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in 2017 was even more disastrous, likely killing at least 32 birds, with only five females found during the post-hurricane survey of the area. However, in the spring of 2018, the estimated wild population was 12. As of
February 2019, with the Houston Zoo having released many individuals the previous
396:
In 1900, up to 1,000,000 Attwater's prairie-chickens inhabited the coastal grasslands. Loss of habitat is believed to be the prime reason for their decline. One of the major factors contributing to the habitat loss was the widespread planting, beginning in the early 1900s, of
Chinese tallow trees
343:
or "booming ground." In these areas, the females watch the males and choose their mate. The male emits a booming, "woo-woo" sound from his neck sack, causing it to inflate, and struts around to attract a female. Some of the traditional dances of the North
American Plains Indians are based on this
415:
with dense, near-monospecific stands that significantly alter biotic and abiotic ecosystem processes. Coastal prairies have also declined with the invasion of non-native grasses such as Old World bluestems which create monocultures and change the structure of native grasslands. Urbanization has
275:
Attwater's prairie-chicken measures 17–18 in (43-45.5 cm) and weighs roughly 1.5 to 2.0 lb (0.7 to 0.9 kg). It has a 28-in (70-cm) wingspan. These grouse have strong vertical bars of dark brown and buff-white pattern over the mantle, flanks, and underparts. The species exhibits
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416:
further contributed to habitat loss. As a result of these changes over the last 100 years, the grassland ecosystem where
Attwater's prairie-chicken once thrived exists in small, scattered patches whose continued existence is threatened. Where once grazing
347:
In late spring, the hens lay 10 to 14 eggs in nests on the ground, hidden in tall grass. The eggs hatch about 26 days later. Only about 3 in 10 eggs hatch and the others are lost to predators. The chicks stay with the hen for about six weeks.
741:
Bruce, K. A., G. N. Cameron, & P. A. Harcombe. 1995. "Initiation of a new woodland type on the Texas coastal prairie by the
Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.)". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
481:
year, the wild population was around 200. Since then, the wild population has decreased again. A count done later that year indicated only 108 birds remaining and a report from
February 2021 stated fewer than 100.
438:
decided to permit new drilling close to primary breeding grounds on Texas land owned by the
Conservancy. That harmed the prairie-chicken population at that location in the view of some organizations, including the
339:
The mating display can be seen
January through mid-May, peaking in mid-March, when the birds gather in small groups on short grass, bare ground, or hilly areas to choose a mate. This area is called a
443:. The number of Attwater's prairie-chickens nesting on the land owned by the Conservancy fell from 36 in 1998 to 16 in 2003. Attwater's prairie-chickens have since disappeared from the site.
424:
due to lightning reduced brush, the birds now have difficulty making their way through thick undergrowth. Other, less-apparent changes in the ecosystem possibly have had an effect as well.
284:, called pinnae, erected to form what looks like ear-like structures. The male also has as a bright orange or golden air sac on either side of his neck, which he inflates during
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has proven to be an aggressive invader of the coastal grasslands, where it displaces the diverse native plant assemblage that was dominated by prairie grasses and
319:, and inland for 75 mi (121 km). This covered an area of 6 million acres (24,000 km). Today, populations exist in the wild at two locations: the
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A 1937 study recorded about 8,700 Attwater's prairie-chickens remaining in four Texas counties. Attwater's prairie-chicken has been on the
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In 2014, an estimated 260 birds remained, with about 100 living in the wild. Captive-breeding programs are underway at places such as
728:
Flack, S. & E. Furlow. 1996. "America's least wanted "purple plague", "green cancer" and 10 other ruthless environmental thugs".
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In 2016, the population declined to 42 birds following heavy spring floods, which wiped out an entire generation of eggs.
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since March 1967 when an estimated 1,070 birds were left in the wild. By 2003, fewer than 50 birds remained in the wild.
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This species has a diverse diet, eating grass shoots, petals of flowers, seeds, and insects such as
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Silvy, Nova J.; Brown, Dennis L.; Labuda Jr., Stephen E.; Teer, James G.; Williams, Dennis (1996).
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997:"'Match.com for chickens': Houston Zoo's secret weapon for saving a species"
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670:"Attwater's Prairie Chicken History of Species Decline Historic Populations"
458:, Abilene Zoo, and Caldwell Zoo (Tyler, TX). Through a partnership with the
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779:"The country's largest environmental group is profiting from oil drilling"
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1033:"As Extreme Weather Events Increase, What Are the Risks to Wildlife?"
971:"Attwater's prairie chickens dealt critical blow by Hurricane Harvey"
709:"Attwater's Prairie Chicken History of Species Decline Current Range"
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946:"How Hurricane Harvey Affected Birds and Their Habitats in Texas"
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641:"ESA rules could spell trouble for the lesser prairie chicken"
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Texas Parks and
Wildlife on the Attwater's Prairie Chicken
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1015:"26th annual Attwater Prairie Chicken Fest Mar. 28-29"
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In 2023 Attwater's prairie-chicken was featured on a
1386:
Endemic birds of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
697:(Report). United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
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662:
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1091:Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge
321:Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge
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862:Stephens, Joe; Ottaway, David B. (2003-05-05).
861:
657:
510:. The stamp was dedicated at a ceremony at the
1051:"Postal Service Spotlights Endangered Species"
921:"Attwater's Prairie Chicken Recovery Program"
303:. Its range historically stretched west from
898:. Fossil Rim Wildlife Center. Archived from
755:. Society of TympanuchusCupido Pinnatus, Ltd
864:"How a Bid to Save a Species Came to Grief"
638:
59:
40:
1366:NatureServe critically imperiled species
692:Attwater's Prairie Chicken Recovery Plan
445:
599:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
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1396:Species endangered by invasive species
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994:
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388:. Chicks are susceptible to flooding.
1381:Endangered fauna of the United States
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711:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
672:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
621:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
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995:Gordon, Maggie (February 13, 2019).
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291:
732:. Vol. 46, No. 6 November/December.
311:in Texas, possibly as far south as
288:They have a lifespan of 2–5 years.
24:
852:
836:"Wildlife Shares Nest With Profit"
767:
639:Chamberlain, Kendra (2019-09-24).
512:National Grasslands Visitor Center
280:, with the males having elongated
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500:set, based on a photograph from
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1080:Fight to save a prairie chicken
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301:Western Gulf coastal grasslands
777:Abrams, Lindsay (2014-08-04).
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467:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
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13:
1:
1401:Taxa named by Charles Bendire
923:. Houston Zoo. Archived from
538:
1179:Tympanuchus cupido attwateri
1149:Tympanuchus cupido attwateri
1055:United States Postal Service
834:Wilson, Janet (2002-08-20).
753:"Attwater's Prairie-Chicken"
619:"Attwater's Prairie Chicken"
593:Tympanuchus cupido attwateri
491:United States Postal Service
241:Tympanuchus cupido attwateri
219:Tympanuchus cupido attwateri
18:Tympanuchus cupido attwateri
7:
1108:National Geographic Article
730:Nature Conservancy Magazine
521:
407:industry. Since that time,
35:Attwater's prairie-chicken
10:
1417:
1120:Fossil Rim Wildlife Center
553:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
456:Fossil Rim Wildlife Center
360:. Their predators include
327:, and on private lands in
236:Attwater's prairie-chicken
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244:) is a highly endangered
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96:Scientific classification
94:
77:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1125:Handbook of Texas Online
1376:Birds described in 1893
1019:Colorado County Citizen
645:The NM Political Report
533:Henry Philemon Attwater
429:endangered species list
250:greater prairie-chicken
1391:ESA endangered species
451:
436:The Nature Conservancy
896:"Animal Conservation"
449:
65:Critically Imperiled
1039:. February 22, 2021.
567:"Appendices | CITES"
307:in Louisiana to the
201:T. c. attwateri
868:The Washington Post
807:The Washington Post
51:Conservation status
1113:2008-08-29 at the
1096:2005-02-04 at the
1084:The New York Times
516:Wall, South Dakota
498:Endangered Species
485:In popular culture
452:
352:Diet and predation
299:is endemic to the
252:that is native to
27:Subspecies of bird
1353:
1352:
1325:Open Tree of Life
1141:Taxon identifiers
1021:. March 11, 2020.
1001:Houston Chronicle
840:Los Angeles Times
803:"Big Green Blues"
403:) to establish a
400:Triadica sebifera
344:booming display.
325:Eagle Lake, Texas
292:Habitat and range
278:sexual dimorphism
233:
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16:(Redirected from
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979:. Retrieved
975:the original
965:
954:. Retrieved
952:. 2017-09-25
949:
940:
929:. Retrieved
925:the original
915:
904:. Retrieved
900:the original
890:
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806:
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747:
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648:. Retrieved
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613:
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592:
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574:. Retrieved
570:
561:
547:
506:
502:Joel Sartore
497:
488:
475:
453:
433:
426:
418:plains bison
408:
398:
395:
392:Conservation
358:grasshoppers
355:
346:
338:
335:Reproduction
309:Nueces River
296:
295:
274:
240:
239:
235:
234:
218:
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200:
199:
195:Subspecies:
185:
173:
29:
1371:Tympanuchus
1299:NatureServe
1260:iNaturalist
1173:Wikispecies
1130:Houston Zoo
460:Houston Zoo
409:T. sebifera
305:Bayou Teche
271:Description
174:Tympanuchus
163:Phasianidae
153:Galliformes
82:Appendix II
69:NatureServe
1360:Categories
981:2018-04-10
956:2017-09-29
931:2009-08-06
906:2010-11-24
881:2020-06-15
845:2020-06-15
820:2020-06-15
788:2020-06-15
759:29 October
715:2010-11-25
676:2010-11-25
650:2020-06-15
625:2010-11-25
604:2010-11-24
576:2022-01-14
539:References
471:Clear Lake
405:soapmaking
313:Tamaulipas
246:subspecies
876:0190-8286
815:0190-8286
571:cites.org
528:Heath hen
507:Photo Ark
434:In 1999,
422:wildfires
261:Louisiana
181:Species:
119:Kingdom:
113:Eukaryota
1338:Species+
1304:2.102588
1164:Q4818761
1158:Wikidata
1111:Archived
1094:Archived
1037:EcoWatch
522:See also
382:opossums
374:raccoons
282:feathers
159:Family:
133:Chordata
129:Phylum:
123:Animalia
109:Domain:
1252:6180015
1239:1269665
1216:attprc1
1190:attprc1
1061:May 11,
950:Audubon
370:coyotes
263:in the
254:coastal
248:of the
226:Bendire
169:Genus:
149:Order:
139:Class:
84: (
67: (
1330:433863
1317:115121
1291:175837
1265:238946
1223:ECOS:
1087:, 2015
874:
813:
450:Female
386:snakes
384:, and
378:skunks
317:Mexico
228:, 1893
1343:12239
1278:59878
1211:eBird
1203:5LP24
1187:BOW:
783:Salon
695:(PDF)
469:near
413:forbs
362:hawks
323:near
257:Texas
86:CITES
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1312:NCBI
1286:ITIS
1247:GBIF
1226:7259
1063:2023
872:ISSN
811:ISSN
761:2016
464:NASA
366:owls
143:Aves
1273:ISC
1234:EoL
1198:CoL
514:in
504:'s
341:lek
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