1711:, and they may be afforded other special protections. For example, in some states a parent or guardian must be present during police questioning, or their names may be kept confidential when they are accused of a crime. For many crimes (especially more violent crimes), the age at which a minor may be tried as an adult is variable below the age of 18 or (less often) below 16. The death penalty for those who have committed a crime while under the age of 18 was discontinued by the
1072:
1061:
1435:
1571:(but not always) the parents and otherwise the act is voidable. The exceptions are acts by which a minor merely acquires a right or is freed from a duty, acts that are strictly personal, and acts that are suitable to the person's condition in life and are required for their reasonable needs. A minor can make a
2121:"Campaign for Youth Justice, Key Facts: Youth in the Justice System. Washington, D.C.: Campaign for Youth Justice, 2007. Web. May 2011. Citing Woolard, J. "Juveniles within Adult Correctional Settings: Legal Pathways and Developmental Considerations." International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 4.1 (2005)"
1570:
Hence, a minor in
Thailand refers to any person under the age of 20, unless they are married. A minor is restricted from doing juristic acts – for example, signing contracts. When minors wish to do a juristic act, they have to obtain the consent from their legal representative, usually
1725:
The twenty-sixth amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1971, granted all citizens the right to vote in every state, in every election, from the age of 18, reducing the minimum ages for most privileges that had previously been set at 21 (signing contracts, marrying without parental consent,
1759:
minors unless they were less than sixteen years old. In any event, they separated only three of more than a dozen detainees under 16 from the adult prison population. Several dozen detainees between sixteen and eighteen were detained with the adult prison population. Now those under 18 are kept
1664:
or seeing them in a cinema, being depicted in pornographic materials, suing without a litigant friend, being civilly liable, accessing adoption records and purchasing alcohol, tobacco products, knives and fireworks. The rules on minimum age for sale of these products are frequently broken so in
1785:
Emancipation of minors is a legal mechanism by which a minor is no longer under the control of their parents or guardians, and is given the legal rights associated with adults. Depending on country, emancipation may happen in different manners: through
1668:
Driving certain large vehicles, acting as personal license holder for licensed premises, and adopting a child are permitted only upon the age of 21. The minimum age to drive a HGV1 vehicle was reduced to 18. However, certain vehicles, e.g.,
1704:), people under the age of 21 may also sometimes be referred to as minors. However, not all minors are considered juveniles in terms of criminal responsibility. As is frequently the case in the United States, the laws vary widely by state.
1721:
in 2005. The court's 5–4 decision was written by
Justice Kennedy and joined by Justices Ginsburg, Stevens, Breyer, and Souter, and cited international law, child developmental science, and many other factors in reaching its conclusion.
1312:
For all provincial laws (such as alcohol and tobacco regulation), the provincial and territorial governments have the power to set the age of majority in their respective province or territory, and the age varies across
1665:
practice drinking and smoking takes place before the age of majority; however many UK shops are tightening restrictions on them by asking for identifying documentation from potentially underage customers.
1375:, Ontario, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, the legal gambling age and the legal drinking age are both 19, while in Alberta, Quebec, and Manitoba it is 18 which is the age of majority.
1390:, law nr. 39 of March 8, 1975, states that a minor is a person under the age of 18. Citizens under the age of 18 may not vote, be elected, obtain a driving license for automobiles or issue or sign
784:
744:
1421:, a minor is referred to as someone under the age of 18. In rare cases minors aged 16 or 17 who are charged with extremely heinous crimes could sometimes be treated as an adult.
1767:, have passed laws that allow a person accused of an extremely heinous crime, such as murder, to be tried as an adult, regardless of age. These laws have been challenged by the
1977:
1858:
2043:
754:
667:
622:
2102:
726:
2120:
678:
1656:
Things that persons under 18 are prohibited from doing include sitting on a jury, voting, standing as a candidate, buying or renting films with an
995:
1103:
1000:
1617:
by the Age of
Majority Act (Northern Ireland) 1969 - (which directly corresponds to the former legislation, enacted in England and Wales). In
1378:
Under cannabis laws, a minor means anyone under 19 in the country except for Quebec which has a legal age of 21, and
Alberta which is age 18.
317:
2192:
1738:
1650:
990:
341:
290:
1726:
termination of legal parental custody) to 18, with the exception of drinking, which had been raised to 21 around the 1980s due to teen
1661:
794:
1928:
1657:
1622:
1242:
a minor is defined as a person under the age of 18. In the United States, where the age of majority is set by individual states, "
2356:
2029:
1904:
300:
960:
859:
2073:
Gaines, Larry K and Roger Leroy Miller. "Criminal
Justice in Action" 4th ed., Thompson Wadsworth Publishing, 2007. Pg 495
1164:
often refer to those under the age of majority, but may also refer to a person under other legal age limits, such as the
248:
1634:
in
England and Wales and in Northern Ireland is 10; and 12 in Scotland, formerly 8, which was the lowest age in Europe.
1507:
1631:
1096:
2050:
1479:
1526:
814:
799:
1464:
955:
945:
849:
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212:
1841:
1771:. An estimated 250,000 youth are tried, sentenced, or incarcerated as adults every year across the United States.
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1486:
708:
556:
1768:
1756:
1460:
1251:
1192:
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521:
279:
1293:, the age of majority is also 20 years of age, but most of the rights of adulthood are assumed at lower ages.
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may also be used in contexts that are unconnected to the overall age of majority. For example, the
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upon marriage, provided the marriage is made in accordance with the provisions of
Section 1448.
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31:
8:
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1945:
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Under this distinction, those considered juveniles are usually (but not always) tried in
1686:
1685:
is generally legally defined as a person under the age of 18. However, in the context of
1405:
Minors aged 16 or 17 who are charged with crimes could sometimes be treated as an adult.
1133:
1030:
1015:
829:
809:
693:
648:
551:
347:
311:
1859:"Zakon o maloletnim učiniocima krivičnih dela i krivičnopravnoj zaštiti maloletnih lica"
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1712:
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411:
323:
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628:
458:
38:
2015:
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1344:
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in the context of tobacco and alcohol law, even if they are at least 18. The terms
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496:
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170:
164:
133:
2083:
1821:
2427:
2406:
2322:
1846:
As used in this section, minor means a person under twenty-one (21) years of age.
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1748:
1592:
1418:
1414:
1129:
1125:
882:
516:
511:
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381:
66:
2170:
1211:
may be entered into, and so on and so forth, may be different from one another.
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1708:
1638:
1550:– A person, on completion of 20 years of age, ceases to be a minor and becomes
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1239:
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1005:
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468:
448:
197:
148:
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1802:. In the United States, all states have some form of emancipation of minors.
1752:
1727:
1368:
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965:
907:
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366:
335:
128:
2001:
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usually refers to someone under 18 but can in some areas (such as alcohol,
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912:
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546:
526:
423:
391:
264:
143:
1673:, require that someone be 21 years of age to obtain an operating license.
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2351:
1670:
1539:
The Civil and
Commercial Code of the Kingdom of Thailand does not define
1402:
In all 31 states, a minor is referred to as someone under the age of 18.
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1290:
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917:
683:
207:
102:
47:
1184:, etc. Such age limits are often different from the age of majority.
2327:
1552:
1394:. Crimes committed in Italy by minors are tried in a juvenile court.
1215:
1040:
1035:
386:
222:
217:
138:
81:
1434:
1950:
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1760:
separate, in line with the age of majority and world expectations.
1690:
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1324:
1282:
1235:
1208:
985:
902:
785:
International Falcon
Movement – Socialist Educational International
653:
428:
371:
1071:
2378:
2317:
2271:
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1328:
1320:
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71:
1790:, attaining economic self-sufficiency, obtaining an educational
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1332:
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1219:
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376:
61:
1625:
sets out that the legal age of capacity within the country is
1152:
is 21, and younger people below this age are sometimes called
2385:
2363:
2341:
2332:
2293:
2230:
1978:"Class XI student to be tried as adult for Ryan boy's Murder"
1387:
1348:
1223:
86:
1199:
to sexual activity, at which school attendance is no longer
1955:
1117:
1826:'Minor' means any person under twenty-one years of age.
1285:, a minor is a person under 20 years of age, and, in
755:
Community
Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth
2002:"Age of Criminal Responsibility (Scotland) Act 2019"
727:
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
2044:"Children and the Scottish Criminal Justice System"
1191:is not sharply defined in most jurisdictions. The
736:Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions
30:"Underage" redirects here. For the TV series, see
2200:
2419:
2032:. youthjusticeagencyni.gov.uk. 2 September 2015.
1747:took the position that they would not consider "
1543:; however, sections 19 and 20 read as follows:
1371:the age of majority is 19. In the provinces of
1128:, which demarcates an underage individual from
996:Legal status of tattooing in European countries
1001:Legal status of tattooing in the United States
2186:
1929:"Drinking age will remain 19 in Saskatchewan"
1343:have the age of majority set at 18, while in
1097:
242:
1124:is someone under a certain age, usually the
318:History of youth rights in the United States
27:Person below a certain age prescribed by law
1935:. (March 8, 2013). Retrieved June 13, 2015.
1739:Minors detained in the global war on terror
1605:set the age of majority in both nations at
1463:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
991:French petition against age of consent laws
342:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
2193:
2179:
1104:
1090:
249:
235:
1774:
1623:Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991
1527:Learn how and when to remove this message
795:National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign
1136:and application, but it is commonly 12.
745:Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission
291:Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
2103:"Files Reveal Many Inmates Were Minors"
2100:
2030:"Youth justice – Department of Justice"
1975:
1836:
1834:
1816:
1814:
14:
2420:
2174:
2150:
1289:, a person under 19 years of age. In
301:Convention on the Rights of the Child
2101:Schmitz, Gregor Peter (April 2011).
1976:Coleman, Bennet & (2017-12-21).
1831:
1811:
1461:adding citations to reliable sources
1428:
961:Ages of consent in the United States
860:World Federation of Democratic Youth
1132:. The age of majority depends upon
24:
1632:The age of criminal responsibility
25:
2449:
2166:
2157:LII / Legal Information Institute
2151:Staff, L. I. I. (6 August 2007).
2088:LII / Legal Information Institute
1681:In the United States as of 1971,
1578:
815:Students for a Democratic Society
800:National Youth Rights Association
2016:"Age of criminal responsibility"
1798:, or participating in a form of
1676:
1613:, the age of majority is set at
1433:
1070:
1059:
956:Ages of consent in South America
946:Ages of consent in North America
850:Young Communist League of Canada
775:High School Democrats of America
213:Men in early childhood education
2144:
2113:
2094:
2084:"Roper v. Simmons (No. 03-633)"
2076:
2067:
2036:
2022:
2008:
1757:Guantanamo Bay detainment camps
1637:In England and Wales, cases of
1994:
1969:
1938:
1922:
1897:
1876:
1851:
1769:American Civil Liberties Union
1193:age of criminal responsibility
522:Behavior modification facility
280:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
37:. For the music festival, see
13:
1:
2202:Development of the human body
1842:"Offenses Against the Family"
1805:
1732:Mothers Against Drunk Driving
1296:
1214:In many countries, including
840:Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor
780:Indian Youth Climate Network
594:Human rights and youth sport
7:
1424:
770:Global Youth Action Network
679:Underage drinking in the US
10:
2454:
1884:"Age of Majority Act 1970"
1778:
1745:U.S. Department of Defense
1736:
1651:Young Offender Institution
1641:are often dealt with by a
1603:Family Law Reform Act 1969
1582:
1308:Youth Criminal Justice Act
1305:
951:Ages of consent in Oceania
855:Young Democrats of America
286:Child Labor Deterrence Act
157:Institutions and standards
29:
2394:
2302:
2244:
2208:
1397:
1301:
1209:legally-binding contracts
941:Ages of consent in Europe
835:Youth International Party
740:Canadian Youth for Choice
434:Taking Children Seriously
124:Early childhood education
2153:"Emancipation of Minors"
1824:. State of Connecticut.
1585:Law of England and Wales
1408:
1381:
1254:) mean under 21. In the
1195:, of ability to legally
532:Children in the military
407:Intergenerational equity
330:Newsboys' strike of 1899
306:Fair Labor Standards Act
1905:"Age of Majority Table"
1763:Some states, including
1730:cases protested by the
1639:minors breaking the law
1589:Law of Northern Ireland
1575:at the age of fifteen.
936:Ages of consent in Asia
805:One World Youth Project
689:Youth-adult partnership
203:Child Online Protection
1844:. State of Tennessee.
1781:Emancipation of minors
1775:Emancipation of minors
1258:system a minor may be
1203:and thus a person may
584:Emancipation of minors
454:Youth detention center
296:Kids Online Safety Act
1649:, they are sent to a
1583:Further information:
1353:Northwest Territories
507:Age of consent reform
1822:"Liquor Control Act"
1643:youth offending team
1457:improve this section
1341:Prince Edward Island
604:Juvenile delinquency
542:Compulsory education
492:Adolescent sexuality
402:Free-range parenting
116:Educational settings
108:Pre-school playgroup
1031:Liberation theology
1016:Youth Olympic Games
830:UK Youth Parliament
825:Three O'Clock Lobby
810:Queer Youth Network
694:Youth participation
649:Minors and abortion
634:Minimum driving age
552:Corporal punishment
348:Wild in the Streets
312:Hammer v. Dagenhart
2357:Emerging adulthood
1982:The Times of India
1713:U.S. Supreme Court
1697:legal drinking age
1562:– A minor becomes
1077:Society portal
704:Youth unemployment
659:School leaving age
619:Legal drinking age
439:Universal suffrage
412:Future generations
324:Morse v. Frederick
2415:
2414:
2279:Adult development
2257:Child development
1755:detention in the
1599:England and Wales
1537:
1536:
1529:
1511:
1419:union territories
1392:legal instruments
1114:
1113:
820:Freechild Project
629:Legal working age
459:Youth empowerment
259:
258:
39:Underage Festival
16:(Redirected from
2445:
2395:Social and legal
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2188:
2181:
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2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2126:. Archived from
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2117:
2111:
2110:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2049:. Archived from
2048:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1942:
1936:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1907:. Archived from
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1800:military service
1749:enemy combatants
1718:Roper v. Simmons
1611:Northern Ireland
1532:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1476:"Minor" law
1469:
1437:
1429:
1345:British Columbia
1256:criminal justice
1170:marriageable age
1106:
1099:
1092:
1075:
1074:
1063:
1062:
1011:Students' rights
976:Direct democracy
765:Future Coalition
639:Marriageable age
599:In loco parentis
497:Age of candidacy
397:Fear of children
261:
260:
251:
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171:In loco parentis
165:Child protection
134:Pre-kindergarten
95:Outside the home
44:
43:
21:
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2417:
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2407:Age of majority
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2236:Gestational age
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2068:
2059:
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2053:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2037:
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2027:
2023:
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2013:
2009:
2000:
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1995:
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1944:
1943:
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1863:www.paragraf.rs
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1662:R18 certificate
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1593:Law of Scotland
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1438:
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1187:The concept of
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1126:age of majority
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898:Koroknay-Palicz
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517:Age of marriage
512:Age of majority
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464:Youth exclusion
382:Criminalization
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361:Theory/concepts
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67:Extended family
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2347:Preadolescence
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2167:External links
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1993:
1968:
1937:
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1779:Main article:
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1737:Main article:
1709:juvenile court
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1658:18 certificate
1645:. If they are
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699:Youth politics
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2133:on 2013-05-22
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1728:drunk driving
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1472:Find sources:
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1447:
1442:This section
1440:
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2438:Juvenile law
2401:
2374:Middle adult
2309:Early years
2209:Before birth
2156:
2146:
2135:. Retrieved
2128:the original
2115:
2106:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2058:. Retrieved
2051:the original
2038:
2024:
2010:
1996:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1949:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:the original
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1878:
1867:. Retrieved
1865:(in Serbian)
1862:
1853:
1845:
1825:
1784:
1762:
1742:
1724:
1716:
1706:
1701:gambling age
1694:
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1671:steamrollers
1667:
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1647:incarcerated
1636:
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1497:
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1471:
1455:Please help
1443:
1412:
1404:
1401:
1385:
1377:
1373:Saskatchewan
1361:Newfoundland
1337:Saskatchewan
1319:
1311:
1276:
1243:
1213:
1205:leave school
1188:
1186:
1161:
1157:
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1146:drinking age
1137:
1134:jurisdiction
1121:
1115:
1065:Youth rights
1021:Youth sports
750:Common Cents
709:Youth voting
668:U.S. history
643:
623:U.S. history
614:Juvenile law
589:Gambling age
547:Conscription
527:Child labour
424:Social class
392:Ephebiphobia
346:
334:
322:
310:
278:
265:Youth rights
176:
169:
144:Kindergarten
32:
2379:Elder adult
2369:Young adult
2352:Adolescence
2216:Development
2107:Der Spiegel
1961:7 September
1609:. While in
1365:Nova Scotia
1291:New Zealand
1287:South Korea
1272:as an adult
1207:, at which
1182:working age
1174:driving age
971:Anti-racism
760:DoSomething
664:Smoking age
644:Minor (law)
579:Child abuse
474:Youth voice
444:Unschooling
419:Paternalism
193:Child abuse
35:(TV series)
2422:Categories
2289:Senescence
2137:2013-04-02
2060:2013-01-21
1987:2017-12-23
1915:2009-11-26
1869:2021-07-31
1806:References
1751:" held in
1560:Section 20
1548:Section 19
1487:newspapers
1413:In all 28
1297:By country
1238:, and the
1201:compulsory
1178:voting age
1026:Youth wing
684:Voting age
273:Activities
208:Family law
77:Babysitter
2433:Childhood
2364:Adulthood
2328:Childhood
1564:sui juris
1553:sui juris
1517:July 2023
1444:does not
1216:Australia
1041:Socialism
1036:Communism
562:at school
387:Democracy
223:Parenting
218:Orphanage
139:Preschool
82:Governess
48:Childcare
1951:WIPO Lex
1946:"Italie"
1933:CBC News
1889:9 August
1788:marriage
1691:gambling
1619:Scotland
1425:Thailand
1325:Manitoba
1283:Thailand
1266:either "
1264:punished
1252:handguns
1248:gambling
1236:Colombia
1158:underage
986:Feminism
878:Fletcher
790:Mermaids
654:Restavec
429:Suffrage
372:Adultism
33:Underage
18:Underage
2318:Toddler
2272:Puberty
1796:diploma
1765:Florida
1687:alcohol
1501:scholar
1465:removed
1450:sources
1357:Nunavut
1329:Ontario
1321:Alberta
1232:Croatia
1197:consent
1148:in the
1142:smoking
1046:Marxism
930:Related
913:Postman
557:at home
185:Related
103:Daycare
72:Au pair
62:Parents
54:At home
2428:Ageism
2313:Infant
2303:Phases
2284:Ageing
2262:Stages
2226:Embryo
2221:Zygote
1792:degree
1693:laws (
1621:, the
1601:, the
1591:, and
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1417:and 8
1415:states
1398:Mexico
1367:, and
1339:, and
1333:Quebec
1315:Canada
1302:Canada
1279:Taiwan
1270:" or "
1250:, and
1244:minor"
1228:Brazil
1220:Serbia
1154:minors
883:Hanson
872:People
574:Curfew
567:in law
486:Issues
377:Ageism
2402:Minor
2386:Dying
2342:Youth
2333:Child
2294:Death
2267:Early
2252:Birth
2231:Fetus
2131:(PDF)
2124:(PDF)
2054:(PDF)
2047:(PDF)
1715:case
1683:minor
1541:minor
1508:JSTOR
1494:books
1409:India
1388:Italy
1382:Italy
1349:Yukon
1260:tried
1224:India
1189:minor
1162:minor
1138:Minor
1122:minor
908:Males
888:Henry
177:Minor
87:Nanny
1963:2012
1956:WIPO
1891:2016
1743:The
1699:and
1695:see
1573:will
1480:news
1448:any
1446:cite
1281:and
1262:and
1144:and
1120:, a
918:Yaco
903:Duff
893:Holt
336:Prez
1794:or
1689:or
1660:or
1627:16.
1597:In
1459:by
1386:In
1277:In
1274:".
1160:or
1118:law
1116:In
732:Akt
2424::
2155:.
2105:.
2086:.
1980:.
1954:.
1948:.
1931:.
1861:.
1833:^
1813:^
1734:.
1653:.
1615:18
1607:18
1587:,
1363:,
1359:,
1355:,
1351:,
1347:,
1335:,
1331:,
1327:,
1323:,
1317:.
1240:UK
1234:,
1230:,
1226:,
1222:,
1218:,
1180:,
1176:,
1172:,
1168:,
2194:e
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2180:v
2159:.
2140:.
2109:.
2090:.
2063:.
2018:.
2004:.
1990:.
1965:.
1918:.
1893:.
1872:.
1556:.
1530:)
1524:(
1519:)
1515:(
1505:·
1498:·
1491:·
1484:·
1467:.
1453:.
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670:)
666:(
625:)
621:(
250:e
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20:)
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