Type 45 destroyer - Knowledge

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that the "WR-21 gas turbines were designed in extreme hot weather conditions to what we call 'gracefully degrade' in their performance, until you get to the point where it goes beyond the temperature at which they would operate... we found that the resilience of the diesel generators and the WR-21 in the ship at the moment was not degrading gracefully; it was degrading catastrophically, so that is what we have had to address".

1869:, following a strategic refocusing on "small to medium-scale operations" and expeditionary land operations. It was reported in December 2006 that the last two could be cut. In July 2007, Ministry of Defence officials stated that they "still planned to build eight Type 45 destroyers" and that "the extra two ships were still included in planning assumptions". This plan was officially abandoned on 19 June 2008 when the 33: 1140:, making it significantly more efficient than previous marine gas turbines, especially at low and medium load. The combination of greater efficiency and high fuel capacity gives an endurance of 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) at 18 knots (33 km/h). High power density and the hydrodynamic efficiency of a longer hull form allow high speeds to be sustained. It has been reported that 1923:

In response to a written question in the House of Commons on 19 July 2021, Jeremy Quinn Minister of State, Ministry of Defence, detailed the status of the Type 45 destroyers as 4 undergoing refit in the UK, one being repaired abroad having been forced to detach from the CSG21 formation and one active

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support for anti-aircraft use has been withdrawn (RN ships will not have anti-aircraft gun capability until the Type 26 frigates, or Type 31 frigates, are in service). The in service Type 23 frigates have the Sea Ceptor missile system which can be used to shoot down drones and is cheaper than the Sea

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The Type 45 did not have a formal theatre ballistic missile defence (TBMD) capability, but its potential for such a role was being assessed. Land-based Aster 30 Block 1 missiles have intercepted short-range ballistic missiles, and trials of a land-based SAMPSON modified for BMD were planned for early

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Due to the greater capabilities of the Type 45 over predecessors, the high price per ship, and the public attention they have attracted, defence analysts and correspondents have referred to them as the "most advanced" or "most powerful" air-defence destroyers in the world. BAE Systems claim that "the

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claimed that the Type 45 destroyers are noisy ships that can be heard 100 nautical miles (190 km; 120 mi) away by submarines. Parry claimed that noise suppression in surface ships has been ignored since the end of the Cold War; the MoD responded to this claim by stating that as air defence

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conducted an enquiry into the procurement. Its main conclusions were that despite the destroyer being based on 80% new technology, there was a failure to take sufficient account of technical risk, over-optimism, and an inappropriate too-early fixed price project entered into before many elements had

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intercooler unit "has a major design flaw and causes the WR-21s to fail occasionally. When this happens, the electrical load on the diesel generators can become too great, and they 'trip out', leaving the ship with no source of power or propulsion. The First Sea Lord, Admiral Philip Jones, clarified

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In July 2016, it was reported that all six of the class were docked in Portsmouth. The Ministry of Defence said it was "unusual but not unprecedented" and that "All Type 45 destroyers are currently in port as they have either just returned from operations or are about to be deployed, are conducting

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multi-function radar and the S1850M long-range radar. PAAMS can track over 2,000 targets and simultaneously control and coordinate multiple missiles in the air at once, allowing a large number of tracks to be intercepted and destroyed at any given time. This makes it particularly difficult to swamp

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to remove the two current diesel generators and install three larger diesel generators at the latter's shipyard in Birkenhead. Replacement or rectification of the WR-21s was not a practical option. With the new diesel generators, the Type 45 needs to rely on the WR-21s only for higher-speed running

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surface-to-air missiles. These were reported as likely to be in lieu of Aster 15 missiles, permitting the 48 Sylver A50 launch cells to be entirely devoted to carrying Aster 30. It was also announced that Eurosam will provide a refresh of the Aster 30 missile systems that are currently in use. All

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helicopter and Britain acquiring Aster Block 1NT missiles capable of intercepting medium-range ballistic missiles of 1,000–1,500 km (620–930 mi) range. A block 2 version of the Aster 30 NT capable of intercepting 3,000 km (1,900 mi) range missiles is under development by France

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reported that a Type 45 destroyer had been recalled to Britain with propeller problems, leaving the Royal Navy's traditional "east of Suez" deployment without proper warship cover. It was stated that "HMS Diamond is on her way back to the UK after a propeller problem proved too much for the ship's

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In January 2024 John Healey, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence, submitted a written question: “To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what the current status is of each of the Royal Navy’s Type 45 destroyers”. James Cartlidge, Minister of State for the Ministry of Defence, responded: “HMS

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been specified. This resulted in a difficult commercial relationship until a contract renegotiation in 2007. It noted that the MoD believed six ships would still enable it to meet the operational requirement of having five ships at sea, with only a small risk of failing to meet that requirement.

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section) and Block D (the bridge section itself). BAE's Portsmouth shipyard was responsible for Blocks E/F (bridge to the bow), funnels, and masts. For ships two to six, blocks A–D were assembled in the Ships Block and Outfit Hall of the Govan shipyard and taken fully outfitted to the Scotstoun

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Six ships were ordered, and transfer of custody of the first happened on 10 December 2008. The MoD's initial planning assumption was to procure twelve ships on a like-for-like replacement of a similar number of Type 42s, with the size of the second batch to be determined between 2005 and 2010.

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describes Aster as a "hit-to-kill" anti-missile missile capable of intercepting all types of high-performance air threats at a maximum range of 120 km. The Aster missile is autonomously guided and equipped with an active RF seeker enabling it to cope with "saturated attacks" thanks to a

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For the first-of-class, Block A was assembled at Govan and moved to Scotstoun, where it was mated to Block B/C, which was already fitted with the WR-21 turbines and machinery. Block D, also assembled at Scotstoun, was fitted to these three blocks. The bow sections (E/F) were mated at

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that options for the seventh and eighth destroyers would not be taken up. The continual scaling back of the project, first from twelve to eight, and subsequently to six ships, has been criticised for leaving the Royal Navy with insufficient ships to meet its requirements.

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The Type 45 project has been criticised for rising costs and delays, with the six ships costing £6.46 billion, an increase of £1.5 billion (29%) on the original budget. The first ship entered service in 2010, rather than 2007 as initially planned. In 2007, the

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by Eurodefence Systems Ltd and Graw Radiosondes (Germany) joint venture, as well as a comprehensive weather satellite receiving system and a bathymetric system. These sensors provide each vessel with full environmental awareness for tasks such as radar propagation,

4444: 750:, stated that it would be the Royal Navy's most capable destroyer ever, as well as the world's best air-defence ship. The reduction in the number to be procured from twelve, then to (up to) eight, finally with only six confirmed (in 2008) was controversial. 1467:, would take part in ballistic defence trials with the US Missile Defence Agency (MDA) as part of a major research and development programme. In March 2016, Britain and France announced a joint procurement programme with the intention of France acquiring 6610: 2782: 1598:

from 2021 and the 'Future Air-to-Surface Guided Weapon (Heavy)' missile from 2026. The Wildcat relies on the ship's sensors in attacking submarine targets since, in RN service as of 2019, it lacks dipping sonar or sonobuoys of its own.

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surrogate targets. BAE Systems reportedly told Jane's that the SAMPSON multi-function radar "exceeded expectations in all respects". An "Experiment Concurrency and Cueing (TECC)" event for the Type 45 was planned for late 2015.

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By the end of 2010, all six Type 45 destroyers had been launched, with the first two in commission and the remainder fitting out. By 2012, all destroyers were structurally complete and the production lines, had been closed.

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The MoD intends to make a decision on the size of the next batch of Type-45s in the second half of the decade. Until the main investment decision on the next batch is made, the size of that batch will remain a planning

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While the Ministry of Defence does not release detailed information related to the number of problems experienced by the class, including total engine failure, several such occasions have been reported in the media.

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Six hulls were originally ordered, with a planning assumption that a further six would be ordered between 2005 and 2010. This planning assumption was later reduced to a further two. In the 2008 defence budget, the

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A 48-cell A50 Sylver Vertical Launching System for a mix of up to 48 shorter-ranged Aster 15 missiles (1.7–30 km (1.1–18.6 mi)) and Aster 30 Block 0 missiles covering 3–120 km (1.9–74.6 mi).

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and which according to American sources was likely targeting a US container ship. It was the first time since the Gulf War of 1991 that the Royal Navy had intercepted any kind of missile in combat, when

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had shot down seven drones in the Red Sea using a combination of her missiles and guns on 9 January as part of a force that brought down "21 drones and missiles" that night. According to Alex Walters of

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have all received this upgrade. However, Harpoon SSMs are to be withdrawn from the Type 45s by 2023. As of 2022, it was reported that Harpoon SSMs were no longer deployed on the destroyer. However, HMS

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Diamond, HMS Duncan and HMS Dauntless are all currently available for operations. HMS Daring, HMS Dragon and HMS Defender are all currently at various stages of the Power Improvement Project (PIP).”

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In December 2020, the Minister for Defence Procurement, Jeremy Quin, indicated that under plans at that time, the Type 45 destroyers would be decommissioned between 2035 and 2038. In January 2024,

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air-defence system consists of the SAMPSON active electronically scanned array multi-function air tracking radar, which is capable of tracking hundreds of targets (range 400 km, 250 mi).

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PAAMS during a saturation attack, even if the attacking elements are supersonic. The US Naval War College has suggested that the SAMPSON radar is capable of tracking 1,000 objects the size of a

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panels, producing a "clean" superstructure. The mast is also sparingly equipped externally. Speculation by the press suggests that this design gives the ship the radar cross-section of a small

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reported that, during an "intensive attack", a single Type 45 could simultaneously track, engage and destroy more targets than five Type 42 destroyers operating together. After the launch of

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programme; however, differing national requirements, workshare arguments and delays led to the UK withdrawing on 26 April 1999 and starting its own national project. On 23 November 1999,

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programme (known then as the FSC) was brought forward at the expense of ships 7 and 8, resulting in the final order being left at six, with options for further ships not being taken up.

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at a high quality of voltage and frequency. This is achieved by computerised control, high-quality transformation, and electrical filtering. Two Rolls-Royce WR-21 gas turbines drive GE

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Ability to distribute prime mover power between services and propulsion can accommodate future increases in service and weapon loads with minimal impact on ship speed or prime movers.

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In January 2016, the Ministry of Defence acknowledged that the propulsion system was (prior to upgrade) unreliable, with the BBC reporting that "total electric failures are common".

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Six of these highly advanced and capable ships have been ordered, but following the 2008 planning round we no longer intend to place orders for any further Type 45 destroyers.

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The Type 45 is constructed in modules, so the keel is not "laid down" as in the past. The ceremonial start of the ships' construction is "cutting the first sheet" of steel.

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reported that Saudi Arabia was considering buying "two or three" Type 45s. On 7 September 2007, it was reported that Saudi Arabian officials had been invited to observe

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The key to the efficient use of a single prime mover is the choice of a gas turbine that provides efficiency over a large load range; the WR-21 gas turbine incorporates

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Viper (Aster) missile system. It will be several years until the Type 45 destroyers are fitted with the Sea Ceptor upgrade. On 10 January 2024, it was reported that

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reached her design speed of 29 knots (54 km/h) in 70 seconds and achieved a speed of 31.5 knots (58 km/h) in 120 seconds during sea trials in August 2007.

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arrived at Cammell Laird on 6 May 2020 to become the first ship to start the PIP upgrade. Completion of the upgrade of all six ships is planned by the mid-2020s.

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class is notable for being the first Royal Navy vessels to include gender-neutral living spaces to accommodate male and female crew members; communal shower and

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The Type 45 has a bow-mounted medium-frequency Ultra/EDO MFS-7000 sonar but has no shipboard anti-submarine weapons. The class relies on its helicopter(s) for

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and towed to the Scotstoun Dry Dock, where the masts and funnels were fitted (the masts were partially outfitted with equipment. For example, the mast for the

4908: 2203:, the Minister of State for Defence Procurement, responded to a written question, saying that the last destroyer will retire from service by the end of 2038. 2505: 1512:

naval gun. As of November 2011, the Mk 8 Mod 1 is scheduled to remain in service until the 2030s, with a Mod 2 upgrade along the way to address obsolescence.

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On 21 March 2018, the MoD announced the award of the £160 million "Power Improvement Project" (PIP) contract to BAE Systems, BMT Defence Services, and

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they replaced (displacement 5,200 tonnes, 5,100 long tons, 5,700 short tons). The Type 45 destroyers are the first British warships built to meet the

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This modular construction arrangement was agreed upon in February 2002. However, when the original contract for three ships was signed in July 2000,

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saying, "It's certainly one of the most advanced air defence ships in the world... The US Aegis system is similar, but Sea Viper is more advanced."

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24 × surface-to-air missiles that will replace the Aster 15 missiles to allow all 48 × Sylver vertical launching systems to be used for Aster 30.]

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Ministry of Defence Annual Report and Accounts Volume I including the Annual Performance Report and Consolidated Departmental Resource Accounts

813:(BAe) since January, was confirmed as the prime contractor for the Type 45 project. Seven days later, MES and BAe completed the merger forming 5196: 4086: 6046: 5954: 5699: 4315: 3349: 801:

project; the project collapsed due to varying requirements of the different countries involved. The UK then joined France and Italy in the

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Sinclair, Keith (24 November 1999). "Jobs boost for shipyard; Yarrow confirmed as main contractor for MoD's Type 45 destroyer programme".

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travelling at three times the speed of sound (Mach 3), emphasising the system's capabilities against high-performance stealth targets.

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Noise suppression has been probably the biggest dirty secret since the end of the Cold War that people have been cheerfully ignoring."

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Flexibility in running propulsion and ship services from any combination of prime movers, reducing engine running hours and emissions.

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used a single Sea Viper (Aster) missile to shoot down a ballistic missile which had been launched from Houthi-controlled areas of

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High quality indicates that the frequency and voltage are stable, with an absence of spikes, even under changes in power demand.

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In July 2021, it was announced that the destroyers' anti-air armament will be enhanced with the addition of a 24-cell silo for

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Type 45 Destroyer is recognised as the most advanced anti-air warfare vessel in the world." Nick Brown, the editor-in-chief of

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was reportedly fit with Harpoon as of March 2023. In November 2022, it was announced that the Royal Navy will receive the

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to be fitted with radar equipment). Once this was complete, the remaining equipment was fitted: radar arrays, bow-mounted

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Daring is currently undergoing a mini overhaul which among other upgrades will see her fitted with Phalanx automated guns

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from the high voltage supply at 440 V and 115 V. The benefits of integrated electric propulsion are cited as:

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Agerholm, Harriet (5 January 2017). "British warships are 'so noisy' Russian submarines can hear them 100 miles away".

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Fully Integrated Communications System (FICS45): a combined external and internal communications system supplied by

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In May 2022, the Ministry of Defence announced that the Royal Navy's Type 45 destroyers would be upgraded with a

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missiles was delayed due to a manufacturing fault with a single batch of missiles identified during testing.

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demonstrated the ability to " at the earliest opportunity, with tracks maintained through to intercept" two

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Ability to arrange machinery in more convenient locations away from the shaft line, reducing space lost to

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Placing the electric motors closer to the propeller, shortening the shaft line and removing the need for a

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system. Integrated electric propulsion seeks to supply all propulsion and the ship's electrical load using

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gas turbines, power availability was diminished considerably when functioning in the warm climate of the

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to Scotstoun. These were the final blocks to be attached. At this point, the hull was launched into the

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The Type 45 destroyer is equipped with the Sea Viper (PAAMS) air-defence system utilising the SAMPSON

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from partially prefabricated "blocks" built at different shipyards; the remaining three were built by

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each of two faces of multi-function air tracking radar makes a full 360° rotation every four seconds.

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speeds. The Royal Navy describes the destroyers' mission as "to shield the Fleet from air attack".

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12V200 diesel generators, provide electrical power at 4,160 volts to a GE high voltage system. The

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as part of a £40m contract with Thales UK that will see UAT Mod 2.1 fitted to the other Type 45s.

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AN/SSQ-130 Ship Signal Exploitation Equipment (SSEE) Increment F cryptologic exploitation system

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long-range air surveillance radar, capable of tracking up to 1,000 targets (range 400 km).

1413: 1312: 1304: 1214: 964: 449: 443: 6094: 5781:"HMS Diamond makes first Sea Viper anti-ballistic missile kill in action in the Gulf of Aden" 4587: 2835:"HMS Defender destroys drone in exercise which paves the way for future of air defence at sea" 2168:, has been used for several ships, including the D-class flotilla leader, and also one of the 6231: 5646: 4257: 3782: 2650:"Royal Navy's Sea Venom light anti-ship missile full operating capability delayed until 2026" 2262: 2228: 1643: 1220: 1039:. Men and women will continue to sleep in separate spaces, in common with most other navies. 950: 802: 788: 682: 42: 6164: 5566: 1828: 7319: 7178: 7126: 7119: 6971: 6936: 6929: 6814: 6733: 5596: 5410: 4095: 3743: 3632: 2994: 2729: 1803: 1712:: The Metoc system by BAE Systems comprises the Upper Air Sounding System using launchable 1629: 1567: 1562:

The flight deck of the Type 45 is large enough to accommodate aircraft up to the size of a

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Scott, Richard (December 2011). "UK set to test experimental Sampson modified for BMD".

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Aquilina, Pauline J.; Michell, Simon, eds. (24 April 2013). "Royal Navy Fleet Guide".

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Airborne Systems's Naval Decoy IDS300 floating naval decoy system (corner reflectors).

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class are the largest escorts ever built for the Royal Navy in terms of displacement.

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and always with graceful degradation to cruising without catastrophic loss of power.

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In 2012, the UAT Mod 2.0 digital Radar Electronic Surveillance system was fitted to

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Nicoll, Alexander (27 April 1999). "National differences scupper frigate project".

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class to provide ballistic missile defence in Europe along with United States Navy

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Ministry of Defence and Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (6 March 2013).

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A core component of PAAMS is the Aster missile, comprising Aster 15 and Aster 30.

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The Type 45 destroyers are 152.4 m (500 ft 0 in) in length, with a

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training or carrying out maintenance or are home for crew to take summer leave."

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In support of protecting merchant ships transiting the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden,

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to the Royal Navy. Deck equipment and life rafts are concealed behind the ship's

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ships, noise suppression was not a "premium requirement" for the Type 45 class.

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anti-ship missiles. From 2015, the Lynx has been replaced in RN service by the

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Advanced Induction Motors and VDM25000 Drives, 20 MW (27,000 shp) each

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shot down a suspected attack drone targeting commercial shipping with a single

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of 7.4 m (24 ft 3 in) and a displacement of approximately 7,350

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was to build the first and third ships, and VT Group was to build the second.

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The Type 45 destroyers take advantage of Horizon development work and use the

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with outputs of 20 MW (27,000 hp) each. Ship's services, including

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The Rolls Royce WR-21 gas turbine itself is of a sound design, however, the

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on 26 September 2013 and entered service in 2014 after trials and training.

4224: 3814:"MBDA completes four successful ASTER missile firings in less than a month" 3314: 1709: 1687: 1539: 1523: 1395: 1266: 1232: 1070: 1032: 1013: 985: 765: 520: 7485: 7163: 4316:"Royal Navy Type 45 destroyer towed back to port two days after it sails" 1860: 1705: 1506: 1086: 909: 873: 814: 757: 295: 279: 220: 5807: 5704: 5611: 4286:"£1bn HMS Dauntless abandons training exercise after technical trouble" 4122: 3787: 2964:"Contenders for the Royal Navy's interim anti-ship missile requirement" 1787: 1773: 1765: 1718: 1713: 1485: 1239: 1082: 1062: 893: 858: 678: 666: 461: 85: 6345:"The fleet welcomes HMS Duncan, the sixth and final Type 45 Destroyer" 5467:"United Kingdom's Royal Navy Selects Kongsberg's Naval Strike Missile" 5380:"Can the UK supply anti-ship missiles to Ukraine? | Navy Lookout" 1931:

The entire class is based at HMNB Portsmouth. All ships were built by

1847: 1642:

The 4.5-inch Mark 8 Mod 1 naval gun can be used against ships and for

1632:(NSM) to replace Harpoon, which will be fitted to Type 45 destroyers. 6837: 6706: 6491: 5046: 4191: 3683: 2597: 2303:

destroyers were some 6 metres (20 ft) longer, and the 6,300-ton

1575: 1463:

2012. The Ministry of Defence announced in 2013 that the first ship,

1420: 1359: 925: 866: 865:

yard built Block A (stern to the edge of the helicopter hangar). The

838: 775:, the first of which is expected to enter service in the late 2030s. 1035:

are far more flexible in accommodating a mixture of male and female

884: 719:, was launched on 1 February 2006 and commissioned on 23 July 2009. 5812: 5732: 5350:"Babcock To Continue Harpoon In-Service Support For The Royal Navy" 5319:"Daring's Lynx fliers singled out for Philippines disaster mission" 5227:"Request for Information under the Freedom of Information Act 2000" 5144:"Dauntless makes history training future front-line Naval aviators" 4347:"Royal Navy destroyer leaves Middle East due to propeller problems" 2753: 1777: 1738: 1737:

The Type 45 destroyers are designed with the ability to operate as

1587: 993: 850: 771:

Under current plans, the Type 45 destroyer will be replaced by the

526: 224: 1303:

In addition to its anti-air warfare role, PAAMS offers additional

6905: 6410: 5624: 5559:"Naval Decoy IDS300, Ship Deployed Floating Naval Countermeasure" 5422: 5012:"The all-rounder – the 30mm Automated Small Calibre Gun in focus" 4614:"U.K. Royal Navy Wants to Bullseye Rogue Missiles with U.S. Help" 3203:. Ministry of Defence. September 2012. p. 18. Archived from 3143:"The all-rounder – the 30mm Automated Small Calibre Gun in focus" 3006: 2566:"HMS Daring leaves Sydney after spectacular week of celebrations" 1656: 1369: 1206: 1036: 1027:

facilities have given way to individual cubicles, and six-person

854: 842: 690: 397: 318: 5497:"Royal Navy ships to be fitted with advanced new missile system" 4407:"Final cure for Type 45 destroyer propulsion problems announced" 3552:"Final cure for Type 45 destroyer propulsion problems announced" 3452:

25 June 2008, p.6 reproduced from an interview in February 2006.

3115:"Royal Navy ships to be fitted with advanced new missile system" 1292:"multiple engagement capability" and a "high rate of fire". The 700:

long-range radars. The first three destroyers were assembled by

3119: 1550: 1448: 1384: 1210: 913: 798: 784: 697: 681:

in the early 21st century. The class is primarily designed for

640: 324: 32: 6285:"HMS Dauntless looks to future after successful engine trials" 5862:"Half of Royal Navy's ships in mothballs as defence cuts bite" 5115:"In focus: the 50 cal heavy machine gun in Royal Navy service" 3522:"Oral evidence: Naval Procurement: Type 26 and Type 45 HC 221" 3337:"Providing Anti Air Warfare Capability: the Type 45 destroyer" 3169:"In focus: the 50 cal heavy machine gun in Royal Navy service" 1854:, the last ship of the class, departing for sea trials in 2012 869:

yard built Blocks B/C (a 2600-tonne section that contains the

245:

4000 series diesel generators, 3 MW (4,000 shp) each

238:

12V200 diesel generators, 2 MW (2,700 shp) each, or:

3247:"Royal Navy to equip 19 ships with trainable decoy launchers" 2488: 2486: 2361:(Report). UK Parliament. 1 June 2009. pp. 5–13. HC 372. 1859:

However, this was reduced to eight ships in the 2003 defence

1798: 1663:

of radar-guided weapons through active and passive means. An

1579: 1441: 1202: 989: 921: 905: 881:

berth. The masts and funnels were also fitted before launch.

862: 686: 429: 4196: 2560: 2558: 1866:

Delivering Security in a Changing World: Future Capabilities

1790:, the 4.5-inch Mark 8 can be used as an air defence weapon. 6135:"Royal Navy's final Type 45 destroyer enters service early" 5437:"Norwegian Naval Strike Missiles to the British Royal Navy" 5224: 4253:"Secret repairs for HMS Daring after she suffers breakdown" 4220:"Unarmed Royal Navy T45 destroyer breaks down mid-Atlantic" 1673: 1311:

reported that the Royal Navy, along with the United States

1300:, allowing for a mix of up to 48 Aster 15 and 30 missiles. 1288: 408: 337: 5673:"Guns, missiles and drones - naval actions in the Red Sea" 4123:"Type 45 destroyers: UK's £1bn warships face engine refit" 3778:"Royal Navy destroyers at sea with faulty weapons systems" 2483: 949:, the last of the Type 45 destroyers, was commissioned at 753:

In 2016, it was revealed that due to a design flaw on the

734:, with the last Type 42 being decommissioned in 2013. The 124: 116: 2555: 797:

in collaboration with seven other NATO nations under the

182:

7,350 to 8,500 tonnes (8,400 long tons; 9,400 short tons)

6247: 4997: 4156:"Putting the Type 45 propulsion problems in perspective" 3489:"Putting the Type 45 propulsion problems in perspective" 861:

shipyard were responsible for different "blocks". BAE's

793:

The UK had sought to procure a new class of air-defence

1760:

missile on the night of 15 December 2023. According to

1602: 1489:

six ships are likely to be upgraded from 2026 to 2032.

4875:"MBDA: France, UK Agree on 'Cross-Procurement' Policy" 4845:"Royal Navy destroyer to join ballistic defence trial" 4769:"Royal Navy destroyer to join ballistic defence trial" 4676:"World's most advanced destroyer handed to Royal Navy" 4636: 3464:"Fix to UK Destroyer Power Plant Problem Some Way Off" 3376:"Countess of Wessex Launches Royal Navy's New Warship" 3223:"UK to buy Shaman CESM for Seaseeker SIGINT programme" 2133:

class carry the same names as members of the previous

1053:

The Type 45 is fitted with an advanced and innovative

452:

missiles (range 3–120 km), to be upgraded with a

364:

Series 2500 Electro-Optical Gun Control System (EOGCS)

5589:"Type 45 FICS Fully Integrated Communications System" 3063:"Snapshot: The Royal Navy escort fleet in April 2024" 2861:"Snapshot: The Royal Navy escort fleet in April 2024" 1611:

launchers recycled from the last four decommissioned

487:, originally fit (retired 2023); being replaced with 6671: 4645:"UK extends Sampson radar experimental BMD research" 3875:"Type 45 ("D" Class) Destroyer Daring Class: Part 2" 3194:"Fleet to get the latest in electronic surveillance" 1085:

and weapons system power supplies, are supplied via

6038: 5986:"BAE poised to clinch £20bn Saudi Eurofighter deal" 2617:

joins US Carrier on strike operations against ISIL"

2527: 2525: 2523: 2451:(Report). HM Government. 21 July 2008. p. 98. 1680: 5924:"Government admits destroyers will never be built" 3021:"Can the UK supply anti-ship missiles to Ukraine?" 1360:Weapons, countermeasures, capabilities and sensors 1296:-class destroyers are equipped with a 48-cell A50 1219:The Type 45 destroyers are primarily designed for 829:(MoD) and BAE had failed to control rising costs. 6481:"Type 45 Daring class Anti-Air Warfare Destroyer" 3436: 3434: 3403: 3401: 3303:"UK Royal Navy Commissions Type 45 Destroyer HMS 1574:helicopters. The Merlin HM2 has a dipping sonar, 1325:Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site 996:). This makes them significantly larger than the 722:The Type 45 destroyers were built to replace the 685:and anti-missile warfare and is built around the 7505: 4901:"£500m firepower upgrade for Type 45 destroyers" 4496: 4494: 4492: 3188: 3186: 2887:"£500m firepower upgrade for Type 45 destroyers" 2520: 1517:30 mm Small Calibre Guns on single DS-30B mounts 7476: 7018: 6315:"Royal Navy's newest destroyer joins the fleet" 5281: 4465: 2708: 2395:Major Procurement Projects: Government Response 1566:helicopter. It has hangar space for either one 817:(BAE), making the latter the prime contractor. 5220: 5218: 5175:"France OKs Joint Missile Development with UK" 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3431: 3398: 3036:"UK confirms cancellation of I-SSGW programme" 1730:The Type 45 has sufficient space to embark 60 1544:0.5 inch (12.7 mm) Browning heavy machine guns 6626: 6507: 5225:DE&S Policy Secretariat (7 August 2013). 5138: 5136: 4979: 4571: 4569: 4489: 4474:, vol. 801, UK Parliament, column 1039, 4187:"5,000 Faults Recorded on Type 45 Destroyers" 3183: 876:, starting with the helicopter hangar to the 321:multi-function air tracking radar (Type 1045) 5289:"HMS Diamond crew back on board after refit" 4500: 3679:"Taxpayers face £500m bill for BAE projects" 3526:UK House of Commons Defence Select Committee 3089:"Royal Navy to buy the Naval Strike Missile" 2702: 1607:Four of the six Type 45 destroyers received 1168:broke down in November 2010 and April 2012, 5827: 5404: 5215: 5074: 5072: 3975: 2988: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2176:in the 1950s. The remaining Type 45 names, 1582:; the Merlin can carry four anti-submarine 294:(13,000 km; 8,000 mi) at 18 6633: 6619: 6514: 6500: 5610: 5133: 4566: 4501:Lombardi, Ben; Rudd, David (Summer 2013). 3990:"Type 45 – The Anti-Air Warfare Destroyer" 2359:House of Commons Public Accounts Committee 1725: 596:multirole air-surface missiles (from 2021) 576:anti-ship missiles (projected from 2026), 5983: 5347: 5034: 4084: 4078: 3676: 2436: 2434: 1223:, able to defend against targets such as 1115:, and reducing exposure to action damage. 984:of 21.2 m (69 ft 7 in), a 975: 689:(Sea Viper) air-defence system using the 19:For other ship classes named Daring, see 6075: 5955:"UK seeks £2bn Saudi destroyer contract" 5952: 5859: 5755:"HMS Diamond shoots down Houthi missile" 5259:"HMS Duncan sails for maiden deployment" 5069: 4535: 4344: 3636:. Scottish Media Newspapers. p. 13. 3629: 2644: 2642: 2391:"Appendix – Warship Building Strategies" 2385: 2383: 2339: 1846: 1827: 1419: 1401: 1398:gun mount can be seen in the foreground. 1378: 1363: 1271: 1244: 1091: 883: 6375:"HMS Duncan back in action after refit" 6121:"Status of the Type 45 Destroyer fleet" 5697: 4673: 4611: 4024: 4018: 3916: 3872: 3516: 3514: 1667:device is planned for future retrofits. 1196: 1122:, and improving access for maintenance. 1042: 531:Browning .50 caliber heavy machine guns 332:Integrated Bridge and Navigation System 7506: 6913: 6521: 6044: 5860:Harrison, Michael (31 December 2006). 5805: 5725: 5269:from the original on 19 September 2020 5112: 4283: 4250: 4184: 3748:'christened' at Portsmouth Naval Base" 3709: 3612: 3481: 3461: 3373: 2431: 2352:Ministry of Defence: Type 45 Destroyer 1744: 370:SML Technologies radar tracking system 327:3-D air surveillance radar (Type 1046) 6614: 6602:List of destroyers of the Royal Navy 6495: 6440:"Type 45 Destroyers: Decommissioning" 6406:"Type 45 Destroyers: Decommissioning" 6157: 5984:Robertson, David (7 September 2007). 5893:"Go-ahead for £4bn aircraft carriers" 5890: 5653:from the original on 16 December 2023 5507:from the original on 23 November 2022 5477:from the original on 23 November 2022 5447:from the original on 23 November 2022 5441:regjeringen.no (Norwegian Government) 5348:Vavasseur, Xavier (11 January 2021). 4985: 4827: 4642: 4417:from the original on 25 February 2021 4345:Corfield, Gareth (23 November 2017). 4150: 4148: 4066:from the original on 10 February 2023 4027:"Integrated Full Electric Propulsion" 3905:Royal Institution of Naval Architects 3499:from the original on 12 November 2020 3374:Nicoll, Alexander (1 February 2006). 3295: 3220: 3214: 3033: 2939:"First NSM fit on RN Type 23 frigate" 2936: 2639: 2380: 1823: 1387:long-range air surveillance radar on 1315:, would explore the potential of the 6649:Commissioned ships of the Royal Navy 6403: 6385:from the original on 11 January 2022 6295:from the original on 14 October 2022 5921: 5329:from the original on 1 December 2016 5172: 4734: 4674:Harding, Thomas (10 December 2008). 4605: 4217: 3712:"MPs accuse MoD of £2.6bn overspend" 3677:Robertson, David (29 January 2008). 3562:from the original on 4 December 2022 3511: 3409:"Six of the best but scrap the rest" 3355:from the original on 12 October 2022 2576:from the original on 16 October 2013 2158:. These names had been used for the 1603:Anti-ship, submarine and land-attack 1494:ballistic missile defence capability 1176:in November 2016. In November 2017, 454:ballistic missile defence capability 5726:Haynes, Deborah (10 January 2024). 5628:. House of Commons. col. 511W. 5299:from the original on 23 August 2017 4986:Scott, Richard (30 November 2011). 4953: 4830:Jane's International Defence Review 4541: 4466:Baroness Goldie (21 January 2020), 4232:from the original on 10 August 2017 4091:is mean, green and built for speed" 3587:. Ministry of Defence. March 2021. 3329: 3034:Scott, Richard (16 February 2022). 2937:Scott, Richard (19 December 2023). 2601:. Royal Navy. July 2012. p. 8. 1676:(SSTD) active torpedo decoy system. 1674:Surface Ship Torpedo Defence System 1435: 1350:Jane's International Defence Review 1262:active electronically scanned array 702:BAE Systems Surface Fleet Solutions 694:Active electronically scanned array 464:silos to be fitted starting on HMS 13: 6355:from the original on 29 March 2014 6325:from the original on 24 March 2013 6195:"HMS Dauntless set for Tyne visit" 6165:"First port of call for destroyer" 5953:Harrison, Michael (9 March 2007). 5386:from the original on 10 April 2022 5203:from the original on 26 March 2023 5154:from the original on 10 April 2014 5113:Dwulet, Christopher (5 May 2023). 5022:from the original on 21 April 2022 4923: 4805:. 25 November 2010. Archived from 4145: 4085:MacDermid, Alan (15 August 2007). 3917:Harding, Thomas (15 August 2007). 3710:Wilson, Graeme (9 December 2007). 3594:from the original on 22 March 2021 2399:House of Commons Defence Committee 2307:was 2 metres (6.6 ft) longer. 2196:of 1918, which served until 1945. 1768:. In the same theatre of war, the 1649: 970: 847:BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships 825:expressed disappointment that the 706:BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships 198:21.2 m (69 ft 7 in) 127:650 million per ship excl. R&D 68:BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships 14: 7545: 6461: 6101:from the original on 25 July 2021 6057:from the original on 27 June 2021 6045:Hughes, Laura (5 February 2017). 6026:from the original on 27 June 2021 5996:from the original on 12 June 2011 5903:from the original on 25 July 2008 5698:Walters, Alex (10 January 2024). 5239:from the original on 27 June 2021 4855:from the original on 27 June 2021 4779:from the original on 27 June 2021 4749:from the original on 30 June 2021 4686:from the original on 27 June 2021 4624:from the original on 30 June 2021 4387:from the original on 27 June 2021 4326:from the original on 27 June 2021 4296:from the original on 27 June 2021 4265:from the original on 29 June 2019 4251:Powell, Michael (18 April 2012). 4185:Inglis, Will (10 February 2016). 4166:from the original on 7 March 2021 4133:from the original on 27 June 2021 3933:from the original on 27 June 2021 3854:from the original on 29 June 2020 3824:from the original on 28 June 2021 3790:. 7 December 2009. Archived from 3758:from the original on 26 June 2021 3724:from the original on 26 June 2021 3648:"Air Defence Destroyer (Type 45)" 2789:. 28 October 2010. Archived from 2660:from the original on 22 June 2023 2627:from the original on 10 July 2015 2543:from the original on 29 June 2020 2508:from the original on 8 March 2021 2368:from the original on 26 June 2021 1594:, whose weapons will include the 1551:L7A2 General Purpose Machine Guns 1307:capabilities. In March 2013, the 1073:supply is then used to power two 916:radar is sent from Portsmouth to 306:191 (accommodation for up to 285) 206:7.4 m (24 ft 3 in) 7490:(flagship of the First Sea Lord) 6652: 6642: 6432: 6404:Quin, Jeremy (3 December 2020). 6397: 6367: 6337: 6307: 6277: 6219: 6187: 6175:from the original on 25 May 2009 6127: 6113: 6087: 6069: 6008: 5977: 5946: 5915: 5884: 5853: 5806:Culley, Jeremy (26 April 2024). 5799: 5773: 5747: 5719: 5691: 5665: 5639: 5616:Minister for Defence Procurement 5604: 5581: 5551: 5519: 5489: 5459: 5429: 5398: 5372: 5341: 5311: 5251: 5054:from the original on 19 May 2023 4967:from the original on 24 May 2022 4941:from the original on 30 May 2023 4911:from the original on 6 July 2021 4716:from the original on 3 July 2021 4447:from the original on 13 May 2021 4284:Farmer, Ben (24 February 2014). 4218:Page, Lewis (24 November 2010). 4042:Institution of Engineers (India) 3873:Beedall, Richard (18 May 2011). 3532:from the original on 13 May 2020 3462:Chuter, Andrew (23 March 2016). 3419:from the original on 25 May 2009 2319: 2188:, were most recently carried by 1793:On Wednesday 24 April 2024, HMS 1681:Communications and other systems 1298:Sylver Vertical Launching System 1278:Sylver Vertical Launching System 963:In 2009, delivery of the ships' 437:Sylver vertical launching system 143:12 (2000), 8 (2004), 6 (ordered) 78: 31: 6411:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 6261:. 20 April 2012. Archived from 6203:. 28 April 2010. Archived from 6145:from the original on 4 May 2014 5891:Evans, Michael (26 July 2007). 5625:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5360:from the original on 6 May 2021 5189: 5166: 5121:from the original on 5 May 2023 5106: 5004: 4893: 4867: 4836: 4821: 4791: 4761: 4728: 4698: 4667: 4478:from the original on 9 May 2021 4459: 4429: 4399: 4369: 4357:from the original on 4 May 2020 4338: 4308: 4277: 4244: 4211: 4178: 4115: 4048: 4025:Chitale, Captain S. S. (2010). 3945: 3923:eases through first sea trials" 3910: 3897: 3866: 3836: 3806: 3770: 3736: 3703: 3670: 3640: 3623: 3606: 3574: 3544: 3455: 3367: 3265: 3239: 3221:Scott, Richard (29 June 2014). 3161: 3135: 3107: 3081: 3055: 3027: 3013: 2982: 2956: 2930: 2904: 2879: 2853: 2827: 2805: 2775: 2739: 2672: 2310: 2289: 845:radar. The ships were built by 832: 446:missiles (range 1.7–30 km) 16:2009 Royal Navy destroyer class 7529:Ship classes of the Royal Navy 7519:Ships built on the River Clyde 5845:. 19 July 2008. Archived from 5405:@NavyLookout (17 March 2023). 4963:. UK Government. 24 May 2022. 4735:Vale, Paul (3 February 2012). 4643:Scott, Richard (17 May 2014). 3582:"Defence in a competitive age" 3313:. 24 July 2009. Archived from 2989:@NavyLookout (17 March 2023). 2756:. 8 March 2006. Archived from 2605: 2588: 2275: 1899:In 2009, the House of Commons 1341:medium-range ballistic missile 1181:crew to repair on their own." 1055:integrated electric propulsion 1049:Integrated electric propulsion 778: 550:Kevlar splinter protection, 70 259:integrated electric propulsion 1: 4612:LaGrone, Sam (7 March 2013). 4468:"Defence: Type 45 Destroyers" 3348:. 13 March 2009. p. 12. 2718:. Newsdesk Media. p. 2. 2680:"Air Defence Destroyer (T45)" 2332: 1871:Minister for the Armed Forces 1309:United States Naval Institute 1113:controllable pitch propellers 1102:moored at Greenwich in London 928:, missile equipment, and the 456:, called Sea Viper Evolution. 119:1.050 billion per ship incl. 5620:"Written Answers – Frigates" 5527:"IDS300 Navel Decoy Systems" 4996:. p. 24. Archived from 4577:"Aster Anti-Missile Missile" 3687:. London, UK. Archived from 2815:. UK Government. 24 May 2022 2787:Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2268: 1659:decoy system allows for the 1646:(NGS) against land targets. 538:general purpose machine guns 409:Surface Ship Torpedo Defence 7: 6227:"HMS Diamond to join fleet" 5922:Kula, Adam (19 June 2008). 5173:Tran, Pierre (6 May 2013). 5050:. January 2011. p. 9. 3844:"Daring Class | Royal Navy" 2623:. Royal Navy. 7 July 2015. 2206: 2129:Three ships of the Type 45 1557: 841:air-defence system and the 730:that had served during the 298:(33 km/h; 21 mph) 282:(59 km/h; 37 mph) 10: 7550: 4832:. Vol. 44. p. 8. 3440:See statement by the then 3279:. Wärtsilä. Archived from 3171:. Navy Lookout. 5 May 2023 3041:Janes Information Services 2461:. HC 850-I. Archived from 1958:Power improvement package 1416:missile for the first time 1231:, and highly maneuverable 1200: 1046: 888:Construction of blocks of 807:Marconi Electronic Systems 782: 586:anti-submarine torpedoes, 190:152.4 m (500 ft) 18: 7469: 7447: 7429: 7420: 7386: 7258: 7189: 7171: 7162: 7103: 7066: 7055: 7007: 6904: 6845: 6836: 6781: 6758: 6714: 6705: 6662: 6599: 6579: 6529: 6255:"HMS Dragon commissioned" 5084:: The Warfare Department" 3953:"The Comfort of the Crew" 2595:"For Queen and Country". 2411:. HC 1229. Archived from 2299:; however, the 6,200-ton 1988:Undergoing General Refit 1985:Sep 2021 to January 2023 1933:BAE Systems Surface Ships 1911:In an interview with the 1901:Public Accounts Committee 1661:seduction and distraction 1426:4.5-inch Mark 8 naval gun 1147: 1006:radar signature reduction 795:guided-missile destroyers 671:guided-missile destroyers 508:4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun 391:UAT Mod 2.0 (2.1 planned) 163: 50: 30: 5961:. London. Archived from 5868:. London. Archived from 5647:"Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP" 4508:Naval War College Review 823:Defence Select Committee 708:. The first ship in the 620:anti submarine torpedoes 173:Guided-missile destroyer 121:Research and development 4988:"Taking aim at Type 26" 4706:"Products – Destroyers" 4441:www.navyrecognition.com 3744:"Type 45 destroyer HMS 3380:Government News Network 2516:– via Scribd.com. 2162:of the 1930s. The name 1835:(front) operating with 1726:Additional capabilities 1665:infrared countermeasure 1530:close-in weapon systems 1499: 1134:compressor intercooling 164:General characteristics 6020:UK Ministry of Defence 6016:"Defence in the media" 4517:U.S. Naval War College 4472:House of Lords Debates 2712:A Global Force 2012/13 1915:, former Rear Admiral 1855: 1844: 1432: 1417: 1399: 1376: 1313:Missile Defense Agency 1305:anti-ballistic missile 1284: 1257: 1215:Aster (missile family) 1103: 976:General specifications 896: 21:Daring-class destroyer 6351:. 26 September 2013. 4993:Jane's Defence Weekly 3754:. 26 September 2013. 3450:Jane's Defence Weekly 3345:National Audit Office 3311:Defence Professionals 2263:Horizon-class frigate 2096:Undergoing PIP Refit 2069:Undergoing PIP Refit 2042:To undergo PIP Refit 2012:May 2020 to Jun 2022 1850: 1831: 1734:and their equipment. 1644:naval gunfire support 1510:4.5-inch Mark 8 Mod 1 1473:Eurocopter Tiger Mk 3 1423: 1405: 1382: 1367: 1275: 1248: 1201:Further information: 1172:in February 2014 and 1138:exhaust heat recovery 1095: 1065:, and along with two 1047:Further information: 951:Portsmouth Naval Base 887: 857:shipyards and single 803:Horizon-class frigate 789:Horizon-class frigate 744:Admiral Sir Alan West 736:National Audit Office 485:Harpoon Block 1C SSMs 278:In excess of 32 43:Portsmouth Naval Base 6426:27 June 2021 at the 6095:"Type 45 Destroyers" 5597:Selex Communications 5473:. 23 November 2022. 5443:. 23 November 2022. 5150:. 12 February 2013. 5042:"The Best of the UK" 4803:MBDA Missile Systems 4618:U.S. Naval Institute 4322:. 24 November 2016. 3848:www.royalnavy.mod.uk 3386:on 27 September 2007 3210:on 5 September 2012. 2295:Largest in terms of 2140:of 1949; these are: 1630:Naval Strike Missile 1197:Advanced air-defence 1043:Propulsion and power 742:on 1 February 2006, 654:, also known as the 489:Naval Strike Missile 7430:Ocean survey vessel 6485:NavyRecognition.com 6207:on 6 September 2010 6141:. 31 January 2013. 6051:The Daily Telegraph 5872:on 16 February 2007 5633:14 May 2021 at the 5199:. 4 February 2019. 5018:. 13 January 2021. 4773:Ministry of Defence 4742:The Huffington Post 4680:The Daily Telegraph 4411:www.navylookout.com 4320:The Daily Telegraph 4290:The Daily Telegraph 4162:. 3 February 2016. 4160:www.navylookout.com 4129:. 29 January 2016. 4062:. 18 January 2022. 4060:GE Power Conversion 3927:The Daily Telegraph 3717:The Daily Telegraph 3556:Save The Royal Navy 3495:. 3 February 2016. 3493:Save The Royal Navy 2735:on 3 December 2014. 2572:. 11 October 2013. 2533:"Type 45 Destroyer" 2449:Ministry of Defence 2401:. 24 October 2002. 2253:Type 052D destroyer 2222:De Zeven Provinciën 2066:March 2022 to date 1955:Date of commission 1809:shot down an Iraqi 1745:Operational history 1584:Sting Ray torpedoes 1354:The Huffington Post 1321:Aegis Combat System 1075:GE Power Conversion 1059:alternating current 827:Ministry of Defence 636:capable flight deck 628:Aviation facilities 599:Mk 11 depth charges 384:Electronic warfare 290:In excess of 7,000 266:GE Power Conversion 7514:Type 45 destroyers 6585:Type 42 destroyers 6523:Type 45 destroyers 6123:. 26 January 2024. 5679:. 19 December 2023 5185:on 12 August 2013. 4554:on 28 October 2014 4542:Beedall, Richard. 4523:on 10 October 2013 4103:on 3 February 2009 3963:on 13 October 2007 3885:on 5 December 2013 3691:on 12 October 2008 3283:on 28 October 2014 3123:. 23 November 2022 3095:. 23 November 2022 2690:on 31 October 2007 2284:Global Combat Ship 2160:D-class destroyers 2123:In active service 2117:26 September 2013 2093:June 2023 to date 2015:In active service 1856: 1845: 1824:Ships in the class 1770:United States Navy 1549:Up to 6 × 7.62 mm 1469:Brimstone missiles 1433: 1418: 1400: 1377: 1285: 1258: 1236:anti-ship missiles 1104: 937:BAE Systems Marine 897: 728:-class) destroyers 478:Anti-ship missiles 432:air-defence system 404:Naval Decoy IDS300 373:Ultra Electronics/ 313:processing systems 7524:Destroyer classes 7501: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7465: 7464: 7416: 7415: 7172:Ice patrol vessel 7158: 7157: 7051: 7050: 7003: 7002: 6900: 6899: 6832: 6831: 6701: 6700: 6664:Aircraft carriers 6608: 6607: 6591:Type 83 destroyer 6487:. 30 August 2011. 6321:. 21 March 2013. 5618:(17 March 2011). 5569:on 11 August 2011 5382:. 10 April 2022. 5295:. 23 March 2015. 4413:. 21 March 2018. 3658:on 13 August 2008 3558:. 21 March 2018. 3149:. 13 January 2021 2752:(Press release). 2725:978-1-906940-75-1 2458:978-0-10-295509-5 2415:on 29 August 2012 2408:978-0-21-500586-1 2305:Type 82 destroyer 2258:Type 83 destroyer 2194:-) light cruisers 2138:-class destroyers 2127: 2126: 2060:17 November 2008 2057:19 December 2005 2033:27 November 2007 2030:25 February 2005 1885:On 9 March 2007, 1818:ballistic missile 1758:Sea Viper (Aster) 1690:and Selex ES Ltd. 871:Rolls-Royce WR-21 811:British Aerospace 773:Type 83 destroyer 762:Rolls-Royce WR-21 652:Type 45 destroyer 648: 647: 536:6 × 7.62 mm 525:2 × 7.62 mm 423:Anti-air missiles 368:Ultra Electronics 362:Ultra Electronics 358:Radar (Type 1048) 347:Radar (Type 1047) 218:Rolls-Royce WR-21 102:Succeeded by 59:Type 45 destroyer 7541: 7478:Ship of the line 7474: 7473: 7427: 7426: 7169: 7168: 7064: 7063: 7059:measures vessels 7016: 7015: 6911: 6910: 6843: 6842: 6712: 6711: 6669: 6668: 6657: 6656: 6647: 6646: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6612: 6611: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6476: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6436: 6430: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6381:. 28 July 2021. 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6265:on 22 April 2012 6251: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6022:. 31 July 2016. 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5965:on 12 March 2007 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5930:. Archived from 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5803: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5759:royalnavy.mod.uk 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5695: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5643: 5637: 5629: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5565:. Archived from 5563:Airborne Systems 5555: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5539:on 16 April 2018 5538: 5532:. Archived from 5531: 5523: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5420: 5418: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5325:. 12 June 2015. 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5265:. 2 March 2015. 5255: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5222: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5181:. Archived from 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5140: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5117:. Navy Lookout. 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5094:on 20 April 2009 5090:. Archived from 5076: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5059: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4809:on 30 March 2014 4795: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4775:. 6 March 2013. 4765: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4655:on 14 April 2015 4651:. Archived from 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4586:. Archived from 4581: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4550:. Archived from 4539: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4519:. Archived from 4498: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4195:. Archived from 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4152: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4099:. Archived from 4082: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4031: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4006:on 18 April 2009 4005: 3999:. Archived from 3994: 3986: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3959:. Archived from 3949: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3914: 3908: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3881:. Archived from 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3820:. 28 June 2010. 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3794:on 25 March 2010 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3654:. Archived from 3644: 3638: 3637: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3593: 3586: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3528:. 21 July 2016. 3518: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3459: 3453: 3438: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3415:. 20 June 2008. 3405: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3382:. Archived from 3371: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3354: 3341: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3231:. Archived from 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3198: 3190: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3023:. 10 April 2022. 3017: 3011: 3010: 3004: 3002: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2970:. 26 August 2021 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2839:royalnavy.mod.uk 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2763:on 13 March 2012 2762: 2751: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2728:. Archived from 2717: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2686:. Archived from 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2656:. 21 June 2023. 2646: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2562: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2529: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2498:- Type 45 facts" 2490: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2467: 2446: 2438: 2429: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2387: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2367: 2356: 2348: 2326: 2323: 2317: 2314: 2308: 2293: 2287: 2279: 2248:-class destroyer 2240:-class destroyer 2238:Sejong the Great 2232:-class destroyer 2216:-class destroyer 2174:-class) frigates 2114:11 October 2010 2111:26 January 2007 2087:21 October 2009 2006:23 January 2007 1979:1 February 2006 1949:First steel cut 1938: 1937: 1895: 1613:Type 22 frigates 1480:Planned upgrades 1436:Anti-air warfare 1352:, was quoted by 1225:fighter aircraft 1221:anti-air warfare 1157:Northrop Grumman 1079:induction motors 1002:Lloyd's Register 918:Thales Nederland 760:attached to the 755:Northrop Grumman 559:Aircraft carried 553: 491:starting on HMS 84: 82: 81: 35: 28: 27: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7504: 7503: 7502: 7493: 7461: 7443: 7412: 7382: 7254: 7185: 7154: 7099: 7058: 7047: 7010: 6999: 6896: 6828: 6777: 6754: 6697: 6692:Prince of Wales 6685:Queen Elizabeth 6674:Queen Elizabeth 6658: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6609: 6604: 6595: 6575: 6525: 6520: 6479: 6467: 6464: 6459: 6458: 6448: 6446: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6428:Wayback Machine 6416: 6414: 6402: 6398: 6388: 6386: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6236: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6200:Shields Gazette 6193: 6192: 6188: 6178: 6176: 6171:. 22 May 2009. 6163: 6162: 6158: 6148: 6146: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6078:The Independent 6074: 6070: 6060: 6058: 6043: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5982: 5978: 5968: 5966: 5959:The Independent 5951: 5947: 5937: 5935: 5934:on 27 June 2008 5920: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5889: 5885: 5875: 5873: 5858: 5854: 5849:on 9 June 2009. 5833: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5804: 5800: 5790: 5788: 5787:. 25 April 2024 5779: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5761:. 25 April 2024 5753: 5752: 5748: 5738: 5736: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5708: 5696: 5692: 5682: 5680: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5635:Wayback Machine 5609: 5605: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5529: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5510: 5508: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5416: 5414: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5270: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5223: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5142: 5141: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5111: 5107: 5097: 5095: 5078: 5077: 5070: 5057: 5055: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5025: 5023: 5010: 5009: 5005: 5000:on 14 May 1998. 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4937:. 6 July 2021. 4929: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4884: 4882: 4881:. 17 March 2016 4873: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4841: 4837: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4752: 4750: 4733: 4729: 4719: 4717: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4689: 4687: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4641: 4637: 4627: 4625: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4540: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4499: 4490: 4481: 4479: 4464: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4249: 4245: 4235: 4233: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4199:on 2 March 2017 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4154: 4153: 4146: 4136: 4134: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4083: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4029: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3936: 3934: 3915: 3911: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3675: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3628: 3624: 3616:Financial Times 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3520: 3519: 3512: 3502: 3500: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3460: 3456: 3439: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3407: 3406: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3372: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3317:on 26 July 2009 3301: 3300: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3253:. 29 April 2024 3245: 3244: 3240: 3235:on 7 July 2014. 3219: 3215: 3207: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3141: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3069:. 20 April 2024 3061: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3032: 3028: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3000: 2998: 2987: 2983: 2973: 2971: 2968:navylookout.com 2962: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2867:. 20 April 2024 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2732: 2726: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2577: 2564: 2563: 2556: 2546: 2544: 2531: 2530: 2521: 2511: 2509: 2492: 2491: 2484: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2459: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2432: 2418: 2416: 2409: 2389: 2388: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2294: 2290: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2209: 2201:James Cartlidge 2039:October 2024 - 2003:26 August 2004 1893: 1887:The Independent 1877:, announced in 1826: 1747: 1728: 1683: 1652: 1650:Countermeasures 1617:Duncan, Diamond 1605: 1596:Martlet missile 1560: 1542:. (replaced by 1502: 1438: 1394:. A 20 mm 1362: 1331:in the Western 1329:Kwajalein Atoll 1251:operations room 1217: 1199: 1150: 1051: 1045: 978: 973: 971:Characteristics 902:HMNB Portsmouth 835: 791: 783:Main articles: 781: 696:(AESA) and the 554:mm magazine/VLS 551: 519:2 × 20 mm 516:Mk 1 30 mm guns 385: 312: 211:Installed power 79: 77: 46: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7547: 7537: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7491: 7482: 7480: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7459: 7451: 7449: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7433: 7431: 7424: 7422:Survey vessels 7418: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7403: 7395: 7393: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7373: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7324: 7317: 7310: 7303: 7296: 7289: 7282: 7275: 7267: 7265: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7245: 7238: 7231: 7224: 7217: 7210: 7203: 7195: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7175: 7173: 7166: 7164:Patrol vessels 7160: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7152: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7109: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7097: 7090: 7083: 7075: 7073: 7061: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7038: 7030: 7028: 7013: 7005: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6990: 6983: 6976: 6969: 6962: 6955: 6952:Northumberland 6948: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6919: 6917: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6851: 6849: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6790: 6788: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6775: 6767: 6765: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6723: 6721: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6695: 6688: 6680: 6678: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6638: 6637: 6630: 6623: 6615: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6587: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6573: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6519: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6477: 6463: 6462:External links 6460: 6457: 6456: 6431: 6396: 6366: 6336: 6306: 6276: 6246: 6218: 6186: 6156: 6126: 6112: 6086: 6068: 6037: 6007: 5976: 5945: 5914: 5883: 5852: 5826: 5798: 5772: 5746: 5718: 5690: 5664: 5638: 5603: 5580: 5550: 5518: 5488: 5458: 5428: 5397: 5371: 5340: 5310: 5280: 5250: 5232:WhatDoTheyKnow 5214: 5188: 5165: 5132: 5105: 5068: 5033: 5003: 4978: 4952: 4922: 4892: 4866: 4835: 4820: 4790: 4760: 4727: 4697: 4666: 4649:IHS Jane's 360 4635: 4604: 4593:on 11 May 2012 4565: 4534: 4488: 4458: 4428: 4398: 4368: 4337: 4307: 4276: 4243: 4210: 4177: 4144: 4114: 4077: 4047: 4017: 3974: 3944: 3909: 3896: 3865: 3835: 3805: 3769: 3735: 3720:. London, UK. 3702: 3669: 3639: 3622: 3605: 3573: 3543: 3510: 3480: 3454: 3442:First Sea Lord 3430: 3413:Shipping Times 3397: 3366: 3328: 3294: 3264: 3238: 3228:IHS Jane's 360 3213: 3182: 3160: 3134: 3106: 3080: 3054: 3026: 3012: 2981: 2955: 2929: 2903: 2878: 2852: 2826: 2804: 2774: 2738: 2724: 2701: 2671: 2638: 2604: 2587: 2554: 2519: 2482: 2468:on 7 June 2011 2457: 2430: 2407: 2379: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2318: 2309: 2288: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2242: 2234: 2226: 2224:-class frigate 2218: 2208: 2205: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2090:21 March 2013 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2063:20 April 2012 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1976:28 March 2003 1974: 1971: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1942: 1896:s sea trials. 1825: 1822: 1814:cruise missile 1746: 1743: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1702: 1691: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1671: 1668: 1651: 1648: 1604: 1601: 1564:Boeing Chinook 1559: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1547: 1533: 1520: 1513: 1501: 1498: 1456: 1455: 1437: 1434: 1361: 1358: 1238:travelling at 1198: 1195: 1149: 1146: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1116: 1044: 1041: 1033:junior ratings 1010:superstructure 977: 974: 972: 969: 834: 831: 780: 777: 748:First Sea Lord 675:United Kingdom 673:built for the 646: 645: 644: 643: 637: 629: 625: 624: 623: 622: 621: 613: 606: 601: 600: 597: 590: 580: 569: 560: 556: 555: 548: 544: 543: 542: 541: 540: 534: 523: 517: 510: 503: 497: 496: 481: 475: 474: 473: 469: 468:from 2026 for: 458: 457: 447: 440: 433: 426: 418: 414: 413: 412: 411: 406: 401: 395: 392: 387: 381: 380: 379: 378: 377:MFS-7000 sonar 371: 365: 359: 348: 341: 334: 328: 322: 314: 308: 307: 304: 300: 299: 292:nautical miles 288: 284: 283: 276: 272: 271: 270: 269: 262: 253: 249: 248: 247: 246: 239: 232: 212: 208: 207: 204: 200: 199: 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 75: 71: 70: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 51:Class overview 48: 47: 45:, 1 March 2010 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7546: 7535: 7534:Stealth ships 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7472: 7470:Miscellaneous 7468: 7458: 7457: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448:Survey launch 7446: 7440: 7439: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7419: 7409: 7408: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7367: 7365: 7364: 7360: 7358: 7357: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7257: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7218: 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Government 4846: 4839: 4831: 4824: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4748: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4731: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4701: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4670: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4589: 4585: 4578: 4572: 4570: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4538: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4247: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4214: 4198: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4181: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4081: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4034:IE(I) Journal 4028: 4021: 4002: 3998: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3948: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3922: 3913: 3907:, 2005, p.35. 3906: 3903:P. J. Gates, 3900: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3869: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3773: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3747: 3739: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3706: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3673: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3635: 3634: 3626: 3618: 3617: 3609: 3590: 3583: 3577: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3517: 3515: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3451: 3447: 3446:Sir Alan West 3443: 3437: 3435: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3402: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3338: 3332: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3306: 3298: 3282: 3278: 3276: 3268: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3217: 3206: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3187: 3170: 3164: 3148: 3144: 3138: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3110: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3030: 3022: 3016: 3008: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2918:. 6 July 2021 2917: 2913: 2907: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2841:. 2 June 2023 2840: 2836: 2830: 2814: 2808: 2793:on 3 May 2012 2792: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2742: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2714: 2713: 2705: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2643: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2616: 2608: 2600: 2599: 2591: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2561: 2559: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2497: 2489: 2487: 2479: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2437: 2435: 2427: 2414: 2410: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2384: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2338: 2322: 2313: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2285: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2214:Arleigh Burke 2211: 2210: 2204: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2084:31 July 2006 2083: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1984: 1982:23 July 2009 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1875:Bob Ainsworth 1872: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1841:Isle of Wight 1838: 1834: 1830: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1742: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1732:Royal Marines 1720: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1647: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1592:AW159 Wildcat 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572:Westland Lynx 1569: 1565: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1540:M134 Miniguns 1538: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1527:20 mm calibre 1525: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1471:to equip the 1470: 1466: 1460: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1404: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1386: 1381: 1374: 1371: 1366: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1333:Pacific Ocean 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1268: 1263: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1187: 1186:Cammell Laird 1182: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1158: 1153: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1050: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 968: 966: 961: 959: 954: 952: 948: 947: 940: 938: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 904:and taken by 903: 895: 891: 886: 882: 879: 875: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 830: 828: 824: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 790: 786: 776: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 732:Falklands War 729: 727: 720: 718: 717: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 692: 688: 684: 683:anti-aircraft 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 662: 657: 653: 642: 638: 635: 632: 631: 630: 627: 626: 619: 615: 614: 612:, armed with: 611: 607: 605: 602: 598: 595: 591: 589: 585: 581: 579: 575: 571: 570: 568:, armed with: 567: 563: 562: 561: 558: 557: 549: 546: 545: 539: 535: 532: 529:(replaced by 528: 524: 522: 518: 515: 511: 509: 505: 504: 501: 498: 494: 490: 486: 483: 482: 479: 476: 471: 470: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 448: 445: 442: 441: 438: 434: 431: 428: 427: 424: 421: 420: 419: 416: 415: 410: 407: 405: 402: 399: 396: 393: 390: 389: 388: 383: 382: 376: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 353: 350:1 × Raytheon 349: 346: 343:2 × Raytheon 342: 339: 336:2 × Raytheon 335: 333: 329: 326: 323: 320: 317: 316: 315: 310: 309: 305: 302: 301: 297: 293: 289: 286: 285: 281: 277: 274: 273: 267: 263: 260: 256: 255: 254: 251: 250: 244: 240: 237: 233: 230: 227:(28,800 226: 222: 219: 215: 214: 213: 210: 209: 205: 202: 201: 197: 194: 193: 189: 186: 185: 181: 178: 177: 174: 171: 168: 167: 162: 158: 155: 154: 150: 147: 146: 142: 139: 138: 134: 131: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 111: 110: 107: 104: 101: 100: 97: 94: 91: 90: 87: 76: 73: 72: 69: 66: 63: 62: 58: 55: 54: 49: 44: 40: 34: 29: 26: 22: 7486: 7455: 7437: 7406: 7399: 7388: 7376: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7348: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7320: 7313: 7306: 7299: 7292: 7285: 7278: 7271: 7260: 7248: 7241: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7213: 7206: 7199: 7179: 7148: 7142:Chiddingfold 7141: 7134: 7127: 7120: 7113: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7068: 7057:Mine counter 7041: 7034: 7020: 6993: 6986: 6979: 6972: 6965: 6958: 6951: 6944: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6846: 6822: 6815: 6808: 6801: 6794: 6783: 6771: 6760: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6716: 6691: 6684: 6673: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6522: 6484: 6472: 6447:. 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