Adi Shankara - Knowledge

3409: 5801:, p. 67): "Before the eighth century, the Buddha was accorded the position of universal deity and ceremonies by which a king attained to imperial status were elaborate donative ceremonies entailing gifts to Buddhist monks and the installation of a symbolic Buddha in a stupa ... This pattern changed in the eighth century. The Buddha was replaced as the supreme, imperial deity by one of the Hindu gods (except under the Palas of eastern India, the Buddha's homeland) ... Previously the Buddha had been accorded imperial-style worship (puja). Now as one of the Hindu gods replaced the Buddha at the imperial centre and pinnacle of the cosmo-political system, the image or symbol of the Hindu god comes to be housed in a monumental temple and given increasingly elaborate imperial-style puja worship." 2718:

doctrines. The early Vedanta scholars were from the upper classes of society, well-educated in traditional culture. They formed a social elite, "sharply distinguished from the general practitioners and theologians of Hinduism." Their teachings were "transmitted among a small number of selected intellectuals". Works of the early Vedanta schools do not contain references to Vishnu or Shiva. It was only after Shankara that "the theologians of the various sects of Hinduism utilized Vedanta philosophy to a greater or lesser degree to form the basis of their doctrines," whereby "its theoretical influence upon the whole of Indian society became final and definitive." Examples are

2763:, which was dominant in territories conquered by the Vijayanagara Empire. Furthermore, sects competed for patronage from the royal court, and tried to convert others to their own sectarian system. Vidyaranya and his brothers, note Paul Hacker and other scholars, wrote extensive Advaitic commentaries on the Vedas and Dharma to make "the authoritative literature of the Aryan religion" more accessible. Vidyaranya was an influential Advaitin, and he created legends to turn Shankara, whose elevated philosophy had no appeal to gain widespread popularity, into a "divine folk-hero who spread his teaching through his 5864:, pp. 44–45: "Shankara accuses them of disregarding all logic and refuses to enter in a controversy with them. The position of Shankara is interesting because, at heart, he is in full agreement with the Madhyamikas, at least in the main lines, since both maintain the reality of the One-without-a-second, and the mirage of the manifold. But Shankara, as an ardent hater of Buddhism, would never confess that. He therefore treats the Madhyamika with great contempt on the charge that the Madhyamika denies the possibility of cognizing the Absolute by logical methods (pramana). 3630:

scholars; these include: Kaushitaki Upanishad, Maitri Upanishad, Kaivalya Upanishad, Paramahamsa Upanishad, Sakatayana Upanishad, Mandala Brahmana Upanishad, Maha Narayana Upanishad, Gopalatapaniya Upanishad. However, in Brahmasutra-Bhasya, Shankara cites some of these Upanishads as he develops his arguments, but the historical notes left by his companions and disciples, along with major differences in style and the content of the commentaries on later Upanishad have led scholars to conclude that the commentaries on later Upanishads were not Shankara's work.

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scholar Shankara, while the monastery continues to recognize its 509 BCE chronology. Also, as per astronomical details given in books Shankara Satpatha, Shankara Vijaya, Brihat Shakara Vijaya and Prachina Shankara Vijaya, it is believed that Shankaracharya was born in 509 BCE. According to Kanhi Peetham, having established his divine mission, the incomparable Sankara attained his BrahmTbhava (identity with Brahman) at Kanchi, in the precincts of Sri Kamakshi, in his 32nd year, in 2625 Kali, in the cyclic year Raktakshi, corresponding to 476 B.C.

3646: 47: 3591: 4158:(Sanskrit: आप्तवचन, sayings of the wise, relying on word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). It is part of his and Advaita Vedanta's epistemological foundation. The Advaita Vedanta tradition considers such testimony epistemically valid, asserting that a human being needs to know numerous facts, and with the limited time and energy available, he can learn only a fraction of those facts and truths directly. Shankara considered the teachings in the Vedas and Upanishads as 4240:

hearing is merged into the mind, whose nature consists of thinking about things, and the mind is in turn merged into the intellect, which Sankara then says is made into 'mere cognition' (vijnanamatra); that is, all particular cognitions resolve into their universal, which is cognition as such, thought without any particular object. And that in turn is merged into its universal, mere Consciousness (prajnafnaghana), upon which everything previously referred to ultimately depends.

5938:: "The experiencing self (jīva) and the transcendental self of the Universe (ātman) are in reality identical (both are Brahman), though the individual self seems different as space within a container seems different from space as such. These cardinal doctrines are represented in the anonymous verse "brahma satyam jagan mithya; jīvo brahmaiva na aparah" (Brahman is alone True, and this world of plurality is an error; the individual self is not different from Brahman)." 14488: 2574: 5060: 14478: 2810: 11704: 1094: 5046: 5032: 2821: 164: 1156: 5074: 4702:...I am one He is another; I am ignorant, experience pleasure and pain, am bound and a transmigrator he is essentially different from me, the god not subject to transmigration. By worshipping Him with oblation, offerings, homage and the like through the the actions prescribed for class and stage of life, I wish to get out of the ocean of transmigratory existence. How am I he? 4811:; opponents have even accused Shankara of being a "crypto-Buddhist," a qualification which is rejected by the Advaita Vedanta tradition, given the differences between these two schools. According to Shankara, a major difference between Advaita and Mahayana Buddhism are their views on Atman and Brahman. According to both Loy and Jayatilleke, more differences can be discerned. 5932:: "There is only Brahman, which is necessarily undifferentiated. It follows that there cannot even be a difference, or duality, between the human subject, or self, and Brahman, for Brahman must be that very self (since Brahman is the reality underlying all appearance). The goal of human life and wisdom must, therefore, be the realization that the self (ātman) is Brahman." 3956:, "and not with the establishment of a complete system of philosophy or theology," following Potter, who qualifies Shankara as a "speculative philosopher." Lipner notes that Shankara's "main literary approach was commentarial and hence perforce disjointed rather than procedurally systematic though a systematic philosophy can be derived from Samkara's thought." 3229:, proclaiming that it was established by Shankara himself, as part of his campaign to propagate Shankara's Advaita Vedanta. Vidyaranya enjoyed royal support, and his sponsorship and methodical efforts helped establish Shankara as a rallying symbol of values, spread historical and cultural influence of Shankara's Vedānta philosophies, and establish monasteries ( 5567:, pp. 6–7): "...these modern interpreters are implying that most Advaitins after Samkara's time are confused and basically mistaken, and that 99% of the extant classical interpretive literature on Samkara's philosophy is off the mark. This is clearly a remarkably radical conclusion. Yet, there is good reason to think that it may well be true. 2706:." He argues that most of post-Shankara Advaita Vedanta actually deviates from Shankara, and that only his student Suresvara, who's had little influence, represents Shankara correctly. In this view, Shankara's influential student Padmapada misunderstood Shankara, while his views were manitained by the Suresvara school. 3952:'s Vedānta tradition. According to Mayeda, Shankara represents a turning point in the development of Vedānta, yet he also notices that it is only since Deussens's praise that Shankara "has usually been regarded as the greatest philosopher of India." Mayeda further notes that Shankara was primarily concerned with 5836:) in section 1.18.133 of Upadesasahasri, and section 1.1.4 of Brahmasutra-bhasya. NB: some manuscripts list Upadesasahasri verse 1.18.133 as 2.18.133, while Mayeda lists it as 1.18.133, because of interchanged chapter numbering. See Upadesa Sahasri: A Thousand Teachings, S Jagadananda (Translator, 1949), 4138:(means of knowledge) of reason and experience. Hacker and Phillips note that his insight into rules of reasoning and hierarchical emphasis on epistemic steps is "doubtlessly the suggestion" of Shankara in Brahma-sutra-bhasya, an insight that flowers in the works of his companion and disciple Padmapada. 4127:

According to Michael Comans (aka Vasudevacharya), Shankara considered perception and inference as a primary most reliable epistemic means, and where these means to knowledge help one gain "what is beneficial and to avoid what is harmful", there is no need for or wisdom in referring to the scriptures.

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states that prior to Shankara, views similar to his already existed, but did not occupy a dominant position within the Vedanta. Until the 11th century, Vedanta itself was a peripheral school of thought; Vedanta became a major influence when it was utilized by various sects of Hinduism to ground their

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have been issued to Sankara right towards the end of his career. King Sudhanwa is referred to not only by Jinavijaya but also by biographers like Madhava and Sadánanda." Citsukha's Brhat-Sankara Vijaya also gives us the year of 2663 of Yudhi. Saka i.e., 476 B.C. as the year of Sankara's passing away.

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springs only from inquiry into the teachings of the Upanishads. The method of yoga, encouraged in Shankara's teachings notes Comans, includes withdrawal of mind from sense objects as in Patanjali's system, but it is not complete thought suppression, instead it is a "meditative exercise of withdrawal

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rightly interprets this point as referring to the opinion of the Madhyamikas that logic is incapable to solve the question about what existence or non-existence really are. This opinion Shankara himself, as is well known, shares. He does not accept the authority of logic as a means of cognizing the

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leading to some confusion, discrepancies and scholarly disputes. The chronology stated in Kanchi Matha texts recognizes five major Shankaras: Adi, Kripa, Ujjvala, Muka and Abhinava. According to the Kanchi Matha tradition, it is "Abhinava Shankara" that western scholarship recognizes as the Advaita

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Arun Kumar Upadhyay: "The copper-plate of King Sudhanwa, said to have been issued to Sankara and now in the possession of Government on behalf of Dwärká Mutt, bears the date as Yudhisthira Saka 2663, Åsvin Sukla 15. This gives us 476 B.C. as the relevant year of his death. The copper-plate seems to

4710:," which is mediated by scriptural teachings, is contrasted with the notion of "I act," which is mediated by relying on sense-perception and the like. According to Shankara, the statement "Thou art That" "remove the delusion of a hearer," "so through sentences as "Thou art That" one knows one's own 4150:

Buddhists, while himself resorting to revelation as a source of knowledge. Sircar in 1933 offered a different perspective and stated, "Sankara recognizes the value of the law of contrariety and self-alienation from the standpoint of idealistic logic; and it has consequently been possible for him to

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of the 7th century CE. power became decentralised in India. Several larger kingdoms emerged, with "countless vasal states". The kingdoms were ruled via a feudal system. Smaller kingdoms were dependent on the protection of the larger kingdoms. "The great king was remote, was exalted and deified", as

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According to Koller, Shankara, and his contemporaries, made a significant contribution in understanding Buddhism and the ancient Vedic traditions, then transforming the extant ideas, particularly reforming the Vedanta tradition of Hinduism, making it India's most important "spiritual tradition" for

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as partial truths which converged in Shankara's teachings, which was regarded to be the most inclusive system. The Vaishanava traditions of Dvaita and Visishtadvaita were not classified as Vedanta, and placed just above Buddhism and Jainism, reflecting the threat they posed for Vidyaranya's Advaita

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the type of yoga which Sankara presents here is a method of merging, as it were, the particular (visesa) into the general (samanya). For example, diverse sounds are merged in the sense of hearing, which has greater generality insofar as the sense of hearing is the locus of all sounds. The sense of

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teach liberation as something apart from the knowledge of the oneness of the Self. Knowledge alone and insights relating to true nature of things, taught Shankara, is what liberates. He placed great emphasis on the study of the Upanisads, emphasizing them as necessary and sufficient means to gain

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has been questioned, though it is "so closely interwoven into the spiritual heritage of Shankara that any analysis of his perspective which fails to consider would be incomplete." According to Grimes, "modern scholars tend to reject its authenticity as a work by Shankara," while "traditionalists

2793:, proclaiming that it was established by Shankara himself. Vidyaranya enjoyed royal support, and his sponsorship and methodical efforts helped establish Shankara as a rallying symbol of values, spread historical and cultural influence of Shankara's Vedānta philosophies, and establish monasteries ( 2690:

as the source of avidya. It sees yogic practice and contemplation as the main factor in the acquirement of liberation, while the study of the Vedas and reflection are additional factors. The later Advaita Vedanta tradition incorporated Maṇḍana Miśra into the Shankara-fold, by identifying him with

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According to Clark, "Sankara was relatively unknown during his life-time, and probably for several centuries after, as there is no mention of him in Buddhist or jain sources for centuries; nor is he mentioned by other important philosophers of the ninth and tenth centuries." According to King and

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tend to accept it." Nevertheless, does Grimes argue that "there is still a likelihood that Śaṅkara is the author of the Vivekacūḍāmaṇi," noting that "it differs in certain respects from his other works in that it addresses itself to a different audience and has a different emphasis and purpose."

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Commentaries on Nrisimha-Purvatatapaniya and Shveshvatara Upanishads are attributed to Shankara, but their authenticity is highly doubtful. Similarly, commentaries on several early and later Upanishads attributed to Shankara are rejected by scholars to be his works, and are likely works of later

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started to take shape, as Advaitins in the Vijayanagara Empire competed for patronage from the royal court, and tried to convert others to their sect. It is only during this period that the historical fame and cultural influence of Shankara and Advaita Vedanta was established. Many of Shankara's

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and various traditions within Hinduism were competing for members. Buddhism in particular had emerged as a powerful influence in India's spiritual traditions in the first 700 years of the 1st millennium CE, but lost its position after the 8th century, and began to disappear in India. This was

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which had previously existed before him". According to Nakamura, after the growing influence of Buddhism on Vedānta, culminating in the works of Gauḍapāda, Adi Shankara gave a Vedantic character to the Buddhistic elements in these works, synthesising and rejuvenating the doctrine of Advaita.

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Thereafter, the hagiographies about Shankara vary significantly. Different and widely inconsistent accounts of his life include diverse journeys, pilgrimages, public debates, installation of yantras and lingas, as well as the founding of monastic centers in north, east, west and south India.

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Scholars note that one of the most cited Shankara hagiographies, Anandagiri's, includes stories and legends about historically different people, but all bearing the same name of Sri Shankaracarya or also referred to as Shankara but likely meaning more ancient scholars with names such as

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of Adi Shankara's life. These, as well as other hagiographical works on Shankara, were written many centuries to a thousand years after Shankara's death, in Sanskrit and non-Sanskrit languages, and the hagiographies are filled with legends and fiction, often mutually contradictory.

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with Govindapada, and Shankara authoring several key works in his youth, while he was studying with his teacher. It is with his teacher Govinda, that Shankara studied Gaudapadiya Karika, as Govinda was himself taught by Gaudapada. Most also mention a meeting with scholars of the

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schools, each with Advaita notions, of which four have continued in his tradition: Bharati (Sringeri), Sarasvati (Kanchi), Tirtha and Asramin (Dvaraka). Other monasteries that record Shankara's visit include Giri, Puri, Vana, Aranya, Parvata and Sagara – all names traceable to

3442:). However, most of these are not authentic works of Shankara, and are likely to be written by his admirers, or scholars whose name was also Shankaracharya. Piantelli has published a complete list of works attributed to Adi Sankara, along with issues of authenticity for most. 2590:. Hagiographies from the 14th-17th century portray him as a victor who travelled all over India to help restore the study of the Vedas According to Frank Whaling, "Hindus of the Advaita persuasion (and others too) have seen in Sankara the one who restored the Hindu 2514:

CE: Late 20th-century and early 21st-century scholarship tends to place Shankara's life in the first half of the 8th century. This estimate is based on the probable earliest and latest limits for his lifetime. His works contains traces of debates with Buddhist and

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The disintegration of central power also lead to regionalisation of religiosity, and religious rivalry. Local cults and languages were enhanced, and the influence of "Brahmanic ritualistic Hinduism" was diminished. Rural and devotional movements arose, along with

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Reliable information on Shankara's actual life is scanty. His existing biographies are not historical accurate documents, but politically motivated hagiographies which were all written several centuries after his time and abound in legends and improbable events.

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elevated Advaita Vedanta "as the connecting theological thread that united Hinduism into a single religious tradition." Shankara became "an iconic representation of Hindu religion and culture," despite the fact that most Hindus do not adhere to Advaita Vedanta.

2254:. Reliable information on Shankara's actual life is scanty, and his true impact lies in his "iconic representation of Hindu religion and culture," despite the fact that most Hindus do not adhere to Advaita Vedanta. He is seen as "the one who restored the Hindu 5555:, p. 128: "Although it is common to find Western scholars and Hindus arguing that Sankaracarya was the most influential and important figure in the history of Hindu intellectual thought, this does not seem to be justified by the historical evidence." 4894:

of the Bhedabheda Vedānta tradition, similarly around 800 CE, accused Shankara's Advaita as "this despicable broken down Mayavada that has been chanted by the Mahayana Buddhists", and a school that is undermining the ritual duties set in Vedic orthodoxy.

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According to Nakamura, comparison of the known teachings of the early Vedantins and Shankara's thought shows that most of the characteristics of Shankara's thought "were advocated by someone before Śankara". Shankara "was the person who synthesized the

5926:, pp. 100–101: "Atman, which is identical to Brahman, is ultimately the only reality and the appearance of plurality is entirely the work of ignorance the self is ultimately of the nature of Atman/Brahman Brahman alone is ultimately real." 2258:

against the attacks of the Buddhists (and Jains) and in the process helped to drive Buddhism out of India." Tradition also portrays him as the one who reconciled the various sects (Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Saktism) with the introduction of the

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as their witness. It is considered more reasonable to give up only of the two which arises from ignorance. I.18.7: "The notion, "I am the Existent," arises from right means of knowledge the other notion has its origin in fallacious means of

4714:, the witness of all internal organs," and not from any actions. With this realization, the performance of rituals is prohibited, "since rituals and their requisites is contradictory to the realization of the identity with the highest 2966:

or else the crocodile will kill him. The mother agrees, Shankara is freed and leaves his home for education. He reaches a Saivite sanctuary along a river in a north-central state of India, and becomes the disciple of a teacher named

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Merrell-Wolff states that Shankara accepts Vedas and Upanishads as a source of knowledge as he develops his philosophical theses, yet he never rests his case on the ancient texts, rather proves each thesis, point by point using the

3094:, a Hindu pilgrimage site in the Himalayas. Texts say that he was last seen by his disciples behind the Kedarnath temple, walking in the Himalayas until he was not traced. Some texts locate his death in alternate locations such as 4334:. According to Shankara, the individual Ātman and Brahman seem different at the empirical level of reality, but this difference is only an illusion, and at the highest level of reality they are really identical. The real self is 2638:

Although it is common to find Western scholars and Hindus arguing that Sankaracarya was the most influential and important figure in the history of Hindu intellectual thought, this does not seem to be justified by the historical

3368:, is added. Panchayatana puja is a practice that became popular in medieval India, and has been attributed to Adi Shankara. However, archaeological evidence suggests that this practice long predates the birth of Adi Shankara. 2428:

Several different dates have been proposed for Shankara. While the Advaita-tradition assigns him to the 5th century BCE, the scholarly-accepted dating places Shankara to be a scholar from the first half of the 8th century CE.

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While often revered as the most important Indian philosopher, the historical influence of his works on Hindu intellectual thought has been questioned. Until the 10th century Shankara was overshadowed by his older contemporary

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Kena Upanishad has two commentaries that are attributed to Shankara – Kenopnishad Vakyabhasya and Kenopnishad Padabhasya; scholars contest whether both are authentic, several suggesting that the Vakyabhasya is unlikely to be

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parents. His parents were an aged, childless, couple who led a devout life of service to the poor. They named their child Shankara, meaning "giver of prosperity". His father died while Shankara was very young. Shankara's

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From this, and a large number of other accordances, Nakamura concludes that Shankar was not an original thinker, but "a synthesizer of existing Advaita and the rejuvenator, as well as a defender, of ancient learning."

2283:, and there is no mention of him in concurring Hindu, Buddhist or Jain sources until the 11th century. The popular image of Shankara started to take shape in the 14th century, centuries after his death, when Sringeri 5576:

The hagiographies of Shankara mirror the pattern of synthesizing facts, fiction and legends as with other ancient and medieval era Indian scholars. Some hagiographic poems depict Shankara as a reincarnation of deity

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805–897 CE: Venkiteswara not only places Shankara later than most, but also had the opinion that it would not have been possible for him to have achieved all the works apportioned to him, and has him live ninety-two

4927:, a term more common in Hinduism, is the similar liberating release from craving and ignorance, yet aided by the realization and acceptance that one's inner Self is not a personal 'ego-self', but a Universal Self. 5635:

era (pre-300 CE). The Kushan period set includes Shiva, Vishnu, Surya, Brahma and one deity whose identity is unclear. According to James Harle, major Hindu temples from 1st millennium CE embed the

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While the details and chronology vary, most hagiographies present Shankara as traveling widely within India, Gujarat to Bengal, and participating in public philosophical debates with different orthodox schools of

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According to Nakamura, Shankara was not an original thinker, but systematised the works of preceding philosophers. The central theme of Shankara's writings is the liberating knowledge of the identity of the Self

6048:

Up.I.18.219: "The renunciation of all actions becomes the means for discriminating the meaning of the word "Thou" since there is an teaching, "Having become calm, self-controlled " (Bhr. Up. IV, 4, 23)."

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from the particular and identification with the universal, leading to contemplation of oneself as the most universal, namely, Consciousness". Describing Shankara's style of yogic practice, Comans writes:

3587:(प्रकरण, monographs, treatise), seventy-six works are attributed to Shankara. Modern era Indian scholars such as Belvalkar as well as Upadhyaya accept five and thirty-nine works respectively as authentic. 5018:

was released in an Indian Telugu-language biographical film written and directed by J. K. Bharavi and was later dubbed in Kannada with the same title, by Upendra giving narration for the Kannada dubbed

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Despite Shankara's criticism of certain schools of Mahayana Buddhism, Shankara's philosophy shows strong similarities with the Mahayana Buddhist philosophy which he attacks. According to S.N. Dasgupta,

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or "means to gain knowledge, reasoning methods that empower one to gain reliable knowledge". According to Sengaku Mayeda, "in no place in his works does he give any systematic account of them," taking

4108:), and "an investigation of the means of knowledge is of no use for the attainment of final release." Mayeda notes that Shankara's arguments are "strikingly realistic and not idealistic," arguing that 4848:

According to Mudgal, Shankara's Advaita and the Buddhist Madhyamaka view of ultimate reality are compatible because they are both transcendental, indescribable, non-dual and only arrived at through a

10844: 9064:, pp. 57–58: "Shankara directly identifies this awakened atman with Brahman and the higher knowledge. And Brahman, reminds the Advaitist, is known only from the Upanishadic sayings". 4832:

of Nagarjuna The debts of Shankara to the self-luminosity of the Vijnanavada Buddhism can hardly be overestimated. There seems to be much truth in the accusations against Shankara by

4613:, that is, the sense-objects and sense-organs, and the pleasant and unpleasant things and merit and demerit connected with them. Yet, Shankara then concludes with declaring that only 2751:, also known as Madhava, who was the 12th Jagadguru of the Śringeri Śarada Pītham from 1380 to 1386 and a minister in the Vijayanagara Empire, inspired the re-creation of the Hindu 8840: 5873:

Absolute, but he deems it a privilege of the Vedantin to fare without logic, since he has Revelation to fall back upon. From all his opponents, he requires strict logical methods."

11736: 3290:("five-shrine worship") as a solution to varied and conflicting devotional practices. Thus one could worship any one of five deities (Vishnu, Siva, Durga, Surya, Ganesa) as one's 3995:

According to Shankara, the one unchanging entity (Brahman) alone is real, while changing entities do not have absolute existence. Shankara's primary objective was to explain how

4307:, which states that for proper understanding one must "accept only meanings that are compatible with all characteristics" and "exclude meanings that are incompatible with any". 3621:

is the oldest surviving. However, in that commentary, he mentions older commentaries like those of Dravida, Bhartrprapancha and others which are either lost or yet to be found.

2686:. His thought was mainly inspired by Mandana Miśra, and harmonises Shankara's thought with that of Mandana Miśra. The Bhamati school takes an ontological approach. It sees the 4493:, "the Existent" Existence, Being, or Brahman, the Real, the "Root of the world," the true essence or root or origin of everything that exists. "Tvam" refers to one's real I, 2501:, Macdonnel, Pathok, Deussen and Radhakrishna. Though the 788–820 CE dates are widespread in 20th-century publications, recent scholarship has questioned the 788–820 CE dates. 2476:

state that Shankara was born in the 14th year of the reign of "Vikramaditya", but it is unclear to which king this name refers. Though some researchers identify the name with

4322:, liberation from suffering and rebirth and attaining immortality, is attained by disidentification from the body-mind complex and gaining self-knowledge as being in essence 3161:

Most of the notable authors in the advaita tradition were members of the sannyasa tradition, and both sides of the tradition share the same values, attitudes and metaphysics.

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opponents have even accused Shankara of being a "crypto-Buddhist," a qualification which is rejected by the Advaita Vedanta tradition, highlighting their respective views on

9448: 6125:, Journal of Indian Philosophy Vol. 7, No. 1 (MARCH 1979), pp. 1-42: "Hindus of the Advaita persuasion (and others too) have seen in Sankara the one who restored the Hindu 4651:. Vācaspati Miśra, a student of Mandana Misra, agreed with Mandana Misra, and their stance is defended by the Bhamati-school, founded by Vācaspati Miśra. In contrast, the 3963:

school of Hinduism, but most distinctly express his Advaitin convictions with a monistic view of spirituality, and his commentaries mark a turn from realism to idealism.

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Vidya-sankara, Sankara-misra and Sankara-nanda. Some hagiographies are probably written by those who sought to create a historical basis for their rituals or theories.

8117: 8069: 4263:

Shankara cautioned against cherrypicking a phrase or verse out of context from Vedic literature, and remarks in the opening chapter of his Brahmasutra-Bhasya that the

2341:). However, most of these are likely to be written by admirers or pretenders or scholars with an eponymous name. Works known to be written by Shankara himself are the 4686:. The "doctrine of difference" is wrong, asserts Shankara, because, "he who knows the Brahman is one and he is another, does not know Brahman". The false notion that 3672:

are also attributed to Shankara, as his original philosophical treatises, but this is doubtful. Paul Hacker has also expressed some reservations that the compendium

10961: 5472:, p. 63: "The Buddhist schools reject any Ātman concept. As we have already observed, this is the basic and ineradicable distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism". 10383:

Goodding, Robert A. (2013), "A Theologian in a South Indian Kingdom: The Historical Context of the Jivanmuktiviveka of Vidyaranya", in Lindquist, Steven E. (ed.),

4128:

In certain matters related to metaphysics and ethics, says Shankara, the testimony and wisdom in scriptures such as the Vedas and the Upanishads become important.

3878:

Shankara lived in the time of the great "Late classical Hinduism", which lasted from 650 till 1100 CE. This era was one of political instability that followed the

7536:

Joël André-Michel Dubois (2014). The Hidden Lives of Brahman: Sankara's Vedanta Through His Upanisad Commentaries, in Light of Contemporary Practice. SUNY Press.

2958:(hermit) from early childhood. His mother disapproved. A story, found in all hagiographies, describe Shankara at age eight going to a river with his mother, 1076: 5173: 4631:

was advocated by Mandana Misra, the older contemporary of Shankara who was the most influential Advaitin until the 10th century. "According to Mandana, the

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The hagiographies vary in their description of where he went, who he met and debated and many other details of his life. Most mention Shankara studying the

5712:

This includes also the dualistic Vaishna bhakti traditions, which have also commented on the Upanishads and the Brahma Sutras, but take a different stance.

3914:, though "sectarian groupings were only at the beginning of their development". Religious movements had to compete for recognition by the local lords, and 3078:, Chitsukha, Prthividhara, Chidvilasayati, Bodhendra, Brahmendra, Sadananda and others, who authored their own literature on Shankara and Advaita Vedanta. 9917:

David Loy (1982), Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?, International Philosophical Quarterly, 23(1), pp. 65–74

4174:

and others state that Shankara did not rely exclusively on Vedic statements, but also used a range of logical methods and reasoning methodology and other

3959:

Shankara has been described as influenced by Shaivism and Shaktism, but his works and philosophy suggest greater overlap with Vaishnavism, influence of

2497:

788–820 CE: This was proposed by late 19th and early twentieth century scholars, following K.P. Tiele, and was customarily accepted by scholars such as

2618:, the simultaneous worship of five deities – Ganesha, Surya, Vishnu, Shiva and Devi, arguing that all deities were but different forms of the one 2271:, the simultaneous worship of five deities – Ganesha, Surya, Vishnu, Shiva and Devi, arguing that all deities were but different forms of the one 3927:

reflected in the change of puja-ceremonies at the courts in the 8th century, where Hindu gods replaced the Buddha as the "supreme, imperial deity".

13404: 13052: 9989:

Thomas McFaul (2006), The Future of Peace and Justice in the Global Village: The Role of the World Religions in the Twenty-first Century, Praeger,

4737:(a fire ritual), asserts Shankara, can help draw and prepare the mind for the journey to Self-knowledge. He emphasizes the need for ethics such as 5581:, much like other Indian scholars are revered as reincarnation of other deities; for example, Mandana-misra is depicted as an embodiment of deity 3812:

more than a thousand years. Benedict Ashley credits Adi Shankara for unifying two seemingly disparate philosophical doctrines in Hinduism, namely

3181:

under an umbrella grouping of ten names. Several other Hindu monastic and Ekadandi traditions remained outside the organisation of the Dasanāmis.

4919:, a term more often used in Buddhism, is the liberating 'blowing out' of craving, aided by the realization and acceptance that there is no Self ( 3098:(Tamil Nadu) and somewhere in the state of Kerala.According to the hagiographies related to the monastery of Kanchi, Adi Sankara died at Kanchi. 5275: 4404:

in Ch.U.6.12.3, it' original location from where it was copied to other verses, referring to "the very nature of all existence as permeated by "

7134:, pp. 346–347, 420–423: "There is little firm historical information about Suresvara; tradition holds Suresvara is same as Mandana Misra". 4342:. Whereas the difference between Ātman and non-Ātman is deemed self-evident, knowledge of the identity of Ātman and Brahman is revealed by the 2606:

lineages. Tradition portrays him as the one who reconciled the various sects (Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Saktism) with the introduction of the

5349: 10210: 3046:(monasteries), but this is uncertain. Ten monastic orders in different parts of India are generally attributed to Shankara's travel-inspired 10706:

Lipner, Julius (2000), "The Self of Being and the Being of Self: Samkara on "That You Are" (Tat Tvam Asi)", in Malkovsky, Bradley J. (ed.),

5442:

is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence."

4759:

Shankara, while rejecting empirical reality due to his position of nonduality, still attributes value to the universe as it identifies with

5910:, p. 219: "Brahman (the Absolute) is alone real; this world is unreal; and the Jiva or individual soul is non-different from Brahman." 2785:

allegiance. Bhedabheda wasn't mentioned at all, "literally written out of the history of Indian philosophy." Such was the influence of the

11401: 14547: 12659: 11812: 5002: 4515:, the Witness of all the internal organs." Up.I.18.190: "Through such sentences as " the Existent" right knowledge concerning the inner 4162:

and a valid source of knowledge. He suggests the importance of teacher-disciple relationship on combining logic and revelation to attain

9955:(1986), The Face of Truth: A Study of Meaning and Metaphysics in the Vedantic Theology of Rāmānuja, State University of New York Press, 5458: 4244:

Shankara rejected those yoga system variations that suggest complete thought suppression leads to liberation, as well the view that the

3430:

Adi Shankara is highly esteemed in contemporary Advaita Vedanta, and over 300 texts are attributed to his name, including commentaries (

8895:

Franklin Merrell-Wolff (1995), Transformations in Consciousness: The Metaphysics and Epistemology, State University of New York Press,

3408: 2789:, that early Indologists also regarded Advaita Vedanta as the most accurate interpretation of the Upanishads. And Vidyaranya founded a 2176: 420: 10133:

Bhatawadekar, Sai (2013), "The Tvat Tam Asi Formula and Schopenhauer's 'Deductive Leap'", in Fuechtner, Veronika; Rhiel, Mary (eds.),

10104: 8248: 2664:

became the normative Advaita Vedanta theory of error, and for a couple of centuries he was the most influential Vedantin. His student

14607: 14451: 9120:

Mayeda & Tanizawa (1991), Studies on Indian Philosophy in Japan, 1963–1987, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 529–535

5786: 4994: 2975:, where they met, as well as what happened later. Several texts suggest Shankara schooling with Govindapada happened along the river 12754: 11741: 5304:, pp. 29–31) notes that the Rigveda, and Sayana's commentary, contain passages criticizing as fruitless mere recitation of the 4209:. The affirmations of the Śruti, it is argued, need to be verified and confirmed by the knowledge gained through direct experience ( 4197:

According to these studies, Shankara only accorded a provisional validity to the knowledge gained by inquiry into the words of the

3988:. One of Shankara's main concerns was establishing the Upanishads as an independent means of knowledge beyond the ritually-oriented 3173:

in the Vijayanagara Empire. From the 14th century onwards hagiographies were composed, in which he is portrayed as establishing the

14577: 14517: 14462: 5525: 5006: 10999: 9176: 9048: 14622: 11480: 9443: 8981: 4998: 4775:, associated with the universe and its attributes, from the absolute nondual Brahman. Drawing from the Upanishads, Shankara sees 3401:

to commemorate his life and work on 21 September 2023. Another 12-foot statue at Kedarnath was unveiled by Indian Prime Minister

11377: 5438:, p. 64: "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman, the opposed doctrine of 13445: 845: 10172: 8285: 5844:, Verse 2.8.133, p. 258; Karl H Potter (2014), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 3, Princeton University Press, 2594:

against the attacks of the Buddhists (and Jains) and in the process helped to drive Buddhism out of India." His teachings and

2310:

to propagate his philosophy, defeating his opponents in theological debates. These hagiographies portray him as founding four

13019: 11768: 11448: 11429: 11229: 11209: 11163: 11142: 11076: 11028: 11009: 10989: 10950: 10929: 10911: 10890: 10815: 10774: 10746: 10688: 10661: 10642: 10540: 10520: 10490: 10466: 10439: 10421: 10403: 10358: 10312: 10200: 10114: 10039: 10023: 9994: 9931: 9746: 9186: 9096: 8998: 8969: 8934: 8917: 8900: 8476: 8430: 8419: 8404: 8372: 7976: 7949: 7916: 7698: 7521: 7494: 7326: 7041: 6975: 6811: 6146: 5849: 5841: 5469: 5435: 5424: 11193:

Polemics and Patronage in the City of Victory: Vyasatirtha, Hindu Sectarianism, and the Sixteenth-Century Vijayanagara Court

8142:

M Piantelly, Sankara e la Renascita del Brahmanesimo, Indian Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Apr. 1977), pp. 429–435

5676: 4903:

The qualification of "crypto-Buddhist" is rejected by the Advaita Vedanta tradition, highlighting their respective views on

4721:

However, Shankara also asserts that Self-knowledge is realized when one's mind is purified by an ethical life that observes

4374:, which are taken literal, in contrast to other statements, have a special importance in revealing this identity. They are: 2946:, the initiation into student-life, had to be delayed due to the death of his father, and was then performed by his mother. 2726:, "the major force in the religions of Hinduism," with philosophical thought, meanwhile rejecting Shankara's views, and the 13045: 5430:

Steven Collins (1994), Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State Univ of New York Press,

6827: 5324:

was considered as more important and vital to education than their mere mechanical repetition and correct pronunciation."

4625:

should be fully contemplated, should be contemplated." As Mayeda states, "how they differ from each other in not known."

7688: 4497:

or inner Self, the "direct Witness within everything," "free from caste, family, and purifying ceremonies," the essence,

680: 315: 4836:

and others that he was a hidden Buddhist himself. I am led to think that Shankara's philosophy is largely a compound of

3350:

or any personal god of devotee's preference. Sometimes the Ishta Devata is the sixth deity in the mandala. while in the

2962:, to bathe, and where he is caught by a crocodile. Shankara called out to his mother to give him permission to become a 14567: 13337: 13320: 11564: 11047: 9960: 9529: 7880: 7589: 7564: 3682:

is doubtful to be Shankara's work. Other commentaries that are highly unlikely to be Shankara's work include those on

3678:

was completely authored by Shankara, because of difference in style and thematic inconsistencies in parts. Similarly,

2382:

teachings of his time. The central concern of Shankara's writings is the liberating knowledge of the true identity of

14632: 14587: 14522: 13864: 11114: 10971: 10728: 10627: 10623: 10590: 10586: 10332: 10264: 10182: 10043: 8603: 8437: 8041: 5357: 4230:

knowledge, but such yogic state of mind cannot in itself give rise to such knowledge. To Shankara, that knowledge of

1794: 1122: 714: 11634: 5268:

For an example of Shankara's reasoning "why rites and ritual actions should be given up", see Karl Potter on p. 220;

2695:(9th century), believing that Maṇḍana Miśra became a disciple of Shankara after a public debate which Shankara won. 8363: 5320:, pp. 29, 34) concludes that in the Rigvedic education of the mantras "the contemplation and comprehension of 3153:

Advaita Vedanta is, at least in the west, primarily known as a philosophical system. But it is also a tradition of

2733: 2530:'s commentary on Sankara's work, dated first half of the 9th century, thus setting the latest limit for Sankara at 1056: 12220: 3017:(an Indian tradition of public philosophical debates attended by large number of people, sometimes with royalty). 2703: 14532: 14491: 14149: 14062: 13038: 11805: 11184:Śaivism in Philosophical Perspective: A Study of the Formative Concepts, Problems, and Methods of Śaiva Siddhānta 13261: 11860: 9129:

Michael Comans (1996), Śankara and the Prasankhyanavada, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 49–71

6970:

Per Durst-Andersen and Elsebeth F. Lange (2010), Mentality and Thought: North, South, East and West, CBS Press,

14602: 14537: 14527: 12152: 8312:, pp. 41–56, "Sankaracarya and Sankarabhagavatpada: Preliminary Remarks Concerning the Authorship Problem" 5393:, p. 183): "It is well-known that Sankara was criticized by later (rival) Vedantins as a crypto-Buddhist ( 2169: 2294:

Shaivism to Brahmanical Advaita orthodoxy. Hagiographies dating from the 14th-17th centuries deified him as a

14642: 14627: 14592: 14441: 14274: 14067: 13926: 13777: 12854: 10068: 1081: 155: 10854:

Nowicka, Olga (2016), "Conquering the World, Subduing the Minds: Śaṅkara's digvijaya in the Local Context",

5493:

The successive heads of the Kanchi and all other major Hindu Advaita tradition monasteries have been called

14647: 14582: 14416: 12954: 12553: 6129:

against the attacks of the Buddhists (and Jains) and in the process helped to drive Buddhism out of India."

5916:, p. 54: " essential status is that of unqualified reality, of identity with the Absolute the self ( 5138: 4463:, chapter 18, "That Art Thou," is devoted to considerations on the insight "I am ever-free, the existent" ( 3944:

According to Koller, using ideas in ancient Indian texts, Shankara systematized the foundation for Advaita

2971:. The stories in various hagiographies diverge in details about the first meeting between Shankara and his 10322: 9737: 8929:

Stephen Phillips (2000) in Roy W. Perrett (Editor), Epistemology: Indian Philosophy, Volume 1, Routledge,

4470: 14572: 13828: 13785: 13315: 13305: 11155:

History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature: From the Earliest Beginnings to Our Own Times

8322: 6771: 5464:

John C. Plott et al. (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass,

2699: 2295: 2287:

started to receive patronage from the kings of the Vijayanagara Empire and shifted their allegiance from

12433: 5352:

University of Kloen, Germany (2009); Karl Potter (1998), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 4,

2743:

biographies were created and published in and after the 14th century, such as Vidyaranya's widely cited

14557: 13790: 13455: 13420: 13216: 12523: 12418: 11798: 10940: 7545:

Roshen Dalal (2010). The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths. Penguin Books India.

5944:, p. 88) notes that Shankara uses two groups of words to denote 'atman': "One group - principally 2800: 2104: 1733: 1377: 486: 12378: 4824:

Shankara and his followers borrowed much of their dialectic form of criticism from the Buddhists. His

3266:, Shankara established the nondualist interpretation of the Upanishads as the touchstone of a revived 2554:

6th century CE: Telang placed him in this century. Sir R.G. Bhandarkar believed he was born in 680 CE.

1526: 14637: 14597: 14009: 13470: 12699: 12285: 11855: 5782: 5108: 4981: 4802: 3425: 3184:

According to tradition, Adi Sankara organised the Hindu monks of these ten sects or names under four

2162: 1071: 1066: 1061: 581: 242: 27: 6141:

Klaus Klostermaier (2007), A Survey of Hinduism, Third Edition, State University of New York Press,

4891: 4562:

is non-existent, child, body are sublated. Therefore, when it is realized that 'I am the existent

4519:

will become clearer." Up.I.18.193-194: "In the sentence "Thou art That" he word "That" means inner

2668:, who is believed to have been an incarnation of Shankara to popularize the Advaita view, wrote the 598: 19:

This article is about the vedic scholar Adi Shankara. For the title used in Advaita traditions, see

14552: 14127: 14057: 13878: 13643: 13572: 13567: 13266: 12339: 12322: 11919: 8249:"A Journey through Vedantic History – Advaita in the Pre-Sankara, Sankara and Post-Sankara Periods" 5158: 3674: 3650: 3525: 3470: 3174: 2315: 2206: 2070: 2065: 1829: 1051: 976: 893: 12383: 8414:

English Translation 1: K Parappaḷḷi and CNN Nair (2002), Saankarasaagaram, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan,

5682: 4303:

school of Hinduism, Shankara consolidated and applied it with his unique exegetical method called

3729:-edition of Shankara's works, but some scholars consider it to be the work of Shankara's student. 2649: 2645: 2280: 481: 14324: 14039: 13979: 13971: 13668: 13663: 13450: 13435: 13300: 12599: 12579: 12269: 11961: 11104: 10482:

Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture"

5163: 4989:

language in which all of Adi Shankaracharya's works were compiled. The movie received the Indian

4414: 1779: 1226: 1163: 709: 310: 11239:

Tola, Fernando (1989). "On the Date of Maṇḍana Miśra and Śaṅkara and Their Doctrinal Relation".

9890: 3011:

school of Hinduism namely Kumarila and Prabhakara, as well as Mandana and various Buddhists, in

2734:

Vijayanagara Empire and Vidyaranya (14th century) - creation of traditional (hagiographic) views

14542: 13921: 13740: 13357: 13352: 13061: 12879: 12844: 12280: 12005: 10254: 10013: 9819: 8385: 8255: 8009: 7941: 5014: 4956: 4543:"is a famous characteristic of Sankara's thought, but it was already taught by Sundarapandya" ( 3614:

are not sectarian, but essentially Advaitic and reach for a unified universal view of Vedanta.

2772: 2622:, the invisible Supreme Being, implying that Advaita Vedanta stood above all other traditions. 392: 12296: 11458:

Hirst, J. S. (2005). "A Questioning Approach: Learning from Shankara's Pedagogic Techniques".

9943:

Mudgal, S.G. (1975), Advaita of Shankara: A Reappraisal, New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, p. 4

7908: 7484: 6801: 5540:, p. 99: "the best recent scholarship argues that he was born in 700 and died in 750 CE." 3169:

in the 14th century, to facilitate the adoption of his teachings by previously Saiva-oriented

3101: 2551:: the commentator Anandagiri believed he was born at Chidambaram in 44 BCE and died in 12 BCE. 2357: 14512: 14456: 14411: 14349: 14339: 13678: 13542: 13387: 13377: 13362: 13310: 12057: 10803: 9512: 8070:"Madhya Pradesh CM unveils Adi Shankaracharya statue at Omkareshwar: Its story, significance" 7870: 3974:

The central theme of Shankara's writings is the liberating knowledge of the true identity of

1668: 1648: 1356: 1349: 1115: 932: 719: 476: 305: 11219: 10285:

The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda

10174:

The Character of the Self in Ancient India: Priests, Kings, and Women in the Early Upanisads

8912:

Will Durant (1976), Our Oriental Heritage: The Story of Civilization, Simon & Schuster,

2453: 14612: 14446: 13891: 13823: 13766: 13750: 13735: 13715: 13673: 13547: 13392: 13382: 13367: 13332: 13327: 13295: 12443: 11761: 11584: 10350: 7444: 5956:- expresses the illusory aspect of the soul But in addition there are the two expressions 5195:

Modern scholarship places Shankara in the earlier part of the 8th century CE (c. 700–750).(

5168: 5113: 4990: 4601:

meditation, that is, meditation on the meaning of the sentences, and in Up.II.3 recommends

4186: 4171: 3538: 3474: 3413: 3178: 3115: 3107: 2968: 2869: 2850: 2396:, taking the Upanishads as an independent means of knowledge, beyond the ritually-oriented 2303: 2055: 1993: 1658: 1011: 888: 883: 759: 586: 462: 222: 129: 14089: 12099: 10982:

Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Vol. III: Advaita Vedānta up to Śaṃkara and his pupils

4267:(theme or purport) of any treatise can only be correctly understood if one attends to the 8: 14617: 14431: 14132: 14004: 13883: 13552: 13475: 13465: 13342: 13226: 13221: 12789: 12729: 12503: 12077: 12001: 11835: 11680: 6027:("the Existent") with Brahman, the Chandogya Upanishad itself does not refer to Brahman. 5742: 5627:

period, and one Panchayatana set from the village of Nand (about 24 kilometers from

4385: 3873: 3478: 3218:

was headed by one of his four main disciples, who each continues the Vedanta Sampradaya.

2925:

According to the oldest hagiographies, Shankara was born in the southern Indian state of

2752: 2568: 2307: 2218: 1501: 948: 922: 12664: 12398: 11924: 9610: 8964:

Arvind Sharma (2008), The Philosophy of Religion and Advaita Vedanta, Penn State Press,

5439: 3989: 2776:("Summary of all views") Vidyaranya presented Shankara's teachings as the summit of all 2755:

of South India. This may have been in response to the devastation caused by the Islamic

2665: 2527: 2397: 2388: 1557: 1511: 1205: 653: 14562: 14421: 14379: 14289: 14254: 14029: 13994: 13896: 13838: 13800: 13795: 13631: 13621: 13425: 13397: 13347: 13138: 13098: 12303: 12114: 11944: 11662: 11543: 11500: 11293: 11285: 11256: 10502:(1998), "Ritual, Authority, And Cycle Time in Hindu Kingship", in J.F. Richards (ed.), 10159: 9741:

English Translation: S Jagadananda (Translator, 1949), Upadeshasahasri, Vedanta Press,

7934: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6274: 4785: 4749:, stating the lack of ethics as causes that prevent students from attaining knowledge. 4443: 4425: 4360:

According to Shankara, a large number of Upanishadic statements reveal the identity of

3714: 3502: 3482: 3394: 3318:(worship) in the Smarta tradition. It consists of the worship of five deities set in a 2442:: this dating is based on records of the heads of the Shankara's cardinal institutions 1407: 367: 14184: 14137: 12644: 12314: 12147: 11508: 9091:

George Thibaut (Translator), Brahma Sutras: With Commentary of Shankara, Reprinted as

6747: 3610:) – often considered two different sects within Hinduism. Scholars suggest that these 2767:("universal conquest," see below) all over India like a victorious conqueror." In his 2656:, but also wrote a seminal text on Advaita that has survived into the modern era, the 2644:

Roodurmun, until the 10th century Shankara was overshadowed by his older contemporary

1998: 14481: 14477: 14359: 14344: 14014: 13961: 13941: 13843: 13833: 13760: 13589: 13579: 13372: 13160: 13080: 12694: 12674: 12629: 12498: 12275: 12251: 12244: 11821: 11713: 11560: 11444: 11425: 11381: 11297: 11248: 11225: 11205: 11159: 11138: 11110: 11072: 11043: 11024: 11005: 10985: 10967: 10946: 10925: 10907: 10886: 10811: 10770: 10767:

Seeing Through Zen. Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism

10742: 10724: 10716: 10684: 10657: 10638: 10619: 10610: 10582: 10573: 10536: 10516: 10486: 10462: 10435: 10417: 10399: 10354: 10328: 10308: 10260: 10196: 10178: 10163: 10110: 10019: 9990: 9956: 9927: 9750: 9742: 9525: 9182: 9092: 8994: 8965: 8930: 8913: 8896: 8627: 8609: 8599: 8482: 8472: 8426: 8415: 8368: 8037: 7992: 7972: 7945: 7912: 7901: 7876: 7694: 7585: 7560: 7517: 7490: 7322: 7037: 6971: 6807: 6142: 5865: 5845: 5837: 5735: 5465: 5431: 5420: 5353: 5133: 5088: 5079: 4808: 4299:(verifiable reasoning). While this methodology has roots in the theoretical works of 3713:

Shankara is widely credited with commentaries on other scriptural works, such as the

3498: 3129: 3075: 2934: 2609: 2401: 2346: 2329:

Due to his later fame, over 300 texts are attributed to him, including commentaries (

2262: 2232: 2197: 2150: 2089: 2060: 1819: 1491: 1184: 1139: 699: 694: 275: 13984: 12959: 11994: 6271: 4779:

as the universe's material and intelligent cause, emanating it through the power of

4409: 3645: 14384: 14247: 14217: 14207: 14202: 14099: 14084: 13730: 13626: 13460: 13280: 13251: 13190: 13128: 12899: 12533: 12468: 12256: 12190: 12119: 11900: 11892: 11689: 11654: 11619: 11578:. Vol. II Part 2: Advaita Vedanta. Delhi: Centre for Studies in Civilizations. 11535: 11492: 11467: 11277: 11021:

Accomplishing the Accomplished: The Vedas as a Source of Valid Knowledge in Sankara

10899: 10876: 10863: 10450:

Studies in Kumarila and Sankara, Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik, Monographic 9

10385:

Religion and Identity in South Asia and Beyond: Essays in Honor of Patrick Olivelle

10371: 10151: 8281: 5749: 5143: 5128: 4000: 3980: 3869: 3825: 3662: 3636: 3248: 3242: 3142: 3038:, as well as heterodox traditions such as Buddhists, Jains, Arhatas, Saugatas, and 3035: 2829: 2630:

Scholars have questioned Shankara's early influence in India. The Buddhist scholar

2481: 2448:

s. The exact dates of birth of Adi Shankaracharya believed by four monasteries are

2364: 2314:("monasteries"), and Adi Shankara also came to be regarded as the organiser of the 2291: 2241: 2017: 1713: 1703: 1393: 1370: 1293: 1147: 1108: 1097: 1046: 1006: 927: 898: 557: 540: 344: 265: 204: 12478: 11344: 10561:

Early Advaita Vedanta and Buddhism: The Mahayana Context of the Gaudapadiya-Karika

10047: 8401: 3721:, but both these are considered apocryphal by scholars who have expressed doubts. 3477:

are authentic. Hacker and Mayeda also accept as authentic the commentaries on the

2954:

Shankara's hagiographies describe him as someone who was attracted to the life of

46: 14391: 14374: 14329: 14319: 14264: 14237: 14174: 14169: 14154: 14079: 13815: 13805: 13440: 13430: 13231: 13108: 12849: 12719: 12594: 12493: 12169: 12087: 12062: 11984: 11731: 11153: 11066: 10880: 10480: 10476: 10393: 10343: 10302: 9452: 9287: 9080:

The question of the importance of Samādhi in modern and classical Advaita Vedānta

8464: 8408: 8031: 7991:

Various Papers: Śaṅkarācārya, Conference on Sankara and Shanmata (1969), Madras,

7966: 7511: 7031: 5823:

The suffering created by the workings of the mind entangled with physical reality

5756: 5447: 5123: 5065: 5037: 4475: 4370: 4271:, that is six characteristics of the text under consideration: (1) the common in 4013: 3852: 3517: 3494: 3469:

According to Flood, of the Upanishadic commentaries only his commentaries on the

3313: 3263: 3203: 3059: 3052: 2756: 2714: 2631: 2615: 2587: 2485: 2477: 2457: 2379: 2268: 2251: 1683: 1572: 1541: 1328: 1303: 1001: 981: 764: 754: 704: 673: 658: 530: 508: 496: 377: 285: 178: 114: 99: 52: 12939: 12010: 11709: 11356: 10757: 10414:

The Vivekacudamani of Sankaracarya Bhagavatpada: An Introduction and Translation

5778: 4829: 4593:. He states that "right knowledge arises at the moment of hearing," and rejects 4249:

Self-liberating knowledge. Sankara also emphasized the need for and the role of

3247:

Traditionally, Shankara is regarded as the greatest teacher and reformer of the

2480:(4th century CE), modern scholarship accepts the Vikramaditya as being from the 14364: 14354: 14294: 14242: 14179: 14074: 13999: 13956: 13936: 13725: 13601: 13562: 13256: 13246: 13241: 13165: 12924: 12874: 12864: 12513: 12408: 12290: 12233: 12203: 12072: 11845: 11471: 11329: 10868: 8993:

M. Hiriyanna (2000), The Essentials of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass,

8118:"arun: Karnataka: Sculptor from Mysuru chiselled 14-ft Shankaracharya's statue" 7319:

Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra

5891: 5611: 5494: 5308:(words) without understanding their inner meaning or essence, the knowledge of 5297: 5249: 4503: 4465: 4459: 4167: 4061: 3580: 3544: 3490: 3486: 3398: 3376:

Shankara's position was further established in the 19th and 20th-century, when

2473: 2323: 2224: 2123: 1678: 1597: 1587: 1496: 1335: 991: 738: 520: 456: 372: 20: 12909: 12094: 12025: 11126:

Paths to Transcendence: According to Shankara, Ibn Arabi & Meister Eckhart

10577: 9515:, The Upanishads, Part I, Oxford University Press, pages 92–109 with footnotes 6842: 14506: 14334: 14259: 14142: 14122: 14034: 13989: 13200: 12373: 12346: 12209: 12196: 12183: 12137: 12082: 11726: 11603: 11252: 10963:

Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Vol. II: Advaita Vedanta From 800 To 1200

10614: 9952: 8613: 8486: 6731: 5760: 5632: 5623:

Many Panchayatana mandalas and temples have been uncovered that are from the

5148: 4833: 4146:

Stcherbatsky in 1927 criticized Shankara for demanding the use of logic from

3879: 3739: 3725:

is also widely believed in India to be Shankara's work and it is included in

3718: 3513: 3402: 3211: 2652:, an older contemporary of Shankara, was a Mimamsa scholar and a follower of 2351: 2114: 2050: 2045: 2012: 1891: 1824: 1799: 1784: 1774: 1628: 1451: 1435: 1342: 1016: 986: 903: 860: 769: 643: 569: 552: 470: 466: 290: 11951: 11422:

Jivanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta

10395:

A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English

10126:

Conquest of the Four Quarters. TYraditional Accounts of the Life of Shankara

5511:("The Moon of Noble Knowledge"), who in turn cited Bhatta Nilakantha's work 4154:

Recent scholarship states that Shankara's arguments on revelation are about

4077:

Shankara recognized the means of knowledge, but his thematic focus was upon

3602:

Shankara's stotras considered authentic include those dedicated to Krishna (

3590: 2889:

by Citsukha is the oldest hagiography but only available in excerpts, while

2809: 2498: 1887: 1531: 996: 51:

Painting of Adi Shankara, exponent of Advaita Vedanta with his disciples by

14279: 14269: 14232: 14222: 14212: 14104: 14019: 13848: 13512: 13236: 13185: 12919: 12819: 12804: 12538: 12176: 12109: 11989: 11969: 11850: 11774: 11624: 11607: 10607:

Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and 'The Mystic East'

10598:

Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and 'The Mystic East'

10570:

Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and 'The Mystic East'

10499: 10061: 9421: 9004: 7626: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7618: 5624: 5452: 5051: 4969: 4961: 4850: 4746: 4643:

convey an indirect knowledge which is made direct only by deep meditation (

4092: 3746: 3618: 3567: 3459: 3339: 3199: 3102:

Hagiographies: attribution of Mathas and Smarta tradition (14-17th century)

3071: 2449: 2326:, used by heads of certain monasteries in India, is derived from his name. 2094: 1743: 1608: 1400: 1247: 1028: 971: 733: 397: 339: 300: 210: 185: 11939: 11782: 11718: 10670:

Koller, John M. (2013), "Shankara", in Meister, Chad; Copan, Paul (eds.),

10432:

Philology and Confrontation: Paul Hacker on Traditional and Modern Vedanta

9754: 9552: 9550: 9524:

Dominic Goodall (1996), Hindu Scriptures, University of California Press,

8631: 7996: 5274:

on various Upanishads repeat "give up rituals and rites", see for example

5243: 5237: 4882:, the founder of Vishishtadvaita Vedānta, accused Adi Shankara of being a 4783:, thereby making the universe sentient and self-aware. In relation to the 3634: 3306: 3185: 3135: 3113: 3086:

According to hagiographies, supported by four maths, Adi Shankara died at

3067: 2939: 2907: 2899: 2897:

by Anandagiri are the most cited. Other significant hagiographies are the

2692: 2607: 2443: 2362: 2260: 648: 387: 14299: 14284: 14164: 14159: 13705: 13638: 13557: 13522: 13502: 13170: 13030: 12999: 12889: 12869: 12639: 12463: 12423: 12413: 12215: 12030: 11914: 10846:

Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual History

10276:

The Daśanāmī-saṃnyāsīs. The Integration Of Ascetic Lineages Into An Order

5728: 5348:

may also mean "goal, purpose or essence," depending on the context. See:

5153: 4886:, that is, a "crypto-Buddhist", and someone who was undermining theistic 4511:

Up.I.174: "Through such sentences as "Thou art That" one knows one's own

4082: 4078: 3883: 3603: 3381: 3377: 3165:

Shankara was a Vaishnavite who came to be presented as an incarnation of

3124: 3095: 3091: 3058:

Shankara had a number of disciple scholars during his travels, including

3013: 3003: 2980: 2856: 2759:, but his efforts were also targeted at Sri Vaishnava groups, especially 2573: 2465: 2405: 2022: 1977: 1930: 1880: 1809: 1693: 1618: 1443: 1421: 1363: 1311: 1198: 940: 746: 237: 13091: 12834: 11666: 11289: 11260: 10376:

Handboek voor Yoga (Dutch translation; English title "Textbook of Yoga")

9783: 9598: 8643: 8626:

TMP Mahadevan (1968), Shankaracharya, National Book Trust, pp. 283–285,

8440:

Isha Foundation (2011); Includes translation, transliteration and audio.

7615: 7149: 6120: 5378:

is the real aim of Vedic learning, and not the mere recitation of texts.

5215:} The cardinal Advaita matha's assign his dates as early as 509–477 BCE. 4844:

Buddhism with the Upanisad notion of the permanence of self superadded.

14227: 14024: 13946: 13931: 13720: 13690: 13653: 13611: 13606: 13537: 13175: 12949: 12929: 12839: 12794: 12769: 12709: 12704: 12654: 12574: 12548: 12483: 12309: 12262: 12067: 12015: 11658: 11547: 11504: 11281: 10652:

Koller, John (2012), "Shankara", in Meister, Chad; Copan, Paul (eds.),

10633:

Koller, John (2007). "Shankara". In Meister, Chad; Copan, Paul (eds.).

10155: 9843: 9795: 9547: 9079: 8947: 7301:

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mādhava Āchārya". Encyclopædia Britannica.

5789:, during which power became decentralised end new Chán-schools emerged. 5370: 5103: 5098: 4841: 4589:, Shankara is ambivalent on the need for meditation on the Upanishadic 4400:, "the Existent"); correctly translated as "That's how you are," with 4380: 4147: 3949: 3903: 3839: 3668: 3595: 3561: 3454:) on ancient Indian texts. Shankara's masterpiece of commentary is the 3251: 3222: 2999: 2941: 2768: 2748: 2702:, "almost all the later Advaitins were influenced by Mandana Misra and 2595: 2099: 1985: 1613: 1321: 908: 850: 806: 668: 663: 535: 491: 430: 382: 12239: 11574:

Pandey, S. L. (2000). "Pre-Sankara Advaita". In Chattopadhyana (ed.).

11087:

The Method of the Vedanta. A Critical Account of the Advaita Tradition

9224: 6923: 5328:, p. 35) refers to Sayana as stating that "the mastery of texts, 2825: 2738:

In medieval times, Advaita Vedanta position as most influential Hindu

2378:, with liberating knowledge of the self at its core, synthesizing the 14369: 14094: 13916: 13745: 13710: 13695: 13658: 13075: 12974: 12809: 12634: 12609: 12528: 12488: 12473: 12428: 12226: 12020: 9897:(Winter 2021 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 9831: 9311: 9049:

The limits of scripture: Vivekananda's reinterpretation of the Vedas.

7188: 5964:. These also designate the individual soul, but in its real aspect." 5645: 5093: 4976: 4855: 4310: 3960: 3654: 3532:) are accepted by scholars as authentic works of Shankara. Among the 3506: 3360: 3343: 3087: 2988: 2833: 2299: 2109: 1967: 1871: 1789: 1723: 1552: 1414: 633: 325: 280: 139: 11974: 11790: 11694: 11539: 11496: 11058:

Bhāmatī and Vivaraṇa Schools of Advaita Vedānta: A Critical Approach

9807: 9622: 8730: 5459:

Is The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?

4729:(non-injury, non-violence to others in body, mind and thoughts) and 3583:, his most important original philosophical work. Of other original 3450:

Shankara is most known for his systematic reviews and commentaries (

3405:

on 5 November 2019, is made of chlorite schist and weighs 35 tonnes.

3233:) to expand the cultural influence of Shankara and Advaita Vedānta. 2797:) to expand the cultural influence of Shankara and Advaita Vedānta. 1268: 14436: 14426: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13853: 13700: 13616: 13584: 13497: 13489: 13180: 13155: 13123: 13118: 12969: 12859: 12799: 12749: 12744: 12589: 12584: 12543: 12508: 12458: 12393: 12388: 12142: 11979: 11698: 9493: 9258: 9256: 8425:

English Translation 2: Igor Kononenko (2010), Teachers of Wisdom,

7823: 7821: 7674:

Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road. Westview Press, 1998

5653: 5610:

in central Kerala. The house he was born in is still maintained as

5118: 5059: 4986: 4879: 4863: 4837: 4652: 4087: 3915: 3899: 3786:

Without fear, without death, without discrimination, without caste;

3607: 3351: 3319: 3274:

Practically, Shankara fostered a rapprochement between Advaita and

3259: 3207: 3154: 3134: 3039: 2984: 2955: 2719: 2653: 2648:, the latter considered to be the major representative of Advaita. 2625: 2603: 2599: 2461: 2319: 2145: 1972: 1907: 1761: 1638: 1582: 1385: 1254: 1240: 855: 190: 88: 26:"Adi Shankaracharya" redirects here. For the 1983 Indian film, see 12979: 9028: 5832:

Mayeda refers to statements from Shankara regarding epistemology (

4682:(God), because that assumes the Self within is different from the 4647:). The latter is a continuous contemplation of the purport of the 4368:. In the Advaita Vedānta tradition, four of those statements, the 4222:

Shankara considered the purity and steadiness of mind achieved in

4198: 3781:

Neither the experiencer, nor experienced, nor the experience am I,

3752:

Without hate, without infatuation, without craving, without greed;

3624: 3278:

orthodoxy, which by his time had not only continued to defend the

1940: 1093: 13685: 13596: 13517: 13507: 13150: 13103: 12989: 12984: 12964: 12904: 12894: 12884: 12824: 12774: 12764: 12689: 12679: 12669: 12614: 12448: 12328: 12052: 11929: 11904: 11840: 11576:

History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization

10224:

Māyā in Radhakrishnanʾs Thought: Six Meanings Other Than Illusion

7372: 7370: 7368: 5869: 5649: 5321: 5154:

Jyotirmath Peetham (North), Jyotirmath, Badrikashram, Uttarakhand

4920: 4916: 4915:. There are differences in the conceptual means of "liberation." 4867: 4825: 4738: 4683: 4501:, which the individual at the core is. As Shankara states in the 4388:. Traditionally rendered as "That Thou Art" (that you are), with 4331: 4231: 4134: 3984: 3945: 3919: 3894:, which could also depict the king as the centre of the mandala. 3891: 3830: 3817: 3813: 3463: 3347: 3008: 2976: 2670: 2619: 2516: 2400:-exegesis of the Vedas. Shankara's Advaita shows influences from 2392: 2374: 2272: 2246: 2237: 2084: 2077: 2032: 1962: 1900: 1848: 1521: 1470: 1261: 1212: 1177: 831: 821: 811: 787: 610: 270: 12714: 10784: 10135:

Imagining Germany Imagining Asia: Essays in Asian-German Studies

10011: 9634: 9253: 8718: 8649: 7818: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6433: 6431: 6429: 5656:(half Shiva, half Vishnu) are set in Panchayatana worship style. 4870:

philosophy of Hinduism may be a matter of emphasis, not of kind.

4771:, using various terms for both. However, he generally separates 3221:

According to Paul Hacker, the system may have been initiated by

2905:(of Cidvilāsa, c. between the 15th and 17th centuries), and the 13755: 13648: 13527: 12994: 12944: 12934: 12829: 12814: 12734: 12724: 12684: 12624: 12619: 12604: 12569: 12518: 12438: 12104: 11934: 11875: 11745: 9457: 9411: 9409: 7758: 7722: 7285: 7283: 6990:

From Totapuri to Maharaji: Reflections on a Lineage (Parampara)

6954: 6952: 6950: 5811: 5641: 5607: 5586: 5582: 5338: 4939:(1927), Indian silent film about Shankara by Kali Prasad Ghosh. 4924: 4887: 4730: 4390: 4245: 4227: 4213:) and the authority of the Śruti, therefore, is only secondary. 4163: 4035: 3996: 3911: 3907: 3888: 3835: 3327: 2930: 2926: 2820: 2814: 2723: 2562: 2519:

authors from th 5th-7th century, setting the earliest limit at

1945: 1855: 1756: 435: 425: 415: 16:

8th-century Indian Vedic scholar and teacher of Advaita Vedanta

11404:

Saanen 2nd Conversation with Swami Venkatesananda 26 July 1969

10839:(Reprint of Shoki No Vedanta Tetsugaku, Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo) 9646: 7365: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6450: 6448: 6446: 5524:

The date 788–820 is also among those considered acceptable by

4483:", "that thou art." In this statement, according to Shankara, 4043:, the cycle of rebirth This is stated by Shankara as follows: 3777:

Without sins, without merits, without elation, without sorrow;

3512:

Other authentic works of Shankara include commentaries on the

163: 13532: 13085: 13009: 13004: 12914: 12784: 12739: 12649: 12453: 12403: 12352: 12333: 11909: 11870: 11221:

Sankara Digvijaya – The traditional life of Sri Sankaracharya

9670: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9271: 8510: 8508: 8093:"PM Modi unveils Adi Guru Shankaracharya statue at Kedarnath" 7382: 6911: 6667: 6586: 6576: 6574: 6426: 6290: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6201: 5628: 5578: 5344: 5334: 4734: 4722: 4550:

or earlier). Shankara cites Sundarapandya in his comments to

4489: 4396: 4300: 4193:

in Shankara's epistemology as follows, before critiquing it:

3923: 3335: 3323: 3187: 3166: 3121: 2995: 2131: 2036: 1954: 1481: 1191: 816: 801: 320: 10681:

Indian Transnationalism Online: New Perspectives on Diaspora

9406: 8950:, The Philosophical Review, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 249–271 8525: 8523: 8218: 8216: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8172: 7399: 7397: 7280: 6947: 5810:

Brahman is not to be confused with the personalised godhead

13113: 13014: 12779: 12759: 11865: 11084: 10324:

The Essential Vedanta: A New Source Book of Advaita Vedanta

9973: 9971: 9969: 9926:

KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge,

9860: 9858: 8783: 8781: 8742: 8666: 8664: 8203: 8201: 8199: 7712: 7710: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7200: 7155: 6872: 6870: 6618: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6443: 5590: 5419:

KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge,

5266:

Shankara, himself, had renounced all religious ritual acts.

4945:(1928), Indian silent film by Parshwanath Yeshwant Altekar. 4223: 3966: 3779:

Neither mantra, nor rituals, neither pilgrimage, nor Vedas;

3331: 3302: 2727: 2687: 1864: 1428: 826: 362: 216: 9870: 9771: 9759: 9535: 9377: 9268: 9144: 9016: 8877: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8540: 8538: 8505: 8030:

Asher, Frederick (1981). Joanna Gottfried Williams (ed.).

7845: 7270: 7268: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7013: 7011: 6996: 6882: 6608: 6606: 6571: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6198: 5159:

Shri Sringeri Sharada Peetham (South), Sringeri, Karnataka

3112:

Traditionally, Shankara is regarded as the founder of the

2913:(of the Kerala region, extant from c. the 17th century).} 2709: 13195: 11526:

Navone, J. J. (1956). "Sankara and the Vedic Tradition".

10739:

A thousand teachings : the Upadeśasāhasrī of Śaṅkara

10246:

A Tradition of Teachers: Śaṅkara and the Jagadgurus Today

9682: 9658: 9469: 9365: 9355: 9353: 9082:, Philosophy East & West. Vol. 43, Issue 1, pp. 19–38 8800: 8798: 8796: 8766: 8520: 8228: 8213: 8169: 7770: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7409: 7394: 7137: 6157: 6155: 6137: 6135: 6100: 6098: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6060: 5365: 4527:

The statement "tat tvam asi" sheds the false notion that

4201:(Vedas) and did not see the latter as the unique source ( 3790:

Neither kith, nor kin, neither teacher, nor student am I;

2586:

Shankara has an unparallelled status in the tradition of

2548: 2439: 2372:

His authentic works present a harmonizing reading of the

11441:

The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India

10459:

Tradition and Reflection: Explorations in Indian Thought

9966: 9855: 9694: 9586: 9574: 9562: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9323: 9299: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9102: 8984:

Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne University, Germany

8855: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8822: 8778: 8708: 8706: 8691: 8681: 8679: 8661: 8493: 8333: 8331: 8196: 7806: 7734: 7707: 7636: 7598: 7166: 7164: 6867: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6506: 6460: 6380: 6378: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6353: 5548: 5546: 5507:

Tiele based this dating on Yajnesvara Sastri's treatise

3801:

I am Consciousness, I am Bliss, I am Shiva, I am Shiva.

3792:

I am Consciousness, I am Bliss, I am Shiva, I am Shiva.

3783:

I am Consciousness, I am Bliss, I am Shiva, I am Shiva.

3774:

I am Consciousness, I am Bliss, I am Shiva, I am Shiva.

2369:

has been questioned and mostly rejected by scholarship.

10233:

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft

10231:

Brereton, Joel P. (1986), "'Tat Tvam Ast' in Context",

9828:, p. 192 (Up.I.18.196-197); p. 195 (Up.I.18.2019). 9340: 9338: 9243: 9241: 9239: 8646:, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1–42 8562: 8550: 8535: 7426: 7424: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7265: 7241: 7229: 7212: 7176: 7113: 7089: 7077: 7050: 7008: 6684: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6603: 6535: 6416: 6414: 6390: 6234: 6224: 6222: 6031:, p. 8): "Although the text does not use the term 5360:, Motilal Banarsidass, pp 610 (note 17).) According to 5227:

means "first", to distinguish him from other Shankaras.

5207:) Earlier generations of scholars proposed 788–820 CE.( 4878:

and non-theistic doctrinal similarities with Buddhism.

4789:, Shankara compares the universe's unmanifest state to 3795:

Without form, without figure, without resemblance am I;

1155: 295: 10142:

Biderman, Shlomo (1978). "Śankara and the Buddhists".

10075: 9706: 9350: 9156: 8865: 8793: 7648: 7253: 7067: 7065: 6992:. 27th Spalding Symposium on Indian Religions, Oxford. 6657: 6655: 6302: 6259: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6152: 6132: 6095: 6072: 4923:) as the center of perception, craving, and delusion. 2933:

sometimes spelled as Kalati or Karati. He was born to

2211: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11366: 11364: 10535:. Albany: State University of New York Press (SUNY). 10515:. Albany: State University of New York Press (SUNY). 9718: 9481: 9445:

Chandogya Upanishad Bhasya - Chapter 6 (Tat Tvam Asi)

9389: 9207: 9132: 8846: 8810: 8754: 8703: 8676: 8463: 8445: 8343: 8328: 8157: 8145: 7833: 7746: 7509: 7161: 7029: 6935: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6696: 6554: 6496: 6494: 6375: 6350: 5543: 5164:

Shri Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu

3042:. The hagiographies credit him with starting several 2468:

Peetham Adi Shankara was born in Kali 2593 (509 BCE).

11241:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

10826:

Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes

10798:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 10717:"An Introduction to the Life and Thought of Sankara" 9335: 9236: 9195: 8050: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7421: 7344: 7332: 6840: 6635: 6411: 6314: 6219: 5920:) is only misperceived: the self is really Brahman." 5787:

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907–960/979)

5652:; and the temples containing fusion deities such as 5027: 4985:

was premiered, the first film ever made entirely in

3393:

A 108-foot statue of Adi Shankara was unveiled near

3020: 11309:. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. 10721:

A Thousand Teachings: The Upadeśasāhasrī of Śaṅkara

10012:Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (10 July 2014). 8325:

S Madhavananda (Translator), Advaita Ashrama (1921)

7903:

The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent

7062: 6729: 6652: 6326: 6167: 4217: 3754:

Neither arrogance, nor conceit, never jealous I am;

3524:(tertiary notes) on the commentary by Vedavyasa on 3157:. Philosophy and renunciation are closely related: 2577:

Adi Sankara Keerthi Sthampa Mandapam, Kalady, Kochi

2361:. The authenticity of Shankara being the author of 11361: 11340: 11338: 11322: 10808:Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist 10342: 8305: 8303: 8025: 8023: 7933: 7900: 7101: 6894: 6491: 5386: 5384: 4796: 4678:, discourages ritual worship such as oblations to 4662:–1300) follows Shankara closely, arguing that the 3148: 10938: 10635:The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion 10345:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 9619:, pp. 173-174 (Up.I.18.9-19), p.196 note 13. 9438: 9436: 9074: 9072: 9070: 8383: 8033:Kalādarśana: American studies in the art of India 7894: 7892: 7857: 7827: 6864:, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, Madras, 1976. 6338: 3633:The authenticity of Shankara being the author of 3062:(also called Sanandana, associated with the text 2805:- "The conquests of Shankara" (14th-17th century) 14504: 11268:Whaling, Frank (1979). "Shankara and Buddhism". 10215:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 6826:T.S. Narayana Sastry (1916, republished 1971), 6795: 6793: 6186: 5895:). I.18.6: "The two notions "I am the Existent- 4694:is connected with the novice's conviction that ( 4635:are incapable, by themselves, of bringing about 4069: 3371: 2626:Prominence of Maṇḍana Miśra (until 10th century) 2581: 11645:Whaling, Frank (1979). "Śankara and Buddhism". 11518:A History of Early Vedanta Philosophy. Part One 11378:"Sankara Acarya Biography – Monastic Tradition" 11335: 11040:The Advaita Worldview: God, World, and Humanity 10835:A History of Early Vedanta Philosophy. Part Two 10696: 10304:Advaita Vedanta: A Philosophical Reconstruction 8960: 8958: 8956: 8471:. University of Notre Dame Press. p. 395. 8390:. Manonmani Publishers (Reprint). p. 1786. 8300: 8246: 8020: 7376: 6014:"the Absolute", "infinite", "the Highest truth" 5405: 5403: 5381: 4874:Some Hindu scholars criticized Advaita for its 4617:exists, stating that "all the sentences of the 4189:summarizes the widely held view on the role of 3625:Works of doubtful authenticity or not authentic 10430:Hacker, Paul (1995), Halbfass, Wilhelm (ed.), 10252: 9433: 9067: 7889: 6580: 6115: 6113: 6035:, the Vedanta tradition is that the Existent ( 4814: 4577: 3193: 2983:, a few place it along river Ganges in Kashi ( 13046: 11806: 11443:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 11199: 10672:Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion 10654:Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion 10549: 10190: 10106:Coromandel: A Personal History of South India 10054: 8636: 7925: 7516:. Susquehanna University Press. p. 192. 7125: 6958: 6790: 6284: 6066: 5689:The Question of Authorship of Vivekachudamani 5515:("The fragrance of Sankara's paradise tree"). 5276:Shankara's Bhasya on Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4951:(1955), Indian Hindi film by Sheikh Fattelal. 4763:. He sometimes blurs the distinction between 4326:, and attaining knowledge of the identity of 4052:I am Self, the supreme unconditioned Brahman. 3528:as well as those on Apastamba Dharma-sũtras ( 2170: 1116: 11217: 11202:Śaṃkara's Advaita Vedānta: A Way of Teaching 11102: 10697:Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (1998), 10320: 10132: 9505: 9317: 9281: 8953: 8016:. Basics of Hinduism. Kauai Hindu Monastery. 7872:Mandalas and Yantras in the Hindu Traditions 7468: 6917: 6888: 6799: 6597: 6028: 5861: 5400: 5262: 5260: 5258: 4669: 4256: 3788:Neither father, nor mother, never born I am; 3710:attributed to Shankara is also unauthentic. 3501:. The authenticity of the commentary on the 2855:There are at least fourteen different known 2563:Traditional and historical views on Shankara 11608:"Dr. Richard de Smet and Sankara's Advaita" 11481:"Śaṁkara's Arguments against the Buddhists" 11349: 11123: 10723:, State University of New York City Press, 10678: 10475: 7851: 7442: 7002: 6517: 6110: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5236:He is also known as Shankara Bhagavatpada ( 5149:Dwarka Kalika Pitha (West), Dwarka, Gujarat 4807:Shankara's Vedanta shows similarities with 4666:are the direct cause of gaining knowledge. 4535:. According toNakamura, the non-duality of 4295:(explained meaning, praised point) and (6) 3797:Vitality of all senses, in everything I am; 2306:(conquest of the four quarters) across the 13060: 13053: 13039: 11813: 11799: 10679:Kruijf, Johannes de; Sahoo, Ajaya (2014), 10370: 10256:The Philosophy of Sankar's Advaita Vedanta 10032: 8411:Sringeri Vidya Bharati Foundation (2012); 8279: 7489:. Popular Prakashan. 2000. pp. 379–. 7259: 6987: 4968:plays the role of Adult Aadi Sankaran and 4141: 3930: 3806:—Adi Shankara, Nirvana Shatakam, Hymns 3–6 3732: 3198:) (monasteries), with the headquarters at 2404:, despite Shankara's critiques; and Hindu 2177: 2163: 1123: 1109: 45: 14452:Relationship between religion and science 11623: 11397: 11395: 11393: 11391: 11181: 11172: 11093: 11055: 11037: 11018: 10867: 10842: 9913: 9911: 9700: 9688: 9676: 9664: 9371: 9034: 8787: 8772: 7999:, Reprinted by HathiTrust Digital Library 7971:. Columbia University Press. p. 49. 7868: 7415: 7403: 7388: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7289: 7194: 7119: 7095: 7083: 7056: 7017: 6437: 6213: 6161: 6005:"Consciousness", "intelligence", "wisdom" 5973: 5907: 5528:, though he raises a number of questions. 5255: 3055:system in Hinduism and Vedic literature. 2660:. The "theory of error" set forth in the 11735:) is being considered for deletion. See 11528:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 11520:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 11060:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 10898: 10875: 10832: 10823: 10802: 10793: 10456: 10447: 10382: 10291: 10230: 10141: 9592: 9580: 9568: 9415: 9329: 9305: 9293: 9230: 9218: 9052:University of Hawaii Press, pp. 124–125. 8697: 8670: 8581: 8544: 8514: 8499: 8367:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 8002: 7968:Darśan: Seeing the divine image in India 7247: 7235: 7223: 7206: 7182: 6629: 6612: 6548: 6529: 6454: 6420: 6265: 6039:) referred to is no other than Brahman." 5889:I.18.3: "I am ever-free, the existent" ( 5876: 5721: 5361: 5325: 5317: 5301: 5293: 5281: 3644: 3589: 3407: 2819: 2808: 2572: 11267: 10942:Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1–5 10853: 10837:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers 10530: 10527:Some editions spell the author Isayeva. 10340: 10300: 10243: 9977: 9895:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 9712: 9296:, p. 151-152; p.349 note 8.7-16.3. 9162: 8593: 8387:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda 8355: 7812: 7036:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. vii–x. 6941: 6876: 6856: 6854: 6308: 6287:, pp. 60–62 with notes 6, 7 and 8. 5977: 5913: 4890:devotionalism. The non-Advaita scholar 4346:, especially the Upanishadic statement 4253:(Acharya, teacher) for such knowledge. 4021:, "That you are." Correct knowledge of 3434:), original philosophical expositions ( 2873:) of Shankara'), while some are called 2710:Vaishnavite Vedanta (10th-14th century) 2318:monastic order, and the unifier of the 14505: 13378:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology 11388: 11190: 11151: 11135:A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy 11132: 11042:, State University of New York Press, 10979: 10959: 10755: 10736: 10714: 10705: 10669: 10651: 10632: 10510: 10461:. State University of New York Press. 10429: 10411: 10391: 10282: 10208: 10081: 10007: 10005: 10003: 9908: 9876: 9864: 9849: 9837: 9825: 9813: 9801: 9789: 9777: 9765: 9724: 9652: 9640: 9628: 9616: 9604: 9556: 9541: 9499: 9487: 9475: 9463: 9427: 9400: 9383: 9359: 9262: 9150: 9138: 9108: 9061: 9022: 9010: 8883: 8871: 8859: 8843:, S Vireswarananda (Translator), p. 35 8828: 8816: 8804: 8760: 8748: 8736: 8724: 8712: 8685: 8655: 8529: 8451: 8349: 8337: 8309: 8207: 7940:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7752: 7740: 7728: 7716: 7686: 7642: 7609: 7359: 7338: 7304: 7274: 7170: 7143: 7131: 6929: 6905: 6717: 6690: 6678: 6646: 6565: 6500: 6485: 6405: 6384: 6369: 6253: 6089: 5965: 5941: 5929: 5923: 5594: 5564: 5537: 5413: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5144:Govardhan Peetham (East), Puri, Odisha 4866:(Mahayana) philosophy of Buddhism and 4803:Buddhist influences on Advaita Vedanta 4054:I am pure Awareness, always non-dual. 4048:I am other than name, form and action. 13034: 11820: 11794: 11769:Jagadguru of Sringeri Sharada Peetham 11332:, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 11304: 11064: 10919: 10789:, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10782: 10764: 10498: 10412:Grimes, John (2004), "Introduction", 10321:Deutsch, Eliot; Dalvi, Rohit (2004), 10273: 10253:Chattopadhyaya, Shyama Kumar (2000). 10221: 10170: 10123: 10102: 9888: 9344: 9247: 9201: 9168: 8937:, pp. 224–228 with notes 8, 13 and 63 8556: 8234: 8222: 8190: 8163: 8151: 8090: 8029: 7931: 7898: 7839: 7776: 7764: 7659: 7630: 7579: 7559:. UK: Program Publishing; 2 edition. 7554: 7430: 6730:Arun Kumar Upadhyay (30 April 2020). 6344: 6320: 6296: 6228: 5981: 5935: 5798: 5774: 4706:Recognizing oneself as "the Existent- 4287:(unique proposition or novelty); (4) 3863: 3706:. The commentary on the Tantric work 2526:. The latest limit is established by 2333:), introductory topical expositions ( 2231: 11307:Introduction. In: Tantra in practice 11238: 11085:Satchidanandendra Sarasvati (1997), 10997: 10604: 10595: 10567: 10558: 10506:, New Delhi: Oxford University Press 10504:Kingship and Authority in South Asia 9934:, pp. 246–249, from note 385 onwards 9174: 9013:, pp. 219–223 with footnote 34. 8056: 8010:"The Four Denominations of Hinduism" 7107: 7071: 7033:The Advaita Vedānta of Brahma-siddhi 6851: 6661: 6332: 6192: 6180: 6104: 6023:While the Vedanta tradition equates 5777:: This resembles the development of 5552: 5390: 5174:Śānkarasmṛti (Laghudharmaprakrāśikā) 4417:, "I am Brahman," or "I am Divine." 4151:integrate appearance with reality." 4003:by recognizing the true identity of 3799:Neither attached, nor released am I; 3740:Atma Shatakam (The song of the Self) 3509:Madukya-karika has been questioned. 3286:, but had developed the practice of 2491: 11001:Structural Depths of Indian Thought 10708:New Perspectives on Advaita Vedānta 10000: 9430:, p. 172, Up.18.3, 18.6, 18.7. 8598:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8091:Singh, Kautilya (6 November 2021). 7964: 5427:, p. 246–249, from note 385 onwards 5364:, p. 36), "the realization of 5186: 4858:). Mudgal concludes therefore that 4315:- the identity of Ātman and Brahman 4116:), and "not upon Vedic injunction ( 3236: 2682:, a commentary on Mandana Mishra's 2464:at 483 BCE. while according to the 2322:tradition of worship. The title of 13: 14548:Hindu philosophers and theologians 11639:. Srirangam: Sri Vani Vilas Press. 11612:Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies 11413: 11158:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 11152:Sharma, B.N. Krishnamurti (2000). 11106:The Conception of Buddhist Nirvana 11056:Roodurmun, Pulasth Soobah (2002). 10984:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 10966:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 10810:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 10769:, The University Press Group Ltd, 9175:Long, Jeffery D. (15 April 2020). 7907:. Yale University Press. pp. 7690:Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosophy 7633:, pp. 31–32, also 6–7, 67–68. 6764: 5988:when referring to the identity of 5631:) has been dated to belong to the 5252:, sometimes spelled Sankaracharya. 4793:in a deep dreamless cosmic state. 4457:The longest chapter of Shankara's 3445: 3225:(14th c.), who may have founded a 2813:The birthplace of Adi Shankara at 14: 14659: 11739:to help reach a consensus. › 11681:Traditional biography of Shankara 11674: 11305:White, David Gordon, ed. (2000). 11096:De Wortels van het Indiase Denken 10600:. Taylor & Francis e-Library. 10062:"31st National Film Awards (PDF)" 10044:India International Film Festival 9792:, pp. 172-173 (Up.I.18.3-8). 9178:Historical Dictionary of Hinduism 8288:from the original on 16 June 2006 7671: 7513:Swami Vivekananda: A Reassessment 5968:, pp. 11, 14) uses the word 5640:architecture very commonly, from 5342:, perception of their meaning." ( 4469:), and the identity expressed in 3970:- liberating knowledge of Brahman 14608:Medieval Hindu religious leaders 14487: 14486: 14476: 11702: 11345:The Bhamati and Vivarana Schools 11195:, University of California Press 10922:Life and Thought of Śaṅkarācārya 10128:, Australian National University 9983: 9946: 9937: 9920: 9882: 9852:, pp. 85, 220 (Up.II.1.30). 9730: 9607:, p. 182 (Up.I.18.103-104). 9559:, pp. 91, 219 (Up.II.1.28). 9518: 9123: 9114: 9085: 9055: 9040: 8987: 8975: 8940: 8923: 8906: 8889: 8834: 8620: 8587: 8457: 8394: 8377: 8315: 8273: 8240: 8136: 8110: 8084: 8062: 8036:. Brill Academic. pp. 1–4. 7985: 7958: 7794: 7782: 7680: 7665: 7573: 7548: 7539: 7530: 7503: 7477: 7462: 7436: 7156:Satchidanandendra Sarasvati 1997 6042: 6017: 6008: 5999: 5855: 5826: 5817: 5804: 5792: 5768: 5715: 5706: 5693: 5669: 5659: 5617: 5600: 5570: 5242:), Shankara Bhagavatpadacharya ( 5072: 5058: 5044: 5030: 4943:Jagadguru Shrimad Shankaracharya 4862:... the difference between 4218:Yoga and contemplative exercises 4039:(liberation) from suffering and 3675:Sarva-darsana-siddhanta Sangraha 3322:pattern, the five deities being 3090:in the northern Indian state of 2541: 2432: 1154: 1092: 162: 14578:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers 14518:8th-century Indian philosophers 11460:Contemporary Education Dialogue 10572:. London; New York: Routledge. 10259:. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. 9804:, p. 183 (Up.I.18.99-100). 7295: 7023: 6981: 6964: 6932:, p. 84–87 with footnotes. 6834: 6820: 6803:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide 6740: 6723: 5558: 5531: 5518: 5501: 5487: 5477: 5114:Shri Govinda Bhagavatpadacharya 4960:, a Malayalam film directed by 4797:Influences of Mahayana Buddhism 4655:school founded by Prakasatman ( 4558:When the metaphorical or false 4450: 4291:(fruit or result derived); (5) 3842:by recognizing the identity of 3388: 3282:theory as defining the path of 3149:Dashanami Sampradaya and mathas 2275:, the invisible Supreme Being. 14623:People from Ernakulam district 12153:Progressive utilization theory 11762:Bhagawan Govinda Bhagavat Pada 11686:Works by or about Adi Shankara 11636:The Works of Sri Sankaracharya 11479:Ingalls, Daniel H. H. (1954). 11071:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 11038:Rambachan, Anantanand (2006), 11023:. University of Hawaii Press. 11019:Rambachan, Anantanand (1991). 10998:Raju, P. T. (1 January 1985). 10552:The Mind of Adi Shankaracharya 10533:Shankara and Indian Philosophy 10513:Shankara and Indian Philosophy 10307:, University of Hawaii Press, 10193:The Origins of Vīraśaiva Sects 7875:. BRILL Academic. p. 60. 7510:Narasingha Prosad Sil (1997). 7030:Allen Wright Thrasher (1993). 5230: 5218: 4898: 4085:, and he took for granted the 3948:in the 8th century, reforming 3177:, organizing a section of the 2233:[aːdɪɕɐŋkɐraːt͡ɕaːrjɐ] 1: 11724: 11200:Suthren Hirst, J. G. (2005), 11103:Shcherbatsky, Fyodor (1927). 10843:Nicholson, Andrew J. (2010), 10069:Directorate of Film Festivals 10046:, iffi.nic.in. Archived from 10015:Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema 9893:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 9840:, p. 195 (Up.I.18.2019). 9631:, pp. 251-253 (Up.II.3). 8594:Doniger, Wendy (March 2014). 6841:Sastry Narayana S.t. (1916). 6054: 5699:Swami Vivekananda translates 5684:Sri Sankara's Vivekachudamani 5678:Authorship of Vivekachudamani 4656: 4544: 4353: 4275:(introductory statement) and 4112:is based on existing things ( 3617:Shankara's commentary on the 3462:), a fundamental text of the 3372:Neo-Vedanta (19-20th century) 3254:, which is one of four major 2920: 2863:Many of these are called the 2674:, a commentary on Shankara's 2582:Traditional views of Shankara 2531: 2520: 2504: 2213:Ādi Śaṅkara, Ādi Śaṅkarācārya 378:Sravana, manana, nididhyasana 14417:Desacralization of knowledge 11647:Journal of Indian Philosophy 11270:Journal of Indian Philosophy 11109:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 10828:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 10719:, in Mayeda, Sengaku (ed.), 10294:History of Indian Philosophy 10287:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 10144:Journal of Indian Philosophy 10109:. Little, Brown Book Group. 10090: 9816:, p. 190 (Up.I.18.174). 9513:Chandogya Upanishad 6.1-6.16 9233:, p. 349 note 8.7-16.3. 9181:. Rowman & Littlefield. 9046:Anantanand Rambachan (1994) 8946:Mahendranath Sircar (1933), 8739:, p. 56, incl. note 12. 7469:Tapasyananda, Swami (2002). 5606:This may be the present day 5139:Self-consciousness (Vedanta) 4733:. Rituals and rites such as 4609:from everything that is not 4033:, immortality, and leads to 3576:are likely to be authentic. 7: 13829:Best of all possible worlds 13786:Eschatological verification 13343:Fine-tuning of the universe 11701:(public domain audiobooks) 11585:"The Original Sankaracarya" 11559:. Oxford University Press. 11004:. SUNY Press. p. 383. 10906:, Oxford University Press, 10885:, Oxford University Press, 10849:, Columbia University Press 10349:. Merriam-Webster. p. 10040:"31st National Film Awards" 9502:, p. 218 (up.II.1.24). 7936:An Introduction to Hinduism 7687:Pandey, Vraj Kumar (2007). 7377:Kulke & Rothermund 1998 7321:, Oxford University Press, 7197:, p. 157; 229 note 57. 5350:Sanskrit English Dictionary 5244: 5238: 5023: 4975:In 1983 a film directed by 4815:Similarities and influences 4394:in Ch.U.6.8.7 referring to 4338:, "the Existent," that is, 4181: 3635: 3414:Pashupatinath Temple, Nepal 3412:Adi Shankaracharya Math in 3307: 3186: 3136: 3114: 2949: 2940: 2908: 2901:Cidvilāsīya Śaṅkara Vijayaṃ 2900: 2700:Satchidanandendra Sarasvati 2608: 2444: 2363: 2311: 2261: 2212: 10: 14664: 11555:Olivelle, Patrick (1992). 11516:Nakamura, Hajime (1990) . 11472:10.1177/097318490500200202 11124:Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2006). 11094:Scheepers, Alfred (2000). 10939:Popular Prakashan (2000). 10869:10.12797/CIS.18.2016.18.07 10856:Cracow Indological Studies 10833:Nakamura, Hajime (2004) , 10796:Hinduism. Past and present 10760:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 10550:Keshava Menon, Y. (1976). 10457:Halbfass, Wilhelm (1990). 10191:Blake Michael, R. (1992), 8384:Swami Vivekananda (2015). 8361:Johannes Buitenen (1978). 7869:Bühnemann, Gudrun (2003). 7580:Menon, Y. Keshava (1976). 7486:Students' Britannica India 5759:(7th–9th century) and the 5734:in the west and north the 5675:See also IndiaDivine.org, 5445:Edward Roer (Translator), 4800: 4621:concerning non-duality of 4446:, "This Atman is Brahman." 3867: 3749:, I am Shiva, I am Shiva. 3458:(literally, commentary on 3423: 3240: 3105: 2848: 2844: 2566: 2482:Chalukya dynasty of Badami 2345:, his commentaries on ten 2202:आदि शङ्कर, आदि शङ्कराचार्य 2105:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1734:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 1378:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 393:"Unfoldment of the middle" 25: 18: 14568:Indian Hindu missionaries 14472: 14404: 14308: 14193: 14113: 14048: 13970: 13877: 13862: 13814: 13776: 13488: 13413: 13288: 13279: 13209: 13146: 13137: 13068: 12562: 12361: 12161: 12130: 12045: 11960: 11891: 11884: 11828: 11779: 11766: 11758: 11753: 11355:Encyclopædia Britannica, 11177:, The Divine Life Society 11173:Sivananda, Swami (1993), 10824:Nakamura, Hajime (1999), 10783:Menon, Sangeetha (2012), 10531:Isayeva, Natalia (1993). 10244:Cenkner, William (1995), 10222:Braue, Donald A. (1984), 10217:, Oxford University Press 9265:, pp. 55 note 9, 57. 8948:Reality in Indian Thought 8920:, Chapter XIX, Section VI 8658:, pp. 1–21, 103–119. 8046:– via Google Books. 7981:– via Google Books. 7885:– via Google Books. 6988:Ron Geaves (March 2002). 6844:The Age Of Sankara (1916) 6029:Deutsch & Dalvi (2004 5245:Śaṅkara Bhagavatpādācārya 5109:Shri Gaudapadacharya Math 4752: 4670:Renouncement of ritualism 4471:Chandogya Upanishad 6.8.7 4269:Samanvayat Tatparya Linga 4258:Samanvayat Tatparya Linga 3745:I am Consciousness, I am 3598:in Santa Cruz, California 3594:Murti of Shankara at the 3426:Adi Shankara bibliography 3194: 2893:by Mādhava (17th c.) and 2824:Murti of Shankara at his 2423: 2201: 2192:(8th c. CE), also called 2151:Other Indian philosophies 1899: 1879: 1863: 1847: 878:Classical Advaita Vedanta 628:Classical Advaita Vedanta 582:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta 260:Classical Advaita vedanta 179:Classical Advaita Vedanta 135: 125: 120: 110: 105: 94: 84: 76: 64: 59: 44: 37: 28:Adi Shankaracharya (film) 14633:Philosophers of religion 14588:Indian spiritual writers 14523:8th-century Indian poets 14058:Friedrich Schleiermacher 13644:Theories about religions 13446:Inconsistent revelations 12340:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 11737:templates for discussion 11485:Philosophy East and West 11420:Fort, Andrew O. (1998). 11224:. Sri Ramakrishna Math. 11191:Stoker, Valerie (2016), 10756:Mayeda, Sengaku (2015). 10737:Mayeda, Sengaku (2006). 10715:Mayeda, Sengaku (1992), 10511:Isaeva, Natalia (1993). 10392:Grimes, John A. (1996), 10292:Dasgupta, S. N. (1997). 10283:Comans, Michael (2000), 10124:Bader, Jonathan (2001), 10018:. Taylor & Francis. 9643:, p. 253 (Up.II.3). 9282:Deutsch & Dalvi 2004 8841:Brahmasutra-bhasya 1.1.4 8727:, p. XVIII, note 3. 8407:23 November 2015 at the 8364:The Mahābhārata (vol. 3) 7954:– via archive.org. 7932:Flood, Gavin D. (1996). 7921:– via archive.org. 7899:Harle, James C. (1994). 7767:, p. 218, 220, 224. 7731:, pp. 71–82, 93–94. 7582:The Mind of Adi Shankara 6862:A History of South India 6860:K.A. Nilakantha Sastry, 6806:. Penguin. p. 376. 5513:Sankara-mandara-saurabha 5180: 5094:Adi Shri Gauḍapādāchārya 4949:Jagadguru Shankaracharya 4930: 4569:, how can anyduty exist? 4283:(message repeated); (3) 4104:) and self-established ( 3651:Sringeri Sharada Peetham 3649:Vidyashankara temple at 3471:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 3419: 3081: 2909:Keraļīya Śaṅkara Vijayaṃ 2349:, his commentary on the 1795:Kamalakanta Bhattacharya 894:Sringeri Sharada Peetham 487:Vedantasara of Sadananda 12270:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 11137:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10924:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10794:Michaels, Axel (2004). 10741:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10341:Doniger, Wendy (1999). 10301:Deutsch, Eliot (1973), 10274:Clark, Matthew (2006), 10195:, Motilal Banarsidass, 10103:Allen, Charles (2017). 9466:, p. 172, Up.18.6. 9451:9 February 2022 at the 9320:, p. 203, note 14. 9099:, pp. 31–33 verse 1.1.4 9078:Michael Comans (1993), 8436:English Translation 3: 7672:Hovey, Sally Wriggins. 7317:Cynthia Talbot (2001), 7003:Kruijf & Sahoo 2014 6681:, pp. 60, 145–154. 6299:, p. 215, 221-222. 5457:Katie Javanaud (2013), 5448:Shankara's Introduction 5416:, pp. 60, 145–154) 5368:" and the knowledge of 4828:was very much like the 4587:Upadesasahasri Shankara 4142:Logic versus revelation 4050:My nature is ever free! 3992:exegesis of the vedas. 3931:Systematizer of Advaita 3733:Philosophy and practice 3579:Shankara also authored 3530:Adhyatama-patala-bhasya 2780:, presenting the other 2722:(11th c.), who aligned 1780:Nigamananda Paramahansa 1057:Vishishtadvaita Vedanta 14533:Ancient Indian writers 13922:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers 13062:Philosophy of religion 12006:Early Buddhist schools 11633:Sankaracharya (1910). 11625:10.7825/2164-6279.1295 11583:Reigle, David (2001). 11557:The Samnyasa Upanisads 11439:Fuller, C. J. (2004). 11186:, Motilall Banarsidass 11182:Sivaraman, K. (1973), 11089:, Motilall Banarsidass 11065:Rosen, Steven (2006), 10683:, Ashgate Publishing, 10605:King, Richard (2002). 10596:King, Richard (2001). 10568:King, Richard (1999). 10559:King, Richard (1995), 10327:, World Wisdom, Inc., 10226:, Motilall Banarsidass 10137:, Boydell & Brewer 9655:, p. 196 note 13. 8642:Frank Whaling (1979), 7965:Eck, Diana L. (1998). 7828:Popular Prakashan 2000 7800:Wendy Sinclair-Brull, 7693:. Anmol Publications. 7584:. Jaico. p. 109. 7329:, pp. 185–187, 199–201 6119:Frank Whaling (1979), 5703:as "I am he, I am he". 5409:Atman versus anatman: 5270:Elsewhere, Shankara's 5015:Jagadguru Adi Shankara 4964:was released in which 4957:Jagadguru Aadisankaran 4872: 4846: 4704: 4674:Shankara, in his text 4571: 4525: 4242: 4215: 4067: 3803: 3657: 3599: 3416: 3296: 3163: 2837: 2817: 2641: 2578: 1422:Shakti Vishishtadvaita 916:Modern Advaita Vedanta 873:Monasteries and Orders 526:Attributed to Shankara 14603:Malayali Hindu saints 14538:Founders of religions 14528:Advaitin philosophers 14457:Faith and rationality 14412:Criticism of religion 14350:Robert Merrihew Adams 14340:Nicholas Wolterstorff 13543:Divine command theory 11719:Works by Adi Shankara 11710:Works by Adi Shankara 11695:Works by Adi Shankara 11218:Tapasyananda (2015). 10980:Potter, Karl (2008), 10960:Potter, Karl (2006), 10945:. Popular Prakashan. 10920:Pande, G. C. (2011). 10609:. London: Routledge. 10248:, Motilall Banarsidas 10209:Bowker, John (2000), 10171:Black, Brian (2012), 8469:The Way toward Wisdom 8465:Benedict Ashley, O.P. 8400:* Original Sanskrit: 8247:Mishra, Godavarisha. 7788:Karigoudar Ishwaran, 6800:Roshen Dalal (2010). 6772:"Dating Adi Shankara" 5755:and in the south the 5741:in the southwest the 4860: 4822: 4700: 4556: 4509: 4237: 4226:as an aid to gaining 4195: 4045: 4029:is the attainment of 4011:, as mediated by the 4001:attained in this life 3978:(individual self) as 3868:Further information: 3850:, as mediated by the 3840:attained in this life 3737: 3708:Lalita-trisati-bhasya 3648: 3593: 3424:Further information: 3411: 3272: 3159: 2987:) as well as Badari ( 2929:, in a village named 2823: 2812: 2636: 2576: 2386:(individual self) as 1669:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 1649:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1357:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 1350:Achintya Bheda Abheda 933:Arsha Vidya Gurukulam 846:Precanonical Buddhism 720:Swami Sarvapriyananda 477:Advaita Bodha Deepika 14643:Scholars from Kerala 14628:Philosophers of mind 14593:Indian yoga teachers 14447:Religious philosophy 13927:Pico della Mirandola 13892:Anselm of Canterbury 13824:Augustinian theodicy 13736:Religious skepticism 13069:Concepts in religion 12444:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 12281:Sarvadarsanasangraha 12058:Acintya bheda abheda 11721:at sankaracharya.org 11402:Jiddu Krishnamurti, 10765:McRae, John (2003), 10448:Halbfass, W (1983). 10050:on 12 November 2013. 9889:Dalal, Neil (2021), 8751:, pp. 3, 29–30. 8644:Śankara and Buddhism 8321:Adi Shankaracharya, 7911:–142, 191, 201–203. 7555:Adago, John (2018). 6440:, pp. xii–xiii. 6122:Sankara and Buddhism 5899:" and "I act," have 5783:An Lu-shan rebellion 5681:and arshabodha.org, 5593:, among others. See 5585:, Citsukha of deity 5278:pp. 348–350, 754–757 5239:Śaṅkara Bhagavatpāda 5169:Dakshinamurti Stotra 4991:National Film Awards 4415:Brhadāranyaka I.4.10 4187:Anantanand Rambachan 4172:Anantanand Rambachan 4100:to be self-evident ( 4073:- means of knowledge 3723:Hastamalakiya-bhasya 3606:) and one to Shiva ( 3539:Dakshinamurti Stotra 3536:(poetic works), the 3475:Taittiriya Upanishad 3466:school of Hinduism. 3294:("deity of choice"). 3108:Dashanami Sampradaya 2969:Govinda Bhagavatpada 2887:Brhat-Sankara-Vijaya 2787:Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha 2773:Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha 2680:Brahmatattva-samiksa 2676:Brahma Sutra Bhashya 2602:and have influenced 2347:principal Upanishads 1994:Principal Upanishads 1659:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu 1082:Neo-Advaita teachers 1072:Inchegeri Sampradaya 1012:Anantanand Rambachan 977:Daniel H. H. Ingalls 889:Gaudapadacharya Math 884:Dashanami Sampradaya 760:Nisargadatta Maharaj 727:Shaivism/Tantra/Nath 605:Inchegeri Sampradaya 599:Works by Vivekananda 587:Pratyabhijnahridayam 463:Principal Upanishads 223:Inchegeri Sampradaya 198:Shaivism/Tantra/Nath 130:Govinda Bhagavatpada 14648:Writers from Kerala 14583:Indian male writers 14432:History of religion 14133:Friedrich Nietzsche 14010:Gottfried W Leibniz 14005:Nicolas Malebranche 13937:King James VI and I 13217:Abrahamic religions 12504:Dayananda Saraswati 12078:Nimbarka Sampradaya 12002:Buddhist philosophy 11328:Neil Dalal (2021), 11133:Sharma, C. (1997). 9879:, pp. 218–219. 9780:, pp. 91, 218. 9768:, pp. 219–221. 9544:, pp. 190–192. 9386:, pp. 50, 172. 9153:, pp. 12, 172. 9025:, pp. 210–221. 8886:, pp. 167–169. 8237:, pp. 113–115. 8225:, pp. 351–352. 8193:, pp. 105–113. 8072:. 21 September 2023 7391:, pp. 160–162. 7292:, pp. 178–183. 6918:Tapasyananda (2015) 6889:Tapasyananda (2015) 6847:. B.G. Paul and Co. 6632:, pp. 405–413. 6581:Chattopadhyaya 2000 6532:, pp. 678–679. 6457:, pp. 205–208. 5980:, p. 54), and 5748:in the Dekkhan the 5743:Rashtrakuta Dynasty 5738:(7th–10th century), 5374:as revealed to the 5012:On 15 August 2013, 5003:Best Cinematography 4279:(conclusions); (2) 3874:History of Hinduism 3545:Bhajagovinda Stotra 3479:Chandogya Upanishad 3214:in the North. Each 3175:Daśanāmi Sampradaya 3116:Daśanāmi Sampradāya 2991:in the Himalayas). 2883:Shankaracaryacarita 2753:Vijayanagara Empire 2569:History of Hinduism 2472:The records of the 2308:Indian subcontinent 1502:Raghunatha Siromani 949:Ramakrishna Mission 923:Divine Life Society 710:Swami Chinmayananda 150:Part of a series on 14573:Indian Hindu monks 14442:Religious language 14422:Ethics in religion 14380:William Lane Craig 14255:Charles Hartshorne 13995:Desiderius Erasmus 13897:Augustine of Hippo 13839:Inconsistent triad 13801:Apophatic theology 13796:Logical positivism 13778:Religious language 13398:Watchmaker analogy 13363:Necessary existent 13139:Conceptions of God 13099:Intelligent design 12115:Pashupata Shaivism 11945:Pashupata Shaivism 11659:10.1007/BF02561251 11598:(3): 57–60, 70–71. 11282:10.1007/BF02561251 11175:All About Hinduism 11068:Essential Hinduism 10699:A History of India 10156:10.1007/BF00218430 9679:, p. 155-156. 9478:, pp. 60, 62. 9418:, p. 151-152. 8122:The Times of India 8097:The Times of India 7779:, p. 224-225. 7471:Sankara-Dig-Vijaya 7209:, p. 691-693. 7146:, p. 290–291. 6959:Keshava Menon 1976 6829:The Age of Sankara 6488:, pp. 98–106. 6285:Blake Michael 1992 6107:, p. 129-130. 6067:Suthren Hirst 2005 5752:(7th–8th century), 5701:Shivoham, Shivoham 5597:, pp. 69–72). 5526:Swami Tapasyananda 5509:Aryavidya-sudhakar 5300:(Vedic learning). 4982:Adi Shankaracharya 4786:Mandukya Upanishad 4690:is different from 4578:Meditation on the 4531:is different from 4479:(great sentence) " 4420:प्रज्ञानं ब्रह्म, 3864:Historical context 3860:, "That you are." 3715:Vishnu sahasranāma 3658: 3600: 3503:Mandukya Upanishad 3483:Aitareya Upanishad 3417: 3395:Omkareshwar Temple 2838: 2818: 2579: 2302:, travelling on a 2194:Adi Shankaracharya 909:Jyotirmaṭha Pīṭhaṃ 14558:History of Kerala 14500: 14499: 14400: 14399: 14360:Peter van Inwagen 14345:Richard Swinburne 14290:George I Mavrodes 14150:Vladimir Solovyov 14090:Søren Kierkegaard 14015:William Wollaston 13962:William of Ockham 13942:Marcion of Sinope 13844:Irenaean theodicy 13834:Euthyphro dilemma 13761:Transcendentalism 13590:Womanist theology 13580:Feminist theology 13484: 13483: 13275: 13274: 13161:Divine simplicity 13081:Euthyphro dilemma 13028: 13027: 12880:Pratītyasamutpāda 12041: 12040: 11822:Indian philosophy 11789: 11788: 11780:Succeeded by 11754:Religious titles 11714:Project Gutenberg 11450:978-0-691-12048-5 11431:978-0-791-43904-3 11231:978-81-7823-342-0 11211:978-1-134-25441-5 11165:978-81-208-1575-9 11144:978-81-208-0365-7 11078:978-0-275-99006-0 11030:978-0-8248-1358-1 11011:978-0-88706-139-4 10991:978-81-208-0310-7 10952:978-0-85229-760-5 10931:978-81-208-1104-1 10913:978-0-19-954025-9 10900:Olivelle, Patrick 10892:978-0-19-283576-5 10877:Olivelle, Patrick 10817:978-81-208-0423-4 10776:978-0-520-23798-8 10748:978-81-208-2771-4 10690:978-1-4724-1913-2 10663:978-0-415-78294-4 10644:978-1-134-18001-1 10542:978-0-7914-1282-4 10522:978-0-7914-1281-7 10492:978-1-136-87597-7 10468:978-0-7914-0362-4 10441:978-0-7914-2582-4 10423:978-0-7546-3395-2 10405:978-0-7914-3067-5 10372:Feuerstein, Georg 10360:978-0-87779-044-0 10314:978-0-8248-0271-4 10211:"Advaita Vedanta" 10202:978-81-208-0776-1 10116:978-1-4087-0540-7 10025:978-1-135-94325-7 9995:978-0-275-99313-9 9932:978-81-208-0619-1 9867:, pp. 92–93. 9747:978-81-7120-059-7 9318:Bhatawadekar 2013 9188:978-1-5381-2294-5 9111:, pp. 46–53. 9097:978-1-60506-634-9 8999:978-81-208-1330-4 8970:978-0-271-02832-3 8935:978-0-8153-3609-9 8918:978-0-671-54800-1 8901:978-0-7914-2675-3 8831:, pp. 46–47. 8559:, pp. 25–28. 8532:, p. 99–108. 8478:978-0-268-02028-6 8431:978-1-4349-9898-9 8420:978-81-7276-268-1 8373:978-0-226-84665-1 8210:, pp. 93–97. 8124:. 4 November 2021 8014:Himalayan Academy 7978:978-0-231-11265-9 7951:978-0-521-43878-0 7918:978-0-300-06217-5 7743:, pp. 90–91. 7719:, pp. 82–91. 7700:978-81-261-3112-9 7645:, pp. 76–77. 7612:, pp. 74–75. 7523:978-0-945636-97-7 7496:978-0-85229-760-5 7327:978-0-19-513661-6 7043:978-81-208-0982-6 6976:978-87-630-0231-8 6813:978-0-14-341421-6 6693:, pp. 83–87. 6600:, pp. 44–45. 6598:Shcherbatsky 1927 6408:, pp. 30–31. 6216:, pp. 33–34. 6147:978-0-7914-7082-4 6092:, pp. 69–82. 5866:Vachaspati Mishra 5862:Shcherbatsky 1927 5850:978-0-691-61486-1 5842:978-81-7120-059-7 5736:Gurjara-Pratihara 5470:978-81-208-0158-5 5436:978-0-7914-2217-5 5425:978-81-208-0619-1 5395:pracchana bauddha 5332:, is followed by 5134:Shivananda Lahari 5089:Swami Vivekananda 5080:Philosophy portal 4884:Prachanna Bauddha 4809:Mahayana Buddhism 4438:अयमात्मा ब्रह्म, 4407:अहं ब्रह्मास्मि, 3887:reflected in the 3696:Lalita-shasranama 3554:Carpata-panjarika 3499:Prashna Upanishad 3456:Brahmasutrabhasya 3436:Prakaraṇa grantha 3312:) is a system of 3299:Panchayatana puja 3210:in the South and 3130:Panchayatana puja 3076:Hastamalakacharya 2935:Nambudiri Brahmin 2867:('The conquests ( 2492:Scholarly datings 2402:Mahayana Buddhism 2343:Brahmasutrabhasya 2335:Prakaraṇa grantha 2236:), was an Indian 2222: 2210: 2187: 2186: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1277: 1276: 1221: 1220: 1133: 1132: 899:Govardhana Pīṭhaṃ 788:Sramanic movement 700:Swami Rama Tirtha 695:Swami Vivekananda 145: 144: 14655: 14638:Sanskrit writers 14598:Kerala academics 14490: 14489: 14480: 14385:Ali Akbar Rashad 14248:Reinhold Niebuhr 14208:Bertrand Russell 14203:George Santayana 14100:Albrecht Ritschl 14085:Ludwig Feuerbach 13875: 13874: 13871:(by date active) 13731:Process theology 13476:Russell's teapot 13286: 13285: 13281:Existence of God 13191:Process theology 13144: 13143: 13129:Theological veto 13092:religious belief 13055: 13048: 13041: 13032: 13031: 12534:Satyakama Jabala 12469:Akshapada Gotama 12419:Gārgī Vāchaknavī 12399:Vāchaspati Misra 12257:Nyayakusumanjali 12191:Bhagavata Purana 12148:Radical Humanism 12120:Shaiva Siddhanta 11889: 11888: 11861:Vedic philosophy 11815: 11808: 11801: 11792: 11791: 11783:Sureshwaracharya 11759:Preceded by 11751: 11750: 11706: 11705: 11690:Internet Archive 11670: 11640: 11629: 11627: 11599: 11589: 11579: 11570: 11551: 11521: 11512: 11511:on 28 June 2011. 11507:. 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Archived from 11374: 11359: 11353: 11347: 11342: 11333: 11326: 11310: 11301: 11264: 11235: 11214: 11196: 11187: 11178: 11169: 11148: 11129: 11120: 11099: 11090: 11081: 11061: 11052: 11034: 11015: 10994: 10976: 10956: 10935: 10916: 10895: 10872: 10871: 10850: 10838: 10829: 10820: 10799: 10790: 10779: 10761: 10752: 10733: 10711: 10702: 10693: 10675: 10666: 10648: 10618: 10601: 10581: 10564: 10555: 10546: 10526: 10507: 10495: 10477:Hiltebeitel, Alf 10472: 10453: 10444: 10426: 10408: 10388: 10379: 10367: 10348: 10337: 10317: 10297: 10288: 10279: 10270: 10249: 10240: 10227: 10218: 10205: 10187: 10167: 10138: 10129: 10120: 10085: 10079: 10073: 10072: 10066: 10058: 10052: 10051: 10036: 10030: 10029: 10009: 9998: 9987: 9981: 9980:, pp. 1–42. 9975: 9964: 9950: 9944: 9941: 9935: 9924: 9918: 9915: 9906: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9886: 9880: 9874: 9868: 9862: 9853: 9847: 9841: 9835: 9829: 9823: 9817: 9811: 9805: 9799: 9793: 9787: 9781: 9775: 9769: 9763: 9757: 9738:Upadesha sahasri 9734: 9728: 9722: 9716: 9710: 9704: 9698: 9692: 9686: 9680: 9674: 9668: 9662: 9656: 9650: 9644: 9638: 9632: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9602: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9560: 9554: 9545: 9539: 9533: 9522: 9516: 9509: 9503: 9497: 9491: 9485: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9440: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9413: 9404: 9398: 9387: 9381: 9375: 9369: 9363: 9357: 9348: 9342: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9309: 9303: 9297: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9266: 9260: 9251: 9245: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9172: 9166: 9160: 9154: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9130: 9127: 9121: 9118: 9112: 9106: 9100: 9089: 9083: 9076: 9065: 9059: 9053: 9044: 9038: 9032: 9026: 9020: 9014: 9008: 9002: 8991: 8985: 8979: 8973: 8962: 8951: 8944: 8938: 8927: 8921: 8910: 8904: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8875: 8869: 8863: 8857: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8826: 8820: 8814: 8808: 8802: 8791: 8785: 8776: 8770: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8746: 8740: 8734: 8728: 8722: 8716: 8710: 8701: 8695: 8689: 8683: 8674: 8668: 8659: 8653: 8647: 8640: 8634: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8591: 8585: 8579: 8560: 8554: 8548: 8542: 8533: 8527: 8518: 8517:, p. 41–43. 8512: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8461: 8455: 8449: 8443: 8438:Nirvana Shatakam 8398: 8392: 8391: 8381: 8375: 8359: 8353: 8347: 8341: 8335: 8326: 8319: 8313: 8307: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8280:Vidyasankar, S. 8277: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8260: 8254:. Archived from 8253: 8244: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8211: 8205: 8194: 8188: 8167: 8161: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8114: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8066: 8060: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8027: 8018: 8017: 8006: 8000: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7939: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7906: 7896: 7887: 7886: 7866: 7855: 7852:Hiltebeitel 2002 7849: 7843: 7837: 7831: 7825: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7744: 7738: 7732: 7726: 7720: 7714: 7705: 7704: 7684: 7678: 7677: 7669: 7663: 7662:, pp. 5–36. 7657: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7613: 7607: 7596: 7595: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7552: 7546: 7543: 7537: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7443:Vidyasankar, S. 7440: 7434: 7428: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7363: 7357: 7342: 7336: 7330: 7315: 7302: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7278: 7277:, p. 55-56. 7272: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7210: 7204: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7159: 7153: 7147: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7027: 7021: 7015: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6993: 6985: 6979: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6945: 6939: 6933: 6927: 6921: 6920:, p. 15-17. 6915: 6909: 6903: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6879:, p. 83-84. 6874: 6865: 6858: 6849: 6848: 6838: 6832: 6824: 6818: 6817: 6797: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6744: 6738: 6737: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6665: 6659: 6650: 6644: 6633: 6627: 6616: 6610: 6601: 6595: 6584: 6578: 6569: 6563: 6552: 6546: 6533: 6527: 6521: 6518:Shah-Kazemi 2006 6515: 6504: 6498: 6489: 6483: 6458: 6452: 6441: 6435: 6424: 6418: 6409: 6403: 6388: 6382: 6373: 6367: 6348: 6342: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6256:, p. 29–30. 6251: 6232: 6226: 6217: 6211: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6165: 6159: 6150: 6139: 6130: 6117: 6108: 6102: 6093: 6087: 6070: 6064: 6049: 6046: 6040: 6021: 6015: 6012: 6006: 6003: 5997: 5976:, p. 219), 5880: 5874: 5859: 5853: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5815: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5772: 5766: 5750:Chalukya dynasty 5727:In the east the 5719: 5713: 5710: 5704: 5697: 5691: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5657: 5621: 5615: 5604: 5598: 5589:, Anandagiri of 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5522: 5516: 5505: 5499: 5491: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5461:, Philosophy Now 5407: 5398: 5388: 5379: 5290: 5279: 5264: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5193: 5129:Soundarya Lahari 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5068: 5063: 5062: 5054: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5007:Best Audiography 4972:plays childhood. 4661: 4658: 4567: 4549: 4546: 4422:prajñānam brahma 4386:Chandogya VI.8.7 4305:Anvaya-Vyatireka 4120:) nor upon man ( 4065: 3870:History of India 3807: 3663:Aparokshanubhuti 3640: 3550:Shivanandalahari 3358:, also known as 3310: 3308:Pañcāyatana pūjā 3280:varnasramadharma 3243:Smarta Tradition 3237:Smarta Tradition 3197: 3196: 3191: 3143:Smarta tradition 3139: 3119: 3036:Hindu philosophy 2945: 2911: 2903: 2891:Sankaradigvijaya 2885:. Of these, the 2830:Kedarnath Temple 2666:Vachaspati Miśra 2613: 2536: 2533: 2525: 2522: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2447: 2368: 2266: 2235: 2230: 2217: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2018:Agama (Hinduism) 2006:Other scriptures 1999:Minor Upanishads 1845: 1844: 1714:Ekasarana Dharma 1558:Vāchaspati Misra 1478: 1477: 1394:Shaiva Siddhanta 1371:Ekasarana Dharma 1234: 1233: 1171: 1170: 1158: 1148:Hindu philosophy 1135: 1134: 1125: 1118: 1111: 1098:Hindu philosophy 1096: 1067:Kashmir Shaivism 1062:Advaita Shaivism 1007:Patrick Olivelle 928:Chinmaya Mission 681:Advaita teachers 654:Vāchaspati Misra 576:Kashmir Shaivism 558:Yoga Yajnavalkya 541:Aparokshanubhuti 482:Dŗg-Dŗśya-Viveka 333:Kashmir Shaivism 316:Cause and effect 205:Kashmir Shaivism 166: 147: 146: 121:Religious career 49: 35: 34: 14663: 14662: 14658: 14657: 14656: 14654: 14653: 14652: 14553:Hindu reformers 14503: 14502: 14501: 14496: 14468: 14396: 14392:Alexander Pruss 14375:Jean-Luc Marion 14330:Alvin Plantinga 14325:Dewi Z Phillips 14312: 14310: 14304: 14275:Walter Kaufmann 14265:Frithjof Schuon 14238:Rudolf Bultmann 14195: 14189: 14185:Joseph Maréchal 14175:Pavel Florensky 14170:Sergei Bulgakov 14155:Ernst Troeltsch 14138:Harald Høffding 14115: 14109: 14080:William Whewell 14068:Georg W F Hegel 14063:Karl C F Krause 14050: 14044: 14040:Johann G Herder 14030:Baron d'Holbach 13980:Augustin Calmet 13966: 13882: 13870: 13869: 13866: 13858: 13816:Problem of evil 13810: 13806:Verificationism 13772: 13480: 13426:Atheist's Wager 13409: 13271: 13205: 13133: 13109:Problem of evil 13064: 13059: 13029: 13024: 12850:Parameshashakti 12558: 12494:Ramana Maharshi 12379:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 12357: 12323:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 12297:Tattvacintāmaṇi 12170:Abhinavabharati 12157: 12126: 12100:Sikh Philosophy 12088:Vishishtadvaita 12037: 11956: 11880: 11824: 11819: 11785: 11772: 11764: 11740: 11703: 11677: 11644: 11632: 11602: 11587: 11582: 11573: 11567: 11554: 11540:10.2307/2104222 11525: 11515: 11497:10.2307/1397287 11478: 11457: 11451: 11438: 11432: 11419: 11416: 11414:Further reading 11411: 11410: 11400: 11389: 11376: 11375: 11362: 11354: 11350: 11343: 11336: 11327: 11323: 11313: 11232: 11212: 11166: 11145: 11128:. World Wisdom. 11117: 11079: 11050: 11031: 11012: 10992: 10974: 10953: 10932: 10914: 10893: 10862:(18): 145–166, 10818: 10786:Advaita Vedanta 10777: 10749: 10731: 10691: 10664: 10645: 10543: 10523: 10493: 10469: 10442: 10424: 10406: 10361: 10335: 10315: 10267: 10203: 10185: 10117: 10096:Printed sources 10093: 10088: 10080: 10076: 10064: 10060: 10059: 10055: 10038: 10037: 10033: 10026: 10010: 10001: 9988: 9984: 9976: 9967: 9951: 9947: 9942: 9938: 9925: 9921: 9916: 9909: 9900: 9898: 9887: 9883: 9875: 9871: 9863: 9856: 9848: 9844: 9836: 9832: 9824: 9820: 9812: 9808: 9800: 9796: 9788: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9764: 9760: 9740: 9735: 9731: 9723: 9719: 9711: 9707: 9699: 9695: 9687: 9683: 9675: 9671: 9663: 9659: 9651: 9647: 9639: 9635: 9627: 9623: 9615: 9611: 9603: 9599: 9591: 9587: 9579: 9575: 9567: 9563: 9555: 9548: 9540: 9536: 9532:, pages 136–137 9523: 9519: 9510: 9506: 9498: 9494: 9486: 9482: 9474: 9470: 9462: 9458: 9453:Wayback Machine 9441: 9434: 9426: 9422: 9414: 9407: 9399: 9390: 9382: 9378: 9370: 9366: 9358: 9351: 9343: 9336: 9328: 9324: 9316: 9312: 9304: 9300: 9292: 9288: 9280: 9269: 9261: 9254: 9246: 9237: 9229: 9225: 9217: 9208: 9200: 9196: 9189: 9173: 9169: 9161: 9157: 9149: 9145: 9137: 9133: 9128: 9124: 9119: 9115: 9107: 9103: 9090: 9086: 9077: 9068: 9060: 9056: 9045: 9041: 9037:, Chapters 2–4. 9033: 9029: 9021: 9017: 9009: 9005: 8992: 8988: 8980: 8976: 8963: 8954: 8945: 8941: 8928: 8924: 8911: 8907: 8894: 8890: 8882: 8878: 8870: 8866: 8858: 8847: 8839: 8835: 8827: 8823: 8815: 8811: 8803: 8794: 8786: 8779: 8771: 8767: 8759: 8755: 8747: 8743: 8735: 8731: 8723: 8719: 8711: 8704: 8696: 8692: 8684: 8677: 8669: 8662: 8654: 8650: 8641: 8637: 8625: 8621: 8606: 8592: 8588: 8580: 8563: 8555: 8551: 8543: 8536: 8528: 8521: 8513: 8506: 8498: 8494: 8479: 8462: 8458: 8450: 8446: 8409:Wayback Machine 8399: 8395: 8382: 8378: 8360: 8356: 8348: 8344: 8336: 8329: 8320: 8316: 8308: 8301: 8291: 8289: 8278: 8274: 8264: 8262: 8261:on 22 June 2006 8258: 8251: 8245: 8241: 8233: 8229: 8221: 8214: 8206: 8197: 8189: 8170: 8162: 8158: 8150: 8146: 8141: 8137: 8127: 8125: 8116: 8115: 8111: 8101: 8099: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8068: 8067: 8063: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8028: 8021: 8008: 8007: 8003: 7990: 7986: 7979: 7963: 7959: 7952: 7930: 7926: 7919: 7897: 7890: 7883: 7867: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7826: 7819: 7815:, p. 1017. 7811: 7807: 7802:Female Ascetics 7799: 7795: 7790:Ascetic Culture 7787: 7783: 7775: 7771: 7763: 7759: 7751: 7747: 7739: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7715: 7708: 7701: 7685: 7681: 7670: 7666: 7658: 7649: 7641: 7637: 7629: 7616: 7608: 7599: 7592: 7578: 7574: 7567: 7557:East Meets West 7553: 7549: 7544: 7540: 7535: 7531: 7524: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7483: 7482: 7478: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7441: 7437: 7429: 7422: 7418:, pp. 161. 7414: 7410: 7406:, pp. 160. 7402: 7395: 7387: 7383: 7375: 7366: 7358: 7345: 7337: 7333: 7316: 7305: 7300: 7296: 7288: 7281: 7273: 7266: 7260:Feuerstein 1978 7258: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7230: 7222: 7213: 7205: 7201: 7193: 7189: 7181: 7177: 7173:, pp. 6–7. 7169: 7162: 7154: 7150: 7142: 7138: 7130: 7126: 7118: 7114: 7106: 7102: 7094: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7063: 7055: 7051: 7044: 7028: 7024: 7016: 7009: 7001: 6997: 6986: 6982: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6948: 6940: 6936: 6928: 6924: 6916: 6912: 6904: 6895: 6887: 6883: 6875: 6868: 6859: 6852: 6839: 6835: 6825: 6821: 6814: 6798: 6791: 6781: 6779: 6778:. 25 March 2003 6776:IndiaDivine.org 6770: 6769: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6752:. 30 April 2020 6749:Sankara Vijayas 6746: 6745: 6741: 6733:Sankara Vijayas 6728: 6724: 6720:, pp. 3–5. 6716: 6697: 6689: 6685: 6677: 6668: 6660: 6653: 6645: 6636: 6628: 6619: 6611: 6604: 6596: 6587: 6579: 6572: 6564: 6555: 6547: 6536: 6528: 6524: 6516: 6507: 6499: 6492: 6484: 6461: 6453: 6444: 6436: 6427: 6419: 6412: 6404: 6391: 6387:, pp. 2–3. 6383: 6376: 6372:, pp. 6–7. 6368: 6351: 6343: 6339: 6331: 6327: 6319: 6315: 6307: 6303: 6295: 6291: 6283: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6252: 6235: 6227: 6220: 6212: 6199: 6191: 6187: 6179: 6168: 6160: 6153: 6140: 6133: 6118: 6111: 6103: 6096: 6088: 6073: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6022: 6018: 6013: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5974:Sivananda (1993 5881: 5877: 5860: 5856: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5809: 5805: 5797: 5793: 5773: 5769: 5757:Pallava dynasty 5724:, p. 41): 5720: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5698: 5694: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5660: 5622: 5618: 5605: 5601: 5575: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5551: 5544: 5536: 5532: 5523: 5519: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5478: 5408: 5401: 5389: 5382: 5291: 5282: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5256: 5235: 5231: 5223: 5219: 5211:, p. 163, 5203:, p. 163, 5194: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5124:Vivekachudamani 5078: 5073: 5071: 5066:Religion portal 5064: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5038:Hinduism portal 5036: 5031: 5029: 5026: 4999:Best Screenplay 4933: 4901: 4817: 4805: 4799: 4757: 4696:Upadeshasahasri 4672: 4659: 4583: 4565: 4547: 4455: 4440:ayamātmā brahma 4358: 4317: 4261: 4220: 4184: 4168:Upadeshasahasri 4144: 4075: 4066: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4049: 3972: 3933: 3876: 3866: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3773: 3755: 3753: 3735: 3627: 3558:e Visnu-satpadi 3518:Prasthana Trayi 3495:Katha Upanishad 3448: 3446:Authentic works 3428: 3422: 3391: 3374: 3288:pancayatanapuja 3264:Alf Hiltebeitel 3262:. According to 3245: 3239: 3204:Jagannatha Puri 3151: 3110: 3104: 3084: 3068:Sureśvaracharya 3060:Padmapadacharya 3027: 3025:) and disciples 2952: 2923: 2879:Sankarabhyudaya 2853: 2847: 2828:Mandir, behind 2807: 2801:Hagiographies: 2757:Delhi Sultanate 2736: 2715:Hajime Nakamura 2712: 2632:Richard E. King 2628: 2598:are central to 2588:Advaita Vedanta 2584: 2571: 2565: 2544: 2534: 2523: 2511: 2507: 2494: 2486:Vikramaditya II 2478:Chandragupta II 2460:at 484 BCE and 2458:Jagannatha Puri 2435: 2426: 2380:Advaita Vedanta 2252:Advaita Vedanta 2228: 2183: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2119: 2066:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 2027: 1950: 1935: 1934: 1921: 1920: 1834: 1804: 1766: 1748: 1728: 1708: 1688: 1684:Srinivasacharya 1663: 1643: 1623: 1592: 1573:Vishishtadvaita 1567: 1536: 1527:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 1506: 1492:Akṣapāda Gotama 1475: 1474: 1458: 1457: 1429:Shiva Bhedabeda 1329:Vishishtadvaita 1289: 1288: 1129: 1100: 1087: 1086: 1052:Advaita Vedanta 1042: 1034: 1033: 1002:Hajime Nakamura 982:Richard De Smet 962: 954: 953: 874: 866: 865: 783: 775: 774: 765:H. W. L. Poonja 755:Ramana Maharshi 715:Swami Dayananda 705:Swami Sivananda 674:Bharathi Tirtha 659:Padmapadacharya 624: 616: 615: 531:Vivekachudamani 509:Mandukya Karika 497:Ashtavakra Gita 452:Advaita Vedanta 449: 441: 440: 411: 403: 402: 358: 350: 349: 256: 248: 247: 174: 115:Advaita Vedanta 100:Advaita Vedanta 71: 70: 55: 53:Raja Ravi Varma 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14661: 14651: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14498: 14497: 14495: 14494: 14484: 14473: 14470: 14469: 14467: 14466: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14408: 14406: 14405:Related topics 14402: 14401: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14394: 14388: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14365:Daniel Dennett 14362: 14357: 14355:Ravi Zacharias 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14320:William L Rowe 14316: 14314: 14306: 14305: 14303: 14302: 14297: 14295:William Alston 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14251: 14250: 14245: 14243:Gabriel Marcel 14240: 14235: 14230: 14225: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14199: 14197: 14191: 14190: 14188: 14187: 14182: 14180:Ernst Cassirer 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14146: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14119: 14117: 14111: 14110: 14108: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14075:Thomas Carlyle 14071: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14054: 14052: 14046: 14045: 14043: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 14000:Baruch Spinoza 13997: 13992: 13987: 13985:René Descartes 13982: 13976: 13974: 13968: 13967: 13965: 13964: 13959: 13957:Thomas Aquinas 13954: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13888: 13886: 13872: 13863: 13860: 13859: 13857: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13820: 13818: 13812: 13811: 13809: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13782: 13780: 13774: 13773: 13771: 13770: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13726:Possibilianism 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13682: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13635: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13602:Fundamentalism 13599: 13594: 13593: 13592: 13587: 13577: 13576: 13575: 13570: 13563:Existentialism 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13494: 13492: 13486: 13485: 13482: 13481: 13479: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13456:Noncognitivism 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13417: 13415: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13407: 13405:Transcendental 13402: 13401: 13400: 13395: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13373:Pascal's wager 13370: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13324: 13323: 13318: 13308: 13303: 13301:Christological 13298: 13292: 13290: 13283: 13277: 13276: 13273: 13272: 13270: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13213: 13211: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13147: 13141: 13135: 13134: 13132: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13095: 13094: 13083: 13078: 13072: 13070: 13066: 13065: 13058: 13057: 13050: 13043: 13035: 13026: 13025: 13023: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12925:Shabda Brahman 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12875:Pratibimbavada 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12566: 12564: 12560: 12559: 12557: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12514:Vedanta Desika 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12409:Gautama Buddha 12406: 12404:Uddalaka Aruni 12401: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12365: 12363: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12355: 12350: 12343: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12319: 12318: 12317: 12307: 12300: 12293: 12291:Tarka-Sangraha 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12266: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12248: 12247: 12242: 12234:Mimamsa Sutras 12230: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12206: 12204:Buddhist texts 12201: 12194: 12187: 12180: 12173: 12165: 12163: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12134: 12132: 12128: 12127: 12125: 12124: 12123: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12091: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12049: 12047: 12043: 12042: 12039: 12038: 12036: 12035: 12034: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 11999: 11998: 11997: 11992: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11966: 11964: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11954: 11949: 11948: 11947: 11942: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11897: 11895: 11886: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11832: 11830: 11826: 11825: 11818: 11817: 11810: 11803: 11795: 11787: 11786: 11781: 11778: 11765: 11760: 11756: 11755: 11749: 11748: 11722: 11716: 11707: 11692: 11683: 11676: 11675:External links 11673: 11672: 11671: 11642: 11630: 11600: 11580: 11571: 11566:978-0195070453 11565: 11552: 11534:(2): 248–255. 11523: 11513: 11491:(4): 291–306. 11476: 11466:(2): 137–169. 11455: 11449: 11436: 11430: 11424:. SUNY Press. 11415: 11412: 11409: 11408: 11387: 11384:on 8 May 2012. 11360: 11348: 11334: 11320: 11319: 11318: 11317: 11312: 11311: 11302: 11265: 11247:(1/4): 37–46. 11236: 11230: 11215: 11210: 11197: 11188: 11179: 11170: 11164: 11149: 11143: 11130: 11121: 11115: 11100: 11098:. Olive Press. 11091: 11082: 11077: 11062: 11053: 11049:978-0791468524 11048: 11035: 11029: 11016: 11010: 10995: 10990: 10977: 10972: 10957: 10951: 10936: 10930: 10917: 10912: 10896: 10891: 10873: 10851: 10840: 10830: 10821: 10816: 10800: 10791: 10780: 10775: 10762: 10758:"Adi Shankara" 10753: 10747: 10734: 10729: 10712: 10703: 10694: 10689: 10676: 10667: 10662: 10649: 10643: 10630: 10602: 10593: 10565: 10556: 10547: 10541: 10528: 10521: 10508: 10496: 10491: 10473: 10467: 10454: 10445: 10440: 10434:, SUNY Press, 10427: 10422: 10409: 10404: 10398:, SUNY Press, 10389: 10387:, Anthem Press 10380: 10378:. Ankh-Hermes. 10368: 10359: 10338: 10333: 10318: 10313: 10298: 10296:. Vol. 1. 10289: 10280: 10271: 10265: 10250: 10241: 10228: 10219: 10206: 10201: 10188: 10183: 10168: 10139: 10130: 10121: 10115: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10086: 10084:, p. 172. 10074: 10053: 10031: 10024: 9999: 9982: 9965: 9961:978-0887060397 9945: 9936: 9919: 9907: 9881: 9869: 9854: 9842: 9830: 9818: 9806: 9794: 9782: 9770: 9758: 9729: 9717: 9705: 9701:Roodurmun 2002 9693: 9691:, p. 156. 9689:Rambachan 1991 9681: 9677:Rambachan 1991 9669: 9667:, p. 155. 9665:Rambachan 1991 9657: 9645: 9633: 9621: 9609: 9597: 9595:, p. 679. 9585: 9583:, p. 178. 9573: 9571:, p. 675. 9561: 9546: 9534: 9530:978-0520207783 9517: 9504: 9492: 9480: 9468: 9456: 9432: 9420: 9405: 9388: 9376: 9374:, p. 146. 9372:Sivaraman 1973 9364: 9362:, p. 234. 9349: 9334: 9332:, p. 107. 9322: 9310: 9308:, p. 152. 9298: 9286: 9267: 9252: 9235: 9223: 9206: 9194: 9187: 9167: 9155: 9143: 9131: 9122: 9113: 9101: 9084: 9066: 9054: 9039: 9035:Rambachan 1991 9027: 9015: 9003: 8986: 8974: 8952: 8939: 8922: 8905: 8888: 8876: 8874:, p. 168. 8864: 8845: 8833: 8821: 8809: 8807:, p. 183. 8792: 8788:Rambachan 2006 8777: 8775:, p. 123. 8773:Scheepers 2000 8765: 8753: 8741: 8729: 8717: 8702: 8700:, p. 679. 8690: 8675: 8673:, p. 678. 8660: 8648: 8635: 8619: 8604: 8586: 8561: 8549: 8534: 8519: 8504: 8502:, p. 680. 8492: 8477: 8456: 8444: 8442: 8441: 8434: 8423: 8402:Nirvanashtakam 8393: 8376: 8354: 8342: 8327: 8323:Vivekacūḍāmaṇi 8314: 8299: 8282:"Sankaracarya" 8272: 8239: 8227: 8212: 8195: 8168: 8166:, p. 107. 8156: 8154:, p. 240. 8144: 8135: 8109: 8083: 8061: 8059:, p. 129. 8049: 8042: 8019: 8001: 7984: 7977: 7957: 7950: 7924: 7917: 7888: 7882:978-9004129023 7881: 7856: 7844: 7842:, p. 166. 7832: 7817: 7805: 7793: 7781: 7769: 7757: 7745: 7733: 7721: 7706: 7699: 7679: 7664: 7647: 7635: 7614: 7597: 7591:978-8172242145 7590: 7572: 7566:978-0692124215 7565: 7547: 7538: 7529: 7522: 7502: 7495: 7476: 7461: 7435: 7420: 7416:Nicholson 2010 7408: 7404:Nicholson 2010 7393: 7389:Nicholson 2010 7381: 7379:, p. 177. 7364: 7343: 7331: 7303: 7294: 7290:Nicholson 2010 7279: 7264: 7252: 7250:, p. 691. 7240: 7238:, p. 692. 7228: 7226:, p. 693. 7211: 7199: 7195:Nicholson 2010 7187: 7185:, p. 690. 7175: 7160: 7148: 7136: 7124: 7120:Roodurmun 2002 7112: 7100: 7096:Roodurmun 2002 7088: 7084:Roodurmun 2002 7076: 7074:, p. 128. 7061: 7057:Roodurmun 2002 7049: 7042: 7022: 7018:Roodurmun 2002 7007: 7005:, p. 105. 6995: 6980: 6963: 6961:, p. 108. 6946: 6942:Isayeva (1993) 6934: 6922: 6910: 6893: 6881: 6877:Isayeva (1993) 6866: 6850: 6833: 6819: 6812: 6789: 6763: 6739: 6722: 6695: 6683: 6666: 6664:, p. 183. 6651: 6634: 6617: 6615:, p. 494. 6602: 6585: 6570: 6568:, p. 163. 6553: 6551:, p. 176. 6534: 6522: 6505: 6490: 6459: 6442: 6438:Rambachan 1991 6425: 6410: 6389: 6374: 6349: 6337: 6335:, p. 383. 6325: 6323:, p. vii. 6313: 6311:, p. 147. 6301: 6289: 6270: 6258: 6233: 6231:, p. 217. 6218: 6214:Roodurmun 2002 6197: 6185: 6183:, p. 128. 6166: 6162:Roodurmun 2002 6151: 6131: 6109: 6094: 6071: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6041: 6016: 6007: 5998: 5940: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5911: 5908:Sivananda 1993 5905: 5887:Upadesasahasri 5882:Highest self: 5875: 5854: 5825: 5816: 5803: 5791: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5763:(9th century). 5753: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5731:(770–1125 CE), 5722:Michaels (2004 5714: 5705: 5692: 5668: 5658: 5616: 5612:Melpazhur Mana 5599: 5569: 5557: 5542: 5530: 5517: 5500: 5495:Shankaracharya 5486: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5462: 5455: 5443: 5428: 5417: 5399: 5380: 5362:Mookerji (2011 5330:akshara-praptī 5326:Mookerji (2011 5318:Mookerji (2011 5302:Mookerji (2011 5280: 5254: 5250:Shankaracharya 5229: 5217: 5199:, p. 99, 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5069: 5055: 5041: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5010: 4973: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4937:Shankaracharya 4932: 4929: 4900: 4897: 4834:Vijnana Bhiksu 4816: 4813: 4798: 4795: 4756: 4751: 4676:Upadesasahasri 4671: 4668: 4641:Vedanta-vakyas 4582: 4576: 4564:Brahman, atman 4504:Upadesasahasri 4460:Upadesasahasri 4454: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4436: 4418: 4410:aham brahmāsmi 4405: 4357: 4352: 4316: 4309: 4260: 4255: 4219: 4216: 4183: 4180: 4143: 4140: 4074: 4068: 4062:Upadesasahasri 4060:Adi Shankara, 4057: 4046: 3971: 3965: 3932: 3929: 3865: 3862: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3704:Sandhya-bhasya 3680:Gayatri-bhasya 3637:Vivekacūḍāmaṇi 3626: 3623: 3581:Upadesasahasri 3491:Isha Upanishad 3487:Kena Upanishad 3447: 3444: 3438:) and poetry ( 3421: 3418: 3399:Madhya Pradesh 3390: 3387: 3373: 3370: 3241:Main article: 3238: 3235: 3179:Ekadandi monks 3150: 3147: 3103: 3100: 3083: 3080: 3026: 3019: 2951: 2948: 2922: 2919: 2865:Śankara Vijaya 2849:Main article: 2846: 2843: 2806: 2799: 2761:Visishtadvaita 2745:Śankara-vijaya 2735: 2732: 2711: 2708: 2627: 2624: 2583: 2580: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2528:Vacaspatimisra 2502: 2493: 2490: 2488:(733–746 CE). 2484:, most likely 2474:Sringeri Matha 2470: 2469: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2365:Vivekacūḍāmaṇi 2358:Upadeśasāhasrī 2337:) and poetry ( 2324:Shankaracharya 2225:Shankaracharya 2185: 2184: 2182: 2181: 2174: 2167: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2148: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2124:Secular ethics 2118: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2078:Pramana Sutras 2074: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2056:Mimamsa Sutras 2053: 2051:Samkhya Sutras 2048: 2042: 2041: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1851: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1590: 1588:Vedanta Desika 1585: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1497:Jayanta Bhatta 1494: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1476: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1447: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1432: 1425: 1418: 1411: 1404: 1397: 1389: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1374: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1346: 1339: 1332: 1325: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1230: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1209: 1202: 1195: 1188: 1181: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1159: 1151: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1131: 1130: 1128: 1127: 1120: 1113: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 992:Sengaku Mayeda 989: 984: 979: 974: 968: 967: 963: 960: 959: 956: 955: 952: 951: 936: 935: 930: 925: 912: 911: 906: 904:Dvāraka Pīṭhaṃ 901: 896: 891: 886: 875: 872: 871: 868: 867: 864: 863: 858: 853: 848: 835: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 791: 790: 784: 781: 780: 777: 776: 773: 772: 767: 762: 757: 742: 741: 739:Matsyendranath 736: 723: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 684: 683: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 625: 622: 621: 618: 617: 614: 613: 602: 601: 590: 589: 584: 573: 572: 561: 560: 555: 544: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 521:Upadesasahasri 512: 511: 500: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 459: 457:Prasthanatrayi 450: 447: 446: 443: 442: 439: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 401: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 359: 356: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 342: 329: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 257: 254: 253: 250: 249: 246: 245: 240: 227: 226: 219: 214: 207: 194: 193: 188: 175: 172: 171: 168: 167: 159: 158: 152: 151: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 103: 102: 96: 95:Known for 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 68: 66: 62: 61: 57: 56: 50: 42: 41: 38: 21:Shankaracharya 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14660: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14543:Hindu mystics 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14510: 14508: 14493: 14485: 14483: 14479: 14475: 14474: 14471: 14465: 14464: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14409: 14407: 14403: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14335:Anthony Kenny 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14317: 14315: 14307: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14260:Mircea Eliade 14258: 14256: 14253: 14252: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14200: 14198: 14192: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14147: 14144: 14143:William James 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14123:Ernst Haeckel 14121: 14120: 14118: 14112: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14072: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14055: 14053: 14047: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14035:Immanuel Kant 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13990:Blaise Pascal 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13977: 13975: 13973: 13969: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13889: 13887: 13885: 13880: 13876: 13873: 13868: 13861: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13821: 13819: 13817: 13813: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13791:Language game 13789: 13787: 13784: 13783: 13781: 13779: 13775: 13769: 13768: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13666: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13619: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13582: 13581: 13578: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13565: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13495: 13493: 13491: 13487: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13461:Occam's razor 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13418: 13416: 13412: 13406: 13403: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13390: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13313: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13306:Consciousness 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13278: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13208: 13202: 13201:Unmoved mover 13199: 13197: 13196:Supreme Being 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13136: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13093: 13089: 13088: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13073: 13071: 13067: 13063: 13056: 13051: 13049: 13044: 13042: 13037: 13036: 13033: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12855:Parinama-vada 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12479:Padmasambhāva 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12384:Maṇḍana Miśra 12382: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12374:Abhinavagupta 12372: 12370: 12367: 12366: 12364: 12360: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12348: 12347:Yoga Vasistha 12344: 12342: 12341: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12305: 12301: 12299: 12298: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12271: 12267: 12265: 12264: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12240:All 108 texts 12238: 12237: 12236: 12235: 12231: 12229: 12228: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12211: 12210:Dharmashastra 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12199: 12195: 12193: 12192: 12188: 12186: 12185: 12184:Bhagavad Gita 12181: 12179: 12178: 12174: 12172: 12171: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12160: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12138:Integral yoga 12136: 12135: 12133: 12129: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12107: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12083:Shuddhadvaita 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12054: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12044: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12008: 12007: 12003: 12000: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11959: 11953: 11950: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11937: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11902: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11890: 11887: 11883: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11833: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11816: 11811: 11809: 11804: 11802: 11797: 11796: 11793: 11784: 11776: 11771: 11770: 11763: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11743: 11738: 11734: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11711: 11708: 11700: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11668: 11664: 11660: 11656: 11652: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11637: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11605: 11604:Rukmani, T.S. 11601: 11597: 11593: 11586: 11581: 11577: 11572: 11568: 11562: 11558: 11553: 11549: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11498: 11494: 11490: 11486: 11482: 11477: 11473: 11469: 11465: 11461: 11456: 11452: 11446: 11442: 11437: 11433: 11427: 11423: 11418: 11417: 11406: 11405: 11398: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11383: 11379: 11373: 11371: 11369: 11367: 11365: 11358: 11352: 11346: 11341: 11339: 11331: 11325: 11321: 11316:Web citations 11315: 11314: 11308: 11303: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11266: 11262: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11237: 11233: 11227: 11223: 11222: 11216: 11213: 11207: 11204:, Routledge, 11203: 11198: 11194: 11189: 11185: 11180: 11176: 11171: 11167: 11161: 11157: 11156: 11150: 11146: 11140: 11136: 11131: 11127: 11122: 11118: 11116:9788120805293 11112: 11108: 11107: 11101: 11097: 11092: 11088: 11083: 11080: 11074: 11070: 11069: 11063: 11059: 11054: 11051: 11045: 11041: 11036: 11032: 11026: 11022: 11017: 11013: 11007: 11003: 11002: 10996: 10993: 10987: 10983: 10978: 10975: 10973:81-208-3061-X 10969: 10965: 10964: 10958: 10954: 10948: 10944: 10943: 10937: 10933: 10927: 10923: 10918: 10915: 10909: 10905: 10901: 10897: 10894: 10888: 10884: 10883: 10878: 10874: 10870: 10865: 10861: 10857: 10852: 10848: 10847: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10827: 10822: 10819: 10813: 10809: 10805: 10801: 10797: 10792: 10788: 10787: 10781: 10778: 10772: 10768: 10763: 10759: 10754: 10750: 10744: 10740: 10735: 10732: 10730:0-7914-0944-9 10726: 10722: 10718: 10713: 10709: 10704: 10700: 10695: 10692: 10686: 10682: 10677: 10673: 10668: 10665: 10659: 10656:, Routledge, 10655: 10650: 10646: 10640: 10637:. Routledge. 10636: 10631: 10629: 10628:9780415202589 10625: 10624:9780415202572 10621: 10616: 10612: 10608: 10603: 10599: 10594: 10592: 10591:9780415202572 10588: 10587:9780415202589 10584: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10566: 10562: 10557: 10553: 10548: 10544: 10538: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10518: 10514: 10509: 10505: 10501: 10500:Inden, Ronald 10497: 10494: 10488: 10485:, Routledge, 10484: 10483: 10478: 10474: 10470: 10464: 10460: 10455: 10451: 10446: 10443: 10437: 10433: 10428: 10425: 10419: 10415: 10410: 10407: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10390: 10386: 10381: 10377: 10373: 10369: 10366: 10362: 10356: 10352: 10347: 10346: 10339: 10336: 10334:9780941532525 10330: 10326: 10325: 10319: 10316: 10310: 10306: 10305: 10299: 10295: 10290: 10286: 10281: 10277: 10272: 10268: 10266:81-7625-222-0 10262: 10258: 10257: 10251: 10247: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10229: 10225: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10207: 10204: 10198: 10194: 10189: 10186: 10184:9780791480526 10180: 10176: 10175: 10169: 10165: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10149: 10145: 10140: 10136: 10131: 10127: 10122: 10118: 10112: 10108: 10107: 10101: 10100: 10095: 10094: 10083: 10078: 10071:, dff.nic.in. 10070: 10063: 10057: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10035: 10027: 10021: 10017: 10016: 10008: 10006: 10004: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9979: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9963:, pp. 120–123 9962: 9958: 9954: 9953:Julius Lipner 9949: 9940: 9933: 9929: 9923: 9914: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9873: 9866: 9861: 9859: 9851: 9846: 9839: 9834: 9827: 9822: 9815: 9810: 9803: 9798: 9791: 9786: 9779: 9774: 9767: 9762: 9756: 9752: 9749:, pp. 16–17; 9748: 9744: 9739: 9733: 9727:, p. 16. 9726: 9721: 9715:, p. 95. 9714: 9709: 9703:, p. 40. 9702: 9697: 9690: 9685: 9678: 9673: 9666: 9661: 9654: 9649: 9642: 9637: 9630: 9625: 9618: 9613: 9606: 9601: 9594: 9593:Nakamura 1999 9589: 9582: 9581:Nakamura 1999 9577: 9570: 9569:Nakamura 1999 9565: 9558: 9553: 9551: 9543: 9538: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9514: 9508: 9501: 9496: 9490:, p. 60. 9489: 9484: 9477: 9472: 9465: 9460: 9454: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9439: 9437: 9429: 9424: 9417: 9416:Olivelle 2008 9412: 9410: 9403:, p. 57. 9402: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9385: 9380: 9373: 9368: 9361: 9356: 9354: 9347:, p. 80. 9346: 9341: 9339: 9331: 9330:Brereton 1986 9326: 9319: 9314: 9307: 9306:Olivelle 1998 9302: 9295: 9294:Olivelle 2008 9290: 9283: 9278: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9264: 9259: 9257: 9250:, p. 36. 9249: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9232: 9231:Olivelle 2008 9227: 9220: 9219:Brereton 1986 9215: 9213: 9211: 9204:, p. 81. 9203: 9198: 9190: 9184: 9180: 9179: 9171: 9165:, p. 49. 9164: 9159: 9152: 9147: 9141:, p. 14. 9140: 9135: 9126: 9117: 9110: 9105: 9098: 9094: 9088: 9081: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9063: 9058: 9051: 9050: 9043: 9036: 9031: 9024: 9019: 9012: 9007: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8983: 8978: 8971: 8967: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8949: 8943: 8936: 8932: 8926: 8919: 8915: 8909: 8903:, pp. 242–260 8902: 8898: 8892: 8885: 8880: 8873: 8868: 8862:, p. 47. 8861: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8842: 8837: 8830: 8825: 8819:, p. 46. 8818: 8813: 8806: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8790:, p. 26. 8789: 8784: 8782: 8774: 8769: 8763:, p. 64. 8762: 8757: 8750: 8745: 8738: 8733: 8726: 8721: 8715:, p. XV. 8714: 8709: 8707: 8699: 8698:Nakamura 2004 8694: 8688:, p. 13. 8687: 8682: 8680: 8672: 8671:Nakamura 2004 8667: 8665: 8657: 8652: 8645: 8639: 8633: 8629: 8623: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8605:9780199360079 8601: 8597: 8590: 8584:, p. 42. 8583: 8582:Michaels 2004 8578: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8558: 8553: 8547:, p. 41. 8546: 8545:Michaels 2004 8541: 8539: 8531: 8526: 8524: 8516: 8515:Michaels 2004 8511: 8509: 8501: 8500:Nakamura 2004 8496: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8454:, p. 99. 8453: 8448: 8439: 8435: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8406: 8403: 8397: 8389: 8388: 8380: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8365: 8358: 8352:, p. 13. 8351: 8346: 8340:, p. 23. 8339: 8334: 8332: 8324: 8318: 8311: 8306: 8304: 8287: 8283: 8276: 8257: 8250: 8243: 8236: 8231: 8224: 8219: 8217: 8209: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8192: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8165: 8160: 8153: 8148: 8139: 8123: 8119: 8113: 8098: 8094: 8087: 8071: 8065: 8058: 8053: 8045: 8043:90-04-06498-2 8039: 8035: 8034: 8026: 8024: 8015: 8011: 8005: 7998: 7994: 7988: 7980: 7974: 7970: 7969: 7961: 7953: 7947: 7943: 7938: 7937: 7928: 7920: 7914: 7910: 7905: 7904: 7895: 7893: 7884: 7878: 7874: 7873: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7854:, p. 29. 7853: 7848: 7841: 7836: 7830:, p. 52. 7829: 7824: 7822: 7814: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7778: 7773: 7766: 7761: 7755:, p. 90. 7754: 7749: 7742: 7737: 7730: 7725: 7718: 7713: 7711: 7702: 7696: 7692: 7691: 7683: 7675: 7668: 7661: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7644: 7639: 7632: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7611: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7593: 7587: 7583: 7576: 7568: 7562: 7558: 7551: 7542: 7533: 7525: 7519: 7515: 7514: 7506: 7498: 7492: 7488: 7487: 7480: 7472: 7465: 7450: 7448: 7447:Sankaravijaya 7439: 7433:, p. 35. 7432: 7427: 7425: 7417: 7412: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7390: 7385: 7378: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7362:, p. 29. 7361: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7341:, p. 55. 7340: 7335: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7298: 7291: 7286: 7284: 7276: 7271: 7269: 7261: 7256: 7249: 7248:Nakamura 2004 7244: 7237: 7236:Nakamura 2004 7232: 7225: 7224:Nakamura 2004 7220: 7218: 7216: 7208: 7207:Nakamura 2004 7203: 7196: 7191: 7184: 7183:Nakamura 2004 7179: 7172: 7167: 7165: 7157: 7152: 7145: 7140: 7133: 7128: 7122:, p. 37. 7121: 7116: 7110:, p. 56. 7109: 7104: 7098:, p. 35. 7097: 7092: 7086:, p. 34. 7085: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7066: 7059:, p. 32. 7058: 7053: 7045: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7026: 7020:, p. 31. 7019: 7014: 7012: 7004: 6999: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6973: 6967: 6960: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6944:, p. 85. 6943: 6938: 6931: 6930:Isaeva (1993) 6926: 6919: 6914: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6891:, p. 20. 6890: 6885: 6878: 6873: 6871: 6863: 6857: 6855: 6846: 6845: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6823: 6815: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6796: 6794: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6751: 6750: 6743: 6736:. p. 89. 6735: 6734: 6726: 6719: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6692: 6687: 6680: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6663: 6658: 6656: 6649:, p. 14. 6648: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6631: 6630:Biderman 1978 6626: 6624: 6622: 6614: 6613:Dasgupta 1997 6609: 6607: 6599: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6582: 6577: 6575: 6567: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6550: 6549:Nakamura 1999 6545: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6531: 6530:Nakamura 2004 6526: 6519: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6502: 6497: 6495: 6487: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6456: 6455:Halbfass 1990 6451: 6449: 6447: 6439: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6422: 6421:Halbfass 1983 6417: 6415: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6386: 6381: 6379: 6371: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6346: 6341: 6334: 6329: 6322: 6317: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6293: 6286: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6268:, p. 89. 6267: 6266:Goodding 2013 6262: 6255: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6215: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6194: 6189: 6182: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6164:, p. 29. 6163: 6158: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6128: 6124: 6123: 6116: 6114: 6106: 6101: 6099: 6091: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6045: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6020: 6011: 6002: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5984:use the term 5983: 5979: 5978:Deutsch (1973 5975: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5858: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5834:pramana-janya 5829: 5820: 5813: 5807: 5800: 5795: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5771: 5762: 5761:Chola dynasty 5758: 5754: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5718: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5679: 5672: 5662: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5633:Kushan Empire 5630: 5626: 5620: 5613: 5609: 5603: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5554: 5549: 5547: 5539: 5534: 5527: 5521: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5496: 5490: 5480: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5460: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5404: 5396: 5392: 5387: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5358:81-208-0310-8 5355: 5351: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5322:their meaning 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5294:Mookerji 2011 5289: 5287: 5285: 5277: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5251: 5246: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5221: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5185: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5070: 5067: 5061: 5056: 5053: 5042: 5039: 5028: 5017: 5016: 5011: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4928: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4896: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4812: 4810: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4605:, separating 4604: 4603:parisamkhyana 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4581: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4561: 4555: 4554:verse I.1.4: 4553: 4548: 600 CE 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4506: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4461: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4416: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4340:Ātman-Brahman 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4259: 4254: 4252: 4247: 4241: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4129: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4098:Atman-Brahman 4094: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4072: 4063: 4055: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4027:Atman-Brahman 4024: 4020: 4017:, especially 4016: 4015: 4010: 4009:Atman-Brahman 4006: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3939: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3885: 3881: 3880:Gupta dynasty 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3856:, especially 3855: 3854: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3750: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3719:Sānatsujātiya 3716: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3631: 3622: 3620: 3619:Brahma Sutras 3615: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3592: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3575: 3574:Krishna-staka 3571: 3570: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3520:Bhasya). His 3519: 3516:(part of his 3515: 3514:Bhagavad Gita 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3404: 3403:Narendra Modi 3400: 3396: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3378:neo-Vedantins 3369: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3212:Badrikashrama 3209: 3206:in the East, 3205: 3202:in the West, 3201: 3190: 3189: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3123: 3118: 3117: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3024: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2918: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2904: 2902: 2896: 2895:Sankaravijaya 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2858: 2857:hagiographies 2852: 2842: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2816: 2811: 2804: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2698:According to 2696: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2684:Brahma-siddhi 2681: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2662:Brahma-siddhi 2659: 2658:Brahma-siddhi 2655: 2651: 2650:Maṇḍana Miśra 2647: 2646:Mandana-Misra 2640: 2635: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2575: 2570: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2542:Other datings 2535: 800 CE 2529: 2524: 650 CE 2518: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2495: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2433:Matha datings 2430: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2352:Bhagavad Gita 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2281:Maṇḍana Miśra 2276: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2244:and teacher ( 2243: 2239: 2238:Vedic scholar 2234: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2141: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2115:Shiva Samhita 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2046:Brahma Sutras 2044: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2013:Bhagavad Gita 2011: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1924: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1892:Prashastapada 1889: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1831: 1830:Radhakrishnan 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1801: 1800:Anandamayi Ma 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785:Ramprasad Sen 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1775:Abhinavagupta 1773: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1629:Shuddhadvaita 1627: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1454: 1453: 1452:Integral yoga 1449: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1436:Shiva Advaita 1433: 1431: 1430: 1426: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1343:Shuddhadvaita 1340: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1249: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1017:Arvind Sharma 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 987:Eliot Deutsch 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 969: 965: 964: 958: 957: 950: 947: 946: 945: 944: 943: 942: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 919: 918: 917: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 881: 880: 879: 870: 869: 862: 861:Buddha-nature 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 843: 842: 841: 840: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 799: 798: 797: 796: 789: 786: 785: 779: 778: 771: 770:Vijnanabhiksu 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 751: 750: 749: 748: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 730: 729: 728: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 692: 691: 690: 689: 682: 679: 678: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 644:Mandana Misra 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 631: 630: 629: 620: 619: 612: 609: 608: 607: 606: 600: 597: 596: 595: 594: 588: 585: 583: 580: 579: 578: 577: 571: 570:Avadhuta Gita 568: 567: 566: 565: 559: 556: 554: 553:Yoga Vasistha 551: 550: 549: 548: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 518: 517: 516: 510: 507: 506: 505: 504: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 472: 471:Bhagavad Gita 468: 467:Brahma Sutras 464: 460: 458: 455: 454: 453: 445: 444: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 413: 407: 406: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 360: 354: 353: 346: 343: 341: 338: 337: 336: 335: 334: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 291:Satchitananda 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 263: 262: 261: 252: 251: 244: 241: 239: 236: 235: 234: 233: 232: 231:New movements 224: 220: 218: 215: 212: 208: 206: 203: 202: 201: 200: 199: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 182: 181: 180: 170: 169: 165: 161: 160: 157: 154: 153: 149: 148: 141: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 119: 116: 113: 109: 104: 101: 97: 93: 90: 87: 83: 79: 75: 67: 63: 58: 54: 48: 43: 36: 33: 29: 22: 14513:Adi Shankara 14461: 14280:Martin Lings 14233:Emil Brunner 14223:Paul Tillich 14213:Martin Buber 14128:W K Clifford 14105:Afrikan Spir 14020:Thomas Chubb 13972:Early modern 13952:Adi Shankara 13951: 13865:Philosophers 13849:Natural evil 13765: 13741:Spiritualism 13716:Perennialism 13669:Metaphysical 13513:Antireligion 13388:Teleological 13311:Cosmological 13262:Baháʼí Faith 13227:Christianity 13186:Personal god 12955:Iccha-mrityu 12920:Satkaryavada 12820:Nididhyasana 12805:Matsya Nyaya 12539:Madhvacharya 12369:Adi Shankara 12368: 12362:Philosophers 12345: 12338: 12321: 12302: 12295: 12286:Shiva Sutras 12276:Sangam texts 12268: 12261: 12252:Nyāya Sūtras 12232: 12225: 12208: 12198:Brahma Sutra 12197: 12189: 12182: 12177:Arthashastra 12175: 12168: 12110:Pratyabhijna 11990:Anekantavada 11775:videha-mukti 11767: 11742:Adi Shankara 11730: 11650: 11646: 11635: 11615: 11611: 11595: 11591: 11575: 11556: 11531: 11527: 11517: 11509:the original 11488: 11484: 11463: 11459: 11440: 11421: 11403: 11382:the original 11351: 11324: 11306: 11273: 11269: 11244: 11240: 11220: 11201: 11192: 11183: 11174: 11154: 11134: 11125: 11105: 11095: 11086: 11067: 11057: 11039: 11020: 11000: 10981: 10962: 10941: 10921: 10903: 10881: 10859: 10855: 10845: 10834: 10825: 10807: 10804:Mookerji, R. 10795: 10785: 10766: 10738: 10720: 10707: 10698: 10680: 10671: 10653: 10634: 10606: 10597: 10569: 10563:, SUNY Press 10560: 10551: 10532: 10512: 10503: 10481: 10458: 10449: 10431: 10413: 10394: 10384: 10375: 10365:smarta sect. 10364: 10344: 10323: 10303: 10293: 10284: 10275: 10255: 10245: 10236: 10232: 10223: 10214: 10192: 10173: 10147: 10143: 10134: 10125: 10105: 10077: 10056: 10048:the original 10034: 10014: 9985: 9978:Whaling 1979 9948: 9939: 9922: 9899:, retrieved 9894: 9884: 9872: 9845: 9833: 9821: 9809: 9797: 9785: 9773: 9761: 9732: 9720: 9713:Cenkner 1995 9708: 9696: 9684: 9672: 9660: 9648: 9636: 9624: 9612: 9600: 9588: 9576: 9564: 9537: 9520: 9511:Max Muller, 9507: 9495: 9483: 9471: 9459: 9444: 9423: 9379: 9367: 9325: 9313: 9301: 9289: 9284:, p. 8. 9226: 9197: 9177: 9170: 9163:Deutsch 1973 9158: 9146: 9134: 9125: 9116: 9104: 9087: 9057: 9047: 9042: 9030: 9018: 9006: 8989: 8977: 8942: 8925: 8908: 8891: 8879: 8867: 8836: 8824: 8812: 8768: 8756: 8744: 8732: 8720: 8693: 8651: 8638: 8622: 8595: 8589: 8552: 8495: 8468: 8459: 8447: 8422:, pp. 58–59; 8396: 8386: 8379: 8362: 8357: 8345: 8317: 8290:. Retrieved 8275: 8263:. Retrieved 8256:the original 8242: 8230: 8159: 8147: 8138: 8126:. Retrieved 8121: 8112: 8100:. Retrieved 8096: 8086: 8074:. Retrieved 8064: 8052: 8032: 8013: 8004: 7987: 7967: 7960: 7935: 7927: 7902: 7871: 7847: 7835: 7813:Doniger 1999 7808: 7801: 7796: 7789: 7784: 7772: 7760: 7748: 7736: 7724: 7689: 7682: 7673: 7667: 7638: 7581: 7575: 7556: 7550: 7541: 7532: 7512: 7505: 7485: 7479: 7470: 7464: 7452:. Retrieved 7446: 7438: 7411: 7384: 7334: 7318: 7297: 7255: 7243: 7231: 7202: 7190: 7178: 7158:, p. 6. 7151: 7139: 7127: 7115: 7103: 7091: 7079: 7052: 7032: 7025: 6998: 6989: 6983: 6966: 6937: 6925: 6913: 6884: 6861: 6843: 6836: 6828: 6822: 6802: 6780:. Retrieved 6775: 6766: 6754:. Retrieved 6748: 6742: 6732: 6725: 6686: 6525: 6520:, p. 4. 6340: 6328: 6316: 6309:Nowicka 2016 6304: 6292: 6261: 6188: 6126: 6121: 6069:, p. 1. 6062: 6044: 6036: 6032: 6024: 6019: 6010: 6001: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5982:Menon (2012) 5970:pratyagatman 5969: 5966:Mayeda (1992 5962:pratyagatman 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5942:Hacker (1995 5917: 5914:Deutsch 1973 5900: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5878: 5857: 5833: 5828: 5819: 5806: 5794: 5779:Chinese Chán 5775:McRae (2003) 5770: 5717: 5708: 5700: 5695: 5688: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5661: 5637: 5625:Gupta Empire 5619: 5602: 5595:Isaeva (1993 5572: 5565:Potter (2006 5560: 5533: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5503: 5489: 5479: 5453:Google Books 5446: 5394: 5375: 5369: 5343: 5333: 5329: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5271: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5052:India portal 5013: 4980: 4970:Master Raghu 4966:Murali Mohan 4965: 4962:P. Bhaskaran 4955: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4902: 4883: 4875: 4873: 4861: 4851:via negativa 4849: 4847: 4823: 4818: 4806: 4790: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4747:Brahmacharya 4742: 4726: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4679: 4675: 4673: 4663: 4648: 4645:prasamkhyana 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4629:Prasamkhyana 4628: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4599:prasamkhyana 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4584: 4579: 4572: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4552:Brahma Sutra 4551: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4495:pratyagatman 4494: 4488: 4484: 4481:tat tvam asi 4480: 4474: 4464: 4458: 4456: 4452:That you are 4451: 4439: 4432: 4429: 4426:Aitareya V.3 4421: 4408: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4381:tat tvam asi 4379: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4359: 4354: 4348:tat tvam asi 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4312: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4262: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4238: 4221: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4185: 4175: 4166:in his text 4159: 4155: 4153: 4145: 4133: 4130: 4126: 4122:purusatantra 4121: 4118:codanatantra 4117: 4113: 4109: 4106:svatahsiddha 4105: 4102:svapramanaka 4101: 4097: 4093:epistemology 4086: 4076: 4070: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4019:Tat Tvam Asi 4018: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3979: 3975: 3973: 3967: 3958: 3953: 3943: 3938:Advaita-vāda 3937: 3934: 3896: 3877: 3858:Tat Tvam Asi 3857: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3829: 3822: 3810: 3804: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3700:Suta-samhita 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3659: 3632: 3628: 3616: 3611: 3601: 3584: 3578: 3573: 3569:Dasha-shloki 3568: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3511: 3468: 3460:Brahma Sutra 3455: 3451: 3449: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3429: 3392: 3389:21st century 3382:Orientalists 3380:and western 3375: 3365: 3359: 3355: 3340:Ishta Devata 3314: 3305: 3298: 3297: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3273: 3267: 3255: 3246: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3215: 3183: 3170: 3164: 3160: 3155:renunciation 3152: 3128: 3111: 3085: 3072:Totakacharya 3063: 3057: 3047: 3043: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3012: 2993: 2972: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2864: 2862: 2854: 2839: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2764: 2760: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2730:-tradition. 2713: 2697: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2661: 2657: 2642: 2637: 2629: 2591: 2585: 2471: 2456:at 485 BCE, 2452:at 491 BCE, 2427: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2387: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2356: 2350: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2328: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2255: 2245: 2193: 2190:Adi Shankara 2189: 2188: 2122: 2095:Arthashastra 2090:Dharmaśāstra 2061:Nyāya Sūtras 2031: 2030: 2005: 1984: 1953: 1929: 1744:Swaminarayan 1609:Madhvacharya 1600:(Tattvavada) 1563:Adi Shankara 1562: 1466: 1450: 1434: 1427: 1420: 1413: 1406: 1401:Pratyabhijna 1399: 1392: 1376: 1369: 1362: 1355: 1348: 1341: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1302: 1285: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1239: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1190: 1183: 1176: 1029:David Godman 1023:Non-academic 972:Paul Deussen 939: 938: 937: 915: 914: 913: 877: 876: 838: 837: 836: 794: 793: 792: 745: 744: 743: 734:Gorakshanath 726: 725: 724: 688:Contemporary 687: 686: 685: 639:Adi Shankara 638: 627: 626: 604: 603: 592: 591: 575: 574: 563: 562: 547:Advaita-Yoga 546: 545: 525: 515:Adi Shankara 514: 513: 502: 501: 451: 398:Self-enquiry 340:Pratyabhijna 332: 331: 330: 306:Three Bodies 301:Tat Tvam Asi 259: 258: 230: 229: 228: 211:Pratyabhijna 197: 196: 195: 177: 176: 106:Organization 39:Adi Shankara 32: 14613:Ontologists 14300:Antony Flew 14285:Peter Geach 14218:René Guénon 14165:Lev Shestov 14160:Rudolf Otto 13867:of religion 13706:Panentheism 13639:Inclusivism 13558:Exclusivism 13553:Esotericism 13523:Creationism 13503:Agnosticism 13471:Poor design 13466:Omnipotence 13393:Natural law 13368:Ontological 13321:Contingency 13171:Holy Spirit 13000:Vivartavada 12890:Rājamaṇḍala 12845:Paramananda 12645:Apauruṣheyā 12640:Anupalabdhi 12499:Vivekananda 12464:Dharmakirti 12424:Buddhaghosa 12414:Yājñavalkya 12221:Jain Agamas 12216:Hindu texts 12095:Navya-Nyāya 12031:Svatantrika 12026:Sautrāntika 11915:Vaisheshika 11725:‹ The 11653:(1): 1–42. 11276:(1): 1–42. 10701:, Routledge 10674:, Routledge 10452:. Reinbeck. 10416:, Ashgate, 10239:(1): 98–109 10082:Mayeda 1992 9877:Potter 2008 9865:Mayeda 2006 9850:Mayeda 1992 9838:Mayeda 1992 9826:Mayeda 1992 9814:Mayeda 1992 9802:Mayeda 1992 9790:Mayeda 1992 9778:Mayeda 1992 9766:Potter 2008 9725:Potter 2008 9653:Mayeda 1992 9641:Mayeda 1992 9629:Mayeda 1992 9617:Mayeda 1992 9605:Mayeda 1992 9557:Mayeda 1992 9542:Mayeda 1992 9500:Mayeda 1992 9488:Lipner 2000 9476:Lipner 2000 9464:Mayeda 1992 9428:Mayeda 1992 9401:Lipner 2000 9384:Mayeda 1992 9360:Grimes 1996 9263:Lipner 2000 9151:Mayeda 1992 9139:Mayeda 1992 9109:Mayeda 2006 9062:Isaeva 1993 9023:Isaeva 1993 9011:Isaeva 1993 9001:, pp. 42–44 8972:, pp. 70–71 8884:Comans 2000 8872:Comans 2000 8860:Mayeda 2006 8829:Mayeda 2006 8817:Mayeda 2006 8805:Comans 2000 8761:Sharma 2000 8749:Isaeva 1993 8737:Lipner 2000 8725:Mayeda 1992 8713:Mayeda 1992 8686:Mayeda 2006 8656:Potter 2008 8596:On Hinduism 8530:Koller 2012 8452:Koller 2012 8350:Grimes 2004 8338:Grimes 2004 8310:Hacker 1995 8208:Isaeva 1993 7753:Isaeva 1993 7741:Isaeva 1993 7729:Isaeva 1993 7717:Isaeva 1993 7643:Isaeva 1993 7610:Isaeva 1993 7449:literature" 7360:Hacker 1995 7339:Stoker 2016 7275:Stoker 2016 7171:Potter 2006 7144:Sharma 1997 7132:Potter 2008 6906:Mayeda 2015 6718:Mayeda 2006 6691:Isaeva 1993 6679:Isaeva 1993 6647:Isaeva 1993 6566:Comans 2000 6501:Grimes 2004 6486:Koller 2007 6406:Hacker 1995 6385:Isaeva 1993 6370:Mayeda 2006 6254:Hacker 1995 6090:Isaeva 1993 5950:vijnanatman 5930:Bowker 2000 5924:Koller 2013 5904:knowledge." 5799:Inden (1998 5781:during the 5729:Pala Empire 5687:, pp. 3–4, 5638:pancayatana 5538:Koller 2013 5414:Isaeva 1993 5314:Parabrahman 5213:Mayeda 2015 5209:Comans 2000 5205:Mayeda 2015 5201:Comans 2000 5197:Koller 2013 4899:Differences 4838:Vijnanavada 4660: 1200 4637:brahmajnana 4595:prasamcaksa 4444:Mandukya II 4378:तत्त्वमसि, 4207:Brahmajnana 4160:apta vacana 4156:apta vacana 4114:vastutantra 4083:soteriology 4079:metaphysics 3884:King Harsha 3692:Brahma-gita 3604:Vaishnavism 3270:tradition: 3192:(Sanskrit: 3125:monasticism 3096:Kanchipuram 3092:Uttarakhand 3014:Shastrartha 3004:Brahmasutra 2981:Omkareshwar 2610:Pañcāyatana 2466:Kanchipuram 2263:Pañcāyatana 2242:philosopher 2223:'First 2071:Yoga Sutras 2023:Vachanamrut 1978:Atharvaveda 1931:Major texts 1881:Vaisheshika 1820:Vivekananda 1810:Neo-Vedanta 1704:Chakradhara 1694:Mahanubhava 1619:Vyasatirtha 1444:Neo-Vedanta 1415:Pramanavada 1408:Panchartika 1364:Mahanubhava 1312:Vaishnavite 1286:Sub-schools 1199:Vaisheshika 961:Scholarship 941:Neo-Vedanta 747:Neo-Advaita 593:Neo-Vedanta 238:Neo-Advaita 14618:Pantheists 14507:Categories 14270:J L Mackie 14228:Karl Barth 14025:David Hume 13947:Maimonides 13932:Heraclitus 13721:Polytheism 13691:Nondualism 13679:Humanistic 13664:Naturalism 13654:Monotheism 13612:Henotheism 13607:Gnosticism 13538:Demonology 13421:747 gambit 13338:Experience 13176:Misotheism 12950:Svātantrya 12840:Paramatman 12795:Kshetrajna 12770:Ishvaratva 12710:Cittabhumi 12705:Chidabhasa 12655:Asiddhatva 12575:Abhasavada 12549:Guru Nanak 12484:Vasubandhu 12310:Upanishads 12304:Tirukkuṟaḷ 12263:Panchadasi 12068:Bhedabheda 12016:Madhyamaka 11856:Monotheism 10578:1120551977 9901:28 October 9442:Shankara, 9345:Braue 1984 9248:Black 2012 9202:Braue 1984 8982:Aptavacana 8557:White 2000 8235:Pande 2011 8223:Pande 2011 8191:Pande 2011 8164:Pande 2011 8076:22 January 7840:Rosen 2006 7777:Clark 2006 7765:Clark 2006 7660:Pande 2011 7631:Pande 2011 7431:Pande 2011 6345:Allen 2017 6321:Bader 2001 6297:Clark 2006 6229:Clark 2006 6055:References 5936:Menon 2012 5885:Shankara, 5745:(752–973), 5666:authentic. 5391:King (1995 5371:paramatman 5104:Upanishads 5099:Jnana Yoga 4801:See also: 4664:mahavakyas 4649:mahavakyas 4633:mahavakyas 4619:Upanishads 4487:refers to 4433:is Brahman 4371:Mahāvākyas 4355:Mahāvākyas 4313:Mahāvākyas 4277:Upasamhara 4148:Madhyamika 4091:, that is 4014:Mahāvākyas 3950:Badarayana 3904:Vaisnavism 3853:Mahavakyas 3764:, neither 3684:Uttaragita 3669:Atma bodha 3596:SAT Temple 3585:Prakaranas 3572:, and the 3526:Yogasutras 3507:Gaudapadas 3497:, and the 3292:istadevata 3256:sampradaya 3252:sampradaya 3223:Vidyaranya 3127:, and the 3106:See also: 3064:Atma-bodha 3000:Upanishads 2960:Sivataraka 2942:upanayanam 2921:Early life 2875:Guruvijaya 2769:doxography 2749:Vidyaranya 2678:, and the 2567:See also: 2512: 750 2510: – c. 2508: 700 2499:Max Müller 2454:Jyotirmath 2355:, and the 2300:renunciate 2229:pronounced 2100:Kama Sutra 1986:Upanishads 1614:Jayatirtha 1544:(Mayavada) 1532:Prabhākara 1322:Bhedabheda 1077:Nondualism 1041:Categories 997:Max Müller 851:Madhyamika 807:Upanishads 782:Influences 669:Vidyaranya 664:Amalananda 536:Atma bodha 492:Panchadasi 431:Jivanmukta 383:Jnana yoga 368:Meditation 286:Mahāvākyas 243:Nondualism 111:Philosophy 98:Expounded 72:c. 700 CE; 14563:Idealists 14370:Loyal Rue 14095:Karl Marx 13917:Gaudapada 13746:Shamanism 13711:Pantheism 13696:Nontheism 13674:Religious 13659:Mysticism 13632:Christian 13622:Religious 13573:Atheistic 13568:Christian 13451:Nonbelief 13436:Free will 13252:Mormonism 13076:Afterlife 12810:Mithyatva 12700:Chaitanya 12695:Catuṣkoṭi 12660:Asatkalpa 12635:Anavastha 12610:Aishvarya 12529:Sakayanya 12524:Sadananda 12489:Gaudapada 12474:Nagarjuna 12429:Patañjali 12245:Principal 12227:Kamasutra 12021:Yogachara 11940:Raseśvara 11522:(Reprint) 11357:Ramanajua 11298:170613052 11253:0378-1143 10904:Upaniṣads 10882:Upaniṣads 10806:(2011) , 10615:248920425 10164:170754201 9891:"Śaṅkara" 9755:218363449 9736:Sanskrit: 8632:254278306 8614:858660095 8487:609421317 8433:, p. 148; 8152:Flood1996 8057:King 2001 7997:644426018 7454:23 August 7108:King 1999 7072:King 2002 6782:20 August 6662:King 1995 6333:Raju 1985 6193:Tola 1989 6181:King 2001 6105:King 2001 5646:Karnataka 5553:King 2002 5298:Svādhyāya 4995:Best Film 4977:G.V. Iyer 4864:Sunyavada 4856:neti neti 4842:Sunyavada 4698:II.1.25) 4591:mahavyaka 4580:Mahāvākya 4476:mahavakya 4430:Prajñānam 4293:Arthavada 3688:Siva-gita 3655:Shringeri 3361:Kartikeya 3344:Kartikeya 3338:, and an 3088:Kedarnath 3048:Sannyasin 3040:Charvakas 3023:Digvijaya 3021:Travels ( 2989:Badrinath 2964:Sannyasin 2870:digvijaya 2851:Digvijaya 2834:Kedarnath 2803:Digvijaya 2765:digvijaya 2693:Sureśvara 2639:evidence. 2596:tradition 2406:Vaishnava 2316:Dashanami 2304:digvijaya 2207:romanized 2110:Tirumurai 1968:Yajurveda 1872:Patanjali 1825:Aurobindo 1790:Bamakhepa 1724:Sankardev 1553:Gaudapada 1227:Heterodox 649:Sureśvara 634:Gaudapada 503:Gaudapada 388:Rāja yoga 373:Svādhyāya 357:Practices 326:Neti neti 281:Ajativada 140:Jagadguru 80:c. 750 CE 14492:Category 14437:Religion 14427:Exegesis 13912:Boethius 13907:Averroes 13902:Avicenna 13884:medieval 13854:Theodicy 13701:Pandeism 13617:Humanism 13585:Thealogy 13528:Dharmism 13498:Acosmism 13490:Theology 13358:Morality 13353:Miracles 13232:Hinduism 13222:Buddhism 13181:Pandeism 13156:Demiurge 13124:Theodicy 12975:Tanmatra 12970:Tajjalan 12960:Syādvāda 12860:Pradhana 12835:Padārtha 12800:Lakshana 12745:Ekagrata 12590:Adrishta 12585:Adarsana 12563:Concepts 12544:Mahavira 12509:Ramanuja 12459:Chanakya 12394:Avatsara 12389:Valluvar 12329:Vedangas 12143:Gandhism 12046:Medieval 11995:Syādvāda 11980:Charvaka 11952:Pāṇiniya 11846:Idealism 11727:template 11699:LibriVox 11667:23440361 11641:20 vols. 11606:(2003). 11330:Shankara 11290:23440361 11261:41693459 10902:(2008), 10879:(1998), 10479:(2002), 10374:(1978). 10177:, SUNY, 9449:Archived 8467:(2006). 8405:Archived 8286:Archived 8128:24 March 8102:23 March 5852:, p. 249 5785:and the 5654:Harihara 5292:Compare 5119:Vairagya 5024:See also 4987:Sanskrit 4954:In 1977 4892:Bhaskara 4880:Ramanuja 4725:such as 4653:Vivarana 4285:Apurvata 4273:Upakrama 4211:anubhava 4191:anubhava 4182:Anubhava 4176:pramanas 4135:pramanas 4088:pramanas 4071:Pramanas 4058:— 4023:jivatman 4005:jivatman 3976:jivatman 3916:Buddhism 3900:Shaivism 3756:Neither 3717:and the 3608:Shaivism 3563:Harimide 3522:Vivarana 3473:and the 3354:system, 3352:Shanmata 3342:such as 3320:quincunx 3260:Hinduism 3249:Smartism 3208:Sringeri 2985:Varanasi 2956:Sannyasa 2950:Sannyasa 2782:darsanas 2778:darsanas 2720:Ramanuja 2704:Bhaskara 2654:Kumarila 2634:states, 2614:form of 2604:Sant Mat 2600:Smartism 2462:Sringeri 2438:509–477 2384:jivatman 2375:shastras 2320:Shanmata 2289:Advaitic 2267:form of 2198:Sanskrit 2146:Hinduism 2033:Shastras 1973:Samaveda 1908:Valluvar 1679:Nimbarka 1639:Vallabha 1583:Ramanuja 1471:Acharyas 1467:Teachers 1386:Shaivite 1294:Smartist 1255:Buddhism 1241:Charvaka 1164:Orthodox 1140:a series 1138:Part of 966:Academic 856:Yogacara 839:Buddhism 795:Hinduism 623:Teachers 421:Anubhava 255:Concepts 191:Vivarana 89:Hinduism 85:Religion 69:Shankara 60:Personal 14463:more... 14196:postwar 13879:Ancient 13767:more... 13686:New Age 13627:Secular 13597:Fideism 13548:Dualism 13518:Atheism 13508:Animism 13414:Against 13257:Sikhism 13247:Judaism 13242:Jainism 13151:Brahman 13104:Miracle 13020:More... 12990:Upekkhā 12985:Uparati 12965:Taijasa 12940:Śūnyatā 12910:Saṃsāra 12905:Samadhi 12870:Prakṛti 12825:Nirvāṇa 12775:Jivatva 12765:Ikshana 12720:Devatas 12690:Bhumika 12680:Brahman 12670:Avyakta 12615:Akrodha 12595:Advaita 12554:More... 12449:Jaimini 12353:More... 12063:Advaita 12053:Vedanta 12011:Śūnyatā 11970:Ājīvika 11962:Nāstika 11930:Vedanta 11925:Mīmāṃsā 11905:Samkhya 11885:Ancient 11841:Atomism 11836:Atheism 11773:?–820 ( 11729:below ( 11688:at the 11548:2104222 11505:1397287 10710:, BRILL 10278:, BRILL 10091:Sources 9997:, p. 39 8292:24 July 8265:24 July 7473:. viii. 6978:, p. 68 6149:, p. 40 6033:brahman 5994:Brahman 5897:Brahman 5870:Bhamati 5868:in the 5650:Kashmir 5019:version 4921:anatman 4917:Nirvana 4913:Brahman 4868:Advaita 4826:Brahman 4769:Brahman 4745:during 4739:Akrodha 4731:Niyamas 4708:Brahman 4692:Brahman 4684:Brahman 4585:In the 4541:Brahman 4533:Brahman 4473:in the 4366:Brahman 4332:Brahman 4281:Abhyasa 4246:Shrutis 4232:Brahman 4203:pramana 4041:samsara 4031:Brahman 3990:Mīmāṃsā 3985:Brahman 3946:Vedānta 3920:Jainism 3892:Mandala 3889:Tantric 3848:Brahman 3831:Brahman 3818:Brahman 3464:Vedanta 3452:Bhasyas 3366:Murugan 3348:Ganesha 3200:Dvārakā 3141:of the 3137:Ṣaṇmata 3053:Ashrama 3009:Mimamsa 2977:Narmada 2845:Sources 2836:, India 2826:Samadhi 2740:darsana 2671:Bhamati 2620:Brahman 2616:worship 2517:Mimamsa 2450:Dvārakā 2418:Brahman 2398:Mīmāṃsā 2393:Brahman 2273:Brahman 2269:worship 2247:acharya 2227:', 2221: 2209:: 2085:Puranas 1963:Rigveda 1901:Secular 1849:Samkhya 1542:Advaita 1522:Jaimini 1512:Mīmāṃsā 1304:Advaita 1262:Jainism 1248:Ājīvika 1213:Vedanta 1206:Mīmāṃsā 1178:Samkhya 1047:Advaita 832:Vedanta 822:Samkhya 812:Mimamsa 611:Dasbodh 271:Brahman 186:Bhāmatī 173:Schools 156:Advaita 14482:Portal 13756:Theism 13649:Monism 13383:Reason 13333:Desire 13328:Degree 13296:Beauty 13210:God in 13166:Egoism 13119:Spirit 12995:Utsaha 12945:Sutram 12935:Sthiti 12930:Sphoṭa 12900:Sakshi 12885:Puruṣa 12865:Prajna 12830:Niyama 12790:Kasaya 12735:Dravya 12725:Dharma 12685:Bhuman 12675:Bhrama 12630:Ananta 12625:Anatta 12620:Aksara 12605:Ahimsa 12580:Abheda 12570:Abhava 12519:Raikva 12439:Kapila 12434:Kanada 12131:Modern 12105:Shaiva 12073:Dvaita 11975:Ajñana 11935:Shaiva 11893:Āstika 11876:Moksha 11829:Topics 11746:Curlie 11732:Curlie 11665: 11563: 11546: 11503: 11447: 11428: 11296: 11288: 11259: 11251: 11228: 11208: 11162: 11141: 11113: 11075: 11046: 11027: 11008: 10988: 10970: 10949: 10928: 10910: 10889: 10814: 10773: 10745: 10727: 10687: 10660: 10641: 10622: 10613: 10585: 10576: 10539: 10519: 10489: 10465: 10438: 10420: 10402: 10357: 10331: 10311: 10263: 10199: 10181: 10162: 10113: 10022: 9993: 9959: 9930: 9753: 9745: 9528: 9185: 9095: 8997: 8968: 8933: 8916: 8899: 8630: 8612: 8602: 8485: 8475: 8429: 8418: 8371: 8040: 7995: 7975: 7948: 7915: 7879: 7697: 7588: 7563: 7520: 7493: 7325: 7040: 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