213:
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41:
48:
202:
64:
439:
The sea, which had been beating against the shores, suddenly broke the boundary that was imposed on it by nature. The sea rushed into the city. It coursed through the streets of the beautiful city. The sea covered up everything in the city. I saw the beautiful buildings becoming submerged one by one.
257:
In the city of
Dvaraka was a beautiful private quarter worshiped by the planetary rulers. This district, where the demigod Vishvakarma had shown all his divine skill, was the residential area of Krishna, and thus it was gorgeously decorated by the sixteen thousand palaces of Krishna's queens. Narada
261:
Supporting the palace were coral pillars decoratively inlaid with vaidurya gems. Sapphires bedecked the walls, and the floors glowed with perpetual brilliance. In that palace
Tvashta had arranged canopies with hanging strands of pearls; there were also seats and beds fashioned of ivory and precious
253:
Traffic moved along a well laid-out system of boulevards, roads, intersections, and marketplaces, and many assembly houses and temples of demigods graced the charming city. The roads, courtyards, commercial streets, and residential patios were all sprinkled with water and shaded from the sun's heat
405:"The available archaeological evidence from onshore and offshore excavations confirms the existence of a city-state with a couple of satellite towns in 1500 B.C." He considered it reasonable to conclude that this submerged city is the Dvaraka as described in the
246:
The city was filled with the sounds of birds and bees flying about the parks and pleasure gardens, while its lakes, crowded with blooming indivara, ambhoja, kahlara, kumuda, and utpala lotuses, resounded with the calls of swans and cranes.
308:
Its houses were arranged in lines (2.58.41) and the city had "high buildings" (2.58.50 and 54) (2.58.53), which "almost touched the sky" (2.58.50), and had "doors that had the colour of white clouds" (2.58.48).
250:
Dvaraka boasted 900,000 royal palaces, all constructed with crystal and silver and splendorously decorated with huge emeralds. Inside these palaces, the furnishings were bedecked with gold and jewels.
353:
One should proceed with subdued senses and regulated diet to
Dvaravati, where by bathing in "the holy place called Pindaraka", one obtaineth the fruit of the gift of gold in abundance (3,82).
1011:
94:द्वारका "the gated ", possibly meaning having many gates, or alternatively having one or several very grand gates), is a sacred historic city in the sacred literature of
262:
jewels. In attendance were many well-dressed maidservants bearing lockets on their necks, and also armor-clad guards with turbans, fine uniforms, and jeweled earrings.
311:
The fort walls of the city were "shining with the colour of the Sun and pots of gold" and "sounds emanating from grand houses sparkling with golden colour" (2.58.53).
440:
In a matter of a few moments it was all over. The sea had now become as placid as a lake. There was no trace of the city. Dvaraka was just a name; just a memory.
1446:
1316:
1114:
948:
1421:
1004:
1596:
1346:
1194:
1134:
317:"The city is beautified on Earth by the ocean" like Indra's heavenly city is "beautified by an assembly of important jewels" (2.58.47 - 66, (2.58.49).
221:
Top: A painting from 15th century AD depicting scenes of
Dvaraka in Harivamsa Bottom: A painting of Sudama walking to Dvaraka from late 18th-century.
1551:
1476:
1376:
1149:
997:
940:
Recent
Advances in Marine Archaeology: Proceedings of the second Indian Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, January 1990
1571:
212:
330:'s sons lived in Dvaraka during their exile to woods. Their servants headed by Indrasena lived there for one year (the 13th year) (4,72).
390:
285:
The city was the former "sporting ground of the King
Raivataka" called "Dvāravāti", which "was squared like a chess board" (2.56.29).
538:
Bauer, Jerome H. (24 March 2005). "Hero of
Wonders, Hero in Deeds: Vasudeva Krishna in Jaina Cosmohistory". In Beck, Guy L. (ed.).
462:
380:
When the
Pandavas retire from the world they visit the place where Dvaraka once used to be and see the city submerged under water.
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832:
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588:
795:
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1889:
720:
648:
1654:
980:
856:
299:; the foundations of the houses were laid and at least some of the houses were built by the Yadavas (2.58.9 - 15).
2061:
1948:
1396:
472:
1786:
346:
is described to become the chief queen of
Dvaraka after her elopement with Krishna, equated with the goddess
40:
282:, Dvaraka is described as largely built on "submerged land", "released by the ocean" (2.55.118 and 2.58.34).
1069:
496:
2207:
2212:
2181:
2127:
2031:
1805:
1791:
764:
402:
71:, is the setting for many chapters in Harivamsa. The city is described as near the sea, in modern-era
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2081:
1671:
782:
356:
King Nriga, in consequence of a single fault of his, had to dwell for a long time at
Dvaravati, and
2202:
1863:
1466:
989:
1799:
28:
778:
775:
text prepared by K.S. Ramachandran, proofreading by Gilles Schaufelberger, Mahabharata Resources
314:
It had a temple area with a palace for Krishna himself, which had a separate bathroom (2.58.43).
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2036:
1976:
1965:
1411:
765:"Chapter 2.58: [ITRANS text: dvAravatInagaranirmANam] - Building the City of Dvaravati"
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This article is about the ancient city in Indian epic literature. For the modern city, see
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Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh, P. Gudigar, Sila Tripati, K.H. Vora and S.N. Bandodkar (2000)
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336:
mentioned about a sacrificial fire of Dvaraka, before he set for his pilgrimage over
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Harivamsa in the Mahabharata − Vishnuparva: Sanskrit to ITRANS Sanskrit to English
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It was built by Vishwakarman in one day (2.58.40) "mentally" (2.58.41 and 44).
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16:
Sacred historical city and pilgrimage site associated with Hindu god Krishna
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1049:
135:, formerly called Kushasthali, the fort of which had to be repaired by the
955:
938:
2169:
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2091:
2001:
1916:
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1022:
937:
S. R. Rao (1991). "Further excavations of the submerged city of Dwarka".
541:
Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity
427:
407:
305:
It had surrounding walls (2.58.48 and 53) with four main gates (2.58.16).
177:
127:
956:
Onshore Excavation at Bet Dwarka Island, in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat
949:
Recent underwater explorations at Dwarka and surroundings of Okha Mandal
853:
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witnesses the submergence of Dvaraka and describes it as follows:
360:
became the cause of his rescue from that miserable plight.(13,72).
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181:
164:(pilgrimage) sites for spiritual liberation. The other six are
136:
132:
68:
20:
604:
Jaiswal, S. (1974). "Historical Evolution of the Ram Legend".
110:. The name Dvaraka is said to have been given to the place by
1981:
1943:
1848:
1843:
1746:
1601:
1296:
327:
691:. Translated by Dutt, M.N. New Delhi: Parimal Publications.
1936:
185:
1632:
139:. In this epic, the city is described as a capital of the
63:
968:
590:
India as Described in Early Texts of Buddhism and Jainism
389:
During 1983–1990, the Marine Archaeology Unit of India's
373:
visited Dvaravati during his military campaign after the
242:(10.69.1-12) in connection with the sage Narada's visit:
201:
643:(2nd ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 89.
888:
876:
687:
Sharma, Dr. Ishwar Chandra; Bimali, O.N., eds. (2004).
666:"Dvārakā in Tamil Literature and Historical Tradition"
943:. National Institute Of Oceanography. pp. 51–59.
292:(2.56.27), "the living place of the gods" (2.55.111).
75:; a painting of the city in the 19th century (lower).
735:
23:. For the historical kingdom of Southeast Asia, see
771:, translated by A. Purushothaman; A. Harindranath,
114:, a major deity in Hinduism. Dvaraka is one of the
689:Mahabharata: Sanskrit Text and English Translation
160:, Dvaraka is called Dvaravati and is one of seven
2194:
670:Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research, Pune
824:The Indian Narrative: Perspectives and Patterns
762:
367:resided at Dvaravati for a long time (13,160).
350:as Krishna's chief consort in the Mahabharata.
1648:
1005:
906:
820:
793:
686:
393:(NIO) carried out underwater excavations at
232:The following description of Dvaraka during
603:
1655:
1641:
1012:
998:
783:Index to Mahabharata Resources' Harivamsha
586:
515:Jaina Puranas: A Puranic Counter Tradition
149:the city was located in the region of the
936:
894:
882:
827:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 158.
794:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (1 October 2014).
663:
958:, Man and Environment, XXVIII(1): 57-66.
463:Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Cambay
62:
131:, it was a city located in what is now
2195:
865:Pindaraka entry on Encyclopedia Indica
597:
580:
384:
258:entered one of these immense palaces.
106:. It is also alternatively spelled as
1636:
1020:Tribes and kingdoms mentioned in the
993:
951:, Man and Environment, XXV(1): 67-74.
742:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 70.
715:. Eastern Book Linkers. p. 555.
710:
537:
508:
638:
913:. Three Rivers Press. p. 382.
821:Shackle, C.; Snell, Rupert (1992).
800:. Simon and Schuster. p. 163.
763:A. Harindranath, ed. (March 2010),
227:
191:
13:
1728:
969:Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (1999).
962:
797:A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism
531:
391:National Institute of Oceanography
254:by banners waving from flagpoles.
14:
2234:
499:, Harivamsa (1896), pages 283-286
236:'s presence there appears in the
1800:Other 16000 - 16100 Junior wives
954:Gaur, A.S. and Sundaresh (2003)
544:. SUNY Press. pp. 167–169.
211:
200:
46:
39:
1973:Associated with Krishna's life
1949:48 Kos Parikrama of Kurukshetra
930:
900:
841:
814:
787:
756:
736:Jean Holm; John Bowker (2001).
729:
711:Nagar, Shanti Lal, ed. (2012).
703:
47:
907:Diana L. Eck (26 March 2013).
680:
657:
632:
558:
502:
489:
414:
288:Nearby was the mountain range
1:
483:
272:
267:Bhagavata Purana, 10.69.1-12
7:
1662:
456:
156:In the Hindu epics and the
10:
2239:
664:Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2018).
18:
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1964:
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910:India: A Sacred Geography
593:. Luzac. pp. 99–101.
321:
295:The city was measured by
118:(seven sacred cities) of
972:The lost city of Dvārakā
859:2 December 2008 at the
29:Dwarka (disambiguation)
2182:Guru–shishya tradition
1733:
454:
270:
76:
27:. For other uses, see
1732:
641:Puranic Encyclopaedia
639:Mani, Vettam (2010).
566:"Andhakavenhu Puttaa"
473:Dvārakā–Kamboja route
437:
244:
66:
975:. Aditya Prakashan.
870:4 March 2014 at the
568:. www.vipassana.info
495:Manmatha Nath Dutt,
1944:Pilgrimage circuits
1927:Krishna Janmashtami
587:Law, B. C. (1941).
385:Related archaeology
143:. According to the
2208:History of Gujarat
2062:Hathibada Ghosundi
1734:
478:List of lost lands
77:
2213:Hindu holy cities
2190:
2189:
2067:Heliodorus pillar
1630:
1629:
920:978-0-385-53192-4
849:Srimad Bhagavatam
834:978-3-447-03241-4
807:978-1-78074-672-2
779:Translators' note
749:978-1-62356-623-4
551:978-0-7914-6415-1
525:978-0-7914-1381-4
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2218:Submerged places
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86:, also known as
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722:978-8178542188
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650:978-8120805972
649:
631:
612:(3–4): 89–97.
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550:
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518:, SUNY Press,
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141:Anarta Kingdom
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2108:Gita Govinda
2106:
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1996:
1888:
1798:
1680:Bala Krishna
1582:Uttara Madra
1447:Pratyagratha
1442:Pragjyotisha
1160:Gopa Rashtra
1139:
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971:
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931:Bibliography
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739:Sacred Place
738:
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709:2.56.22–30;
705:
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570:. Retrieved
560:
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510:Jaini, P. S.
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180:, Avantika (
155:
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126:
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107:
87:
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2170:Dashavatara
2115:Mahabharata
2002:Kurukshetra
1917:Vaishnavism
1752:Ashtabharya
1720:Other names
1577:Uttara Kuru
1317:Maha Chinas
1115:Dakshinatya
1023:Mahabharata
450:Mahabharata
428:Mahabharata
415:Submergence
408:Mahabharata
178:Kanchipuram
128:Mahabharata
2197:Categories
2032:Pandharpur
1966:Holy sites
1923:Festivals
1912:Krishnaism
1782:Mitravinda
1762:Satyabhama
1705:Shrinathji
1547:Tamraparni
1492:Saurashtra
1422:Parvartaka
1267:Kishkindha
1245:Kimpurusha
697:B0042LUAO4
484:References
399:Bet Dwarka
116:Sapta Puri
2072:Mora Well
2054:Epigraphy
2027:Nathdwara
2022:Guruvayur
1992:Vrindavan
1859:Pradyumna
1824:Aniruddha
1787:Lakshmana
1777:Nagnajiti
1767:Jambavati
1695:Jagannath
1597:Vatadhana
1537:Surparaka
1487:Saraswata
1452:Prasthala
1165:Hara Huna
852:11.1.12 (
403:S. R. Rao
290:Raivataka
280:Harivamsa
273:Harivamsa
146:Harivamsa
88:Dvāravatī
25:Dvaravati
2153:See also
2077:Naneghat
2007:Jyotisar
1879:Vasudeva
1874:Ugrasena
1869:Subhadra
1834:Balarama
1740:Consorts
1622:Yaudheya
1612:Vidarbha
1557:Trigarta
1542:Surasena
1437:Pishacha
1417:Parasika
1397:Panchala
1382:Nishadas
1347:Mekhalas
1337:Manipura
1195:Kalakuta
1175:Himalaya
1145:Gandhāra
1135:Dasherka
1130:Dasharna
868:Archived
857:Archived
676:: 70–90.
512:(1993),
457:See also
443:—
377:(14,83).
334:Balarama
297:Brahmins
265:—
120:Hinduism
104:Buddhism
96:Hinduism
92:Sanskrit
1997:Dvaraka
1977:Mathura
1901:Worship
1884:Yashoda
1772:Kalindi
1757:Rukmini
1715:Vithoba
1690:Govinda
1664:Krishna
1567:Tushara
1552:Tangana
1512:Sinhala
1497:Sauvira
1477:Salveya
1462:Pulinda
1432:Paurava
1427:Parvata
1392:Pallava
1377:Niharas
1367:Nasikya
1362:Mushika
1357:Mudgala
1352:Mleccha
1322:Mahisha
1312:Magadha
1307:Madraka
1282:Kuninda
1272:Konkana
1260:Kingdom
1250:Kinnara
1215:Karusha
1210:Karnata
1205:Kamboja
1200:Kalinga
1190:Kasmira
1155:Gomanta
1140:Dwaraka
1125:Dasarna
1085:Bhārata
1080:Bahlika
626:3517633
572:15 June
425:of the
419:In the
365:Durvasa
358:Krishna
348:Lakshmi
344:Rukmini
340:(9,35).
234:Krishna
170:Ayodhya
166:Mathura
158:Puranas
137:Yadavas
125:In the
112:Krishna
108:Dvarika
100:Jainism
84:Dvārakā
73:Gujarat
54:Dvaraka
2223:Dwarka
2175:Vishnu
2165:Avatar
2012:Bhalka
1908:Sects
1839:Devaki
1829:Arjuna
1806:Rohini
1792:Bhadra
1617:Yavana
1607:Videha
1587:Utkala
1522:Sonita
1507:Sindhu
1502:Shakya
1457:Pundra
1407:Parada
1402:Pandya
1342:Matsya
1332:Malava
1327:Malla
1277:Kosala
1255:Kirata
1240:Kikata
1230:Kerala
1225:Kekeya
1185:Kanchi
1105:Chinas
1070:Avanti
1065:Asmaka
1060:Assaka
1045:Anarta
1040:Andhra
1035:Abhira
979:
917:
831:
804:
773:ITRANS
746:
719:
695:
647:
624:
548:
522:
433:Arjuna
395:Dwarka
371:Arjuna
322:Events
184:) and
182:Ujjain
162:Tirtha
133:Dwarka
102:, and
69:Dwarka
21:Dwarka
2092:Texts
2042:Udupi
1982:Gokul
1864:Samba
1854:Nanda
1849:Kunti
1844:Kamsa
1747:Radha
1672:Forms
1602:Vatsa
1592:Vanga
1532:Suhma
1527:Sudra
1482:Salwa
1472:Salva
1302:Madra
1297:Lanka
1287:Kunti
1235:Khasa
1220:Kashi
1150:Garga
1120:Danda
1100:Chola
1095:Chera
1090:Chedi
1055:Anupa
622:JSTOR
363:Sage
328:Pandu
174:Kashi
2037:Puri
1937:Holi
1890:More
1572:Ursa
1562:Tulu
1517:Sivi
1467:Saka
1387:Odra
1372:Nepa
1292:Kuru
1180:Huna
1050:Anga
977:ISBN
915:ISBN
854:Text
829:ISBN
802:ISBN
744:ISBN
717:ISBN
693:ASIN
645:ISBN
574:2008
546:ISBN
520:ISBN
397:and
186:Puri
863:);
674:XCV
614:doi
448:of
278:In
2199::
1075:Ay
781:;
777:.
767:,
672:.
668:.
620:.
610:21
608:.
431:,
411:.
188:.
176:,
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153:.
122:.
98:,
1656:e
1649:t
1642:v
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1006:t
999:v
985:.
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810:.
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725:.
699:.
653:.
628:.
616::
576:.
554:.
90:(
31:.
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