1448:"The Young Misses Magazine:: Containing Dialogues Between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality, Her Scholars. : In which Each Lady is Made to Speak According to Her Particular Genius, Temper, and Inclination: Their Several Faults are Pointed Out, and the Easy Way to Mend Them, as Well as to Think, and Speak, and Act Properly; No Less Care Being Taken to Form Their Hearts to Goodness, Than to Enlighten Their Understandings with Useful Knowledge. : A Short and Clear Abridgement is Also Given of Sacred and Profane History, and Some Lessons in Geography. : The Useful is Blended Throughout with the Agreeable, the Whole Being Interspersed with Proper Reflections and Moral Tales. Vol. I[-II]"
430:
which meant that she was subject to their rules. In any case, she had to maintain an impeccable reputation by avoiding anything which could embarrass or offend her employers. If a particular governess was young and beautiful, the lady of the house might well perceive a potential threat to her marriage and enforce the governess's social exclusion more rigorously. As a result of these various restrictions, the lifestyle of the typical
Victorian governess was often one of social isolation and solitude, without the opportunity to make friends. The fact that her presence in the household was underpinned by an employment contract emphasized that she could never truly be part of the host family.
497:
49:
438:), due to perhaps the death of their father or both of their parents, or the failure of the family business, and had no relatives willing to take them in. Her position was often depicted as one to be pitied, and the only way out of it was to get married. It was difficult for a governess to find a suitable husband because most of the eligible men she encountered were her social superiors, who preferred a bride from within their own social class, particularly since such women generally had better financial resources.
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or aristocracy. She herself had a middle-class background and education, yet was paid for her services. As a sign of this social limbo, she frequently ate on her own, away from the rest of the family and servants. By definition, a governess was an unmarried woman who lived in someone else's home,
766:(1815) opens with the eponymous heroine losing Miss Taylor, the governess who had become a family companion, to marriage with Mr. Weston. Later, Jane Fairfax feels the threat of being forced to become a governess if her covert attachment to Frank Churchill all comes to nothing.
380:
Australia. There has been a recent resurgence amongst wealthy families worldwide to employ governesses or full-time tutors. The reasons for this include personal security, the benefits of a tailored education, and the flexibility to travel or live in multiple locations.
1284:
Life in Old
Virginia; A Description of Virginia More Particularly the Tidewater Section, Narrating Many Incidents Relating to the Manners and Customs of Old Virginia so Fast Disappearing As a Result of the War between the States, Together with Many Humorous
433:
However, being a governess was one of the few legitimate ways by which an unmarried, middle-class woman could support herself in
Victorian society. The majority of governesses were women whose fortunes had drastically declined (e.g.
405:(usually the more ladylike watercolours rather than oils) or poetry. It was also possible for other (usually male) teachers with specialist knowledge and skills to be brought in, such as a drawing master or dancing master.
1552:
523:, became his mistress and the mother of his Beaufort children; after some time, the couple married, and eventually the children were legitimised. She was a great-great grandmother of
350:, the primary role of a governess is teaching, rather than meeting the physical needs of children; hence a governess is usually in charge of school-aged children, rather than babies.
472:, as many as thousands of English-speaking governesses went there. The estimate of numbers ('thousands'), although necessarily vague, is justified by some knowledge of the main
361:
for months at a time, and varied across time and countries. Governesses were usually in charge of girls and younger boys. When a boy was old enough, he left his governess for a
357:, especially in the countryside where no suitable school existed nearby and when parents preferred to educate their children at home rather than send them away to
117:, the title figure (seated right, with her charge) exhibits the modest dress and deportment appropriate to her quasi-invisible role in the Victorian household.
702:(1867–1934), who worked as a governess in multiple households to fund her education, later became one of the most influential women in the history of science.
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346:, who teaches and trains a child or children in their home. A governess often lives in the same residence as the children she is teaching. In contrast to a
453:
An option for the more adventurous was to find an appointment abroad. There is also some allusion to the phenomenon of governesses being engaged abroad in
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Once a governess's charges grew up, she had to seek a new position, or, exceptionally, might be retained by a grown daughter as a
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women to the young girls under their care, such as French or another language, the piano or another musical instrument, and often
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Madame de la
Rougierre is the wicked and mentally unbalanced French governess to heiress orphan Maud Ruthyn in
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606:, worked as a governess in the household of the Anglo-Irish Kingsborough family, where she greatly influenced
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393:" (reading, writing, and arithmetic) to young children. They also taught the "accomplishments" expected of
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Several well-known works of fiction, particularly in the nineteenth century, have focused on governesses.
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Peterson, M. Jeanne (1972). "The
Victorian Governess: Status Incongruence in Family and Society". In
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When Miss Emmie was in Russia: English
Governesses before, during and after the October Revolution
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When Miss Emmie was in Russia: English
Governesses before, during and after the October Revolution
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902:(1938), the title character is a life-long governess who unexpectedly finds other employment.
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958:(2002) features a clever woman, Sugar, who climbs improbably from prostitution to governess
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645:(1794–1860), who became a well-known British writer on a range of subjects including early
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790:(1847), serves as a governess to the ward of her future husband, Edward Fairfax Rochester.
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Maggie Evans/Victoria
Winters is hired to be governess to David Collins in the 2012 film
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Containing
Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars
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843:'s most famous governess is the over-sensitive and perhaps hysterical protagonist in
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The position of governess used to be common in affluent
European families before the
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1164:
971:(2003–2007), the title character's orphaned friend is brought up to be a governess.
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series of novels, features Maud Silver as a governess turned private enquiry agent.
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the same year portrays a more realistic view of what life for a governess was like.
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spends recreation time playing the role of a governess, Lucille Davenport, on the
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A Governess in the Age of Jane Austen: The Journals and Letters of Agnes Porter
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featured the character Victoria Winters as the governess to David Collins.
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Traveling teachers in Europe: Gouvernanten, governesses, and gouvernantes
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Return of the governess as parents look to give children exam advantage
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658:(King of what is now Thailand). Her memoirs were later novelised as
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943:(2001) features Arabella Minton as governess to the main character.
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Desert Governess: An Inside View on the Saudi Arabian Royal Family
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proved to be a relatively well-paid option for many. According to
655:
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148:
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30:
For the obsolete term for an executive governing official, see
1526:
Other People's Daughters: The Lives And Times Of The Governess
575:(1758–1840), from her mid-teens governess to the daughters of
362:
347:
163:
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as governess to his illegitimate offspring, the children of
1053:
as the eponymous English governess in pre-Peron Argentina.
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stories tell the tales of governesses: Violet Hunter, in "
1623:
The Victorian Governess, a bibliography, at Victorian Web
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751:(1749) is a collection of short stories for children, by
476:
used by those not accommodated with their host families,
1630:, Richard Redgrave's 'The Governess' discussed at the
1281:
McDonald, James Joseph, and J. A. C. Chandler (1907).
1154:
837:(1878), had an affair with his children's governess.
421:nor a member of the host family. She worked in the
1491:
1321:
616:(1768–1833), artist, governess to the children of
600:(1759–1797), author of the early feminist classic
484:. Pitcher drew extensively on the archives of the
27:Woman employed as a teacher in a private household
1245:A career as a Governess? What skills do you need?
1639:
1476:Five Years' Church Work in the Kingdom of Hawaii
1596:Suffer and Be Still: Women In the Victorian Age
831:Stiva, the brother of the eponymous heroine in
1532:
1104:was a governess to Captain Latimer's children.
449:British governesses outside the United Kingdom
1452:The Young Misses Magazine at books.google.com
1288:. Norfold, Va: Old Virginia Pub. Co. p.
557:(1635–1719), who became the last mistress of
319:
1302:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
774:The Governess, or The Little Female Academy
748:The Governess, or The Little Female Academy
708:(1905–1987), the real-life inspiration for
664:, which in turn inspired the musical drama
583:. She was succeeded in this second post by
537:(1473–1541), governess to the future Queen
1414:
633:Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland
587:, whose memoirs were reprinted in 1998 as
326:
312:
1598:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1375:
1373:
1121:" is used for men or women. For example,
368:Governesses are rarer now, except within
93:Learn how and when to remove this message
1589:
1418:(1938). "Curie, Maria ze Skłodowskich".
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1315:
1313:
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547:(circa 1502 – 1565), governess to Queen
495:
408:
104:
56:This article includes a list of general
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1328:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1323:"Bennett, Sarah (1797–1861), governess"
886:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
654:(1831–1915), governess to the harem of
635:(1787–1866), governesses to the future
624:while the family lived on the Continent
417:household, the governess was neither a
14:
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991:, including the role of the governess.
815:(1847–48), is employed as a governess.
720:("Crawfie") (1909–1988), governess of
519:– 1403), governess to the children of
491:
1533:Broughton, Trev; Symes, Ruth (1997).
1310:
1218:
862:The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist
1173:English Nanny & Governess School
603:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
535:Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury
482:the church associated with the House
42:
1421:Polski słownik biograficzny, vol. 4
1249:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1207:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1113:The term "governess" is an archaic
858:The Adventure of the Copper Beeches
805:Becky Sharp, the main character in
579:, and from 1780 to the children of
486:Governesses' Benevolent Institution
389:Traditionally, governesses taught "
24:
1653:Education and training occupations
1517:
1473:Staley, Thomas Nettleship (1868).
924:series features a governess named
62:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1674:
1616:
996:Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont
1157:
1147:, is nicknamed "The Governess".
1117:for a politician; now the word "
1057:
290:Men in early childhood education
47:
1466:
1440:
1428:
987:(2006) develops parallels with
955:The Crimson Petal and the White
541:. They were also third cousins.
1499:"The Chase – Meet the Chasers"
1393:
1357:
1274:
1254:
1237:
1212:
1190:
899:Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day
688:, who educated the remarkable
504:with their governess, c. 1885.
376:and in remote regions such as
372:or royal families such as the
13:
1:
1563:, retrieved: March 25, 2021 (
1561:Institute of European History
1557:EGO – European History Online
1436:The Victorian Governess Novel
1320:McDermid, Jane (2004-09-23),
1183:
1108:
875:Dante serves as governess to
513:
732:
370:large and wealthy households
7:
1535:The Governess: An Anthology
1330:, Oxford University Press,
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807:William Makepeace Thackeray
772:wrote a revised version of
682:(1866–1936), the so-called
10:
1679:
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589:A Governess in the Age of
478:St. Andrew's House, Moscow
234:Institutions and standards
29:
1434:Lecaros, Cecilia Wadsö.
1424:(in Polish). p. 112.
1088:The Victorian version of
1004:The Young Misses Magazine
1002:, which was published in
872:, used to be a governess.
860:", and Violet Smith, in "
737:
661:Anna and the King of Siam
342:is a woman employed as a
201:Early childhood education
1571:Hughes, Kathryn (1993).
1379:Pitcher, Harvey (1977).
1135:, one of the Chasers on
1028:written and directed by
940:Journey to the River Sea
1573:The Victorian Governess
1551:Budde, Gunilla (2018),
1367:(London, D. Verschoyle)
1365:A galaxy of governesses
1219:Ellis, Phyllis (2000).
820:Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu
455:A galaxy of governesses
384:
280:Child Online Protection
77:more precise citations.
1524:Brandon, Ruth (2008).
1336:10.1093/ref:odnb/49144
561:, gained entry to his
549:Elizabeth I of England
529:Lady Margaret Beaufort
505:
118:
32:Governess (government)
1575:. London: Hambledon.
1400:Porter, Anne (1998).
1223:. London: Eye Books.
846:The Turn of the Screw
782:, the protagonist in
643:Anna Brownell Jameson
618:Georgiana Hare-Naylor
502:Alexander Graham Bell
499:
409:In the United Kingdom
108:
1658:Gendered occupations
1197:A Governess's Duties
879:and his siblings in
770:Mary Martha Sherwood
525:Henry VII of England
193:Educational settings
185:Pre-school playgroup
34:. For the film, see
1416:Estreicher, Tadeusz
1141:Australian versions
1127:governess of Hawaii
984:The Thirteenth Tale
968:Gemma Doyle Trilogy
622:Francis Hare-Naylor
598:Mary Wollstonecraft
567:Madame de Montespan
559:Louis XIV of France
555:Madame de Maintenon
527:through his mother
492:Notable governesses
1537:. Stroud: Sutton.
1363:Howe, Bea (1954):
1251:, 15 October 2004.
1115:gendered job title
1098:Christmas special
1075:Star Trek: Voyager
1021:is a 1998 British
951:historical fiction
906:Patricia Wentworth
788:novel of that name
722:Queen Elizabeth II
711:The Sound of Music
510:Katherine Swynford
506:
374:Saudi royal family
119:
1345:978-0-19-861412-8
1125:was known as the
1030:Sandra Goldbacher
975:Diane Setterfield
726:Princess Margaret
539:Mary I of England
500:The daughters of
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1058:In television
1052:
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33:
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1503:. Retrieved
1493:
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1475:
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1451:
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1349:, retrieved
1327:
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1192:
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1133:Anne Hegerty
1131:
1123:Keʻelikōlani
1112:
1099:
1093:
1092:in the 2012
1090:Clara Oswald
1073:
1066:Dark Shadows
1064:
1044:
1038:Dark Shadows
1037:
1016:
1003:
999:
988:
982:
966:
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947:Michel Faber
938:
932:Eva Ibbotson
919:
897:
884:
866:Mary Morstan
844:
832:
823:
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793:
773:
761:
746:
741:
709:
694:Helen Keller
683:
674:Edith Cavell
665:
659:
601:
588:
585:Agnes Porter
563:inner circle
469:
459:
454:
452:
440:
432:
412:
399:middle-class
391:the three Rs
388:
367:
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339:
337:
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221:Kindergarten
158:
114:
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1663:Governesses
1137:the British
1101:The Snowmen
1063:Soap opera
998:'s writing
910:Miss Silver
881:James Joyce
852:Two of the
841:Henry James
825:Uncle Silas
812:Vanity Fair
800:Anne Brontë
758:Jane Austen
700:Marie Curie
591:Jane Austen
577:Lady Martin
517: 1350
488:in London.
395:upper-class
270:Child abuse
75:introducing
18:Governesses
1642:Categories
1483:31 October
1458:8 December
1389:1906011494
1351:2023-04-20
1184:References
1109:Other uses
1095:Doctor Who
1078:, Captain
1026:drama film
963:Libba Bray
795:Agnes Grey
545:Kat Ashley
285:Family law
154:Babysitter
83:April 2009
58:references
1628:VAM.ac.uk
1559:, Mainz:
1298:cite book
1145:The Chase
1046:Miss Mary
989:Jane Eyre
921:Discworld
896:'s novel
809:'s novel
780:Jane Eyre
760:'s novel
733:Fictional
627:Baroness
415:Victorian
340:governess
300:Parenting
295:Orphanage
216:Preschool
159:Governess
125:Childcare
1151:See also
1119:governor
1084:holodeck
776:in 1820.
647:feminism
403:painting
1594:(ed.).
1505:28 July
1285:Stories
1011:In film
994:In the
889:(1916).
848:(1898).
828:(1864).
656:Mongkut
425:of the
419:servant
413:In the
378:outback
262:Related
180:Daycare
149:Au pair
139:Parents
131:At home
71:improve
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1023:period
979:gothic
738:Novels
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692:girl
363:tutor
348:nanny
254:Minor
164:Nanny
1600:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1507:2014
1485:2016
1460:2020
1385:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1304:link
1225:ISBN
1139:and
763:Emma
724:and
620:and
460:The
397:and
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1565:pdf
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