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52:
59:
213:
75:
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The sea, which had been beating against the shores, suddenly broke the boundary that was imposed on it by nature. The sea rushed into the city. It coursed through the streets of the beautiful city. The sea covered up everything in the city. I saw the beautiful buildings becoming submerged one by one.
268:
In the city of
Dvaraka was a beautiful private quarter worshiped by the planetary rulers. This district, where the demigod Vishvakarma had shown all his divine skill, was the residential area of Krishna, and thus it was gorgeously decorated by the sixteen thousand palaces of Krishna's queens. Narada
272:
Supporting the palace were coral pillars decoratively inlaid with vaidurya gems. Sapphires bedecked the walls, and the floors glowed with perpetual brilliance. In that palace
Tvashta had arranged canopies with hanging strands of pearls; there were also seats and beds fashioned of ivory and precious
264:
Traffic moved along a well laid-out system of boulevards, roads, intersections, and marketplaces, and many assembly houses and temples of demigods graced the charming city. The roads, courtyards, commercial streets, and residential patios were all sprinkled with water and shaded from the sun's heat
416:"The available archaeological evidence from onshore and offshore excavations confirms the existence of a city-state with a couple of satellite towns in 1500 B.C." He considered it reasonable to conclude that this submerged city is the Dvaraka as described in the
257:
The city was filled with the sounds of birds and bees flying about the parks and pleasure gardens, while its lakes, crowded with blooming indivara, ambhoja, kahlara, kumuda, and utpala lotuses, resounded with the calls of swans and cranes.
319:
Its houses were arranged in lines (2.58.41) and the city had "high buildings" (2.58.50 and 54) (2.58.53), which "almost touched the sky" (2.58.50), and had "doors that had the colour of white clouds" (2.58.48).
261:
Dvaraka boasted 900,000 royal palaces, all constructed with crystal and silver and splendorously decorated with huge emeralds. Inside these palaces, the furnishings were bedecked with gold and jewels.
364:
One should proceed with subdued senses and regulated diet to
Dvaravati, where by bathing in "the holy place called Pindaraka", one obtaineth the fruit of the gift of gold in abundance (3,82).
1022:
105:द्वारका "the gated ", possibly meaning having many gates, or alternatively having one or several very grand gates), is a sacred historic city in the sacred literature of
273:
jewels. In attendance were many well-dressed maidservants bearing lockets on their necks, and also armor-clad guards with turbans, fine uniforms, and jeweled earrings.
322:
The fort walls of the city were "shining with the colour of the Sun and pots of gold" and "sounds emanating from grand houses sparkling with golden colour" (2.58.53).
451:
In a matter of a few moments it was all over. The sea had now become as placid as a lake. There was no trace of the city. Dvaraka was just a name; just a memory.
1457:
1327:
1125:
959:
1432:
1015:
1607:
1357:
1205:
1145:
328:"The city is beautified on Earth by the ocean" like Indra's heavenly city is "beautified by an assembly of important jewels" (2.58.47 - 66, (2.58.49).
232:
Top: A painting from 15th century AD depicting scenes of
Dvaraka in Harivamsa Bottom: A painting of Sudama walking to Dvaraka from late 18th-century.
1562:
1487:
1387:
1160:
1008:
951:
Recent
Advances in Marine Archaeology: Proceedings of the second Indian Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, January 1990
1582:
223:
341:'s sons lived in Dvaraka during their exile to woods. Their servants headed by Indrasena lived there for one year (the 13th year) (4,72).
401:
296:
The city was the former "sporting ground of the King
Raivataka" called "Dvāravāti", which "was squared like a chess board" (2.56.29).
549:
Bauer, Jerome H. (24 March 2005). "Hero of
Wonders, Hero in Deeds: Vasudeva Krishna in Jaina Cosmohistory". In Beck, Guy L. (ed.).
473:
391:
When the
Pandavas retire from the world they visit the place where Dvaraka once used to be and see the city submerged under water.
878:
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310:; the foundations of the houses were laid and at least some of the houses were built by the Yadavas (2.58.9 - 15).
2072:
1959:
1407:
483:
1797:
357:
is described to become the chief queen of
Dvaraka after her elopement with Krishna, equated with the goddess
51:
293:, Dvaraka is described as largely built on "submerged land", "released by the ocean" (2.55.118 and 2.58.34).
1080:
507:
2218:
2223:
2192:
2138:
2042:
1816:
1802:
775:
413:
82:, is the setting for many chapters in Harivamsa. The city is described as near the sea, in modern-era
2228:
2092:
1682:
793:
367:
King Nriga, in consequence of a single fault of his, had to dwell for a long time at
Dvaravati, and
2213:
1874:
1477:
1000:
1810:
39:
17:
789:
786:
text prepared by K.S. Ramachandran, proofreading by Gilles Schaufelberger, Mahabharata Resources
325:
It had a temple area with a palace for Krishna himself, which had a separate bathroom (2.58.43).
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2047:
1987:
1976:
1422:
776:"Chapter 2.58: [ITRANS text: dvAravatInagaranirmANam] - Building the City of Dvaravati"
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This article is about the ancient city in Indian epic literature. For the modern city, see
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Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh, P. Gudigar, Sila Tripati, K.H. Vora and S.N. Bandodkar (2000)
925:
859:
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347:
mentioned about a sacrificial fire of Dvaraka, before he set for his pilgrimage over
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Harivamsa in the Mahabharata − Vishnuparva: Sanskrit to ITRANS Sanskrit to English
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It was built by Vishwakarman in one day (2.58.40) "mentally" (2.58.41 and 44).
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27:
Sacred historical city and pilgrimage site associated with Hindu god Krishna
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146:, formerly called Kushasthali, the fort of which had to be repaired by the
966:
949:
2180:
2125:
2102:
2012:
1927:
1762:
1033:
948:
S. R. Rao (1991). "Further excavations of the submerged city of Dwarka".
552:
Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity
438:
418:
316:
It had surrounding walls (2.58.48 and 53) with four main gates (2.58.16).
188:
138:
967:
Onshore Excavation at Bet Dwarka Island, in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat
960:
Recent underwater explorations at Dwarka and surroundings of Okha Mandal
864:
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witnesses the submergence of Dvaraka and describes it as follows:
371:
became the cause of his rescue from that miserable plight.(13,72).
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175:(pilgrimage) sites for spiritual liberation. The other six are
147:
143:
79:
31:
615:
Jaiswal, S. (1974). "Historical Evolution of the Ram Legend".
121:. The name Dvaraka is said to have been given to the place by
1992:
1954:
1859:
1854:
1757:
1612:
1307:
338:
702:. Translated by Dutt, M.N. New Delhi: Parimal Publications.
1947:
196:
1643:
150:. In this epic, the city is described as a capital of the
74:
979:
601:
India as Described in Early Texts of Buddhism and Jainism
400:
During 1983–1990, the Marine Archaeology Unit of India's
384:
visited Dvaravati during his military campaign after the
253:(10.69.1-12) in connection with the sage Narada's visit:
212:
654:(2nd ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 89.
899:
887:
698:
Sharma, Dr. Ishwar Chandra; Bimali, O.N., eds. (2004).
677:"Dvārakā in Tamil Literature and Historical Tradition"
954:. National Institute Of Oceanography. pp. 51–59.
303:(2.56.27), "the living place of the gods" (2.55.111).
86:; a painting of the city in the 19th century (lower).
746:
34:. For the historical kingdom of Southeast Asia, see
782:, translated by A. Purushothaman; A. Harindranath,
125:, a major deity in Hinduism. Dvaraka is one of the
700:Mahabharata: Sanskrit Text and English Translation
171:, Dvaraka is called Dvaravati and is one of seven
2205:
681:Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research, Pune
835:The Indian Narrative: Perspectives and Patterns
773:
378:resided at Dvaravati for a long time (13,160).
361:as Krishna's chief consort in the Mahabharata.
1659:
1016:
917:
831:
804:
697:
404:(NIO) carried out underwater excavations at
243:The following description of Dvaraka during
614:
1666:
1652:
1023:
1009:
794:Index to Mahabharata Resources' Harivamsha
597:
526:Jaina Puranas: A Puranic Counter Tradition
160:the city was located in the region of the
947:
905:
893:
838:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 158.
805:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (1 October 2014).
674:
969:, Man and Environment, XXVIII(1): 57-66.
474:Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Cambay
73:
142:, it was a city located in what is now
14:
2206:
876:Pindaraka entry on Encyclopedia Indica
608:
591:
395:
269:entered one of these immense palaces.
117:. It is also alternatively spelled as
1647:
1031:Tribes and kingdoms mentioned in the
1004:
962:, Man and Environment, XXV(1): 67-74.
753:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 70.
726:. Eastern Book Linkers. p. 555.
721:
548:
519:
649:
924:. Three Rivers Press. p. 382.
832:Shackle, C.; Snell, Rupert (1992).
811:. Simon and Schuster. p. 163.
774:A. Harindranath, ed. (March 2010),
238:
202:
24:
1739:
980:Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (1999).
973:
808:A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism
542:
402:National Institute of Oceanography
265:by banners waving from flagpoles.
25:
2245:
510:, Harivamsa (1896), pages 283-286
247:'s presence there appears in the
1811:Other 16000 - 16100 Junior wives
965:Gaur, A.S. and Sundaresh (2003)
555:. SUNY Press. pp. 167–169.
222:
211:
57:
50:
1984:Associated with Krishna's life
1960:48 Kos Parikrama of Kurukshetra
941:
911:
852:
825:
798:
767:
747:Jean Holm; John Bowker (2001).
740:
722:Nagar, Shanti Lal, ed. (2012).
714:
58:
918:Diana L. Eck (26 March 2013).
691:
668:
643:
569:
513:
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425:
299:Nearby was the mountain range
13:
1:
494:
283:
278:Bhagavata Purana, 10.69.1-12
7:
1673:
467:
167:In the Hindu epics and the
10:
2250:
675:Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2018).
29:
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921:India: A Sacred Geography
604:. Luzac. pp. 99–101.
332:
306:The city was measured by
129:(seven sacred cities) of
983:The lost city of Dvārakā
870:2 December 2008 at the
40:Dwarka (disambiguation)
2193:Guru–shishya tradition
1744:
465:
281:
87:
38:. For other uses, see
1743:
652:Puranic Encyclopaedia
650:Mani, Vettam (2010).
577:"Andhakavenhu Puttaa"
484:Dvārakā–Kamboja route
448:
255:
77:
986:. Aditya Prakashan.
881:4 March 2014 at the
579:. www.vipassana.info
506:Manmatha Nath Dutt,
1955:Pilgrimage circuits
1938:Krishna Janmashtami
598:Law, B. C. (1941).
396:Related archaeology
154:. According to the
2219:History of Gujarat
2073:Hathibada Ghosundi
1745:
489:List of lost lands
88:
2224:Hindu holy cities
2201:
2200:
2078:Heliodorus pillar
1641:
1640:
931:978-0-385-53192-4
860:Srimad Bhagavatam
845:978-3-447-03241-4
818:978-1-78074-672-2
790:Translators' note
760:978-1-62356-623-4
562:978-0-7914-6415-1
536:978-0-7914-1381-4
16:(Redirected from
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623:(3–4): 89–97.
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529:, SUNY Press,
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2007:
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1691:Bala Krishna
1593:Uttara Madra
1458:Pratyagratha
1453:Pragjyotisha
1171:Gopa Rashtra
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942:Bibliography
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750:Sacred Place
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581:. Retrieved
571:
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521:Jaini, P. S.
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191:, Avantika (
166:
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137:
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118:
98:
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93:
91:
2181:Dashavatara
2126:Mahabharata
2013:Kurukshetra
1928:Vaishnavism
1763:Ashtabharya
1731:Other names
1588:Uttara Kuru
1328:Maha Chinas
1126:Dakshinatya
1034:Mahabharata
461:Mahabharata
439:Mahabharata
426:Submergence
419:Mahabharata
189:Kanchipuram
139:Mahabharata
2208:Categories
2043:Pandharpur
1977:Holy sites
1934:Festivals
1923:Krishnaism
1793:Mitravinda
1773:Satyabhama
1716:Shrinathji
1558:Tamraparni
1503:Saurashtra
1433:Parvartaka
1278:Kishkindha
1256:Kimpurusha
708:B0042LUAO4
495:References
410:Bet Dwarka
127:Sapta Puri
2083:Mora Well
2065:Epigraphy
2038:Nathdwara
2033:Guruvayur
2003:Vrindavan
1870:Pradyumna
1835:Aniruddha
1798:Lakshmana
1788:Nagnajiti
1778:Jambavati
1706:Jagannath
1608:Vatadhana
1548:Surparaka
1498:Saraswata
1463:Prasthala
1176:Hara Huna
863:11.1.12 (
414:S. R. Rao
301:Raivataka
291:Harivamsa
284:Harivamsa
157:Harivamsa
99:Dvāravatī
36:Dvaravati
2164:See also
2088:Naneghat
2018:Jyotisar
1890:Vasudeva
1885:Ugrasena
1880:Subhadra
1845:Balarama
1751:Consorts
1633:Yaudheya
1623:Vidarbha
1568:Trigarta
1553:Surasena
1448:Pishacha
1428:Parasika
1408:Panchala
1393:Nishadas
1358:Mekhalas
1348:Manipura
1206:Kalakuta
1186:Himalaya
1156:Gandhāra
1146:Dasherka
1141:Dasharna
879:Archived
868:Archived
687:: 70–90.
523:(1993),
468:See also
454:—
388:(14,83).
345:Balarama
308:Brahmins
276:—
131:Hinduism
115:Buddhism
107:Hinduism
103:Sanskrit
2008:Dvaraka
1988:Mathura
1912:Worship
1895:Yashoda
1783:Kalindi
1768:Rukmini
1726:Vithoba
1701:Govinda
1675:Krishna
1578:Tushara
1563:Tangana
1523:Sinhala
1508:Sauvira
1488:Salveya
1473:Pulinda
1443:Paurava
1438:Parvata
1403:Pallava
1388:Niharas
1378:Nasikya
1373:Mushika
1368:Mudgala
1363:Mleccha
1333:Mahisha
1323:Magadha
1318:Madraka
1293:Kuninda
1283:Konkana
1271:Kingdom
1261:Kinnara
1226:Karusha
1221:Karnata
1216:Kamboja
1211:Kalinga
1201:Kasmira
1166:Gomanta
1151:Dwaraka
1136:Dasarna
1096:Bhārata
1091:Bahlika
637:3517633
583:15 June
436:of the
430:In the
376:Durvasa
369:Krishna
359:Lakshmi
355:Rukmini
351:(9,35).
245:Krishna
181:Ayodhya
177:Mathura
169:Puranas
148:Yadavas
136:In the
123:Krishna
119:Dvarika
111:Jainism
95:Dvārakā
84:Gujarat
65:Dvaraka
18:Dvaraka
2234:Dwarka
2186:Vishnu
2176:Avatar
2023:Bhalka
1919:Sects
1850:Devaki
1840:Arjuna
1817:Rohini
1803:Bhadra
1628:Yavana
1618:Videha
1598:Utkala
1533:Sonita
1518:Sindhu
1513:Shakya
1468:Pundra
1418:Parada
1413:Pandya
1353:Matsya
1343:Malava
1338:Malla
1288:Kosala
1266:Kirata
1251:Kikata
1241:Kerala
1236:Kekeya
1196:Kanchi
1116:Chinas
1081:Avanti
1076:Asmaka
1071:Assaka
1056:Anarta
1051:Andhra
1046:Abhira
990:
928:
842:
815:
784:ITRANS
757:
730:
706:
658:
635:
559:
533:
444:Arjuna
406:Dwarka
382:Arjuna
333:Events
195:) and
193:Ujjain
173:Tirtha
144:Dwarka
113:, and
80:Dwarka
32:Dwarka
2103:Texts
2053:Udupi
1993:Gokul
1875:Samba
1865:Nanda
1860:Kunti
1855:Kamsa
1758:Radha
1683:Forms
1613:Vatsa
1603:Vanga
1543:Suhma
1538:Sudra
1493:Salwa
1483:Salva
1313:Madra
1308:Lanka
1298:Kunti
1246:Khasa
1231:Kashi
1161:Garga
1131:Danda
1111:Chola
1106:Chera
1101:Chedi
1066:Anupa
633:JSTOR
374:Sage
339:Pandu
185:Kashi
2048:Puri
1948:Holi
1901:More
1583:Ursa
1573:Tulu
1528:Sivi
1478:Saka
1398:Odra
1383:Nepa
1303:Kuru
1191:Huna
1061:Anga
988:ISBN
926:ISBN
865:Text
840:ISBN
813:ISBN
755:ISBN
728:ISBN
704:ASIN
656:ISBN
585:2008
557:ISBN
531:ISBN
408:and
197:Puri
874:);
685:XCV
625:doi
459:of
289:In
2210::
1086:Ay
792:;
788:.
778:,
683:.
679:.
631:.
621:21
619:.
442:,
422:.
199:.
187:,
183:,
179:,
164:.
133:.
109:,
1667:e
1660:t
1653:v
1024:e
1017:t
1010:v
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934:.
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763:.
736:.
710:.
664:.
639:.
627::
587:.
565:.
101:(
42:.
20:)
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