39:
1147:
1171:
494:
which gave all salt revenues to the Public Debt
Commission – in an attempt to help pay off the Ottoman government's foreign debts. In the face of this government control of salt production (and of salt prices), smuggling became a problem.
480:
system; the government would grant a salt-producing resource to a contractor or tax-farmer, who would then be obliged to return a proportion of salt production (or the cash equivalent) to government coffers. There was usually a separate
489:
reforms, the
Ottoman government took over complete control of salt production, and prices were fixed; in 1879, the salt industry was given to bankers as collateral against government borrowing, and then in 1881, it was made part of the
498:
In the later 19th century, government revenue from tuz resmi was typically 70-80 million kurus per year; by 1912 revenue had risen to 130,476,788 kurus – much higher than other tariffs such as the
400:
264:
364:
88:
393:
469:(who handled customs and tariffs on foreign trade) are receipts for salt duty. There were even dedicated salt-duty officers, who were granted the title
279:
274:
269:
128:
386:
178:
163:
299:
208:
183:
123:
73:
595:
329:
354:
444:, in return for their contributions to tuz resmi. In one case, an entire village involved in salt-production was exempted from the
289:
118:
1191:
701:
667:
533:
1031:
344:
983:
549:
Acun, Fatma (2002). "The Other Side of the Coin: Tax
Exemptions within the Context of Ottoman Taxation History".
695:
426:
26:
707:
1062:
38:
1161:
523:
660:
418:
440:
During the 15th century, households working in the salt industry were exempted from taxes such as
717:
462:
319:
259:
593:
Shaw, Stanford (October 1975). "The
Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System".
1057:
978:
465:
could play a key role in salt taxation; most of the surviving records of the emin stationed in
1006:
945:
570:"EMIN (CUSTOMS OFFICER) AS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE REPUBLIC OF DUBROVNIK"
935:
1150:
1026:
850:
737:
653:
17:
8:
840:
525:
The Arab world, Turkey, and the
Balkans (1878-1914): a handbook of historical statistics
865:
612:
188:
885:
193:
58:
1196:
1093:
1088:
870:
529:
173:
98:
1067:
1052:
780:
755:
604:
574:
455:
218:
158:
1129:
1124:
1001:
968:
925:
900:
875:
690:
506:(stamp duty), although taxes on land and crops continued to return more revenue.
53:
1119:
1036:
958:
880:
820:
765:
712:
499:
434:
153:
133:
30:
760:
608:
168:
1185:
1083:
963:
910:
860:
491:
349:
203:
198:
78:
339:
148:
1109:
930:
825:
810:
745:
482:
477:
334:
1175:
1011:
973:
920:
895:
855:
845:
815:
795:
790:
785:
775:
503:
143:
93:
309:
249:
1021:
835:
805:
800:
750:
722:
213:
138:
616:
1114:
1016:
727:
569:
466:
304:
359:
68:
1134:
915:
905:
770:
486:
369:
324:
314:
113:
103:
953:
830:
284:
223:
108:
294:
890:
449:
441:
254:
630:
Narin, Resül (2009). "Düyûn-ı Umûmiye İdaresi ve
Adapazarı".
445:
233:
83:
63:
1170:
676:
430:
374:
645:
1159:
1183:
661:
394:
596:International Journal of Middle East Studies
476:Tuz resmi was usually arranged through the
668:
654:
401:
387:
702:International Salt Co. v. United States
1184:
567:
649:
629:
1032:List of countries by salt production
592:
548:
422:
13:
345:Ottoman Public Debt Administration
14:
1208:
528:. G. K. Hall. 1982. p. 169.
1169:
1146:
1145:
37:
984:Salt and cardiovascular disease
485:for each salt-mine. During the
1192:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire
623:
586:
561:
542:
516:
1:
509:
7:
551:Bulgarian Historical Review
10:
1213:
15:
1143:
1102:
1076:
1045:
992:
944:
736:
696:In the American Civil War
683:
609:10.1017/s0020743800025368
1002:Salt Industry Commission
675:
265:Evkaf-i Hümayun Nezareti
632:Karadeniz Araştırmaları
568:MIOVIC, Vesna (2003).
502:(alcohol tax) or the
1027:Open-pan salt making
851:Monosodium glutamate
425:; "salt tax") was a
18:Tuz (disambiguation)
16:For other uses, see
866:Potassium chloride
718:In Chinese history
1157:
1156:
1094:Salting the earth
1089:Salt in the Bible
1063:San Francisco Bay
871:Potassium nitrate
535:978-0-8161-8164-3
450:avariz-i divaniye
411:
410:
1204:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1149:
1148:
1007:Evaporation pond
781:Calcium chloride
670:
663:
656:
647:
646:
640:
639:
627:
621:
620:
590:
584:
583:
575:Dubrovnik Annals
565:
559:
558:
546:
540:
539:
520:
456:tekalif-i orfiye
424:
403:
396:
389:
219:Tekalif-i orfiye
41:
23:
22:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1139:
1130:Ximenes Redoubt
1125:Water softening
1098:
1072:
1041:
994:
988:
969:Salt-cured meat
940:
926:Sodium chloride
901:Salt substitute
876:River reed salt
732:
679:
674:
644:
643:
628:
624:
591:
587:
566:
562:
547:
543:
536:
522:
521:
517:
512:
419:Ottoman Turkish
407:
194:Resm-i mücerred
59:Adet-i deştbani
21:
12:
11:
5:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Smelling salts
1117:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1037:Salt tectonics
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
979:Health effects
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
950:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
881:Sodium nitrate
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
841:Korean brining
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
742:
740:
734:
733:
731:
730:
725:
720:
715:
713:Old Salt Route
710:
705:
698:
693:
687:
685:
681:
680:
673:
672:
665:
658:
650:
642:
641:
622:
603:(4): 421–459.
585:
560:
541:
534:
514:
513:
511:
508:
500:muskirat resmi
435:Ottoman Empire
409:
408:
406:
405:
398:
391:
383:
380:
379:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
275:Hazine-i Amire
272:
270:Hazine-i Hassa
267:
262:
257:
252:
244:
243:
242:Implementation
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
154:Resm-i arusane
151:
146:
141:
136:
134:Muskirat resmi
131:
129:Mururiye resmi
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
89:Cürm-ü cinayet
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
48:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
31:Ottoman Empire
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1209:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1152:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:Miscellaneous
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:Grain of salt
1082:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
964:Brined cheese
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
947:
943:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
739:
735:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
708:In Middlewich
706:
704:
703:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
686:
682:
678:
671:
666:
664:
659:
657:
652:
651:
648:
637:
633:
626:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:
589:
581:
577:
576:
571:
564:
556:
552:
545:
537:
531:
527:
526:
519:
515:
507:
505:
501:
496:
493:
492:Regie Company
488:
484:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
454:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
420:
416:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
385:
384:
382:
381:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Regie Company
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
246:
245:
241:
240:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
204:Rusum-e-eflak
202:
200:
199:Resm-i sicill
197:
195:
192:
190:
189:Resm-i hınzır
187:
185:
182:
180:
179:Resm-i filori
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
164:Resm-i bostan
162:
160:
159:Resm-i bennâk
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
79:Bedl-i askeri
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
51:
50:
49:
45:
44:
40:
36:
35:
32:
28:
25:
24:
19:
1110:Mineral lick
995:and industry
811:Fleur de sel
700:
638:(21): 49–59.
635:
631:
625:
600:
594:
588:
579:
573:
563:
554:
550:
544:
524:
518:
497:
475:
470:
460:
452:
439:
414:
412:
300:Kanun-i Raya
228:
209:Selamet isni
184:Resm-i ganem
174:Resm-i dönüm
99:Gümrük resmi
54:Adet-i Ağnam
1068:In Pakistan
1053:In Cheshire
1012:Salt mining
974:Salted fish
896:Salammoniac
856:Moshio salt
761:Asín tibuok
504:damga resmi
169:Resm-i çift
144:Otlak resmi
94:Damga resmi
74:Bac-i pazar
1186:Categories
1022:Sink works
946:Food usage
836:Kala namak
771:Black lava
723:Salt March
510:References
340:Mütesellim
214:Tapu resmi
149:Rav akçesi
1115:Road salt
1046:By region
1017:Salt well
821:Himalayan
728:Salt road
483:muqata'ah
478:muqata'ah
471:tuz emini
415:Tuz resmi
335:Muqata'ah
305:Kanunname
229:Tuz resmi
1197:Salt tax
1151:Category
1058:In Ghana
993:Commerce
916:Sel gris
911:Seasoned
906:Sea salt
861:Pickling
756:Alberger
487:Tanzimat
423:طوز رسمی
370:Tanzimat
330:Muhassil
325:Muafiyet
315:Merdiban
310:Malikâne
250:Ahidnâme
114:Ispendje
27:Taxation
1077:Culture
959:Salting
954:Brining
931:Truffle
831:Jugyeom
826:Iodised
766:Bittern
691:History
684:History
458:taxes.
433:in the
355:Siyakat
285:Iltizam
224:Temettu
109:Ihtisab
29:in the
1162:Portal
936:Túltul
921:Smoked
846:Kosher
816:Garlic
796:Cyclic
791:Curing
786:Celery
776:Butter
746:Abraum
617:162752
615:
532:
467:Ragusa
442:avariz
365:Tahrir
360:Sürsat
320:Millet
290:Istira
255:Defter
119:Istira
69:Avarız
886:Onion
806:Flake
801:Dairy
751:Alaea
738:Types
613:JSTOR
446:jizya
234:Zakat
139:Nüzül
124:Maktu
104:Haraç
84:Cizye
64:Ashar
46:Taxes
1176:Food
891:Rock
677:Salt
557:(2).
530:ISBN
463:emin
431:salt
413:The
375:Waqf
295:Kadı
280:Hane
260:Emin
1135:Tax
605:doi
461:An
453:and
429:on
427:tax
1188::
634:.
611:.
599:.
578:.
572:.
553:.
473:.
448:,
437:.
421::
1164::
669:e
662:t
655:v
636:6
619:.
607::
601:6
582:.
580:7
555:1
538:.
417:(
402:e
395:t
388:v
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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