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electronically). In addition, the use of a smaller number of arrays allows the system to be much lighter, allowing placement of the arrays at the top of a prominent mast rather than on the side of the superstructure as in the Dutch or US ships. Placing any radar emitter at a higher altitude extends the horizon distance, improving performance against low-level or
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targets; SAMPSON is at approximately double the height above the waterline than the arrays of equivalent ships in foreign navies. Although precise details of the SAMPSON's performance in this regard are unlikely to enter the public domain, such factors may mitigate the disadvantages of fewer arrays.
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intended to deploy the SAMPSON multifunction radar (MFR) on its version of the
Horizon-class frigate (also known as Common New Generation Frigate or CNGF), a collaboration with France and Italy to produce anti-air warfare warships. Following delays and complications, the UK withdrew and started its
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The SAMPSON multifunction radar can detect air and surface targets out to a distance of 400 km (250 mi), and it is capable of tracking hundreds of targets at any one time. Sea Viper uses this information to assess and command target priorities and calculate the optimum launch time for its
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Although the SAMPSON radar does not provide continuous 360-degree coverage, it rotates at 30 revolutions per minute, and with two back-to-back arrays, no part of the sky lacks coverage for more than half a second on average (the precise time varies as the beams can also be swept back and forth
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to complement SAMPSON on the Type 45 destroyers. This also resulted in the NATO Anti-Air
Warfare System study (NAAWS) defining the preferred AAW system as consisting of a complementary Volume Search Radar and MFR. This gives the added advantage that the two systems can use two different radar
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Some tasks are difficult to combine: for example, (long-range) volume search consumes substantial radar resources, leaving little room for other tasks like targeting. Combining volume search with other tasks also results either in slow search rates or in low overall quality per task. Driving
157:. Plessey was acquired by Siemens in 1989 to become Siemens-Plessey, itself acquired by British Aerospace in 1998. British Aerospace became BAE Systems in November 1999. MESAR 1 trials occurred between 1989 and 1994. MESAR 2 development began in August 1995, of which SAMPSON is a derivative.
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As an active array, SAMPSON uses software to shape and direct its beam, allowing several functions to be carried out at once and, through adaptive waveform control, is virtually immune to enemy jamming. Active arrays have both longer range and higher accuracy than conventional radars. The
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was positioned near missile launch sites at US Army
Kwajalein Atoll to take part in a trial assessing SAMPSON's ability to detect and track ballistic missiles, a capability it was not originally intended to have. During the trial, the system successfully detected two simulated
192:. Director of the UK Missile Defence Centre, Simon Pavitt, said, "This work has raised the profile of the Ballistic Missile Defence potential and will support an ongoing Missile Defence Centre programme to further explore key issues."
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The SAMPSON uses two planar arrays to provide coverage over only part of the sky; complete coverage is provided by rotating the arrays, similar to the way conventional radar systems operate. This is in contrast to the US
121:. It is the fire control radar component of the Sea Viper naval air defence system. The Sea Viper system is also known as PAAMS(S) to denote the use of the SAMPSON radar and to distinguish it from the
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beam-directing software uses sophisticated algorithms to schedule searches so that the potentially hundreds of active tracks are maintained with maximum accuracy.
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Dranidis, Dimitris V. (May 2003). "Backboards of the fleet: shipboard phased-array radars; a survey of requirements, technologies, and operational systems".
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frequencies; one being a good choice for long-range search, the other a good choice for an MFR (physics makes both tasks difficult to combine).
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306:, was launched on February 1, 2006. The ship was fitted with SAMPSON and S1850M radars in 2007 and was commissioned on 23 July 2009.
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parameters in radar performance is time-on-target or observation time per beam. This led to the Royal Navy selecting the
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missile system, which was also developed for the
Horizon frigates (French and Italian ships are to be fitted with the
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Gethin, Howard (1999-06-02). "Early warning electronically scanned Radar promises anti-ballistic missile solutions".
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Conventional radars, consisting of a rotating transmitter and sensor, have limited power, are vulnerable to
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2012 composite photographed at less than one second interval showing SAMPSON antenna rotation.
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Multiple target tracking and multiple channel fire control; 1000 targets can be tracked
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SAMPSON is derived from the
Multifunction Electronically Scanned Adaptive Radar (
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MFR). The SAMPSON Radar is made in Cowes, Isle of Wight.
477:"Fallout from 'StarWars' failure could afflict UK".
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257:system (as used on the Royal Netherlands Navy's
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211:showing the SAMPSON multi-function AESA radar
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155:Defence Evaluation and Research Agency
575:Military radars of the United Kingdom
180:In September 2013, Type 45 destroyer
343:Active electronically scanned array
112:active electronically scanned array
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16:Multifunction, rotating AESA radar
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169:uses the SAMPSON radar with the
253:-class destroyer) or the Dutch
190:medium-range ballistic missiles
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453:"SAMPSON Multi-Function Radar"
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271:, and the Royal Danish Navy's
110:is a multi-function dual-face
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1:
414:Journal of Electronic Defense
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125:system on the Franco-Italian
438:. Reed Business Information.
315:Long and medium-range search
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324:High-angle search and track
249:(as used on the Flight III
165:own Type 45 programme. The
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485:. 2000-06-21. p. 17.
348:Active phased array radar
321:High-speed horizon search
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21:Sampson (disambiguation)
293:S1850M long-range radar
483:Centaur Communications
318:Surface picture search
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44:Country of origin
522:"Tessella Case Study"
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127:Horizon-class frigate
436:Flight International
264:, the German Navy's
119:BAE Systems Maritime
19:For other uses, see
299:The first Type 45,
260:De Zeven Provinciën
151:Roke Manor Research
28:
580:Phased array radar
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550:BAE Sampson Radar
363:EL/M-2248 MF-STAR
238:and Flight I–IIA
167:Type 45 destroyer
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570:Royal Navy Radar
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503:. 2014-07-23
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479:The Engineer
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117:produced by
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68:Solid-state
234:Ticonderoga
92:400 km
559:Categories
532:2013-11-29
507:2022-09-26
463:2007-08-18
399:References
162:Royal Navy
153:, and the
100:25 kW
301:HMS
206:HMS
196:Operation
80:2–4 GHz (
77:Frequency
420:(5): 55.
358:AN/SPY-6
353:AN/SPY-3
332:See also
247:AN/SPY-6
229:AN/SPY-1
267:Sachsen
147:Plessey
137:History
108:SAMPSON
27:SAMPSON
378:OPS-50
373:OPS-24
303:Daring
245:) and
208:Daring
184:Daring
82:S band
368:EMPAR
310:Modes
175:EMPAR
171:PAAMS
143:MESAR
123:PAAMS
115:radar
97:Power
89:Range
72:radar
57:built
255:APAR
182:HMS
160:The
106:The
70:AESA
65:Type
55:No.
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