower
3844:Hot water storage tank
3175:Onsite sewage facility
2138:
2129:Rubber sleeve fittings
2098:
1956:
1948:
1904:Manufacturers such as
1901:
1833:
1805:
1759:
1689:
1645:
1601:
1497:
1451:Fasteners and supports
1445:professional licensure
1327:ease the pushing of a
1229:central vacuum systems
1182:
1134:
1102:
1061:
1049:
1042:Crosses are common in
998:
986:
891:
863:
797:
744:
675:
667:
573:
565:
387:
51:
43:
35:
4187:Fire sprinkler system
3896:Tankless water heater
3839:Garbage disposal unit
3824:Electric water boiler
3296:British Standard Pipe
2960:"Push-Fit Fittings".
2664:freeonlineplumber.com
2333:The Victoria Advocate
2136:
2096:
2039:Bend 90° Male Thread
1954:
1946:
1899:
1863:water supply networks
1831:
1803:
1757:
1687:
1643:
1599:
1495:
1488:British Standard Pipe
1360:Uniform Plumbing Code
1180:
1132:
1100:
1059:
996:
885:
861:
795:
742:
673:
665:
571:
563:
539:-inch female adapter
385:
49:
41:
33:
4243:Building engineering
3886:Storage water heater
3455:Water heat recycling
3363:National Pipe Thread
3265:Water supply network
2255:Water supply systems
2185:Cutting ring fitting
2076:3-PC HFF Ball Valve
2045:Union Male Coupling
1750:Compression fittings
1740:Compression fittings
1578:support its weight.
1547:coating of metallic
1484:National pipe thread
1464:powder-actuated tool
634:adapters to convert
261:improve this article
198:improve this section
152:compression fittings
4217:Template:Wastewater
4075:Hydrostatic testing
3716:Rooftop water tower
3312:Compression fitting
2994:. September 4, 2002
2871:Schenectady Gazette
2609:"Plumbing Glossary"
2390:"Plumbing Glossary"
2299:"Plumbing Glossary"
2089:Leaded hub fittings
1892:Mechanical fittings
1746:Compression fitting
1413:hydraulic actuators
1407:Hydraulic machinery
1251:radius of curvature
1212:or the disposal of
896:Reducer (chemistry)
890:(at right) reducers
699:radius of curvature
4171:Waterborne disease
4070:Hydronic balancing
3829:Evaporative cooler
3794:Accessible bathtub
3691:Radiator (heating)
3671:Pressure regulator
3566:Double check valve
3541:Concentric reducer
3342:Garden Hose Thread
3235:Thermal insulation
3105:Air gap (plumbing)
2893:"Steel stud bolts"
2760:Lodi News-Sentinel
2640:. October 20, 1996
2562:PlumbingSupply.com
2205:Gladhand connector
2139:
2099:
1957:
1949:
1902:
1848:force. Although a
1834:
1806:
1760:
1690:
1646:
1602:
1498:
1427:Connection methods
1401:Hydraulic fittings
1236:Slip-joint fitting
1183:
1135:
1103:
1062:
1029:cross branch lines
999:
938:eccentric reducers
923:). Alternatively,
903:Concentric reducer
892:
864:
820:galvanic corrosion
798:
745:
711:polyvinyl chloride
676:
668:
588:expansion adapters
574:
566:
453:polyvinyl chloride
388:
303:ASTM International
52:
44:
36:
4225:
4224:
4207:Template:Sewerage
4154:Health and safety
4130:NSF International
3940:Specialized tools
3819:Drinking fountain
3786:Plumbing fixtures
3666:Plug (sanitation)
3651:Nipple (plumbing)
3571:Eccentric reducer
3551:Coupling (piping)
3516:Chemigation valve
3369:Nominal Pipe Size
3332:Ductile iron pipe
3230:Thermal expansion
2945:. 20 March 2021.
2939:"Soldering Types"
2853:stackexchange.com
2816:978-1-56158-817-6
2742:stackexchange.com
2723:978-1-56158-855-8
2682:stackexchange.com
2638:The Daily Courier
2511:"adapter spool".
2086:
2085:
2006:Valve Connection
1734:ultraviolet light
1111:long tapered cone
1074:Plug (sanitation)
1025:four-way fittings
981:reducing bushings
907:Eccentric reducer
854:Nipple (plumbing)
840:allow mechanical
812:Dielectric unions
753:reducing coupling
735:Coupling (piping)
282:
281:
253:balanced coverage
234:
233:
226:
148:threaded fittings
144:friction fittings
16:(Redirected from
4265:
4212:Template:Toilets
3977:Flare-nut wrench
3736:Submersible pump
3561:Dielectric union
3481:Automatic faucet
3440:Thread seal tape
3400:Plastic pipework
3160:Hydrostatic loop
3125:Drain (plumbing)
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2835:www.nettally.com
2827:
2821:
2820:
2802:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2705:
2686:
2685:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2467:
2456:
2455:
2439:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2305:. Archived from
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2271:
2190:Drain (plumbing)
2079:Flange Coupling
2066:Female Coupling
1984:
1983:
1715:nuclear reactors
1667:capillary action
1516:(also known as
1514:thread seal tape
1060:Copper sweat cap
1035:, any three non-
1012:hydronic heating
997:Copper sweat tee
828:electric current
629:crossover spools
620:
576:In plumbing, an
538:
537:
533:
277:
274:
268:
251:may not provide
244:
243:
236:
229:
222:
218:
215:
209:
178:
170:
74:of variance) or
70:, with greater
21:
18:Union (plumbing)
4273:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4175:
4149:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4040:Pressure sensor
4022:
4016:
3992:Plumber's snake
3935:
3916:Water dispenser
3906:Washing machine
3780:
3606:Flushing trough
3556:Diaphragm valve
3546:Condensate pump
3526:Circulator pump
3506:Butterfly valve
3459:
3430:Solvent welding
3322:Crimp (joining)
3279:
3245:Trap (plumbing)
3220:Surface tension
3097:
3091:
3086:
3039:
3034:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2803:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2706:
2689:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2588:The Constructor
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2517:. Schlumberger.
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2469:
2468:
2459:
2452:
2430:
2426:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2180:
2131:
2091:
1993:Connection Type
1939:
1894:
1826:
1824:Flange fittings
1818:hydraulic brake
1810:tapered conical
1798:
1792:
1779:
1773:
1752:
1744:Main articles:
1742:
1682:
1676:
1638:
1594:
1592:Solvent welding
1588:
1586:Solvent welding
1490:
1480:
1459:
1453:
1429:
1409:
1403:
1394:
1368:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1329:plumber's snake
1324:
1296:
1288:plumber's snake
1284:
1269:(the drainpipe
1263:
1247:
1238:
1200:plumber's snake
1175:
1127:
1119:
1095:
1089:
1076:
1070:
1052:
1021:
1008:
989:
953:
909:
899:
880:
856:
850:
802:solvent welding
790:
773:repair coupling
737:
731:
709:(ABS plastic),
660:
654:
617:§ Coupling
606:flange adapters
558:
549:
535:
531:
530:
527:
521:
506:
494:Fire resistance
469:toughened glass
411:Stainless steel
380:
278:
272:
269:
258:
245:
241:
230:
219:
213:
210:
195:
179:
168:
136:plastic welding
66:(designated by
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4258:Water industry
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4116:organizations
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4080:Leak detection
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4050:Water metering
4047:
4045:Water detector
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3997:Plumber wrench
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3931:Water softener
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3761:Vacuum ejector
3758:
3756:Vacuum breaker
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3581:Faucet aerator
3578:
3576:Expansion tank
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Sewage pumping
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3358:Leak detection
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3302:Cast iron pipe
3299:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3250:Venturi effect
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:Sanitary sewer
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Drinking water
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3037:External links
3035:
3033:
3032:
3019:
3005:
2979:
2972:
2952:
2930:
2916:
2902:
2897:pipingmart.com
2884:
2873:. Sep 26, 1933
2858:
2840:
2822:
2815:
2772:
2747:
2729:
2722:
2687:
2669:
2651:
2625:
2600:
2574:
2549:
2520:
2503:
2478:
2457:
2450:
2424:
2406:
2381:
2364:
2346:
2335:. Feb 26, 1963
2320:
2290:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Septic systems
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2130:
2127:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2050:
2035:
2030:Coupling Long
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:End-Connector
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:All Pressends
1995:
1989:
1988:
1938:
1935:
1893:
1890:
1825:
1822:
1794:Main article:
1791:
1790:Flare fittings
1788:
1775:Main article:
1772:
1769:
1741:
1738:
1703:nondestructive
1681:
1678:
1637:
1634:
1590:Main article:
1587:
1584:
1537:fire sprinkler
1479:
1476:
1455:Main article:
1452:
1449:
1428:
1425:
1405:Main article:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1367:
1364:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1323:
1320:
1295:
1292:
1283:
1280:
1262:
1259:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1123:Main article:
1118:
1115:
1091:Main article:
1088:
1085:
1069:
1066:
1051:
1048:
1044:fire sprinkler
1020:
1017:
1007:
1004:
988:
985:
952:
949:
879:
876:
852:Main article:
849:
846:
789:
786:
733:Main article:
730:
727:
723:central vacuum
721:, sewage, and
653:
650:
649:
648:
645:
644:
643:
632:
625:adapter spools
611:
610:
609:
603:
597:
591:
557:
554:
548:
545:
520:
517:
505:
502:
477:
476:
441:
422:
419:
417:Malleable iron
414:
408:
405:
402:
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
358:
357:
351:
345:
339:
333:
327:
324:
318:
312:
306:
300:
299:
298:
295:
280:
279:
248:
246:
239:
232:
231:
182:
180:
173:
167:
164:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4270:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Template:HVAC
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:Plumbing code
4159:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:and standards
4112:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:Control valve
4028:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3967:Drain cleaner
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:Hose coupling
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Closet flange
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Threaded pipe
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:Flare fitting
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Copper tubing
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:Grade (slope)
3143:
3141:
3140:Friction loss
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3029:
3023:
3016:
3015:
3009:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2975:
2973:9780760362822
2969:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2926:
2920:
2912:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2762:. Oct 4, 1937
2761:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2725:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2537:
2530:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2451:0-7645-7654-2
2447:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2428:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2309:on 2022-03-31
2308:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Water cooling
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:caulking iron
2108:
2103:
2095:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Union Female
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1931:impact wrench
1928:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1867:hydroelectric
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1802:
1797:
1796:Flare fitting
1787:
1784:
1778:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1593:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:threaded pipe
1494:
1489:
1485:
1478:Threaded pipe
1475:
1473:
1472:threaded stud
1469:
1465:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:closet flange
1261:Closet flange
1258:
1254:
1252:
1242:
1233:
1230:
1227:Fittings for
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1065:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:Geometrically
1030:
1026:
1016:
1013:
1003:
995:
991:
984:
982:
977:
975:
969:
966:
962:
958:
948:
947:of the flow.
946:
941:
939:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
908:
904:
897:
889:
884:
875:
873:
869:
860:
855:
845:
843:
839:
838:Rotary unions
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
807:
803:
794:
785:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:slip coupling
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
741:
736:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
672:
664:
659:
646:
641:
637:
633:
630:
627:(also called
626:
623:
622:
618:
612:
607:
604:
601:
600:bell adapters
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
585:
583:
582:
581:
579:
570:
562:
553:
544:
542:
526:
516:
514:
510:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
396:
393:
392:
391:
384:
372:
369:
366:
363:
362:
361:
356:
352:
350:
346:
344:
340:
338:
334:
332:
328:
325:
323:
319:
317:
313:
311:
307:
304:
301:
296:
293:
292:
290:
287:
286:
285:
276:
266:
262:
256:
254:
249:This article
247:
238:
237:
228:
225:
217:
207:
203:
199:
193:
192:
188:
183:This section
181:
177:
172:
171:
163:
161:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:refrigerative
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
48:
40:
32:
19:
4090:Pipe marking
4063:and services
4059:Professions,
4007:Strap wrench
3947:Basin wrench
3926:Water heater
3921:Water filter
3834:Flush toilet
3809:Dehumidifier
3751:Trench drain
3731:Street elbow
3721:Safety valve
3706:Relief valve
3660:
3646:Needle valve
3631:Grinder pump
3601:Flow limiter
3586:Float switch
3521:Chopper pump
3501:Booster pump
3450:Tube bending
3395:Pipe support
3260:Water hammer
3240:Thermosiphon
3170:Neutral axis
3027:
3022:
3013:
3008:
2998:December 27,
2996:. Retrieved
2991:
2982:
2962:
2955:
2942:
2933:
2919:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2877:December 26,
2875:. Retrieved
2870:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2834:
2825:
2806:
2764:. Retrieved
2759:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2711:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2660:"Slip-Joint"
2654:
2644:December 27,
2642:. Retrieved
2637:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2613:PlumbingMart
2612:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2587:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2561:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2535:
2523:
2513:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2471:
2444:, 201, 287.
2435:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2397:. Retrieved
2394:PlumbingMart
2393:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2339:December 26,
2337:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:the original
2303:PlumbingMart
2302:
2293:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:
2269:
2220:Pipe support
2168:
2164:
2160:
2154:or flexible
2140:
2123:
2104:
2100:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
1992:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1940:
1923:
1915:
1903:
1888:conditions.
1886:
1871:
1835:
1815:
1807:
1780:
1765:
1761:
1719:
1707:shipbuilding
1699:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1647:
1626:carcinogenic
1619:
1603:
1580:
1576:
1565:
1561:
1542:
1526:
1506:screw thread
1499:
1460:
1457:Pipe support
1430:
1410:
1395:
1382:flash-welded
1375:
1371:
1369:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1335:Sanitary tee
1325:
1297:
1285:
1275:flush toilet
1264:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1226:
1222:storm sewers
1204:
1189:and rely on
1184:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1120:
1104:
1079:
1077:
1063:
1053:
1041:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1009:
1006:Diverter tee
1000:
990:
980:
978:
973:
970:
961:close nipple
954:
942:
924:
915:reduces the
912:
910:
872:close nipple
871:
865:
836:
824:electrolysis
811:
810:
799:
772:
768:
766:
760:
756:
752:
746:
704:
696:
684:butt welding
677:
658:Street elbow
628:
624:
605:
599:
593:
587:
577:
575:
550:
528:
507:
478:
473:polybutylene
389:
359:
283:
273:January 2017
270:
255:on the world
250:
220:
211:
196:Please help
184:
156:
120:liquid waste
100:irrigational
68:nominal size
59:
55:
53:
50:PVC fittings
4035:Flow sensor
4023:and control
4021:Measurement
4012:Tap and die
3987:Pipe wrench
3972:Driving cap
3864:Laundry tub
3741:Tap (valve)
3726:Sewage pump
3711:Riser clamp
3656:Pinch valve
3626:Grease trap
3621:Globe valve
3611:Flushometer
3596:Floor drain
3591:Float valve
3511:Check valve
3496:Bleed screw
3270:Water table
3210:Storm sewer
3096:Fundamental
2195:Driving cap
2148:hose clamps
2069:Tee Female
1846:compressive
1726:metal fumes
1722:ventilation
1624:and may be
1529:natural gas
1522:pipe wrench
1441:earthquakes
1378:spot-welded
1300:trap primer
1294:Trap primer
1273:to which a
1245:Sweep elbow
1218:groundwater
1207:landscaping
1105:A barb (or
945:mach number
719:DWV systems
513:ring-shaped
467:(PEX), and
438:cupronickel
4232:Categories
4095:Pipefitter
3982:Pipecutter
3962:Core drill
3849:Humidifier
3814:Dishwasher
3776:Zone valve
3771:Water tank
3616:Gate valve
3491:Ball valve
3464:Components
3284:Technology
3255:Wastewater
3215:Stormwater
2766:2013-12-26
2359:wermac.org
2284:2024-01-01
2275:"Glossary"
2262:References
2215:Pipefitter
2144:worm drive
1648:To make a
1545:galvanized
1482:See also:
1437:wind loads
1417:bulldozers
1344:Baffle tee
1214:stormwater
1072:See also:
934:concentric
901:See also:
816:dielectric
656:See also:
523:See also:
498:earthquake
399:galvanized
110:purposes,
72:tolerances
4238:Bathrooms
4114:Industry
4100:Pipelayer
3957:Borescope
3952:Blowtorch
3891:Sump pump
3425:Soldering
3390:Pipe dope
3353:Hydronics
3225:Tap water
3190:Sewer gas
3155:Heat trap
3150:Greywater
3120:Corrosion
2943:VIP Ferro
2245:Victaulic
2119:lead wool
2042:Tee Male
2027:Coupling
1906:Victaulic
1882:weld neck
1869:systems.
1720:Adequate
1709:, and in
1636:Soldering
1630:flammable
1572:corrosion
1553:corrosion
1322:Combo tee
1308:sewer gas
1282:Clean-out
1107:hose barb
1093:Hose barb
1037:collinear
963:, but is
929:hydraulic
806:soldering
777:corrosion
725:systems.
690:(usually
397:(CS) and
378:Materials
265:talk page
214:July 2016
185:does not
166:Standards
128:mortaring
124:soldering
116:petroleum
90:such as
4253:Plumbing
4180:See also
4166:Scalding
3854:Icemaker
3641:Manifold
3200:Sewerage
3180:Pressure
3135:Fuel gas
3110:Backflow
3098:concepts
3089:Plumbing
2947:Archived
2178:See also
2152:neoprene
1919:residual
1910:Grinnell
1711:chemical
1662:MAPP gas
1421:backhoes
1316:backflow
1210:drainage
1187:pressure
965:threaded
921:diameter
842:rotation
749:coupling
729:Coupling
688:threaded
463:(HDPE),
459:(CPVC),
132:caulking
104:sanitary
96:potatory
84:plumbing
4105:Plumber
4061:trades,
4002:Plunger
3911:Washlet
3799:Bathtub
3701:Reducer
3531:Cistern
3435:Swaging
3415:Sealant
3291:Brazing
2225:Plumber
2172:snaking
2009:Flange
1854:packing
1694:welding
1680:Welding
1658:propane
1533:propane
1433:gravity
1386:pigging
1191:gravity
957:reducer
951:Bushing
925:reducer
913:reducer
878:Reducer
814:, with
761:adapter
757:reducer
713:(PVC),
578:adapter
556:Adapter
534:⁄
509:Gaskets
504:Gaskets
455:(PVC),
451:(FRP),
447:(ABS),
434:incoloy
430:inconel
259:Please
206:removed
191:sources
140:welding
106:, and
60:adapter
56:fitting
4248:Piping
4192:Piping
3901:Urinal
3869:Shower
3375:O-ring
3348:Gasket
3205:Siphon
3195:Sewage
2970:
2813:
2720:
2618:2 July
2593:4 July
2567:3 July
2542:8 July
2496:3 July
2448:
2399:3 July
2313:2 July
2200:Flange
1961:O-ring
1927:socket
1858:O-ring
1850:gasket
1842:wedges
1783:O-ring
1650:solder
1504:has a
1271:flange
862:Nipple
848:Nipple
781:freeze
692:female
519:Gender
490:bronze
436:, and
426:copper
395:Carbon
341:EJMA:
335:NFPA:
329:ANSI:
320:AWWA:
160:Valves
150:, and
88:fluids
3804:Bidet
3766:Valve
3410:Putty
3380:Oakum
3371:(NPS)
3365:(NPT)
3344:(GHT)
3298:(BSP)
2532:(PDF)
2107:oakum
1856:, or
1838:bolts
1622:toxic
1568:brass
1557:rusty
1312:valve
1125:Valve
1117:Valve
1019:Cross
888:sweat
868:steel
788:Union
759:, or
680:angle
652:Elbow
619:below
486:Brass
401:steel
353:PCA:
347:CGA:
314:AWS:
308:API:
92:water
80:fluid
3881:Sink
3686:Pump
3275:Well
3165:Leak
3000:2013
2968:ISBN
2879:2013
2811:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2646:2013
2620:2019
2595:2019
2569:2019
2544:2019
2498:2019
2446:ISBN
2401:2019
2341:2013
2315:2019
2210:Pipe
2115:lead
2082:Cap
2033:Tee
1908:and
1878:bars
1865:and
1748:and
1713:and
1692:The
1654:flux
1628:and
1610:CPVC
1549:zinc
1518:PTFE
1486:and
1468:nail
1439:and
1419:and
1415:for
1304:trap
1087:Barb
1080:plug
1068:Plug
917:pipe
905:and
832:ions
615:see
482:code
413:(SS)
289:ASME
189:any
187:cite
94:for
76:tube
64:pipe
2442:197
2158:).
2156:PVC
1929:or
1917:to
1874:psi
1660:or
1614:ABS
1606:PVC
1531:or
1512:or
1470:or
1216:or
1050:Cap
1027:or
987:Tee
779:or
640:BSP
638:to
636:NPT
541:NPT
488:or
200:by
146:,
114:,
112:gas
58:or
4234::
2990:.
2941:.
2895:.
2869:.
2851:.
2833:.
2775:^
2758:.
2740:.
2690:^
2680:.
2662:.
2636:.
2611:.
2586:.
2560:.
2534:.
2489:.
2460:^
2392:.
2357:.
2331:.
2301:.
2277:.
1852:,
1840:,
1717:.
1612:,
1608:,
1543:A
1524:.
1500:A
1298:A
1265:A
1224:.
1202:.
1078:A
983:.
976:.
936:,
911:A
804:,
767:A
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496:,
471:;
432:,
428:,
154:.
142:,
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2500:.
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2361:.
2343:.
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898:.
536:4
532:3
440:)
275:)
271:(
267:.
257:.
227:)
221:(
216:)
212:(
208:.
194:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
