35:
427:
The ihtisab seems to mainly have been a "daily opening tax", where
Shopkeepers would pay each day their shop was open (paying nothing if their shop was closed). It was seen as a source of substantial income; people would "buy" the position of ihtisap ağasi from the bey, in order to collect the market
474:
aimed to create a fairer system of taxes based on ability to pay, and which was based on an extensive census across the empire in the 1830s. The new taxes were first introduced in Bursa and
Gallipoli before rollout across the rest of the empire; temettu vergisi was enforced by
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479:, who were salaried government officers rather than feudal lords, although the title ihtisap ağasi was retained; their role in the regulation of commerce evolved into that of a municipal official.
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84:
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124:
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174:
159:
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204:
179:
119:
69:
420:; the muhtasib or ihtisap ağasi - the ihtisab collector - had a broader role in regulating and taxing markets under the authority of the
554:
Kaya, M.İ., 2006. Shops and shopkeepers in the İstanbul İhtisab register of 1092/1681 (Doctoral dissertation, Bilkent
University). p.12
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reforms, the difficulty of enforcing ihtisab led the
Ottoman government to establish a series of monopolies, called
451:(a charge on hallmarks, and stamp duty) was considered to be part of ihtisab. In the early 19th century, before the
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and the earlier establishment of feudal monopolies to collect revenue from other economic activity, such as
34:
315:
255:
616:
Shaw, Stanford (October 1975). "The
Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System".
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Formation of the modern state: the
Ottoman Empire, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries
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ACCOUNTING METHOD USED BY OTTOMANS FOR 500 YEARS: STAIRS (MERDIBAN) METHOD
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were those who could afford to buy their way into the sinecure.
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569:. Syracuse University Press. 2005. p. 97.
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618:International Journal of Middle East Studies
592:Essays in Ottoman-Turkish political history
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16:Tax on merchants in the Ottoman Empire
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595:. Isis Press. 2000. pp. 89–90.
416:was a type of tax on markets in the
462:Ihtisab was eventually replaced by
440:. Hence the only people who became
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531:Great Ottoman Turkish civilization
341:Ottoman Public Debt Administration
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650:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire
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1:
504:. p. 302. Archived from
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470:-era tax reforms in 1839.
630:10.1017/s0020743800025368
428:tax. This was a form of
261:Evkaf-i Hümayun Nezareti
534:. Yeni Türkiye. 2000.
459:, to ease collection
447:In the later empire,
602:978-975-428-163-7
576:978-0-8156-3085-2
541:978-975-6782-17-0
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55:Adet-i deştbani
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624:(4): 421–459.
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125:Mururiye resmi
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85:Cürm-ü cinayet
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27:Ottoman Empire
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185:Resm-i hınzır
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513:. Retrieved
506:the original
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296:Kanun-i Raya
205:Selamet isni
180:Resm-i ganem
170:Resm-i dönüm
104:
95:Gümrük resmi
50:Adet-i Ağnam
457:ved-i vahit
449:damga resmi
430:tax farming
165:Resm-i çift
140:Otlak resmi
90:Damga resmi
70:Bac-i pazar
515:2011-04-20
483:References
336:Mütesellim
210:Tapu resmi
145:Rav akçesi
477:muhassils
472:Mahmut II
442:muhtasibs
331:Muqata'ah
301:Kanunname
225:Tuz resmi
644:Category
468:tanzimat
453:tanzimat
366:Tanzimat
326:Muhassil
321:Muafiyet
311:Merdiban
306:Malikâne
246:Ahidnâme
110:Ispendje
23:Taxation
434:iltizam
414:ihtisap
410:Ihtisab
351:Siyakat
281:Iltizam
220:Temettu
105:Ihtisab
25:in the
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361:Tahrir
356:Sürsat
316:Millet
286:Istira
251:Defter
115:Istira
65:Avarız
509:(PDF)
502:(PDF)
412:, or
230:Zakat
135:Nüzül
120:Maktu
100:Haraç
80:Cizye
60:Ashar
42:Taxes
597:ISBN
571:ISBN
536:ISBN
422:kadı
371:Waqf
291:Kadı
276:Hane
256:Emin
626:doi
424:.
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605:.
579:.
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398:e
391:t
384:v
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