1437:"The Young Misses Magazine:: Containing Dialogues Between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality, Her Scholars. : In which Each Lady is Made to Speak According to Her Particular Genius, Temper, and Inclination: Their Several Faults are Pointed Out, and the Easy Way to Mend Them, as Well as to Think, and Speak, and Act Properly; No Less Care Being Taken to Form Their Hearts to Goodness, Than to Enlighten Their Understandings with Useful Knowledge. : A Short and Clear Abridgement is Also Given of Sacred and Profane History, and Some Lessons in Geography. : The Useful is Blended Throughout with the Agreeable, the Whole Being Interspersed with Proper Reflections and Moral Tales. Vol. I[-II]"
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which meant that she was subject to their rules. In any case, she had to maintain an impeccable reputation by avoiding anything which could embarrass or offend her employers. If a particular governess was young and beautiful, the lady of the house might well perceive a potential threat to her marriage and enforce the governess's social exclusion more rigorously. As a result of these various restrictions, the lifestyle of the typical
Victorian governess was often one of social isolation and solitude, without the opportunity to make friends. The fact that her presence in the household was underpinned by an employment contract emphasized that she could never truly be part of the host family.
486:
38:
427:), due to perhaps the death of their father or both of their parents, or the failure of the family business, and had no relatives willing to take them in. Her position was often depicted as one to be pitied, and the only way out of it was to get married. It was difficult for a governess to find a suitable husband because most of the eligible men she encountered were her social superiors, who preferred a bride from within their own social class, particularly since such women generally had better financial resources.
95:
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or aristocracy. She herself had a middle-class background and education, yet was paid for her services. As a sign of this social limbo, she frequently ate on her own, away from the rest of the family and servants. By definition, a governess was an unmarried woman who lived in someone else's home,
755:(1815) opens with the eponymous heroine losing Miss Taylor, the governess who had become a family companion, to marriage with Mr. Weston. Later, Jane Fairfax feels the threat of being forced to become a governess if her covert attachment to Frank Churchill all comes to nothing.
369:
Australia. There has been a recent resurgence amongst wealthy families worldwide to employ governesses or full-time tutors. The reasons for this include personal security, the benefits of a tailored education, and the flexibility to travel or live in multiple locations.
1273:
Life in Old
Virginia; A Description of Virginia More Particularly the Tidewater Section, Narrating Many Incidents Relating to the Manners and Customs of Old Virginia so Fast Disappearing As a Result of the War between the States, Together with Many Humorous
422:
However, being a governess was one of the few legitimate ways by which an unmarried, middle-class woman could support herself in
Victorian society. The majority of governesses were women whose fortunes had drastically declined (e.g.
394:(usually the more ladylike watercolours rather than oils) or poetry. It was also possible for other (usually male) teachers with specialist knowledge and skills to be brought in, such as a drawing master or dancing master.
1541:
512:, became his mistress and the mother of his Beaufort children; after some time, the couple married, and eventually the children were legitimised. She was a great-great grandmother of
339:, the primary role of a governess is teaching, rather than meeting the physical needs of children; hence a governess is usually in charge of school-aged children, rather than babies.
461:, as many as thousands of English-speaking governesses went there. The estimate of numbers ('thousands'), although necessarily vague, is justified by some knowledge of the main
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for months at a time, and varied across time and countries. Governesses were usually in charge of girls and younger boys. When a boy was old enough, he left his governess for a
346:, especially in the countryside where no suitable school existed nearby and when parents preferred to educate their children at home rather than send them away to
106:, the title figure (seated right, with her charge) exhibits the modest dress and deportment appropriate to her quasi-invisible role in the Victorian household.
691:(1867–1934), who worked as a governess in multiple households to fund her education, later became one of the most influential women in the history of science.
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335:, who teaches and trains a child or children in their home. A governess often lives in the same residence as the children she is teaching. In contrast to a
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An option for the more adventurous was to find an appointment abroad. There is also some allusion to the phenomenon of governesses being engaged abroad in
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Once a governess's charges grew up, she had to seek a new position, or, exceptionally, might be retained by a grown daughter as a
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women to the young girls under their care, such as French or another language, the piano or another musical instrument, and often
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Madame de la
Rougierre is the wicked and mentally unbalanced French governess to heiress orphan Maud Ruthyn in
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595:, worked as a governess in the household of the Anglo-Irish Kingsborough family, where she greatly influenced
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Several well-known works of fiction, particularly in the nineteenth century, have focused on governesses.
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Peterson, M. Jeanne (1972). "The
Victorian Governess: Status Incongruence in Family and Society". In
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When Miss Emmie was in Russia: English
Governesses before, during and after the October Revolution
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When Miss Emmie was in Russia: English
Governesses before, during and after the October Revolution
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891:(1938), the title character is a life-long governess who unexpectedly finds other employment.
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947:(2002) features a clever woman, Sugar, who climbs improbably from prostitution to governess
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634:(1794–1860), who became a well-known British writer on a range of subjects including early
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779:(1847), serves as a governess to the ward of her future husband, Edward Fairfax Rochester.
8:
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Maggie Evans/Victoria
Winters is hired to be governess to David Collins in the 2012 film
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Containing
Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars
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832:'s most famous governess is the over-sensitive and perhaps hysterical protagonist in
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The position of governess used to be common in affluent
European families before the
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960:(2003–2007), the title character's orphaned friend is brought up to be a governess.
901:
series of novels, features Maud Silver as a governess turned private enquiry agent.
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the same year portrays a more realistic view of what life for a governess was like.
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spends recreation time playing the role of a governess, Lucille Davenport, on the
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A Governess in the Age of Jane Austen: The Journals and Letters of Agnes Porter
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469:, and by the places of worship they preferentially frequented, for example
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featured the character Victoria Winters as the governess to David Collins.
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Traveling teachers in Europe: Gouvernanten, governesses, and gouvernantes
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Return of the governess as parents look to give children exam advantage
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665:(1865–1915) worked first as a governess before she trained as a nurse
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647:(King of what is now Thailand). Her memoirs were later novelised as
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932:(2001) features Arabella Minton as governess to the main character.
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Desert Governess: An Inside View on the Saudi Arabian Royal Family
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proved to be a relatively well-paid option for many. According to
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19:
For the obsolete term for an executive governing official, see
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Other People's Daughters: The Lives And Times Of The Governess
564:(1758–1840), from her mid-teens governess to the daughters of
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336:
152:
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as governess to his illegitimate offspring, the children of
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as the eponymous English governess in pre-Peron Argentina.
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stories tell the tales of governesses: Violet Hunter, in "
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The Victorian Governess, a bibliography, at Victorian Web
1545:
740:(1749) is a collection of short stories for children, by
465:
used by those not accommodated with their host families,
1619:, Richard Redgrave's 'The Governess' discussed at the
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McDonald, James Joseph, and J. A. C. Chandler (1907).
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826:(1878), had an affair with his children's governess.
410:nor a member of the host family. She worked in the
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1310:
605:(1768–1833), artist, governess to the children of
589:(1759–1797), author of the early feminist classic
473:. Pitcher drew extensively on the archives of the
16:Woman employed as a teacher in a private household
1234:A career as a Governess? What skills do you need?
1628:
1465:Five Years' Church Work in the Kingdom of Hawaii
1585:Suffer and Be Still: Women In the Victorian Age
820:Stiva, the brother of the eponymous heroine in
1521:
1093:was a governess to Captain Latimer's children.
438:British governesses outside the United Kingdom
1441:The Young Misses Magazine at books.google.com
1277:. Norfold, Va: Old Virginia Pub. Co. p.
546:(1635–1719), who became the last mistress of
308:
1291:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
763:The Governess, or The Little Female Academy
737:The Governess, or The Little Female Academy
697:(1905–1987), the real-life inspiration for
653:, which in turn inspired the musical drama
572:. She was succeeded in this second post by
526:(1473–1541), governess to the future Queen
1403:
622:Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland
576:, whose memoirs were reprinted in 1998 as
315:
301:
1587:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
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1362:
1110:" is used for men or women. For example,
357:Governesses are rarer now, except within
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
1578:
1407:(1938). "Curie, Maria ze Skłodowskich".
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1304:
1302:
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536:(circa 1502 – 1565), governess to Queen
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397:
93:
45:This article includes a list of general
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1317:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1312:"Bennett, Sarah (1797–1861), governess"
875:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
643:(1831–1915), governess to the harem of
624:(1787–1866), governesses to the future
613:while the family lived on the Continent
406:household, the governess was neither a
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804:(1847–48), is employed as a governess.
709:("Crawfie") (1909–1988), governess of
508:– 1403), governess to the children of
480:
1522:Broughton, Trev; Symes, Ruth (1997).
1299:
1207:
851:The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist
1162:English Nanny & Governess School
592:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
524:Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury
471:the church associated with the House
31:
1410:Polski słownik biograficzny, vol. 4
1238:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1196:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1102:The term "governess" is an archaic
847:The Adventure of the Copper Beeches
794:Becky Sharp, the main character in
568:, and from 1780 to the children of
475:Governesses' Benevolent Institution
378:Traditionally, governesses taught "
13:
1642:Education and training occupations
1506:
1462:Staley, Thomas Nettleship (1868).
913:series features a governess named
51:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1663:
1605:
985:Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont
1146:
1136:, is nicknamed "The Governess".
1106:for a politician; now the word "
1046:
279:Men in early childhood education
36:
1455:
1429:
1417:
976:(2006) develops parallels with
944:The Crimson Petal and the White
530:. They were also third cousins.
1488:"The Chase – Meet the Chasers"
1382:
1346:
1263:
1243:
1226:
1201:
1179:
888:Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day
677:, who educated the remarkable
493:with their governess, c. 1885.
365:and in remote regions such as
361:or royal families such as the
1:
1552:, retrieved: March 25, 2021 (
1550:Institute of European History
1546:EGO – European History Online
1425:The Victorian Governess Novel
1309:McDermid, Jane (2004-09-23),
1172:
1097:
864:Dante serves as governess to
502:
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359:large and wealthy households
7:
1524:The Governess: An Anthology
1319:, Oxford University Press,
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796:William Makepeace Thackeray
761:wrote a revised version of
671:(1866–1936), the so-called
10:
1668:
999:
578:A Governess in the Age of
467:St. Andrew's House, Moscow
223:Institutions and standards
18:
1423:Lecaros, Cecilia Wadsö.
1413:(in Polish). p. 112.
1077:The Victorian version of
993:The Young Misses Magazine
991:, which was published in
861:, used to be a governess.
849:", and Violet Smith, in "
726:
650:Anna and the King of Siam
331:is a woman employed as a
190:Early childhood education
1560:Hughes, Kathryn (1993).
1368:Pitcher, Harvey (1977).
1124:, one of the Chasers on
1017:written and directed by
929:Journey to the River Sea
1562:The Victorian Governess
1540:Budde, Gunilla (2018),
1356:(London, D. Verschoyle)
1354:A galaxy of governesses
1208:Ellis, Phyllis (2000).
809:Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu
444:A galaxy of governesses
373:
269:Child Online Protection
66:more precise citations.
1513:Brandon, Ruth (2008).
1325:10.1093/ref:odnb/49144
550:, gained entry to his
538:Elizabeth I of England
518:Lady Margaret Beaufort
494:
107:
21:Governess (government)
1564:. London: Hambledon.
1389:Porter, Anne (1998).
1212:. London: Eye Books.
835:The Turn of the Screw
771:, the protagonist in
632:Anna Brownell Jameson
607:Georgiana Hare-Naylor
491:Alexander Graham Bell
488:
398:In the United Kingdom
97:
1647:Gendered occupations
1186:A Governess's Duties
868:and his siblings in
759:Mary Martha Sherwood
514:Henry VII of England
182:Educational settings
174:Pre-school playgroup
23:. For the film, see
1405:Estreicher, Tadeusz
1130:Australian versions
1116:governess of Hawaii
973:The Thirteenth Tale
957:Gemma Doyle Trilogy
611:Francis Hare-Naylor
587:Mary Wollstonecraft
556:Madame de Montespan
548:Louis XIV of France
544:Madame de Maintenon
516:through his mother
481:Notable governesses
1526:. Stroud: Sutton.
1352:Howe, Bea (1954):
1240:, 15 October 2004.
1104:gendered job title
1087:Christmas special
1064:Star Trek: Voyager
1010:is a 1998 British
940:historical fiction
895:Patricia Wentworth
777:novel of that name
711:Queen Elizabeth II
700:The Sound of Music
499:Katherine Swynford
495:
363:Saudi royal family
108:
1334:978-0-19-861412-8
1114:was known as the
1019:Sandra Goldbacher
964:Diane Setterfield
715:Princess Margaret
528:Mary I of England
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1101:
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1081:in the 2012
1079:Clara Oswald
1062:
1055:Dark Shadows
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1027:Dark Shadows
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552:inner circle
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380:the three Rs
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1652:Governesses
1126:the British
1090:The Snowmen
1052:Soap opera
987:'s writing
899:Miss Silver
870:James Joyce
841:Two of the
830:Henry James
814:Uncle Silas
801:Vanity Fair
789:Anne Brontë
747:Jane Austen
689:Marie Curie
580:Jane Austen
566:Lady Martin
506: 1350
477:in London.
384:upper-class
259:Child abuse
64:introducing
1631:Categories
1472:31 October
1447:8 December
1378:1906011494
1340:2023-04-20
1173:References
1098:Other uses
1084:Doctor Who
1067:, Captain
1015:drama film
952:Libba Bray
784:Agnes Grey
534:Kat Ashley
274:Family law
143:Babysitter
72:April 2009
47:references
1617:VAM.ac.uk
1548:, Mainz:
1287:cite book
1134:The Chase
1035:Miss Mary
978:Jane Eyre
910:Discworld
885:'s novel
798:'s novel
769:Jane Eyre
749:'s novel
722:Fictional
616:Baroness
404:Victorian
329:governess
289:Parenting
284:Orphanage
205:Preschool
148:Governess
114:Childcare
1140:See also
1108:governor
1073:holodeck
765:in 1820.
636:feminism
392:painting
1583:(ed.).
1494:28 July
1274:Stories
1000:In film
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414:of the
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128:Parents
120:At home
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