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820:) and by raising taxes, but at the same time barring exports, e.g. of cattle, from Tyrol into Bavaria. Furthermore, the state mingled into the affairs of the church in Tyrol, banning traditional rural holidays, the ringing of church bells, processions etc. which were a vital part of Tyrolean culture. Additionally, on 1 May 1808, the County of Tyrol was disestablished and administratively split up into the three districts of
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In the 19th century, the civilian resistance against suppression of
Bavarian rulers and Napoleon, the leadership of Andreas Hofer and his execution on Napoleon's order became part of the national narrative, partly transformed into legends and myths, especially for the German speaking Tyrolese. The
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whereafter the
Austrian forces withdraw from Tyrol. Thus, the rebels, who had their strongholds in Southern Tyrol, were left fighting alone. They however were able to inflict several defeats to the French and Bavarians forces under Marshal Lefebvre in July, culminating in a complete French retreat
836:
rights that had given privileges to the
Tyrolean population, such as not having to fight in a foreign army and outside the Tyrolean borders. Conscription was thus introduced in Tyrol and Tyrolese called into Bavarian military service, which led to open revolt. Also because Bavaria had to deliver
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In its policies and legislation, the
Bavarian government under minister Count Montgelas angered the Tyrolean population in several ways. By writing new rules, by reorganising the schooling system, by abolishing the ages old Tyrolean people's right to selfdefence
891:
on the
Bavarian-French allies on 9 April 1809. Archduke John explicitly stated that Bavaria had forfeit all rights to Tyrol, which rightfully belonged with the Austrian lands, and therefore any resistance against Bavarian occupation would be legitimate.
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Many of the
Tyrolean fighters were killed by the French and Bavarian forces in the following weeks. The leader Andreas Hofer fled into the mountains and hid at several places in South Tyrol. He was betrayed to the French near
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1058:, first wanted to pardon him, but was overruled by his stepfather Napoleon. The death penalty was issued on 19 February and executed the next day. Hofer's mortal remains were buried at the
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In consequence of the civilian insurrection, Bavaria pressured by the French on 28 February 1810 had to cede large parts of
Southern Tyrol with the Trentino to Italy and the eastern
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officially gave up any claims to Tyrol. Napoleon ordered the re-conquest of the province the same day. A combination of French military force under the new command of
General
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on 12-13 August. Hofer now took over the administration of the unoccupied territories at
Innsbruck; large parts of Tyrol enjoyed a brief period of independence.
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1109:„Andreas Hofer – Held wider Willen“``(Andres Hofer - Hero against his will), historians show results of research shifting facts from myths.
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887:. The Austrian Empire, citing a breach of the conditions agreed in the Peace of Pressburg guaranteeing Tyrolean autonomy,
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near
Innsbruck on 12 April and 25 May, the Tyrolean troops fought against the Bavarians, who were forced to retreat.
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deals with the execution of Hofer and the fight against the foreign occupants. It became the anthem of the Austrian
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and diplomatic de-escalation measures by the rather pro-Tyrolean and anti-Napoleonic Bavarian commander, Prince
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on 1 November, that effectively suppressed the revolt despite minor Tyrolean victories later in November.
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shortly afterwards, Bavaria found itself on the victorious side. In 1805 the warring parties agreed the
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on 12 and 13 March 1809. The persons in hiding stayed in contact with the Austrian court in
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The trigger for the outbreak of the uprising of the Tyrolean civilians was the flight to
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and gained French-occupied Tyrol, which since 1363 had been held by the dynasty of the
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in 1807, with massive fines for refusal. For the Tyroleans this was pure blasphemy.
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of 14 October, a set of agreements ending the War of the Fifth Coalition, Emperor
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and marched against Innsbruck, but was defeated by Bavarian troops led by French
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945:. There they did build barricades on strategic points. In the First and Second
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on 22 May. Nevertheless, after the French again gained the upper hand at the
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in 1948. Hofer's story has been brought to the screen in 1929 in the movie
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The Tyroleans celebrated the news that Napoleon had suffered defeat at the
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Martin Teimer and Kajetan Sveth, against new legislation and a compulsory
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1073:. Upon Napoleon's fall in 1814 and the agreements negotiated at the
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supported by his wife Anna and a strategic council consisting of
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Loyal Rebels: Andreas Hofer and the Tyrolean Uprising of 1809
912:
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866:
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and Maximilian I. The broader military context is called the
832:. The new Bavarian constitution also replaced long existing
1283:
1097:
Andres Hofer - The Fight for Freedom of the Tyrolean people
1025:
1357:"Diese Schutzimpfung provozierte den bewaffneten Aufstand"
1099:). Hofer's life and death was the model for the 1932 film
1338:"Als Bayern drakonische Strafen für Impfgegner verhängte"
1222:
1077:, all parts of Tyrol were re-united under Austrian rule.
1414:"Andreas Hofer - Der Freiheitskampf des Tiroler Volkes"
1384:"ANDREAS HOFER AND THE INSURRECTION IN THE TYROL, 1809"
852:
837:
soldiers for Napoleon's devastating wars in Russia and
1046:
on 28 January 1810. Hofer was arrested and brought to
16:
1809 resistance of Tyrolean civilians against Napoleon
1093:
Andreas Hofer - Der Freiheitskampf des Tiroler Volkes
807:(Trentino) to the Bavarian king on 11 February 1806.
1143:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
746:
682:) is a name given to the resistance of militiamen,
861:of young men that were due to be called into the
3878:
929:Meanwhile, an army of Tyrolean citizen militia (
663:Andreas Hofer and strategy council, painting by
3805:European Peasant Wars (19th and 20th centuries)
3732:England expects that every man will do his duty
354:
3789:
1548:
1248:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 13 March 2024.
340:
153:
1442:
1312:"Er machte Bayern zum modernen Musterstaat"
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3796:
3782:
1555:
1541:
1305:
1303:
347:
333:
1382:Hamish, DAVEY WRIGHT (27 December 2017).
1203:Learn how and when to remove this message
937:upon the war message had gathered around
1035:The execution of Andreas Hofer in Mantua
1029:
1026:Aftermath and execution of Andreas Hofer
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951:
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138:
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1309:
1300:
686:, craftsmen and other civilians of the
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1878:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
1381:
1310:Stürmer, Michael (11 September 2009).
1288:. Bund der Tiroler Schuetzenkompagnien
905:Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles
779:, signed a secret defence alliance at
763:under the common federally structured
3777:
3560:Spanish American wars of independence
1536:
1449:The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History
328:
3932:Wars involving the Habsburg monarchy
1473:
1141:adding citations to reliable sources
1112:
853:Outbreak and course of the rebellion
3545:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
1562:
1452:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1284:Gerhard Gstraunthaler; Fritz Gast.
799:, who, defeated by Napoleon at the
13:
1467:
1355:Seewald, Berthold (28 June 2021).
1336:Kratzer, Hans (26 November 2021).
791:, where Bavaria was elevated to a
14:
3948:
1483:
1394:from the original on 24 July 2020
3420:Frederick William III of Prussia
3400:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
1489:
1242:"Andreas Hofer, Tirolean leader"
1117:
903:An Austrian corps under General
759:, that had been allied with the
747:Governing and military situation
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3540:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
3470:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1128:needs additional citations for
3841:1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt
3455:Prince Regent John of Portugal
3365:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
3310:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
3305:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1478:. University Press of America.
1406:
1375:
1348:
1329:
1277:
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1234:
941:and marched north towards the
771:: the Bavarian Minister Count
741:
42:Homecoming of Tyrolean Militia
1:
3480:Prince Charles John of Sweden
1420:. IMDB com, an Amazon company
1363:(in German). Axel Springer SE
1215:
1525:Battle of Villafranca (1809)
1037:by Napoleon's officers, 1810
370:German and Austrian campaign
7:
988:Archduke Charles of Austria
810:
10:
3953:
3912:War of the Fifth Coalition
3836:Peasant unrest in Bulgaria
3315:Frederick I of Württemberg
1685:Confederation of the Rhine
1436:
1107:. In the 2015 documentary
785:War of the Third Coalition
736:War of the Fifth Coalition
597:War of the Fifth Coalition
358:War of the Fifth Coalition
29:War of the Fifth Coalition
3887:History of Tyrol (region)
3851:Peasant Revolt in Albania
3821:1809 Gottscheer rebellion
3811:
3694:
3578:
3493:
3475:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
3465:William, Prince of Orange
3328:
3275:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
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1982:
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1848:
1839:
1735:
1636:
1627:
1604:French Invasion of Russia
1570:
1474:Eyck, F. Gunther (1986).
1020:Fourth Battle of Bergisel
805:Prince-Bishopric of Trent
583:1809 Gottscheer rebellion
366:
310:
297:
206:
87:
51:
34:
26:
21:
3385:Archduke John of Austria
3380:Prince von Schwarzenberg
3225:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
1054:, the French viceroy of
997:Third Battle of Bergisel
980:Battle of Aspern-Essling
920:François Joseph Lefebvre
899:Tyrolean districts, 1808
885:Archduke John of Austria
773:Maximilian von Montgelas
223:François-Joseph Lefebvre
3907:19th-century rebellions
3320:Frederick VI of Denmark
3270:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2060:Greater Poland uprising
1883:Duc d'Enghien Execution
1246:Encyclopedia Britannica
957:Der Landsturm anno 1809
873:by their conduit Baron
3917:Wars involving Bavaria
3440:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1888:Coronation of Napoleon
1444:Mikaberidze, Alexander
1038:
975:
964:
900:
865:by the authorities at
751:In September 1805 the
679:
667:
259:Karl Philipp von Wrede
207:Commanders and leaders
3927:Wars involving Saxony
3922:Wars involving France
3727:Conference of Dresden
3636:Paris (February 1812)
3565:Swedish–Norwegian War
3390:Alexander I of Russia
1062:, Innsbruck in 1823.
1052:Eugène de Beauharnais
1044:St Martin in Passeier
1033:
970:
955:
898:
755:under Prince-elector
753:Electorate of Bavaria
714:programme concerning
680:Tiroler Volksaufstand
662:
601:Tyrolean Civil Revolt
311:Casualties and losses
247:Eugène de Beauharnais
3681:Fontainebleau (1814)
3235:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2156:Invasion of Portugal
1498:at Wikimedia Commons
1342:Sueddeutsche Zeitung
1260:"Helden & Hofer"
1152:"Tyrolean Rebellion"
1137:improve this article
1012:Jean-Baptiste Drouet
1008:Francis I of Austria
1004:Treaty of Schönbrunn
883:and close friend of
877:, an Innsbruck-born
801:Battle of Austerlitz
783:. At the end of the
757:Maximilian IV Joseph
235:Jean-Baptiste Drouet
3707:Bourbon Restoration
3450:Maria I of Portugal
3435:Prince of Hohenlohe
3425:Gebhard von Blücher
2368:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
1675:Swiss Confederation
1518:Tyrolean Rebellion
1084:Zu Mantua in Banden
732:First French Empire
665:Franz von Defregger
59:April–November 1809
3826:Galician slaughter
3816:Tyrolean Rebellion
3722:Continental System
3717:Congress of Erfurt
3641:Paris (March 1812)
3415:Peter Wittgenstein
3340:Duke of Wellington
3295:Prince Poniatowski
3260:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3245:Auguste de Marmont
2640:Arroyo dos Molinos
2488:Walcheren Campaign
2478:Armistice of Znaim
2373:Dalmatian Campaign
2298:Tyrolean Rebellion
1496:Tyrolean Rebellion
1075:Congress of Vienna
1071:Illyrian Provinces
1069:with Lienz to the
1039:
992:Armistice of Znaim
976:
965:
947:Battle of Bergisel
901:
845:programme against
789:Peace of Pressburg
672:Tyrolean Rebellion
668:
566:Tyrolean Rebellion
538:Walcheren campaign
527:Dalmatian campaign
182:civilian militia (
119:Kingdom of Bavaria
22:Tyrolean Rebellion
3892:Conflicts in 1809
3874:
3873:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3759:Types of military
3555:Russo-Turkish War
3550:Russo-Persian War
3518:Anglo-Turkish War
3513:Anglo-Swedish War
3508:Anglo-Spanish War
3503:Anglo-Russian War
3430:Duke of Brunswick
3333:political leaders
3213:political leaders
3197:
3196:
2202:Medina de Rioseco
1924:Haslach-Jungingen
1858:French Revolution
1835:
1834:
1618:Seventh Coalition
1531:
1530:
1521:Succeeded by
1494:Media related to
1459:978-0-19-995106-2
1213:
1212:
1205:
1187:
973:Kufstein Fortress
971:The Siege of the
961:Joseph Anton Koch
769:Napoleonic France
765:Holy Roman Empire
761:Habsburg monarchy
704:Joachim Haspinger
696:Josef Speckbacher
591:
590:
508:Austro-Polish War
415:Schwarze Lackenau
323:
322:
83:
82:
3944:
3856:Tambov Rebellion
3846:Kileler uprising
3798:
3791:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3535:Dano-Swedish War
3523:Anglo-Danish War
3375:Archduke Charles
3290:Jérôme Bonaparte
3206:
3205:
3139:Castel di Sangro
3048:Fère-Champenoise
2701:García Hernández
2615:Fuentes de Oñoro
2131:Guttstadt-Deppen
1868:Second Coalition
1846:
1845:
1827:French Royalists
1634:
1633:
1583:Fourth Coalition
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1505:Preceded by
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1229:Mikaberidze 2020
1226:
1208:
1201:
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1194:
1188:
1186:
1145:
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1113:
1002:However, in the
984:Battle of Wagram
718:ordered by King
653:
647:
640:
635:
630:
623:
622:
616:
609:
480:Italian campaign
361:
359:
349:
342:
335:
326:
325:
293:
284:
283:
282:
269:
268:
257:
256:
245:
244:
233:
232:
221:
220:
199:
198:
178:
177:
176:
165:
161:
159:
158:
150:
146:
144:
143:
135:
131:
129:
128:
117:
116:
108:
104:
102:
101:
53:
52:
39:
19:
18:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3897:1809 in Germany
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3866:Cazin rebellion
3807:
3802:
3772:
3763:
3690:
3574:
3495:
3489:
3445:Miguel de Álava
3410:Pyotr Bagration
3405:Count Bennigsen
3395:Mikhail Kutuzov
3360:Thomas Cochrane
3332:
3330:
3324:
3285:Louis Bonaparte
3212:
3210:
3209:French and ally
3193:
3077:
2993:Château-Thierry
2956:
2820:
2791:Maloyaroslavets
2649:
2563:
2517:
2308:Yevenes/Yébenes
2266:
2182:Rosily Squadron
2160:
2084:
2050:Waren-Nossentin
1978:
1909:Cape Finisterre
1892:
1863:First Coalition
1841:
1831:
1738:
1731:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1623:
1611:Sixth Coalition
1597:Fifth Coalition
1576:Third Coalition
1566:
1564:Napoleonic Wars
1561:
1522:
1517:
1515:Napoleonic Wars
1509:Battle of Valls
1506:
1486:
1470:
1468:Further reading
1460:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1353:
1349:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1308:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1264:Museum Passeier
1258:
1257:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1146:
1144:
1134:
1122:
1028:
907:operating from
855:
813:
777:Austrian Empire
767:, went over to
749:
744:
688:County of Tyrol
657:
656:
655:
654:
650:
648:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
624:
620:
617:
610:
602:
600:
592:
587:
542:
362:
357:
355:
353:
280:
278:
275:
263:
251:
239:
227:
215:
201:Austrian Empire
193:
192:
174:
172:
168:
156:
154:
141:
139:
126:
124:
111:
99:
97:
71:
46:Franz Defregger
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3861:Lesko uprising
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3754:Longwood House
3751:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
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3678:
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3643:
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3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
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3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3460:Count of Feira
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3355:Horatio Nelson
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3265:Marshal Victor
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:Arcis-sur-Aube
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2786:Venta del Pozo
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:Ciudad Rodrigo
2657:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2539:Ciudad Rodrigo
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2513:Alba de Tormes
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2413:Aspern-Essling
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
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2335:
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2325:
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2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
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2280:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2015:Jena–Auerstedt
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:Ottoman Empire
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1747:United Kingdom
1743:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Ottoman Empire
1714:
1712:Denmark–Norway
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:Polish Legions
1652:
1646:
1644:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1590:Peninsular War
1586:
1579:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1519:
1512:
1500:
1499:
1485:
1484:External links
1482:
1481:
1480:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1405:
1374:
1347:
1328:
1299:
1276:
1251:
1233:
1231:, p. 321.
1220:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1125:
1123:
1116:
1089:State of Tyrol
1027:
1024:
875:Joseph Hormayr
854:
851:
818:Wehrverfassung
812:
809:
748:
745:
743:
740:
698:, Peter Mayr,
649:
642:
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632:
625:
618:
611:
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426:Aspern-Essling
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203:
169:
167:
166:
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136:
121:
109:
93:
90:
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
79:French victory
77:
73:
72:
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3949:
3938:
3937:Andreas Hofer
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:1809 in Italy
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
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3849:
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3817:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3799:
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3785:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:Miscellaneous
3693:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
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3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Manuel Lapeña
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:Prince Eugène
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:André Masséna
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:Joachim Murat
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:Rocheserviere
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
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2888:
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2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:San Sebastián
2860:
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2853:
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2848:
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2835:
2833:
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2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
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2514:
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2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Sankt Michael
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:Teugen-Hausen
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
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1154: –
1153:
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1148:Find sources:
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1126:This article
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986:on 5-6 July,
985:
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935:Andreas Hofer
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432:Sankt Michael
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3815:
3742:Grande Armée
3702:Bibliography
3686:Paris (1815)
3646:Paris (1814)
3631:Paris (1810)
3611:Finckenstein
3586:Campo Formio
3345:Rowland Hill
3331:military and
3211:military and
3184:Rocquencourt
3053:Saint-Dizier
3023:Bar-sur-Aube
2978:Mincio River
2473:Schöngrabern
2297:
2252:2nd Zaragoza
2192:1st Zaragoza
2146:Stralsund II
1995:Campo Tenese
1969:Schöngrabern
1954:Cape Ortegal
1904:Diamond Rock
1782:Papal States
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1523:
1514:
1507:
1475:
1448:
1422:. Retrieved
1417:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1388:napoleon.org
1387:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1360:
1350:
1341:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1315:
1290:. Retrieved
1286:"Landlibell"
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1224:
1199:
1190:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1147:
1135:Please help
1130:verification
1127:
1108:
1105:Luis Trenker
1100:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1064:
1060:Court Church
1040:
1034:
1001:
977:
956:
943:Brenner Pass
930:
928:
902:
889:declared war
878:
856:
817:
814:
750:
720:Maximilian I
671:
669:
565:
546:Basque Roads
469:Schöngrabern
447:
425:
393:
386:
189:Supported by
188:
183:
171:
88:Belligerents
41:
27:Part of the
3570:War of 1812
3528:Gunboat War
3485:Louis XVIII
3240:Jean Lannes
3154:Quatre Bras
3144:San Germano
3094:Occhiobello
2983:Champaubert
2973:La Rothière
2897:San Marcial
2781:2nd Polotsk
2746:1st Polotsk
2731:Majadahonda
2671:Villagarcia
2600:Campo Maior
2388:Piave River
2313:Ciudad Real
2303:Villafranca
2172:Dos de Mayo
2121:Stralsund I
1873:18 Brumaire
1807:Netherlands
1705:Württemberg
990:signed the
926:on 13 May.
843:vaccination
781:Bogenhausen
742:Backgrounds
712:vaccination
556:Halberstadt
496:Piave River
420:Linz-Urfahr
271:Frederick I
163:Württemberg
3881:Categories
3831:Mahtra War
3712:Casualties
3626:Schönbrunn
3601:Artlenburg
3350:John Moore
3255:Michel Ney
3124:Scapezzano
3114:Cesenatico
3058:Montmartre
2988:Montmirail
2922:Wartenburg
2877:Großbeeren
2736:Gorodechno
2726:Klyastitsy
2706:Saltanovka
2595:Casal Novo
2468:Hollabrunn
2453:Korneuburg
2247:Somosierra
2151:Copenhagen
1974:Austerlitz
1964:Dürenstein
1700:Westphalia
1643:and allies
1424:4 November
1367:3 November
1321:3 November
1316:Welt Print
1292:3 November
1269:3 November
1216:References
1163:newspapers
1101:Der Rebell
995:after the
728:Napoleon I
464:Hollabrunn
454:Korneuburg
3676:Casalanza
3651:Tauroggen
3606:Pressburg
3591:Lunéville
3496:conflicts
3329:Coalition
3179:La Suffel
3129:Tolentino
3013:Montereau
2998:Vauchamps
2947:Bornhöved
2902:Dennewitz
2847:Tarragona
2796:Chashniki
2696:Salamanca
2620:Tarragona
2544:Barquilla
2498:Almonacid
2458:Stockerau
2428:Stralsund
2398:2nd Porto
2378:Ebelsberg
2348:Abensberg
2318:1st Porto
2278:Castellón
2262:Benavente
2227:Valmaseda
2141:Friedland
2136:Heilsberg
2106:Ostrołęka
2096:Mohrungen
2030:Magdeburg
1959:Amstetten
1944:Trafalgar
1929:Elchingen
1914:Wertingen
1812:Brunswick
1737:Coalition
963:, c. 1820
911:occupied
909:Carinthia
859:Innsbruck
797:Habsburgs
459:Stockerau
410:Ebelsberg
381:Abensberg
3747:Uniforms
3661:Chaumont
3579:Treaties
3280:Joseph I
3220:Napoleon
3164:Waterloo
3104:Casaglia
3068:Toulouse
2952:Sehested
2927:Bidassoa
2907:2nd Kulm
2892:1st Kulm
2882:Katzbach
2872:Sorauren
2867:Pyrenees
2832:Castalla
2816:Berezina
2806:Smoliani
2776:Tarutino
2761:Borodino
2751:Valutino
2741:Smolensk
2711:Ostrovno
2681:Maguilla
2645:Valencia
2635:Saguntum
2483:Talavera
2363:Ratisbon
2353:Landshut
2328:Bergisel
2323:Medellín
2237:Espinosa
2197:Valencia
2070:Czarnowo
2040:Pasewalk
2035:Prenzlau
2010:Saalfeld
1949:Caldiero
1919:Günzburg
1797:Sardinia
1772:Portugal
1446:(2020).
1398:10 April
1392:Archived
1193:May 2011
1050:, where
939:Sterzing
931:Schützen
847:smallpox
811:Policies
716:smallpox
700:Capuchin
684:peasants
634:Bergisel
629:125miles
571:Bergisel
520:Radzymin
491:Caldiero
405:Neumarkt
400:Ratisbon
387:Landshut
298:Strength
184:Schützen
180:Tyrolean
64:Location
3494:Related
3073:Bayonne
3038:Craonne
3008:Mormant
2968:Brienne
2942:Nivelle
2932:Leipzig
2887:Dresden
2857:Vitoria
2842:Bautzen
2811:Krasnoi
2756:Mesoten
2716:Vitebsk
2676:Almaraz
2666:Badajoz
2625:Albuera
2610:Almeida
2605:Sabugal
2590:Redinha
2580:Barrosa
2559:Bussaco
2554:Almeida
2534:Astorga
2503:Tamames
2463:Gefrees
2418:Alcañiz
2358:Eckmühl
2288:Corunna
2257:Sahagún
2222:Zornoza
2217:Vimeiro
2187:Cabezón
2111:Kolberg
2080:Pułtusk
2075:Golymin
2065:Hamelin
2045:Stettin
2005:Schleiz
1850:Prelude
1842:battles
1817:Hanover
1762:Prussia
1752:Austria
1690:Bavaria
1670:Etruria
1665:Holland
1637:France,
1630:gerents
1437:Sources
1361:welt.de
1177:scholar
917:Marshal
793:kingdom
730:of the
724:Bavaria
702:Father
690:led by
551:Gefrees
394:Eckmühl
3671:Mantua
3621:Cintra
3616:Tilsit
3596:Amiens
3134:Ancona
3119:Pesaro
3089:Panaro
3018:Orthez
3003:Garris
2917:Roßlau
2912:Göhrde
2852:Luckau
2837:Lützen
2801:Vyazma
2771:Burgos
2766:Moscow
2721:Kobryn
2630:Usagre
2585:Pombal
2575:Gebora
2448:Wagram
2408:Tarvis
2383:Girona
2343:Raszyn
2333:Sacile
2242:Tudela
2232:Burgos
2212:Roliça
2207:Bailén
2126:Mileto
2116:Danzig
2055:Lübeck
2020:Erfurt
1939:Verona
1822:Nassau
1802:Sweden
1792:Persia
1777:Sicily
1757:Russia
1739:forces
1722:Persia
1695:Saxony
1680:Naples
1650:France
1628:Belli-
1456:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1150:
1048:Mantua
1016:Ludwig
880:Hofrat
871:Vienna
834:feudal
826:Eisack
676:German
515:Raszyn
501:Tarvis
486:Sacile
448:Wagram
319:12,250
306:80,000
303:40,000
288:
160:
148:Saxony
145:
130:
106:France
103:
76:Result
3737:Films
3169:Wavre
3159:Ligny
3149:Gaeta
3109:Ronco
3099:Carpi
3063:Paris
3033:Reims
2937:Hanau
2529:Cádiz
2508:Ocaña
2493:Ölper
2438:María
2403:Wörgl
2393:Grijó
2293:Valls
2283:Uclés
2177:Bruch
2101:Eylau
2025:Halle
2000:Maida
1990:Gaeta
1840:Major
1767:Spain
1727:Spain
1660:Italy
1184:JSTOR
1170:books
1081:song
1056:Italy
924:Wörgl
922:near
913:Lienz
867:Axams
839:Spain
830:Etsch
708:Major
627:200km
576:Wörgl
561:Ölper
474:Znaim
316:5,000
133:Italy
69:Tyrol
3666:Kiel
3656:Ried
3202:Info
3189:Issy
3082:1815
3028:Laon
2961:1814
2825:1813
2691:Ekau
2654:1812
2568:1811
2522:1810
2443:Graz
2433:Raab
2271:1809
2165:1808
2089:1807
1983:1806
1897:1805
1454:ISBN
1426:2022
1418:IMDB
1400:2023
1369:2022
1323:2022
1294:2022
1271:2022
1156:news
828:and
670:The
442:Graz
437:Raab
56:Date
2686:Mir
2549:Côa
1934:Ulm
1139:by
1103:by
959:by
822:Inn
722:of
44:by
3883::
1416:.
1390:.
1386:.
1359:.
1340:.
1314:.
1302:^
1262:.
1244:.
824:,
738:.
706:,
678::
186:)
3797:e
3790:t
3783:v
1556:e
1549:t
1542:v
1462:.
1428:.
1402:.
1371:.
1344:.
1325:.
1296:.
1273:.
1206:)
1200:(
1195:)
1191:(
1181:·
1174:·
1167:·
1160:·
1133:.
1095:(
816:(
674:(
639:1
599::
348:e
341:t
334:v
191::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
