285:. Craving for wealth, desire for fame, and longing for power suggest Sanatsugātiýa and is a cause for misery. Knowledge, virtue and faith in fruits of action are a cause of contentment. Dhritarashtra reminds Sanatsujata that the Vedas' declaration that sacrificial ceremonies remove sins and lead to emancipation begs the question of why men should not engage in these practices. Sanat-Sujata replies that there are different paths, all with one goal. There is great inconsistency in the interpretation of these paths. Ceremonies put undue importance to external forms and often ignore the inner self. Dhritarashtra asks if one can achieve emancipation in the afterlife by renouncing everything, but without virtue and righteous actions. Sanatsujata replies that it is the inner state that matters, not outward manifestations. The hymns of the Vedas do not rescue people from the sins they commit. Vice and knowledge can never dwell together. Sanatsujata then outlines twelve virtues one must live by and twelve vices to avoid, followed by three requirements for free, liberated life. In Chapter 44, Sanatsujata suggests that knowledge is the only path to emancipation. In Chapter 45, Sanatsujata suggests that virtuous attributes and actions are the path to gain that knowledge. After the counsel from Sanatsujata, Dhritarashtra retires for the night.
332:
Duryodhana in his chamber, then sets out for Kuru's assembly hall, disregarding all arrangements. Praising the
Pandavas' kind acts and prowess and criticizing the Kurus' cowardice and inferiority, he proposes peace between both parties. Dhritarashtra agrees with his proposal, but Duryodhana, casting his eyes on Radha's son, laughingly ignores it. The great Rishis, including Narada, Kanwa, and Rama, tell him various stories for the change of his opinion, but he, from folly, disregards their words and criticizes Krishna for his harsh words. All of them rebuke Duryodhana for his foolishness and advise to bind and give Duryodhana and his followers to the sons of Kunti. In anger, Duryodhana walks out of court. Gandhari was called into the court. Vindictive, Duryodhana was once more caused to re-enter the court. Gandhari called him a wicked son of an impure soul for his act. Duryodhana once more went out in anger. He made a council with his followers to seize Krishna. Satyaki learns about it and informs Krishna. Krishna laughs at Duryodhana's plan and uses his power of divine illusion to show all of them his prowess and sets out of the court. The parva describes the symbolic story of Garuda to emphasize that peace is better.
161:
drive Arjuna's chariot if war becomes necessary. Duryodhana then went to the son of Rohini of great strength, and approaching him, explained to him his reasons. Balarama refused to take part in battle, as his affection is for both sides. Both sides gather a massive alliance of armies, with the
Pandavas having seven units of troops and Kauravas having eleven units, the Kauravas have a larger army. Upon being serviced and asked by Duryodhana as a boon, Shalya joins the Kauravas' side and subsequently meets Yudhishthira. After learning that Shalya was tricked, Yudhishthira asked Karna to choose him to be his charioteer during the war in the future, and compared his riding skills to Krishna. For their good, and the protection of Arjuna, he must despirit Karna by recounting the praises of Arjuna so that victory can be achieved. Shalya promised him that he will speak to him in war in such contradictory words that will bereft him of pride and valour, and will be easily slain by an antagonist. Yudhishthira convinces Shalya that the Kauravas are in error. Shalya agrees to explain Yudhishthira's position to Duryodhana. Shalya leaves the Pandavas' camp to meet the Kaurava brothers.
355:, Karna's real mother meets him during his prayers near Bhagiratha river, and they talk. She explains what happened when Karna was born and urges him to reconsider his position about the war. Surya confirms Kunti's words. Although addressed by his mother and his father Surya himself, Karna's heart did not yet waver, for he was firmly devoted to truth, and he replies that she abandoned him as soon as he was born, involving risks to life itself, deprived him of Kshatriya rites, and addressed him today, desirous to do good to herself. He cannot change sides now and has frustrated the cherished hopes of Suyodhana, since it is too late for him. This is his chance to fight Arjuna and earn fame and the respect of the world. He promises that, except Arjuna, her other sons shall not be slain by him, even though he has the chance and the number of her sons will never be less than five, with five, either him or Arjuna, just like she pretended to have five sons before war. Kunti trembles with sorrow. Krishna reaches the Pandavas' camp and updates them on his unsuccessful efforts for peace as an envoy.
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allied armies behind the
Pandavas. Bhishma said that he can finish the slaughter in a month. Drona smilingly said that he is old and that his energy and activity have both become weak, but like Bhishma, he estimates that the campaign would take a month, while Kripa estimates two months. Aswatthaman claims that he can annihilate the Pandava army in ten nights. Karna, however, with great overconfidence, said that he can achieve that feat in five days. Bhishma ridicules and mocks Karna. Yudhishthira, learning the news from spies, also asks the same question to Arjuna about the time he will take to annihilate the armies behind the Kauravas. With Vasudeva as his ally, Arjuna said that if he provides and discharges the terrible and mighty weapon he obtained from Mahadeva with enough energy, he can, on his divine car, annihilate all mortals on earth in the twinkling of the eye. No one knows this on the opposite side, but he is restricted to not using it for his own selfish reasons on human beings. The Pandava and Kaurava armies march to the battlefront and face each other for war.
312:, getting provoked by the Pandavas' praises, reminds everyone of the warriors on their side, as well as his own courage and readiness for war. Dhritarashtra asks about kingdoms that have become allies with the Pandavas. Sanjaya provides the details. Duryodhana interjects and provides a list of kingdoms that have allied with the Kauravas and are ready for war. Dhritarashtra asks his son to accept peace and return the kingdom to the Pandavas. Duryodhana mocks and refuses. Bhishma criticizes Karna and says that he wouldn't participate in the war along with low-born suta. Karna promises to not enter the battlefield until Bhishma's fall and tells Duryodhana to be polite with Bhishma and Drona, as they were too old. But the fact is that Bhishma wasn't able to see that both of his grandsons were going to kill each other. Dhritarashtra again asks Duryodhana to choose peace. Duryodhana insists on war.
475:
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first to hold his hand in friendship and give him a kingdom, nor from affection can he leave Radha and
Adiratha, who cared for him from childhood, while Kunti abandoned him without thinking about his future; it would be inglorious for him and his mother, and Yudhisthira was the righteous soul to let him be the king. He also asks Krishna to not reveal his birth secret to his younger brothers, as Yudhisthira may deny the Hastinapura kingdom for Karna and conceal this for the present. Karna repents for his acts in the past for pleasing Duryodhana. He said he knows he will die in the great war being on the unrighteous side, but he cannot leave his friend in distress, so he will challenge Arjuna and will earn great merit or glory. Karna then hugs Krishna and returns to the city. Vidura meets with Partha.
600:
unhampered in his endeavors by either adversity or prosperity. He believes virtue and profit can go together, exerts and acts to the best of his ability, disregards nothing. He understands quickly, listens carefully, acts with purpose. He does not grieve for what is lost, and does not lose his sense during crisis. He is constantly learning, he seeks enlightenment from everything he experiences. He acts after deciding, and decides after thinking. He neither behaves with arrogance, nor with excessive humility. He never speaks ill of others, nor praises himself. He does not exult in honours to himself, nor grieves at insults; he is not agitated by what others do to him just like a calm lake near river Ganges.
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have the power and means to destroy their opponent—get a fair and just deal during peace negotiations. Satyaki recommends that the
Pandavas establish a visibly strong army and slay all of their opponents. Drupada suggests despatching envoys to other virtuous and good kingdoms to build a military alliance for the Pandavas. Krishna approves. Envoys spread out. The kings and Krishna return to their homes. In parallel, Duryodhana, on learning the Pandavas' intentions, started building their alliances for war to weaken the Pandavas to a point that they do not even ask for to get their kingdom back. Both the Pandavas and Kauravas meet Krishna in
409:
for his speech and addresses him harshly, but he is pacified by Arjuna. Uluka gives all the messages he was provided. Each person who listens to the message replies. Yuddhishthira tells Uluka to return with the message he was given by all. Uluka returns to the
Kauravas' camp and delivers the messages from the Pandava camp to him. Duryodhana and Karna arrays their troops to face the army of Pandavas. Yudhishthira moves his army. Dhristadyumna, the commander in chief of the allied Pandava forces, studies the strengths of the enemy and appoints particular warriors on the Pandavas' side to focus on particular warriors on the Kauravas' side.
390:. Rukmi (once a fierce rival of Janarddana) enters the Pandavas' camp and boasts about his ability to slay all of the enemy commanders. Arjuna smilingly boasts that he does not have any ally in any of his fights and he single-handedly defeats everyone, so he has no need of his assistance. Rukmi then goes to talk to Duryodhana, who—proud of his bravery—rejects him in the same way, so he also withdrew from the battle. Dhritarashtra meets Sanjaya, expresses his anxiety, and wonders if the war is one of choice or destiny.
211:, during the exile, and Dhritarashtra must return the kingdom to him to make peace. Yudhishthira suggests to Sanjaya, in Chapter 31 of the parva, that he would accept a smaller kingdom if that would prevent war, further peace. Yudhisthira claims that the Pandavas are ready for peace and for war. Sanjaya returns to Dhritarashtra and urges him to take the path of peace, and in a brutally directly manner, refers to Dhritarashtra's approach towards the Pandavas as sinful, suicidal and wrong.
672:
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20:
237:. It describes the character and habits of wise men, how they combine virtuous life with prosperity. These adhyayas also describe the duties and actions of kings that enable a prosperous kingdom. After listening to Vidura, Dhritarashtra leans for peace and an accommodation of Pandava brothers; however, he says Duryodhana wants the opposite. Dhritarashtra claims that although his exertion may be in vain, destiny will do what it wants to.
658:). Beyond describing the types of diplomats, Udyoga Parva also lists how the envoy and messengers for negotiations should be selected, the safety and rights of envoys that must be respected by the receiving party regardless of how unpleasant or pleasant the message is. Envoys must be honest, truthful and direct without fear, that they serve not only the cause of king who sends them, but the cause of dharma (law), peace and truth.
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281:(paths) to liberation and freedom. Sanat-Sujata insists that rituals and Vedic ceremonies are not the path to emancipation, ignorance is living death, it is the true knowledge of universal self that emancipates; he suggests that gods are ordinary creatures who have realized that self-knowledge. This view of human beings as creatures of unlimited potential, mirrors those found in the
431:. Bhishma lists all 100 Kaurava brothers and Sakuni as Rathas. Jayadratha is equal to two rathas. Kritavarman, Salya, as Atirathas. Aswathaman, Drona, as Maharathas, with Ashwatthama as the supreme bowman, whose arrows proceed in a continuous line touching each other, and mocks Karna as only being an
350:
in a chariot. He tells Karna who Karna's real mother is, how he is a brother of the
Pandavas, and asks him to join his brothers because they will cheerfully accept him and will choose him to be the next king. Karna already knows this, but refuses, saying that he cannot betray Duryodhana, since he was
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on the way. Dhritarashtra, learning of
Krishna's arrival, makes great preparations to honour his welcome. Bhishma and Vidura applaud his act. Duryodhana himself makes preparations to please Krishna. Krishna, arriving at Hastinapura, first meets with Pritha, then Vidura, and—on the next day—meets with
522:
completed an annotated edition of Udyoga Parva, based on critically edited and least corrupted version of
Mahabharata known in 1975. Debroy, in 2011, notes that updated critical edition of Udyoga Parva, with spurious and corrupted text removed, has 10 parts, 197 adhyayas (chapters) and 6,001 shlokas
447:
on the
Pandavas' side, ready for war. King Shikhandin is designated as a Ratha. Bhimasena is equal to eight Rathas. Nakula and Sahadeva are equal to four Rathas. Dhrupada, Virata, Satyajit and Yudhishthira are designated as Atirathas. Arjuna, Satyaki and Dhristadhyumna are designated as Maharathas.
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The Pandava brothers gather their counsels, along with Krishna. Yudhishthira opens the meeting with a desire for peace. Krishna offers to be an envoy of peace to the Kauravas with the counsel that the Pandavas should prepare everything for war. Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva and Satyaki take turns
299:
The Kaurava brothers assemble in the court to hear Sanjaya, who has returned from the Pandava brothers (see Sanjaya-yana Parva above). Sanjaya gives them the message of the Pandavas, in which the Pandavas demands that the Kauravas either surrender to King Yuddhishthira and return his kingdom to him
206:
and asks him to meet the Pandava brothers, but does not propose anything concrete about the peaceful transfer of the kingdom. Sanjaya meets Yudhishthira and urges peace, saying that the war will cause losses to both sides and notes that if the Pandavas kill the Kauravas, it will make them miserable
155:
reminds the gathered kings that the Kauravas acquired the kingdom through trickery and evil actions, and that evil people do not change. Satyaki claims that the proposed peaceful diplomatic approach is ridiculous because peace can never be negotiated from a position of weakness. Only the strong—who
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to the Pandavas' camp in Kurukshetra for war, delivering insulting messages to Yudhishthira, Bhima, Nakula, Sahadeva, Virata, Drupada, Dhananjaya, Sikhandin, Dhristadyumna and Vasudeva as part of psychological warfare. The parva recites the fable of the cat and the mouse. Bhima gets angry at Uluka
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for their military preparations, but with morally opposite stances. Krishna asks Arjuna to choose either his army or he himself alone, resolved not to fight on the field. Arjuna chooses Krishna on his side. Duryodhana, in contrast, gets Krishna's army to serve him. Krishna decides and promises to
462:
This parva recites the story of Bhishma's past exploits and about a maiden named Amba, and how his emotional attachment means he can fight everyone but Sikhandin—a battalion commander on the Pandavas' side. Duryodhana then asks his commanders the time it will take each of them to annihilate the
599:
Vidura Niti also includes a few hundred verses with suggestions for personal development and the characteristics of a wise person. For example, in Chapter 33, Vidura suggests a wise person refrains from anger, exultation, pride, shame, stupefaction and vanity. He has reverence and faith, he is
496:
Clay Sanskrit Library has published a 15 volume set of the Mahabharata which includes a translation of Udyoga Parva by Kathleen Garbutt. This translation is modern and uses an old manuscript of the Epic. The translation does not remove verses and chapters now widely believed to be spurious and
635:, a full ambassador who has full confidence of the party he represents, understands the interests and Dharma (law, morals, duties) of both parties, and can decide the goal as well as style of negotiations (Krishna acts as such an ambassador in Bhagavat-yana sub-parva of Udyoga Parva).
386:(battalions)—the Pandavas have seven battalions, the Kauravas have 11. Halayudha came there to meet the Pandavas and his brother Krishna and expresses his views that he cannot pick a side to fight, as both Bhima and Duryodhana are his disciples, and leaves to go on a journey to the
381:
is appointed by Duryodhana as commander in chief of the armies behind the Kaurava brothers. Bhishma said that the Pandavas are dear to him, so he will not fight them openly, and will therefore slay at least 10,000 warriors every day. Both sides select chiefs for each of their
492:
Udyoga Parva was composed in Sanskrit. Several translations of the book in English are available. Two translations from 19th century, now in public domain, are those by Kisari Mohan Ganguli and Manmatha Nath Dutt. The translations vary with each translator's interpretations.
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on hearing Pandavas praises by that envoy in the court of Kaurava brothers, argues that Pandavas had become prideful of their might, so war is preferable. Dhritarashtra dismisses Drupada's envoy, promising to send Sanjaya to the Pandavas with a full
1265:
The words class and caste do not have Sanskrit equivalents, most modern literature treats Sudra and Brahmin as castes; Manmatha Nath Dutt, in 1896, translated this verse with word class, his translation on page 66 of Udyoga Parva is retained
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who was born into the Brahmin class. Vidura brings in the sage Sanat-Sujata. Dhritarashtra asks him questions about eternal being, life after death and immortality. The response of Sanat-Sujata is another treatise called
336:
concurs with Krishna on peace. The sage Narada appears and tells the story of Gavala, Yayati and Madhavi to explain to Duryodhana that his obstinate craving for war is wrong. Dhritarashtra rebukes Duryodhana for his
832:
Alone one should not taste a delicious dish, alone one should not think of profitable undertakings, alone one should not go on a journey, and alone one should not be awake amidst those that are asleep.
749:
Wrath is a bitter remedy for evils, it causes malady in the head, destroys fame, and is a source of sinful acts. It ought to be controlled by a good man and those that do not control it are bad men.
176:'s envoy reaches Kaurava brothers. He announces that Pandava brothers do not want war, they see war as something that ruins the world, all they want is an amicable settlement. He also informs the
595:
He should only appoint those as ministers (senior positions in his staff) whom he has examined well for their history of virtue, dispositions, activity and whether they give others their due.
135:
tells the gathered kings that the Pandavas must return to their kingdom ad that the Kauravas must return the kingdom that they had taken from the Pandavas for 13 years after a game of dice.
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and criticizes him for making dissensions among Kurus by indicating warrior ranks, according only to his own caprice. He vows to not fight until he is laid down. The parva then describes
143:
The intentions of the other side are unknown, so Krishna suggests that they should send a capable ambassador to understand the intentions of the Kauravas and arrange a peaceful transfer.
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Sivakumar & Rao (2009), Building ethical organisation cultures – Guidelines from Indian ethos, International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 2(4), pages 356-372
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War preparations accelerate. Yudhishthira seeks nominations for the commander in chief of the allied forces behind the Pandava brothers. Many names come forward, and Krishna selects
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He should pay attention to those who have fallen in distress and adversity. He should not ignore persistent sufferings of those that depend on him, even if the suffering is small.
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for counsel, confesses Sanjaya's message have disordered his senses and caused him sleeplessness. Dhritarashtra asks for moral guidance and wisdom to lead his kingdom. Sage
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M.R. Yardi (1983), THE MULTIPLE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MAHĀBHĀRATA A STATISTICAL APPROACH (Paper V), Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 64 (1/4), pages 35-58
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As a twig obtained from a big tree is used in pointing out the new moon, so are the Vedas used in pointing out the truth and other attributes of the Supreme Soul.
983:
That man is not a devotee who observes the vow of silence, nor he who lives in the woods; but that one is said to be a true devotee who knows his own nature.
777:
In this world, the gods are resplendent through work. Wind blows through work. Sun works to cause day and night. Moon works. Rivers carry water through work.
542:
Udyoga Parva has several embedded treatises, such as a theory of leadership (Vidura Niti), a theory of dūta (diplomats, envoys) and a theory of just war.
264:(sometimes spelled Sanatsugatiya or Sanatsugâtîya). Scholars suggest Sanatsujatiya may have been a later insertion and addition into the original Epic.
808:
That man is said to be wise who is cognizant of the nature of all creatures, of causes and effects of all acts, and the means of human beings.
184:(large battalions). Drupada's envoy asks that Kaurava brothers give virtue and peace a chance, they give back that which should be returned.
844:
Virtue is the highest good, forgiveness the supreme peace, knowledge the deepest satisfaction, and benevolence the one cause of happiness.
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Bhishma said, he himself and their preceptor Drona are the only warriors who can advance against Dhananjaya, there is no third car-warrior.
474:
300:
or they would start a war that would lead to Kuru's destruction. Bhishma recommends peace and the return of the kingdom. Drona supports
253:. The sage says he was born into the Sudra class and has already counselled the king, perhaps the king should get a second opinion from
112:(book) traditionally has 10 sub-parvas (parts or little books) and 199 adhyayas (sections, chapters). The following are the sub-parvas:
646:), praise your side while dividing the opposition by describing consequences of success and consequences of failure to reach a deal (
577:
He should be fair and accessible to his people. By means of virtue should he attain success, by means of virtue should he sustain it.
1634:
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A fish out of greediness does not think about the result of an action and swallows up the iron hook concealed in a dainty morsel.
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in victory. Yudhishthira says the Pandavas do not want war, they want peace and prosperity. The Pandavas had left their kingdom,
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are envoys with an overall goal and significant discretion to adapt the details of negotiations to the circumstances; finally,
63:. Udyoga Parva traditionally has 10 parts and 199 chapters. The critical edition of Sabha Parva has 12 parts and 197 chapters.
2020:
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A wise man regulates his studies by wisdom, his wisdom follows his studies, he is ever ready to respect those that are good.
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Having carefully considered what will befall me after doing an act or not doing it, a man should do things or not do them.
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Wise men rejoice in virtuous deeds, and do those that tend to their prosperity, and look not with contempt on what is good.
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and express their views to Krishna, who comments on each. Krishna leaves for the court of the Kaurava brothers and meets
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Shakra became chief, by means of work, observing truth, virtue, self control, forbearance, impartiality and amiability.
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Sanat-Sujata said: It is the foundation of everything; it is nectar; it is the universe; it is vast, and delightful.
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War causes destruction to all, it is sinful, it creates hell, it gives the same result in victory and defeat alike.
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Infighting erupts within the Kauravas' side. Duryodhana asks for Bhishma's views on both sides' warriors counted as
812:
A wise man is he who, having acquired immense wealth, learning or power, conducts himself without any haughtiness.
611:, and others, have referred to parts of Udyoga Parva, along with Book 12 of Mahabharata and non-Epic works such as
523:(verses). Debroy's translation of a critical edition of Udyoga Parva has been published in Volume 4 of his series.
74:
refuse. The book includes the effort for peace that fails, followed by the effort to prepare for the great war—the
894:
Drawn by those excellent steeds when well trained, he that is wise and patient, performs life's journey in peace.
1935:
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Sanatsujata is considered identical to Sanatkumara. K.T. Telang in Max Müller (Editor), Volume 8, 2nd Edition,
870:
He, who plucks unripe fruits from trees, does not get the juice out of it; and moreover he destroys the seeds.
773:
Knowledge bears fruit with action. Look at this world: one oppressed by thirst is satisfied by drinking water.
769:
One school says that it is by work that we obtain salvation, another school says that it is through knowledge.
619:, Sanskrit: दूत) involved in negotiations between parties. Broadly, the Parva recognizes four types of envoys—
123:
The 13th year of exile is over. Kings assemble in king Virata's court to mark the marriage of his daughter to
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Ignorance is death. Truthfulness, kindness, modesty, self-control and knowledge are antidotes of ignorance.
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The opinion that any thing other than work is good, is nothing but the uttering of a fool and of a weak man.
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He should encourage profit and virtue. Prosperity depends on good deeds. Good deeds depend on prosperity.
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commented on Sanatsujatiya, parts of the commentary too have been corrupted later by unknown individuals.
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A wise man does or does not do an act after reflecting on the reasons of an act and its results if done.
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Dhritarashtra continues in his suffering of anxiety and depression. He seeks more counsel from the sage
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Forgiveness subdues every thing in the world. What is there that cannot be accomplished by forgiveness?
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He should show compassion to all creatures, do what is good for all creatures rather than a select few.
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He should wish for the prosperity of all, and should never set heart on inflicting misery on any group.
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Paul Cotton (1918), Readings from the Upanishads, The Open Court, Volume 32, Number 6, pages 321–328
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Forgiveness is a great power. For the weak, as well as for the strong, forgiveness is an ornament.
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He should be always be prepared to protect those that depend on him for their safety and security.
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outlines things wise people and leaders should do, and things they should not. These are known as
2479:
1327:
Kathleen Garbutt, Book V, Vol. 1 & 2, The Clay Sanskrit Library, Mahabharata: 15-volume Set,
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He should never impede the development and growth of agriculture and economic activity by anyone.
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Yet a man, even knowing all the properties of good, will not be satisfied without eating.
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He should never misuse wealth, use harsh speech nor inflict extreme or cruel punishments.
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personally visits and makes the demand, or he may be willing to make a peaceful transfer.
66:
Udyoga Parva describes the period immediately after the exile of Pandavas had ended. The
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The body of a man is like the chariot; his soul, the driver; and his senses, the horses.
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The reasons of an act, and its result should be carefully considered before it is done.
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Udyoga Parva outlines the four methods of negotiations recommended for envoys who are
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are envoys who are granted a circumscribed purpose with some flexibility on wording;
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and Kuru family, that Yudhishthira seeks peace not out of weakness; they have seven
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Krishna speculates that the Kauravas may refuse the return and use their military
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In Chapters 33 through 40 of Udyoga Parva, also called Prajagara sub-parva, sage
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The entire parva has been "transcreated" and translated in verse by the poet Dr.
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The Mahabharata: Book 4: The Book of the Virata; Book 5: The Book of the Effort
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frankly criticizes Dhritarashtra for his vicious conduct towards the Pandavas.
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What can a wicked man do to one who has the sword of pacification in his hand?
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The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 42-43 Abridged
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are envoys who convey a message but do not have any discretion to negotiate;
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He should consider the welfare of his people as his personal responsibility.
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Fire, falling on ground devoid of vegetation, is extinguished of itself.
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but the darts of words cannot be extracted from the depth of the heart.
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Sanatsujatiya is a treatise on spirituality, inward contemplation, and
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by Vyasadeva and commentary by Nilakantha (Editor: Kinjawadekar, 1929)
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The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 67, 69
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J. A. B. van Buitenen (Translator), The Mahabharata, Volume 3, 1978,
505:
282:
128:
1596:
The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 73-74
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The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 46-47
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304:. Dhritarashtra inquires about Yudhisthria's military preparation.
67:
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Sanatsujata is considered identical to Sanatkumara—K.T. Telang in
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The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 72
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The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 49
1548:
The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 48
1524:
The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 43
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The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 32
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The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896), page 29
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For they touch the innermost recesses of the hearts of others,
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K. T. Telang in Max Müller (Editor), Volume 8, 2nd Edition,
377:. Duryodhana, Karna, Shakuni and Dussasana prepare for war.
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1872:
583:
He should encourage learning and transmission of knowledge.
1378:
Bibek Debroy (2011), The Mahabharata, Volume 4, Penguin,
98:, is contained within the Udyoga Parva (Chapters 41–46).
1625:
The Mahabharata, Volume 3: Virata Parva and Udyoga Parva
1312:
The Bhagavadgîtâ with the Sanatsugātiýa and the Anugītā
1282:
The Bhagavadgîtâ with the Sanatsugātiýa and the Anugītā
1226:
The Bhagavadgîtâ with the Sanatsugātiýa and the Anugītā
924:
therefore a wise man should not fling them on others.
512:
had composed 186 sections in Udyoga Parva, with 6,698
1003:
Dhritarashtra said: Of what form is the Supreme Soul?
558:. Some examples of his recommendations for leaders:
497:
smuggled into the Epic in 1st or 2nd millennium AD.
88:, is embedded in Udyoga Parva (Chapters 33–40). The
1145:The Mahabharata: Book 1: The Book of the Beginning
642:: conciliation for the cause of peace and Dharma (
435:. Drona supports his words. Karna gets angry with
57:is the fifth of eighteen books of the Indian epic
1345:Ganguli, Kisari Mohan (1883–1896). "Section II".
1147:. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, p 476
2511:
1369:, Penguin Books, page xxiii–xxiv of Introduction
914:Arrows and darts can be extracted from the body,
615:, as a treatise on diplomats and envoys (called
1361:Bibek Debroy, The Mahabharata : Volume 3,
706:As the inner nature of a man is, so he speaks.
1619:The Mahabharata, Translation in English (1896)
1612:The Mahabharata, Translation in English (1886)
1335:, New York University Press, Bilingual Edition
1160:. Gurgaon: Penguin Books India, pp. xxiii–xxvi
70:return, demand their half of the kingdom. The
1663:
346:Krishna leaves the city of the Kauravas with
1432:, University of Chicago Press, pages 134-137
1344:
1338:
233:presents a discourse that is referred to as
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1418:
1416:
1414:
1096:The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa
920:wounded by which one grieves night and day;
661:
589:He should avoid friendship with the sinful.
34:, a scene from the Udyoga Parva painted by
1670:
1656:
1060:. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
1027:Previous book of Mahabharata: Virata Parva
84:, a theory of leadership as propounded by
101:
1411:
1132:The Mahabharata (Volume 5): Udyoga Parva
918:Arrows of words are shot from the mouth,
473:
18:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1032:Next book of Mahabharata: Bhishma Parva
654:), bargain with threats of punishment (
650:), bargain with gifts and concessions (
469:
2512:
1178:. London: Praeger Publishers. p.
1126:
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373:. The Pandava army marches for war to
1651:
1644:, Translation in French (Paris, 1868)
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963:Truth is the solemn vow of the good.
188:responds that peace makes sense, but
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665:
1351:. Sacred texts archive. p. 25.
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508:of one version of the Mahabharata,
13:
1715:
1435:
1348:The Mahabharata: Book 1: Adi Parva
1101:
1063:
14:
2531:
1602:
1279:(Editor), Volume 8, 2nd Edition,
1243:"Mahābhārata (Table of Contents)"
1196:
1043:
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998:Sanat-Sujata Parva, Chapter 44:
976:Sanat-Sujata Parva, Chapter 43:
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1936:48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra
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764:Sanjayayana Parva, Chapter 29:
744:Sanjayayana Parva, Chapter 27:
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1:
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909:Prajagara Parva, Chapter 34:
887:Prajagara Parva, Chapter 34:
859:Prajagara Parva, Chapter 34:
827:Prajagara Parva, Chapter 33:
16:Fifth book of the Mahabharata
1247:The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin
1143:van Buitenen, J.A.B. (1973)
1090:Ganguli, K. M. (1883–1896) "
1056:van Buitenen, J.A.B. (1978)
418:Rathatiratha-sankhyana Parva
7:
1020:
1011:Sanatsujata, Udyoga Parva,
989:Sanatsujata, Udyoga Parva,
968:Sanatsujata, Udyoga Parva,
953:Sanatsujata, Udyoga Parva,
689:using the Transwiki process
94:, a text commented upon by
10:
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1404:Manmatha Nath Dutt (1896)
2520:Parvas in the Mahabharata
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2019:
1986:
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1406:Prajagara Parva in Book 5
1158:The Mahabharata, Volume 1
1134:. Calcutta: Elysium Press
50:
1635:Udyoga Parva in Sanskrit
789:Vasudeva, Udyoga Parva,
662:Quotations and teachings
2480:Epic-Puranic chronology
1622:J. A. B. van Buitenen,
755:Sanjaya, Udyoga Parva,
735:Sanjaya, Udyoga Parva,
712:Satyaki, Udyoga Parva,
1720:
1608:Kisari Mohan Ganguli,
1170:Rosen, Steven (2006).
1098:(12 Volumes). Calcutta
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930:Vidura, Udyoga Parva,
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900:Vidura, Udyoga Parva,
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878:Vidura, Udyoga Parva,
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202:Dhritarashtra summons
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520:J. A. B. van Buitenen
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22:
1615:Manmatha Nath Dutt,
957:Book v.42.4, v.42.45
470:English translations
459:(Chapters: 173–199)
420:(Chapters: 165–172)
401:(Chapters: 160–164)
399:Ulukabhigamana Parva
366:(Chapters: 151–159)
364:Sainya-niryana Parva
681:is a candidate for
323:(Chapters: 74–150)
321:Bhagavat-yana Parva
55:the Book of Effort,
1721:
1688:Traditional author
1174:Essential Hinduism
1156:Debroy, B. (2010)
1130:Dutt, M.N. (1896)
940:Sanat-Sujata Parva
490:
457:Ambopakkyana Parva
296:(Chapters: 47–73)
246:(Chapters: 41–46)
222:(Chapters: 33–40)
170:(Chapters: 20–32)
168:Sanjaya-yana Parva
39:
2507:
2506:
1333:978-0-8147-3191-8
722:Sanjayayana Parva
699:Sainyodyoga Parva
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500:According to the
404:Duryodhana sends
244:Sanatsujata Parva
120:(Chapters: 1–19)
118:Sainyodyoga Parva
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538:Salient features
532:Writers Workshop
528:Purushottama Lal
294:Yanasandhi Parva
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30:in the court of
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1999:Kurukshetra War
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1894:List of tribes
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1690:and narrators
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701:, Chapter 3:
700:
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679:This section
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530:published by
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502:Parvasangraha
498:
494:
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485:counsels the
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407:
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396:
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389:
388:sacred waters
385:
380:
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371:Dhristadyumna
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276:
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263:
262:
261:Sanatsujatiya
256:
252:
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210:
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178:Dhritarashtra
175:
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130:
126:
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91:Sanatsujatiya
87:
83:
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69:
64:
62:
61:
56:
48:
44:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2444:Yudhishthira
2240:
2239:Role in the
2094:Bhurishravas
1976:Vyagaprastha
1961:Pranaprastha
1956:Indraprastha
1952:Panchagrama
1929:Indraprastha
1852:Main tribes
1832:Svargarohana
1812:Ashvamedhika
1759:
1729:
1702:Vaisampayana
1678:
1630:Google Books
1623:
1617:Udyoga Parva
1610:Udyoga Parva
1594:Udyoga Parva
1589:
1582:Udyoga Parva
1577:
1570:Udyoga Parva
1565:
1558:Udyoga Parva
1553:
1546:Udyoga Parva
1541:
1534:Udyoga Parva
1529:
1522:Udyoga Parva
1517:
1510:Udyoga Parva
1505:
1498:Udyoga Parva
1493:
1486:Udyoga Parva
1481:
1474:Udyoga Parva
1469:
1462:Udyoga Parva
1457:
1400:
1391:
1374:
1357:
1347:
1340:
1323:
1317:Google Books
1310:
1305:
1287:Google Books
1280:
1271:
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1231:Google Books
1224:
1173:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1095:
1092:Udyoga Parva
1057:
1002:
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980:
975:
962:
946:
939:
938:
913:
908:
904:Book v.34.59
891:
886:
863:
858:
831:
826:
805:
798:
797:
768:
763:
759:Book v.27.23
748:
743:
728:
721:
720:
705:
698:
697:
680:
655:
651:
647:
643:
640:dūtapranidhi
639:
637:
633:Dūtapranidhi
632:
628:
625:Parimițārtha
624:
621:Samdisțārtha
620:
616:
613:Arthashastra
607:
598:
555:
549:
541:
525:
518:
501:
499:
495:
491:
456:
444:
440:
432:
428:
424:
417:
398:
363:
320:
293:
278:
266:Adi Shankara
259:
255:Sanat-Sujata
243:
234:
219:
209:Indraprastha
167:
139:Yudhishthira
117:
107:
105:
96:Adi Shankara
89:
81:
80:
65:
58:
54:
51:उद्योग पर्वः
43:Udyoga Parva
42:
40:
2389:Upapandavas
2289:Parashurama
2241:Mahabharata
2179:Ghatotkacha
2104:Chitrāngadā
2099:Chitrāngada
2059:Babruvahana
2054:Ashwatthama
2009:Chakravyūha
1971:Tilaprastha
1941:Kurukshetra
1680:Mahabharata
1640:H. Fauche,
1013:Mahabharata
991:Mahabharata
970:Mahabharata
955:Mahabharata
932:Mahabharata
902:Mahabharata
880:Mahabharata
852:Mahabharata
820:Mahabharata
791:Mahabharata
757:Mahabharata
739:Book v.25.7
737:Mahabharata
714:Mahabharata
629:Nisrșțārtha
556:Vidura Niti
546:Vidura Niti
504:chapter of
384:Akshauhinis
375:Kurukshetra
235:Vidura Niti
182:Akshauhinis
82:Vidura Niti
60:Mahābhārata
32:Hastinapura
2429:Vrishasena
2424:Vrishaketu
2369:Shishupala
2354:Shakuntala
2249:Kritavarma
2209:Jayadratha
2204:Jarasandha
2199:Janamejaya
2149:Duryodhana
2074:Bhagadatta
2021:Characters
2004:Vishvarupa
1994:Svayamvara
1924:Hastinapur
1837:Harivamsha
1807:Anushasana
1277:Max Müller
1252:2021-03-01
1038:References
716:Book v.3.1
433:ardharatha
310:Duryodhana
283:Upanishads
24:Duryodhana
2475:Vedic era
2364:Shikhandi
2334:Satyavati
2304:Pururavas
2299:Purochana
2294:Parikshit
2159:Dushyanta
2154:Dushasana
2109:Damayanti
2029:Abhimanyu
1920:Capitals
1898:Janapadas
687:Wikiquote
506:Adi Parva
445:atirathas
429:atirathas
193:response.
129:Abhimanyu
2514:Category
2501:Category
2470:Kingdoms
2379:Sudeshna
2374:Subhadra
2344:Shantanu
2319:Sahadeva
2169:Gandhari
2164:Ekalavya
2124:Draupadi
2069:Balarama
2044:Ambalika
1946:Jyotisar
1883:Gandhara
1866:Pandavas
1861:Kauravas
1792:Sauptika
1021:See also
1009:—
987:—
966:—
951:—
928:—
898:—
876:—
848:—
816:—
787:—
753:—
733:—
710:—
685:over to
487:Pandavas
72:Kauravas
68:Pandavas
47:Sanskrit
26:insults
2465:Avatars
2458:Related
2449:Yuyutsu
2414:Vikarna
2349:Shakuni
2339:Savitri
2329:Satyaki
2324:Sanjaya
2314:Rukmini
2269:Nahusha
2259:Lomasha
2234:Krishna
2224:Kindama
2219:Kichaka
2189:Hidimbi
2184:Hidimba
2144:Durvasa
2139:Duhsala
2134:Drupada
2089:Bhishma
2079:Bharata
2064:Bahlika
1856:Bharata
1822:Mausala
1765:Bhishma
1728:Books (
683:copying
483:Krishna
437:Bhishma
379:Bhishma
306:Sanjaya
302:Bhishma
204:Sanjaya
186:Bhishma
174:Drupada
158:Dwaraka
153:Satyaki
133:Krishna
127:'s son
28:Krishna
2439:Yayati
2419:Virata
2409:Vidura
2399:Uttarā
2394:Uttara
2359:Shalya
2274:Nakula
2194:Iravan
2049:Arjuna
2039:Ambika
1987:Events
1914:Places
1888:Matsya
1846:Tribes
1802:Shanti
1787:Shalya
1760:Udyoga
1755:Virata
1448:
1428:
1382:
1365:
1331:
1186:
552:Vidura
514:slokas
441:rathas
427:, and
425:rathas
329:Rishis
251:Vidura
231:Vidura
227:Vidura
125:Arjuna
86:Vidura
53:), or
2434:Vyasa
2384:Ulupi
2309:Rukmi
2284:Pandu
2264:Madri
2254:Kunti
2229:Kripa
2214:Karna
2174:Ganga
2129:Drona
2084:Bhima
1878:Kunti
1782:Karna
1777:Drona
1745:Sabha
1730:parva
1697:Vyasa
1266:here.
1094:" in
779:Indra
656:daņda
648:bheda
644:sāman
510:Vyasa
406:Uluka
353:Kunti
348:Karna
334:Kanwa
279:marga
190:Karna
109:Parva
106:This
2279:Nala
2034:Amba
1873:Yadu
1797:Stri
1750:Vana
1446:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1184:ISBN
652:dāna
617:dūta
455:10.
443:and
337:act.
41:The
1740:Adi
1229:at
416:9.
397:8.
362:7.
319:6.
292:5.
242:4.
218:3.
166:2.
116:1.
2516::
1732:s)
1437:^
1413:^
1293:^
1245:.
1212:^
1198:^
1182:.
1180:89
1103:^
1065:^
1045:^
534:.
516:.
131:.
78:.
49::
1671:e
1664:t
1657:v
1255:.
1192:.
691:.
481:—
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
