Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency

3780: 3464:, which included plans to rename Kurdish villages that had been given Turkish names, expand the scope of the freedom of expression, restore Turkish citizenship to Kurdish refugees, strengthen local governments, and extend a partial amnesty for PKK fighters. But the plans for the Kurdish initiative where heavily hurt after the DTP was banned by the Turkish constitutional court on 11 December 2009 and its leaders were subsequently put on trial for terrorism. A total of 1,400 DTP members were arrested and 900 detained in the government crackdown against the party. This caused major riots by Kurds all over Turkey and resulted in violent clashes between pro-Kurdish and security forces as well as pro-Turkish demonstrators, which resulted in several injuries and fatalities. On 7 December the PKK launched 4035: 7284: 3169: 197: 1332: 1319: 1299: 1279: 1258: 1237: 1224: 1211: 1191: 1171: 4050:, citing a Turkish security source, from 1984 to 2016, there were 36,345 deaths in the conflict. This included 6,741 civilians, 6,833 security forces (5,347 soldiers, 1,466 village guards and 283 policemen) and over 40 thousand PKK fighters by 2016 in Turkey alone. Among the civilian casualties, till 2012, 157 were teachers. From August 1984 to June 2007, a total of 13,327 soldiers and 7,620 civilians were said to have been wounded. About 2,500 people were said to have been killed between 1984 and 1991, while over 17,500 were killed between 1991 and 1995. The number of murders committed by Village Guards from 1985 to 1996 is put at 296 by official estimates. 263: 6906: 6986: 3506: 733: 185: 658: 7732:

group, according to the publication, published by the Jamestown Foundation. The systematic kidnapping of men, women and even children was at its peak between the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the PKK decided to force every family to send someone to serve their armed wings after the third Congress. Many members who had been kidnapped were described as heroes in Serxwebun, the PKK's monthly magazine, after they were killed in the clashes. Some victims like Esengul Akgul, a child soldier who had been allegedly kidnapped when she was only ten years old in 1990, were described as model 'revolutionary fighters' when they died.

7035:

suspected of illegal activity, Turkish security forces killed suspects in house raids, thus acting as investigator, judge, jury and executioner. Police routinely asserted that such deaths occurred in shoot-outs between police and "terrorists". In many cases, eyewitnesses reported that no firing came from the attacked house or apartment. Reliable reports indicated that while the occupants of raided premises were shot and killed, no police were killed or wounded during the raids. This discrepancy suggests that the killings were summary, extrajudicial executions, in violation of international human rights and humanitarian law.

3998:, who along with 13 other fighters was killed by the Turkish military after crossing into Turkey via Syria several days earlier. Dundar came from a Kurdish nationalist family which claimed his body and held a funeral for him in Nusaybin in which he was brought to the city's main mosque and 5000 people which held a march. On the way back the march turned violent and protesters clashed with the police, during which both sides fired upon each other and many people were injured. A curfew was then placed in Nusaybin, tanks and special forces were brought in and some 700 people were arrested. Riots spread to nearby towns and in 20854: 1448: 513: 3177: 20683: 3530:(BDP) which won 36 seats in the South-East, which was more than the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP), which won only 30 seats in Kurdish areas. However, six of the 36 elected BDP deputies remain in Turkish jails as of June 2011. One of the six jailed deputies, Hatip Dicle, was then stripped of his elected position by the constitutional court, after which the 30 free MPs declared a boycott of Turkish parliament. The PKK intensified its campaign again, in July killing 20 Turkish soldiers in two weeks, during which at least 10 PKK fighters were killed, the most of these occurring in a 1428: 1407: 1151: 362: 20866: 7339:, the organization's leader, demanded the civilians to choose between loyalty to the government and support for the PKK, which reportedly led to a campaign against civilians, doctors, nurses, Kurdish elites, government institutions, schools and even hospitals. Additionally, hundreds of schools were burned and only between 1984 and 1987, more than 217 teachers were murdered. The PKK saw schools as "emblems of Turkish imperialism" that belonged to the "colonial assimilation system" and a justification for the killing of teachers was that they taught Turkish to Kurdish children. 3404:, started on 21 February 2008 and was preceded by an aerial offensive against PKK camps in northern Iraq, which began on 16 December 2007. Between 3,000 and 10,000 Turkish forces took part in the offensive. Around 230 PKK fighters were killed in the ground offensive, while 27 Turkish forces were killed. According to the PKK however, this was completely false and that over 125 Turkish forces were killed, while PKK casualties were in the tens. Smaller scale Turkish operations against PKK bases in Iraqi Kurdistan continued afterwards. On 27 July 2008, Turkey blamed the PKK for 8124:

of which 517 were sentenced to death and fifty were actually hanged. Some 400,000 people were denied passports and 30,000 lost their jobs after the new regime classified them as dangerous. 14,000 people were stripped of their Turkish citizenship and 30,000 fled the country as asylum seekers after the coup. Aside from the fifty people that were hanged, some 366 people died under suspicious circumstances (classified as accidents at the time), 171 were tortured to death in prison, 43 were claimed to have committed suicide in prison and 16 were shot for attempting to escape.

20714: 389: 3392:, manned by a 50-man infantry unit. The outpost was almost overrun and the PKK killed 12, wounded 17 and captured 6 Turkish soldiers which were released later. They then withdrew into Iraqi Kurdistan. The Turkish military killed 32 PKK fighters in hot pursuit operations, after the attack, however this was denied by the PKK. The Turkish military responded by bombing PKK bases on 24 October, which resulted in many camps and caves being destroyed, along with 200 PKK insurgents dying in the process. and started preparing for a major cross-border military operation. 3898: 456: 20695: 1523: 1387: 1366: 1345: 1140: 1129: 1118: 1107: 699: 377: 221: 468: 644: 3301: 6902:

arbitrary arrests, murdered and disappeared Kurdish journalists. The latest judgments are from 2014. According to David L. Philips, more than 1,500 people affiliated with the Kurdish opposition parties and organizations were murdered by unidentified assailants between 1986 and 1996. The government-backed mercenaries assassinated hundreds of suspected PKK sympathizers. The Turkish government is held responsible by Turkish human rights organizations for at least 3,438 civilian deaths in the conflict between 1987 and 2000.

620: 428: 542: 3074:, to prevent the PKK from operating in these villages. Villages which refused to cooperate were evacuated by the military. These tactics managed to drive the rebels from the cities and villages into the mountains, although they still often launched reprisals on pro-government villages, which included attacks on civilians. Turkish armed forces reported that on 26 May 1994, the Turkish Air Force targeted the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants by bombing North Iraq, and killing 79 militants. During 440: 245: 2957:

operation was a decisive victory for Turkey, as the Hakurk Camp was completely destroyed and occupied by Turkish forces, and the 2 captured soldiers were rescued. During this operation, PKK had lost 1,551 of their experienced PKK fighters killed and another 2,600 experienced PKK fighters getting captured, all whom had been trained for multiple years for such attacks. Despite such odds, only 14 Turkish personnel were killed during the operation, boasting a whopping 1:300 casualty rate.

7974:, which prohibits the employment of youth below 18 years old to be recruited. Following repeated reports in the international media about child soldiers in PKK ranks, representatives of Geneva Call visited PKK camps in order to monitor the application of the Deed of Commitment. They visited camps in which youths of the age between sixteen and eighteen would be accepted on a voluntary basis and while being there would stay away from armed conflict and be educated. 7420: 23304: 3674: 23328: 480: 23292: 711: 20727: 401: 554: 8224: 319: 289: 275: 233: 209: 22182: 1087: 1075: 1063: 1051: 1039: 1027: 1015: 1003: 991: 979: 967: 955: 943: 931: 919: 907: 895: 883: 871: 859: 847: 835: 823: 811: 799: 787: 775: 763: 753: 159: 23340: 413: 20537: 7986:, based on Turkish official reports from The Turkish Addiction Monitoring Centre stated that the instability in Iraq had helped the PKK to develop and use Iraq as a transhipment point for heroin. The PKK was reported by this source to collect taxes per kilogram of heroin trafficked to Turkey from the borders of Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq, with potential profits reaching US$ 200 million annually. Another report published by 52: 4434: 6880:, in addition to the 35,000 people killed in military campaigns, 17,500 were assassinated between 1984, when the conflict began, and 1998. An additional 1,000 people were reportedly assassinated in the first nine months of 1999. According to the Turkish press, the authors of these crimes, none of whom have been arrested, belong to groups of mercenaries working either directly or indirectly for the security agencies. 1602: 632: 608: 20884: 3941:, the father noted he believed the hostages were executed, but was only shown a picture of his son's face and was refused seeing his body. He added that during his sons imprisonment he spoke repeatedly to both HDP MPs and Erdoğan to no avail. The Turkish Human Rights Association, which had previously helped return hostages from the PKK, stated their offers to help negotiate were rejected by state officials. 569: 23316: 7040:

Hospital has backed the allegations. Claudia Roth from Germany's Green Party demanded an explanation from the Turkish government. The Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman Selçuk Ünal commented on the issue. He said that he did not need to emphasize that the accusations were groundless. He added that Turkey signed to the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997, and Turkey did not possess chemical weapons.

584: 494: 20946: 20830: 672: 596: 15435: 20842: 7323:. The organization has targeted civilians, doctors, teachers, schools, hospitals, and other government institutions on a mass scale since the 1984, and is responsible for thousands of civilian deaths. The number of total civilian deaths perpetrated by the PKK between 1989 and 1999 was determined as 1,205 by the independent Uppsala One-Sided Violence Dataset. In 1999, a report published by 722: 173: 3070:, causing at least 2 million refugees. Most of these villages were evacuated, but other villages were burned, bombed, or shelled by government forces, and several villages were obliterated from the air. While some were destroyed or evacuated, other villages agreed to join the side of the government. The state offered salaries to local farmers and shepherds to join the 6853:

leading to development and re-design of population settlement schemes across the countryside. According to Dr. Joost Jongerden, Turkish settlement and re-settlement policies during the 1990s period were influenced by two different forces – the desire to expand administration to rural areas and an alternative view of urbanization, allegedly producing "Turkishness".

4079:, 2,400 Kurdish villages were destroyed and 18,000 Kurds were executed. In total up to 3,000,000 people (mainly Kurds) have been displaced by the conflict, an estimated 1,000,000 of which are still internally displaced as of 2009. The Assyrian Minority was heavily affected as well, as now most (50–60 thousand/70,000) of its population is in refuge in Europe. 17132: 3309:

The government claimed that in that same month, some 2,000 Kurdish guerrillas entered Turkey via Iraqi Kurdistan. The PKK, now lacking Syrian government support and the manpower they had in the 1990s, took up new tactics. It reduced the size of its field units from 15 to 20 fighters to teams of 6–8, and avoided direct confrontations, relying more on the use of

2907: 3810:. President Erdogan claimed that between 23 July and late September, 150 Turkish officers and 2,000 Kurdish rebels had been killed. In December 2015, Turkish military operations in the Kurdish regions of southeastern Turkey had killed hundreds of civilians, displaced hundreds of thousands and caused massive destruction in residential areas. According to the 13565: 7031:, extrajudicial killings, and indiscriminate fire. We continue to demand that the Turkish government investigate and hold accountable those members of its security forces responsible for these violations. Nonetheless, under international law, the government abuses cannot under any circumstances be seen to justify or excuse those committed by Ocalan's PKK. 15431: 4007:, the Kurdish new-year celebrations, which at the time were banned. Protests slowed down over the next two weeks as many started to stay home and Turkish forces were ordered not to intervene unless absolutely necessarily but factory sit-ins, go-slows, work boycotts and "unauthorized" strikes were still held although in protest of the state. 3160:. Three Kurdish protestors were shot dead when trying to enter the Israeli consulate in Berlin to protest alleged Israeli involvement in his capture. Although the capture of Öcalan ended a third cease-fire which Öcalan had declared on 1 August 1998, on 1 September 1999 the PKK declared a unilateral cease-fire which would last until 2004. 3051:(to use any and all violent means to solve the Kurdish question), which Özal had opposed, was enacted, and the peace process abandoned. Some journalists and politicians maintain that Özal's death (allegedly by poison), along with the assassination of a number of political and military figures supporting his peace efforts, was part of 2808:, a rival Marxist–Leninist organization. Öcalan strongly criticized the leaders responsible for the guerrilla forces during the early 1980s and threatened others with the death penalty, if they joined rival groups or refused to obey orders. The PKK's military defeats meant they were no closer to their primary goal of an independent 7836:, the leader of the organization, who captured power by brutally suppressing dissent and purging opponents after the PKK's third Congress, consolidated absolute power through a campaign of torture and executions he started against the closest cadres in 1980. Only in 1986, the PKK executed more than sixty of its members, including 8602: 7124:, there have been 940 cases of enforced disappearance since the 1990s. In addition to that, more than 3,248 people who were murdered in extrajudicial killings are believed to have been buried in 253 separate burial places. On 6 January 2011, the bodies of 12 people were found in a mass grave near an old police station in Mutki, 7111:

casualties" were in fact civilians shot by mistake or deliberately killed by security forces. Witness testimony also demonstrates that many of the Turkish government's denials of wrong-doing by the Turkish security forces are fabrications manufactured by soldiers or officials somewhere along the government's chain of command.

3362:. These bombings were condemned by the PKK, which declared its fifth cease-fire on 1 October 2006, which lessened the intensity of the conflict. Minor clashes continued due to Turkish military operations. In total, the conflict claimed over 500 lives in 2006. 2006 also saw the PKK assassinate one of their former commanders, 3489:

dialogue and threatened to declare independence if this demand was not met. Turkish forces had killed 187 and captured 160 PKK members by 14 July, and killed another 227 by the end of the year. By 27 July, Turkish news sources reported the deaths of 72 security forces, which exceeded the 2009 toll. On 12 August, however, a

3128:

Northern Iraq with just 114 casualties. Another turning point in the conflict came in 1998, when, after political pressure and military threats from the Turkish government against Syria, the PKK's leader, Abdullah Öcalan, was forced to leave Syria, where he had been in exile since September 1980. He first went to

13562: 8590: 2708:. During this congress, the 25 people present decided to found the Kurdistan Workers' Party. The Turkish state, Turkish rightist groups, and some Kurdish landowners continued their attacks on the group. In response, the PKK organised and armed members to protect itself, thus becoming more involved in the 7943:

According to the TEPAV think-tank which did research on the identities of 1,362 PKK fighters who lost their lives between 2001 and 2011, 42% of the recruits were under 18, with over a quarter of these being under 15 years of age at the time of recruiting. The organization is still actively recruiting

7331:

only between 1992 and 1995. The organization had also reportedly committed 25 massacres between 1992 and 1995, killing 360 innocent people, including 39 women and 76 children. According to Nil Satana, the author of the Kurdish Issue in June 2011 Elections, PKK attacks on civilians persisted until the

7160:

reported the vile practice of torture by security forces in Turkey. The victims of torture interviewed by Helsinki Watch had revealed the systematic practice of torture against detainees in police custody. Sixteen people had died in suspicious circumstances in police custody, ten of them Kurds in the

7147:

The Stockholm Center for Freedom (SCF) documented eleven cases since 2016 in which people have been abducted by men identifying themselves as police officers. It appears to be mostly in the Turkish capital of Ankara as victims are forced into transit vans. Family members were unable to find out their

7110:

Based on B.G.'s statement and substantial additional evidence, Human Rights Watch believes that the official government casualty estimates severely misrepresent the true number of civilians slain by government forces. It is likely that many of the persons referred to in the official estimates as "PKK

6852:

During the 1990s, a predominantly Kurdish-dominated Eastern and South-Eastern Turkey (Kurdistan) was depopulated due to the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. Turkey depopulated and destroyed rural settlements on a large scale, resulting in massive resettlement of a rural Kurdish population in urban areas and

7930:

On 25 July 2018, Mevlüt Bengi, a father of 6 children, was executed and tied to an electricity tower by guerrillas, who reportedly justified the execution by accusing him of being a collaborator with the AK Party, which he had served as an election observer at the ballot boxes in his district during

7861:

Many governors and other politicians of AK Party in Kurdish inhabited cities were threatened with death and forced to resign by the PKK, while many politicians who refused to resign were executed and assassinated. Only between August 2016 and October 2016, 6 AK Party politicians were murdered by the

7542:

In September 1995, the PKK members raided on a mine in the Seldiren village, executing nine miners and wounding two. According to the authorities, the PKK members had threatened the miners to bring food before executing them for unknown reasons. The organization later claimed the

7143:

During the 1990s and onward Turkish security services have detained Kurds, in some cases they were never seen again with only eyewitnesses coming forward to tell the story. In 1997, Amnesty International (AI) reported that disappearances and extrajudicial executions had emerged as new and disturbing

6921:

In November 1992, the Turkish gendarmerie officers forced the leader of the Kelekçi village to evacuate all of the inhabitants, before shooting at them and their houses with heavy weapons. The soldiers set up fire to nine houses and forced all villagers to flee. Later soldiers burned the rest of the

4065:

have accused each other of civilian deaths. Since the 1970s, the European Court of Human Rights has condemned Turkey for the thousands of human rights abuses against Kurdish people. The judgments are related to systematic executions of Kurdish civilians, torturing, forced displacements, thousands of

2689:, and other cities to make the public aware of the group's activities. This was followed by a Turkish government crackdown against the organisation. On 18 May 1977, Haki Karer was assassinated in Antep. During this period, the group was also targeted by the Turkish ultranationalist organization, the 2525:

or murder of Kurdish journalists, activists and politicians. Teachers who provided and students who demanded education in Kurdish language were prosecuted and sentenced for supporting terrorism of the PKK. On the other hand, the PKK has faced international condemnation, mainly by Turkish allies, for

8395:

The Suleymanlar saw these leftists as a threat to the existing order, while the Kurdistan Revolutionaries viewed oppressive, landowning tribes like the Suleymanlar as much the enemy as the state itself... In Hilvan, the Suleymanlar tribe renewed their attacks on the PKK, kidnapping and killing six

8123:

According to official figures, in the period during and after the coup, military agencies collected files on over 2 million people, 650,000 of which were detained, 230,000 of which were put on trial under martial law. Prosecutors demanded the death penalty against over 7 thousand of them,

7990:

in the same year stated the organization is actively involved in money laundering, illicit drugs and human trafficking, as well as illegal immigration inside and outside the EU for funding and running its activities, without citing any official source or specific investigation by justice or police.

7170:

reported that the rape and torture of Kurdish prisoners in Turkey are disturbingly commonplace. According to the report, published by Amnesty International in 2003, Hamdiye Aslan, a prisoner accused of supporting the Kurdish group, the PKK, had been detained in Mardin Prison, south-east Turkey, for

7115:

Shooting and killing peaceful demonstrators was one of the methods the security forces used to spread fear. In 1992, the security forces killed more than 103 demonstrators, 93 of them during the celebration of Newroz in three Kurdish cities. No security force member was ever charged with any of the

7034:

The Kurdish Workers Party (PKK), a separatist group that espouses the use of violence for political ends, continues to wage guerrilla warfare in the southeast, frequently in violation of international humanitarian law, or the laws of war. Instead of attempting to capture, question and indict people

6951:

planes (F-16's) and a helicopter circled two villages and bombed them, killing 38 Kurdish civilians. The Turkish authorities blamed the PKK and took pictures of the dead children and spread in the press. The European Court of Human rights condemned Turkey to pay 2,3 million euros to the families of

6929:

soldiers. The Turkish authorities initially blamed the PKK and refused to investigate the case until it was opened again 17 years later. The investigations eventually came to an end in late 2014 with sentences of life imprisonment for three gendarme officers, a member of the special forces and nine

4019:

arrested. According to Governor of Şırnak, Mustafa Malay, the violence was caused by 500 to 1,500 armed rebels which he alleged, entered the town during the festival. However, he conceded that "the security forces did not establish their targets properly and caused great damage to civilian houses."

3382:

killed seven soldiers and wounded six at a military base. Tensions across the Iraqi border also started playing up as Turkish forces entered Iraq several times in pursuit of PKK fighting and In June, as 4 soldiers were killed by landmines, large areas of Iraqi Kurdistan were shelled which damaged 9

3308:

In September 2003, the PKK declared an end to its cease-fire, but waited until mid-2004 before going on the offensive again. In June 2004, the PKK resumed its armed activities because they claimed the Turkish government was ignoring their calls for negotiations and was still attacking their forces.

9125:

The conflict has yielded a high death toll... of which 5478 were civilians, and 6764 were security personnel... 26,774 PKK militants were killed, another 922 were injured, 6727 were captured, and 4781 surrendered between 1984 and 2013... Fatality and casualty figures are extracted from the Turkish

7359:

reports in 1997, the PKK has tortured and killed Kurdish peasants and its own members that were against them in the 1980s. Dozens of Kurdish civilians have been abducted and killed because they were suspected of being collaborators or informers. According to a 1996 report by Amnesty International,

7342:

In the early 1990s, the organization allegedly began to bomb civilian targets and commit massacres against innocent civilians after the government refused to negotiate. According to Jessica Stanton, an associate professor in the global policy area, the shift in PKK tactics was a direct response to

7119:

In the early 1990s, hundreds of people had disappeared after they had been taken into custody by security forces. Only in 1992, more than 450 people had been reportedly killed. Among those killed were journalists, teachers, doctors, human rights activists and political leaders. The security forces

3959:

In May 2022, while calls for Finland and Sweden were made to join the NATO alliance, Turkey opposed their adhesion unless these countries crack down on local Kurdish and Gulenist networks. The move has been commented as a political card to distract from ongoing economic crisis in Turkey and better

3544:

October and November, such as the six PJAK fighters killed in Çukurca on 28 October. On 19 October, twenty-six Turkish soldiers were killed and 18 injured in 8 simultaneous PKK attacks in Cukurca and Yuksekova, in Hakkari provieen 10,000 and 15,000 full-time, which is the highest it has ever been.

3234:

From 2003 to 2004 there was a power struggle inside the KONGRA-GEL between a reformist wing which wanted the organisation to disarm completely and a traditionalist wing which wanted the organisation to resume its armed insurgency once again. The conservative wing of the organisation won this power

3211:

Offers by the PKK for negotiations were ignored by the Turkish government, which claimed that the KONGRA-GEL continued to carry out armed attacks in the 1999–2004 period, although not on the same scale as before September 1999. They also blame the KONGRA-GEL for Kurdish riots which happened during

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was done in May 1997 and over fifty thousand Turkish soldiers and ten thousand village guards took part in the operation. The operation was successful as the Turkish military killed over 3,000 insurgents and captured more than 400 in just two months and destroyed almost all of the Kurdish camps in

2888:

In 1990, during the fourth Congress, the PKK ended its unpopular conscription policy. The organization's attempts to take into the account the demands and criticism of its support base had helped it to increase its popularity. According to Stanton, the PKK's improved relationship with its civilian

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conscience adopted a specific interpretation of progressism, a trend of thought which emphasizes the human ability to make, improve and reshape human society, relying on science, technology and experimentation. This notion of social evolution was used to support and justify policies of population

4053:

Contrary to the newest estimate, earlier figures by the Turkish military put the number of PKK casualties much higher, with 26,128 PKK dead by June 2007, and 29,704 by March 2009. Between the start of the second insurgency in 2004, and March 2009, 2,462 PKK militants were claimed killed. However,

3580:

heavy machine guns and rocket launchers on high ground to ambush Turkish motorized units that would be sent to re-take the town. However the Turkish army avoided the trap by destroying the heavy weapons from the air and using long range artillery to root out the PKK. The Turkish military declared

3543:

against the PJAK in Northern Iraq, which resulted in a cease-fire on 29 September. After the cease-fire the PJAK withdrew its forces from Iran and joined with the PKK to fight Turkey. Turkish counter-terrorism operations reported a sharp increase of Iranian citizens among the insurgents killed in

2884:

personality of Öcalan, who had brutally suppressed dissent and purged opponents since the early 1980s. According to David L. Philips, up to sixty PKK members were executed in 1986, including Mahsum Korkmaz, who he believes was murdered on 28 March 1986. Between the 1980 and 1990, the organization

7731:

In its early stages, some PKK members and groups systematically recruited children, men and women by kidnapping them. This forced families whose children were already a member of the organization to cooperate and thus turning them into accomplices, which increased the number of women joining the

4069:

According to the Los Angeles Times, 4,000 villages have been destroyed since the beginning of the uprising, in which U.S. Government, who supports the PKK, accused the Turkish Military for the forced evacuation of between 380,000 and 1,000,000 Kurdish villagers from their homes According to the

3844:

in northeastern Turkey. According to news reports, a roadside bomb exploded, targeting a Gendarmerie vehicle. HDBH claimed responsibility for the attack on May 8, stating that three gendarmes died in the attack, as well as the Base Commander, who was the intended target. the Joint Command of the

7039:

Turkish–Kurdish human rights activists in Germany accused Turkey of using chemical weapons against PKK. Hans Baumann, a German expert on photo forgeries, investigated the authenticity of the photos and claimed that the photos were authentic. A forensics report released by the Hamburg University

3480:

On 1 May 2010 the PKK declared an end to its cease-fire, launching an attack in Tunceli that killed four and injured seven soldiers. On 31 May, Abdullah Öcalan declared an end to his attempts at re-approachment and establishing dialogue with the Turkish government, leaving PKK top commanders in

2956:

personnel, with the support of helicopters, assaulted the PKK's heavily defended Hakurk Region, which had well over 10,000 experienced PKK fighters, including the surrounding areas. Despite lacking resources and manpower and being heavily outnumbered, outgunned, and encircled, the result of the

7089:

Kurds in Turkey have been killed, tortured and disappeared at an appalling rate since the coalition government of Prime Minister Suleyman Demirel took office in November 1991. In addition, many of their cities have been brutally attacked by security forces, hundreds of their villages have been

4018:

not to attack the protest. In the heavy violence that ensued during that year's Nowroz protest some 55 people were killed, mainly in Şırnak (26 killed), Cizre (29 killed) and Nusaybin (14 killed) and it included a police officer and a soldier. Over 200 people were injured and another 200 were

3707:

On 6 and 7 October 2014, riots erupted in various cities in Turkey for protesting the Siege of Kobane. The Kurds accused the Turkish government of supporting ISIS and not letting people send support for Kobane Kurds. Protesters were met with tear gas and water cannons. 37 people were killed in

3649:

newspaper and finally, the bombings of the Justice Ministry of Turkey and Erdoğan's office at the Ak Party headquarters in Ankara. However, both parties vehemently condemned all three events as they occurred and stated that they were determined anyway. Finally on 21 March 2013, after months of

6901:

Since the 1970s, the European Court of Human Rights has condemned Turkey for thousands of human rights abuses against Kurdish people. The judgments are related to systematic executions of Kurdish civilians, forced recruitments, torturing, forced displacements, thousands of destroyed villages,

3488:

Another major attack in Hakkari occurred on 20 July 2010, killing six and wounding seventeen Turkish soldiers, with one PKK fighter being killed. The next day, Murat Karayilan, the leader of the PKK, announced that the PKK would lay down its arms if the Kurdish issue would be resolved through

3212:

the period. The PKK argues that all of its military activity during this period was defensive, as the Turkish military launched some 700 raids against their bases, including in Northern Iraq. Despite the KONGRA-GEL cease-fire, other groups continued their armed activities. For example, the

7008:

stated that more than 150 civilians had been killed in Cizre. According to Amnesty International, the curfews had been imposed in more than 19 different towns and districts, putting the lives of hundreds of thousands of people at risk. Additionally, the report stated that the government's

3337:

In March 2006 heavy fighting broke out around Diyarbakir between the PKK and Turkish security forces, as well as large riots because of "local anger over high unemployment, poverty and Ankara's reluctance to grant more autonomy to the mainly Kurdish region". The army closed the roads to

3387:

in the Gabar mountains, killing 15 commandos and injuring three, which made it the deadliest PKK attack since the 1990s. In response a law was passed allowing the Turkish military to take action inside Iraqi territory. Then on 21 October 2007, 150–200 militants attacked an outpost, in

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changed the geopolitical dynamics in the region. Apart from Özal, himself half-Kurdish, few Turkish politicians were interested in a peace process, nor was more than a part of the PKK itself. In February 1991, during the presidency of Özal, the prohibition of Kurdish music was ended.

15495: 2848:, were growing internal conflict and the organization's inability to stop it. According to Michael Gunter, Öcalan, even before this time, had already carried out a purge of many rival PKK members, who were tortured and forced to confess they were traitors before being executed. 2550:. The organization is historically to blame for the burning of schools and killing of teachers who they accused of "destroying Kurdish identity", attacks on hospitals which resulted in the death of doctors and nurses, and allegedly the kidnapping of foreign tourists for ransom. 7080:

against the Kurdish citizens in the Kurdish dominated southeast region of Turkey. Since the early 1980s, the authorities have systematically used arbitrary arrests, executions of suspects, excessive force, and torture to suppress the opponents. In 1993, the report published by

3693:. According to the Turkish government and the Kurds and most of the press, this move marks the end of 30-year-old conflict. Second phase which includes constitutional and legal changes towards the recognition of human rights of the Kurds starts simultaneously with withdrawal. 7043:

In response to the activities of the PKK, the Turkish government placed Southeastern Anatolia, where citizens of Kurdish descent are in the majority, under military rule. The Turkish Army and the Kurdish village guards loyal to it have abused Kurdish civilians, resulting in

2793:. Kemal Pir died on September 7, M. Hayri Durmuş on the 12th, Akif Yılmaz on the 15th, and Ali Çiçek on the 17th. On April 13, 1984, a 75-day hunger strike started in Istanbul. As a result, four prisoners—Abdullah Meral, Haydar Başbağ, Fatih Ökütülmüş, and Hasan Telci—died. 3325:. Another change in PKK tactics was that the organisation no longer attempted to control any territory, not even after dark. Violence increased throughout 2004 and 2005 during which the PKK was blamed for dozens of bombings in Western Turkey throughout 2005, including the 2835:

The decisions that were taken during the third Congress transformed the PKK from a Leninist organization into one in which power was more concentrated, as Öcalan accrued more Önderlik (leadership). Some of the reasons why Öcalan took power from the other leaders, such as

3224:(Kurdish Hezbollah), arresting 3,300 Hizbullah members in 2000, compared to 130 in 1998, and killing the group's leader Hüseyin Velioğlu on 13 January 2000. During this phase of the war at least 145 people were killed during fighting between the PKK and security forces. 3964:

in Madrid, the Turkish delegation dropped their opposition to Finland and Sweden's NATO membership applications and signed a tripartite memorandum addressing Turkey's concerns regarding arms exports and the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. On 30 June 2022, Turkish President

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at 08:30 that morning. The HBDH report is consistent in time and location to an attack reported by Doğan News Agency, in which "unknown assailants" fired on a police checkpoint. This report states that 3 officers were killed and 5 were injured, along with a civilian.

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has claimed responsibility for several more attacks in the region, primarily targeting Turkish soldiers or gendarmes. The tactics employed by the alliance are very similar to those used by the PKK. The most notable attack came on 19 July 2016, just 4 days after the

2596:. With the resumption of violence, hundreds of Kurdish civilians have been killed by both sides and numerous human rights violations have occurred, including torture and widespread destruction of property. Substantial parts of many Kurdish-majority cities including 3517:

The cease-fire was revoked early, on 28 February 2011. Soon afterwards three PKK fighters were killed while trying to get into Turkey through northern Iraq. In May, counter-insurgency operations left 12 PKK fighters and 5 soldiers dead. This then resulted in major

3497:, despite alleging that Turkey had launched over 80 military operations against them during this period. Despite the truce, the PKK responded to these military operations by launching retaliatory attacks in Siirt and Hakkari provinces, killing 12 Turkish soldiers. 6797:*: Most of Turkey's Operation Euphrates Shield combats were between TSK & TFSA against IS on one side, and between YPG against IS on the other, while the Turkish forces and US-allied YPG avoided full scale clashed. Turkey strategic objective was to prevent 7852:

The PKK executed many of its members. The revolutionaries I knew, whom I trusted, were shot. Many people, regardless of whether they were women or children, were killed in the country. Öcalan wanted to be accepted through violence. Many people were killed in

3485:, killing 7 and wounding 6 soldiers. On 18 and 19 June, heavy fighting broke out that resulted in the death of 12 PKK fighters, 12 Turkish soldiers and injury of 17 Turkish soldiers, as the PKK launched three separate attacks in Hakkari and Elazig provinces. 2780:

burned himself to death on March 21, 1982, in protest at the treatment in prison. Ferhat Kurtay, Necmi Önen, Mahmut Zengin and Eşref Anyık followed his example on May 17. On July 14, PKK members Kemal Pir, M. Hayri Durmuş, Ali Çiçek and Akif Yılmaz started a

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against Kurdish rebels, striking 132 targets. Turkish military bombed PKK targets in northern Iraq in six days of air raids, according to General Staff, where 90–100 PKK Soldiers were killed, and at least 80 injured. From July to September Iran carried out

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to assassinate between 2,500 and 5,000 members of and businessmen accused of supporting the PKK. Later on, state officials used the organizations to collect profits from the heroin trade, an industry larger than the state budget at the time. In 2021, the

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On 1 January 1995, PKK guerrillas carried out a massacre in the Hamzali neighborhood of Kulp in Diyarbakir, killing 1 village guard and more than 20 civilians, mainly women and children. The memorial has been created for the victims in the neighborhood.

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was killed. More than 33 Kurdish journalists working for different newspapers were killed between 1990 and 1995. The killings of Kurdish journalists had started after the pro-Kurdish press had started to publish the first daily newspaper by the name of

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recorded 25,825–30,639 casualties to date, 22,729–25,984 of which having died during the first insurgency, 368–467 during the cease-fire and 2,728–4,188 during the second insurgency. Casualties from 1989 to 2011, according to the UCDP are as following:

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and a crackdown which was launched on all political organisations, during which at least 191 people were killed and half a million were imprisoned, most of the PKK withdrew into Syria and Lebanon. Öcalan went to Syria in September 1980 with Kemal Pir,

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formed the new leadership committee of the organisation. The new administration decided to restart the insurgency, because they claimed that without guerillas the PKK's political activities would remain unsuccessful. This came as the pro-Kurdish

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claimed that 13 soldiers and police officers, who had been held hostage by the PKK since 2015 and 2016, were executed during an attempted rescue operation. Erdoğan blamed the United States and Kurdish politicians for the failed operation, while

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reported that the Turkish government airstrikes killed eight residents and injured at least eight others – including a child – in a flagrantly unlawful attack on the village of Zergele, in the Kandil Mountains in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

8576:, "Zaza, Alevi and Dersimi as Deliberately Embraced Ethnic Identities" in '"Aslını İnkar Eden Haramzadedir!" The Debate on the Ethnic Identity of The Kurdish Alevis' in Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, Barbara Kellner-Heinkele, Anke Otter-Beaujean, 7148:

locations from the state, indicating that they were detained secretly or by clandestine groups. In a case where one was finally located after 42 days missing, he was tortured for days, forced to sign a confession and handed over to police.

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accused Erdoğan of being responsible for the deaths. The PKK claimed the hostages were killed by Turkish airstrikes during the operation. The father of one deceased hostage Semih Özbey was summoned to identify his son, and according to the

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In April 2005, KONGRA-GEL changed its name back to PKK. Because not all of the KONGRA-GEL's elements accepted this, the organisation has also been referred to as the New PKK. The KONGRA-GEL has since become the Legislative Assembly of the

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The Turkish military responded with a ferocious counterinsurgency campaign that led to the deaths of nearly 40,000 people, most of them Turkish Kurdish civilians, and the displacement of more than three million Kurds from southeastern

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Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East: Collected Papers of the International Symposium "Alevism in Turkey and Comparable Sycretistic Religious Communities in the Near East in the Past and Present" Berlin, 14-17 April

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against the PKK in Iraq to prevent further border station ambushes conducted by the PKK. A force of 35,000 personnel (in which most were there for pulling security, a very small portion took part in the actual fighting) went into

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In 1995, a fifty-two year old woman claimed that Turkish soldiers killed her husband and her husbands brother and took pictures of their corpses with weapons. She said that the two killed people were laughed upon as PKK members.

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On 25 October 1996, a suicide bombing was carried out when a PKK member detonated the explosives she had with her in front of Adana Riot Control Police Directorate, killing 5 people including a civilian and injuring 18 others.

3220:(TAK) were formed during this period by radical KONGRA-GEL commanders dissatisfied with the cease-fire. The period after the capture of Öcalan was used by the Turkish government to launch major crackdown operations against the 17086:"On the eve of Nowruz festivals…Afrin witnesses arrests against its residents by the factions of "Olive Branch" on charge of celebrating and setting fire in the festival's anniversary - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights" 14952: 2764:

to start an armed guerilla war there for the creation of an independent Kurdish state. Meanwhile, they prepared guerrilla forces in Syria and Lebanon to go to war. However, many PKK leaders were arrested in Turkey and sent to

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In 1977, an assembly was held to evaluate these political activities. The assembly included 100 people from different backgrounds and several representatives of other leftist organisations. In spring 1977, Öcalan travelled to

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Between 1992 and 1995, PKK carried out 768 extrajudicial executions, mostly of civil servants and teachers, political opponents, off-duty police officers and soldiers, and those deemed by the PKK to be "state supporters".

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In late March 2006, the Turkish security forces who tried to prevent the funerals of the PKK fighters clashed with the demonstrators, killing at least eight Kurdish protesters, including four children under the age of 10.

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When it started small-scale attacks in 1978, the PKK... deliberately targeted a number of influential clan leaders, especially those affiliated with right-wing political parties, to underline the class dimension of its

5927: 2804:. Issues raised included lack of discipline, growing internal criticism, and splinter groups within the organization. This had led the organisation to execute some internal critics, especially ex-members who had joined 2505:

did not begin until 15 August 1984, when the PKK announced a Kurdish uprising. Since the conflict began, more than 40,000 have died, the vast majority of whom were Kurdish civilians. Both sides were accused of numerous

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As Human Rights Watch has often reported and condemned, Turkish government forces have, during the conflict with the PKK, also committed serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, including

3192:, and in February 2000 they declared the formal end of the war. After this, the PKK said it would switch its strategy to using peaceful methods to achieve their objectives. In April 2002, the PKK changed its name to 12098: 11379: 5769: 4074:

some 5,000 Turkish civilians and 35,000 Kurdish civilians have been killed, 17,000 Kurdish civilians have disappeared and 119,000 Kurdish civilians have been imprisoned as a result of the conflict. According to the

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of predominantly Kurdish areas in Turkey's East and South-East were also bound in the early ideas and policies of modern Turkish nationalism, going back to as early as 1918 to the manifesto of Turkish nationalist

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On 12 February 2006, PKK's former representative of Europe, Kani Yılmaz was assassinated by PKK via a bomb that was put into his car. Yılmaz was burned to death in the car with a former PKK militant Sabri Tori.

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stated that the PKK's policy of forced recruitment by kidnapping has dramatically increased since the 1994. The organization has used the policy to offset its heavy losses since the early days of the conflict.

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destroyed villages, arbitrary arrests, murdered and disappeared Kurdish journalists, politicians and activists. Turkey has been also condemned for killing Kurdish civilians and blaming the PKK in the ECHR.

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All economic, political, military, security institutions, formations and nationalist organizations—and those who serve in them—have become targets. PKK has attacked Turkish authorities outside of Kurdish

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over 15,000 people, constituting about half the town's population took part in riots in which five people were killed, 80 injured and 155 arrested. Widespread riots took place throughout the Southeast on

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keeps track of casualties linked to the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. The data about PKK casualties are limited to proper Turkey, and does not include casualties from preemptive operations in Syria or Iraq.

3200:), claiming the PKK had fulfilled its mission and would now move on as purely political organisation. In October 2003 the KADEK announced its dissolution and declared the creation of a new organisation: 9958: 7409:

On 10 June 1990, a group of guerrillas raided on Çevrimli village in Şırnak's Güçlükonak district, killing more than 27 people, most of them women and children. The event is known as Çevrimli massacre.

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The PKK is against Turkish political parties, cultural and educational institutions, legislative and representative bodies, and "all local collaborators and agents working for the Republic of Turkey".

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operation was ended successfully on 11 August, claiming to have killed 115 guerrillas and lost only six soldiers and two village guards. On 20 August, eight people were killed and 66 wounded by a

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Through the cease-fire years 2000–2003, some 711 people were killed, according to the Turkish government. The Uppsala Conflict Data Program put casualties during these years at 368 to 467 killed.

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stated the Turkish authorities had beaten and punched detainees, using sexual violence, including rape and threat of rape. In some cases, the detainees were photographed nude and threatened with

2952:, as a counter-attack to the numerous station ambushes and to rescue 2 Turkish soldiers who had been captured by the PKK, between 9 October and 1 November against the PKK. 2,512 commandos and 36 1336: 15207: 14451: 21518: 21513: 7956:

have confirmed the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the organization and its armed wings since the 1990s. The organization is also believed to have used the children in the drug trade.

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to cities. The Government claimed that the displacement policy aimed to remove the shelter and support of the local population and consequently, the population of cities such as Diyarbakır and

2816:

had tarnished the organization's image. During the Congress, the leaders decided to advance the armed struggle, increase the number of fighters, and dissolve the HRK, which was replaced by the

2181: 2176: 14636: 13856: 11540: 20809: 20773: 14516: 8235:|title=Increasing tensions see resurgence of Turkey's far-right street movements |last=MacDonald |first=Alex |date=14 September 2015 |publisher=Middle East Eye |access-date=7 December 2016 }} 3708:

protests. During these protests, there were deadly clashes between PKK and Hizbullah sympathizers. 3 soldiers were killed by PKK in January 2015, as a sign of rising tensions in the country.

2577:. Fighting resumed the same year. In 2013, the Turkish government started talks with Öcalan. Following mainly secret negotiations, a largely successful ceasefire was put in place by both the 17025: 16015: 11769: 10357: 9039: 14870: 5799: 13673: 8601:

Martin van Bruinessen, "Zaza, Alevi and Dersimi as Deliberately Embraced Ethnic Identities" in '"Aslını İnkar Eden Haramzadedir!" The Debate on the Ethnic Identity of The Kurdish Alevis',

7690:(HPG), claimed that the truck was driven by members of the HPG, but that the explosives should have detonated elsewhere and the truck only detonated as villagers opened fire on the truck. 2517:

has condemned Turkey for thousands of human rights abuses. Many judgments are related to the systematic executions of Kurdish civilians, torture, forced displacements, destroyed villages,

20785: 20767: 8253: 14468: 14251: 12352: 22054: 15259: 8777: 2817: 17799: 8640: 2988:, Lebanon, Öcalan stated that the PKK no longer sought a separate state, but peace, dialogue, and free political action for Kurds in Turkey within the framework of a democratic state. 21220: 15016: 14960: 10835: 2295: 1662: 20310: 17469:"Unjust, Restrictive, and Inconsistent: The Impact of Turkey's Compensation Law with Respect to Internally Displaced People: Impact of the ECtHR on provisions for Turkey's displaced" 13917: 13067: 7443:

On 22 June 1992, a group of PKK members killed fourteen villagers, nine of them children, and wounded eight others in raids on the houses of village guards in the village of Seki in

21543: 17639:"Refworld | Turkey: Status of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and Turkish Hezbollah; situation and treatment of members, supporters and sympathizers of these parties (2006–2007)" 14422: 7906:

On 17 July 1987, 5 people were executed by PKK in Şırnak Province. Serxwebûn, a publication of the PKK announced the executions and stated that executed people were all "traitors".

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where 42 civilians were killed by State Forces during anti-government protests by Kurdish groups throughout Turkey. The protesters denouncing Ankara position during Islamic State's

2206: 19560: 13041: 7998:(OFAC) announced the designation of Zeyneddin Geleri, Cerkez Akbulut (a.k.a. Cernit Murat), and Omer Boztepe as three Moldovan-based specially designated narcotics traffickers for 21548: 21523: 20743: 5739: 2211: 2186: 22059: 20803: 20519: 14392: 13289: 10754: 7224: 7175: 3526:(BDP), during these protests 2 people were killed, 308 injured and 2,506 arrested by Turkish authorities. The 12 June elections saw a historical performance for the pro-Kurdish 3424:, at night. 17 Turkish soldiers were killed and 20 were injured, meanwhile 123 PKK fighters were killed during the fighting. On 10 November, the Iranian Kurdish insurgent group 1684: 15922: 12239: 8867: 7825:

which is developed by the U.S. Department of State for counter-terrorism. The program lists the names and information of the most wanted US designated terrorists in the world.

19406: 17216: 16173: 15984: 15665: 13695: 12190: 8494: 6849:. It created a complex pattern of interaction between state of society, in which the regime favored its people in a distant geography, populated by locals marked as hostile. 20492: 16744: 15699: 15124: 8815: 7098:, the authorities even executed the Kurdish civilians and took the pictures of their corpses with the weapons, they carried for staging the events, in order to show them as 18209: 17285: 11340: 8946: 20938: 19153: 15176: 14666: 11267: 8006:. According to the OFAC, Zeyneddin Geleri was identified as a high-ranking member of the PKK while two others were reportedly just PKK activists. The OFAC stated that the 7935:. The HPG released a statement that it has killed Mevlüt Bengi, but for having caused serious harm to the Kurdish movement, and not for being a member of a certain party. 3205: 16074: 15740: 12735: 9799: 3452:, after Abdullah Öcalan called on them to end military operations and prepare for peace. The following day the Turkish authorities arrested 53 Kurdish politicians of the 15285: 13826: 12797: 12376: 9699: 9253: 7840:, who is believed to have been murdered during the clashes on 28 March 1986. The organization also targeted the defectors and assassinated at least eight of them in the 19494: 16529: 15944: 11660: 11426: 8283: 21735: 15838: 11836:"Between integration, autonomization and radicalization. Hamit Bozarslan on the Kurdish Movement and the Turkish Left. Interview by Marlies Casier and Olivier Grojean" 8699: 7909:

On 31 July 1987, Serxwebûn announced that PKK executed Hıdır Kılıçaslan in Kuyubaşı hamlet of Akören village in Hozat and accused him of being an "ungrained traitor".

5957: 2262: 1634: Casualty estimates from the Turkish government after 2015 include those from the Syrian civil war. Turkish figures for casualties have been called into question. 15345: 15042: 12549: 11603: 4014:. Most notably in 1992, when thousands of protesters clashed with security forces all over the country and where the army allegedly disobeyed an order from President 17827:"Dışişleri'nden 'kimyasal silah' iddialarına ret haberi Siyaset haberleri Haber7 haber7.com – Güncel Haberler, Son dakika haberleri – Bu noktada haber var" 16817: 15154: 9769: 8725: 21119: 19538: 17741: 17408: 14817: 14752: 11090: 3015:. The president's death on 17 April led to the postponement of that meeting, and the plans were never presented. A Turkish army attack on the PKK on 19 May 1993 in 2498:, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life until 1991. Many who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned. 1730: 25449: 24585: 22133: 20485: 15870: 15543: 15068: 13100: 13016: 10148: 9476: 9023: 8039: 6141: 15323: 13537: 12692: 9537: 8526: 24326: 23184: 18240: 14165: 2857: 17003: 14143: 11793: 10175: 9626: 8618: 7494:

On 21 October 1993, a group of PKK members killed 22 people, including 13 children in the yard of the school in Siirt. The incident is called Derince massacre.

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and since then until 2012 according to multiple analysis' of the data of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey and Turkish Gendarmerie were as following:

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strategies between 1992 and 1995. To deprive the rebels of a logistical base of operations and punish local people supporting the PKK, the military carried out

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According to a 1996 report by Amnesty International, "in January 1996 the government announced that the PKK had massacred 11 men near the remote village of

3107:

groups organized several peace initiatives in support of a solution to the conflict. But in May 1996, there was an attempt to assassinate Abdullah Öcalan in

12416: 11817: 8464: 25176: 25076: 23501: 21469: 19698: 16365: 15521: 15245: 9374: 8996: 3115:. The PKK announced the end of the unilateral ceasefire on 16 August 1996, stating that it was still ready for peace negotiations as a political solution. 2880:, a high-ranking commander, likely died as a result of internal conflicts and described the perpetrators as "gangs". Leaked reports, however, revealed the 2853: 25479: 20082: 19833: 16923: 16331: 15457: 14576: 12937: 12828: 12165: 7090:

forcibly evacuated, their ethnic identity continues to be attacked, their rights to free expression denied and their political freedom placed in jeopardy.

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published a report condemning the Turkish government for carrying out systematic executions, displacing civilians, and raping and torturing detainees in

7120:

usually denied to have detained the victims but sometimes they claimed that they had released the victims after "holding them briefly". According to the

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Some of the most extensively damaged sites are Nusaybin, Derik and Dargeçit (Mardin); Sur, Bismil and Dicle (Diyarbakır); and Cizre and Silopi (Şırnak).

10119: 9154: 9068: 2697:. Some wealthy Kurdish landowners targeted the group as well, killing Halil Çavgun on 18 May 1978, which resulted in large protest meetings in Erzurum, 24443: 24438: 24375: 24370: 21249: 20950: 20779: 13472: 9729: 6548: 6518: 6488: 5897: 1839: 18950: 24180: 20933: 18265: 14362: 13864: 13258: 11532: 6021: 5863: 3960:

engage in upcoming elections, taking an aggressive posture against foreign powers and Kurds being favorable to AKP. On 28 June, the first day of the

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organization for their continuous use of violence during the 1990s. On 6 November 2018, the State Department listed the PKK's three top executives,

3768:(which the PKK denied carrying out) and effectively ending the cease-fire (after many months of increasing tensions). Turkish warplanes also bombed 24270: 21174: 21124: 21089: 18922:"HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH WORLD REPORT 1990 An Annual Review of Developments and the Bush Administration's Policy on Human Rights Worldwide January 1991" 17033: 16561: 16406: 16007: 15379: 12362: 11766: 11565: 10875: 10354: 5679: 3995: 3346:(TAK), which vowed to "turn Turkey into hell", launched a major bombing campaign. On 25 August two coordinated low-level blasts targeted a bank in 2865: 1790: 1740: 1705: 18130: 14874: 13895: 8845: 7430:

On 25 December 1991, PKK attacked a store in the Bakırköy district with Molotov cocktails, resulting in 11 deaths, including 7 women and 1 child.

3378:

that killed 6 and injured 121 people. The Turkish government alleged the PKK was responsible for the bombing. On 4 June, a PKK suicide bombing in

1262: 25317: 23994: 23378: 22310: 21442: 21382: 21329: 21099: 20508: 13669: 8552: 7402:

On 18 August 1987, PKK fighters massacred 14 children, including one three-day-old and one six-day-old baby, and 11 adults in Kılıçkaya village,

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After the unilateral cease-fire the PKK declared in September 1999, their forces fully withdrew from Turkish Kurdistan, set up new bases in the

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Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.

23496: 21294: 19677: 19339: 16113: 15643: 14243: 14057: 14024: 12064: 7944:

child soldiers and it has been accused of abducting more than 2,000 children by Turkish Security Forces. The latest independent reports by the

3623:(Çözüm Süreci) in public. While negotiations were going on, there were numerous events that were regarded as sabotage to derail the talks: The 2877: 2501:

The PKK was formed in an effort to establish linguistic, cultural, and political rights for Turkey's Kurdish minority. However, the full-scale

1884: 18616: 18098: 15263: 14217: 11237: 7896:

On 15 May 1987, İsa Karaaslan, a father of 3 children and a teacher was accused of being a spy for the Turkish Intelligence and was executed.

5606:

Turkey has led numerous airstrikes and ground operations in Syria, Iraq and Iran, in order to attack groups Turkey classifies as PKK-related.

23534: 22847: 21149: 20888: 17589: 14476: 14325: 7076:. At the beginning of the conflict, the PKK's relationship with its civilian supporters created incentives for the Turkish government to use 3363: 3236: 2861: 1765: 1411: 612: 19807: 17703: 15008: 12893: 23913: 23010: 22389: 22077: 21053: 20321: 19472: 19023: 13925: 13647: 13075: 11631: 10828: 9017: 8893: 3802:

But also the Kurdish rebel fighters did not sit still: a Turkish Governor claimed that Kurdish assailants had fired on a police vehicle in

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In 1977, a small group under Öcalan's leadership released a declaration on Kurdish identity in Turkey. The group, which called itself the

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https://web.archive.org/web/20180701140230/http://omranstudies.org/publications/reports/download/68_d403f01ed28320cb2e67b13cffb381c7.html

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Violence soon spread throughout Turkey. Many Kurdish businesses were destroyed by mobs. The headquarters and branches of the pro-Kurdish

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With the PKK's ceasefire declaration in hand, Özal was planning to propose a major pro-Kurdish reform package at the next meeting of the

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On 15 July 1991, PKK guerrillas burned nine villagers to death in their houses in the villages of Pazarcık and Çağlayancerit districts.

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killed six people. Turkey says the bomb was planted by a Kurdish Syrian separatist whom they arrested. On 20 November, Turkey launched

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soldier was killed and seven soldiers, two policemen and three civilians injured. It was followed by a PKK raid on a police station in

2578: 2574: 2249: 2244: 624: 19516: 17055: 16468: 14847: 14384: 12858: 11984: 11701: 10744: 10062: 7903:, teacher Asim Özmen and imam Mehmet Bayram were taken from their houses and executed. Serxwebûn accused both of them of being spies. 7351:

If attacks on military and police targets could not force the government to negotiate, then perhaps attacks on civilian targets would.

7131:

In 2006, the former ambassador Rouleau stated that the continuing human rights abuses of ethnic Kurds is one of the main obstacles to

24433: 24365: 21259: 19007: 15906: 15583: 14079: 13950: 12236: 8871: 7132: 6698: 3846: 3829: 3535: 2805: 2119: 1859: 636: 574: 189: 21319: 19885: 18778:"Gramsci'nin Hegemonya Kuramı Bağlamında Nükleer Karşıtı Hareketin Milliyet Gazetesindeki Temsiliyeti (11 Ocak 1999-25 Temmuz 2000)" 16165: 15974: 12187: 9291: 1904: 25116: 23785: 22781: 22118: 21558: 21553: 21025: 20749: 20597: 20524: 20404: 19450: 19243: 19213: 19183: 18589: 14606: 14191: 13450: 13418: 13354: 12011: 11883: 9343: 8490: 7983: 7523:

Many who died were unarmed civilians, caught in the middle between the PKK and security forces, targeted for attacks by both sides.

7461:

In late June 1992, PKK militants killed five people, including a member of the village guard, in an attack on Elmasirti village in

7433:

Between 1992 and 1995 the organisation has committed 25 massacres killing 360 innocent people, including 39 women and 76 children.

6896: 4491: 2471: 2413: 2221: 2216: 1478: 19957: 18656: 18082: 16306: 15116: 12983: 9994: 25037: 24512: 23943: 22170: 21484: 20963: 19149: 18217: 17315: 16717: 15695: 14448: 11494: 9450: 8807: 1999: 17: 24017: 18355: 15184: 14658: 13705: 12772: 11278: 9773: 8416: 3103:. This was aimed at giving the new Turkish government time to articulate a way of resolving the conflict. During the ceasefire, 25194: 25066: 24312: 23605: 23273: 22415: 22362: 22123: 20737: 20378: 18884: 18032: 17100: 16064: 14688: 13386: 12125: 11203:"Kurds in Turkey and in (Iraqi) Kurdistan: A Comparison of Kurdish Educational Language Policy in Two Situations of Occupation" 9795: 7920:

On 27 September 2017, the organization kidnapped and executed Mahmut Bazancir who was mistakenly accused of being an informer.

7217:

In 1992, Turkish security forces executed seventy-four people in house raids and more than a hundred people in demonstrations.

7171:

almost three months in which she was reportedly blindfolded, anally raped with a truncheon, threatened and mocked by officers.

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The conflict's casualties between 1984 and 2012 according to the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey, Turkish Gendarmerie,

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and engage the Turkish army in a "frontal battle" by blocking the roads leading to the town from Iran and Iraq and setting up

25504: 25489: 24206: 23413: 21013: 20989: 20650: 20233: 18158: 18112: 17876:"Protesting as a Terrorist Offense: The Arbitrary Use of Terrorism Laws to Prosecute and Incarcerate Demonstrators in Turkey" 17268: 16941: 16521: 14598: 13834: 12475: 12336: 12267: 11408: 11314: 10491: 9848: 8380: 8275: 8197: 7211: 6926: 3925: 3792: 3640: 3472:

which killed seven and injured three Turkish soldiers, which became the deadliest PKK attack in that region since the 1990s.

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In October 2016, amateur footage emerged showing Turkish soldiers executing two female PKK members they had captured alive.

2669:. They then started student organisations that contacted local workers and farmers to raise awareness about Kurdish rights. 25258: 25049: 24904: 24860: 24702: 22293: 22148: 21309: 19372: 16451: 13998: 13785: 13614: 13589: 13506: 13319: 13232: 13202: 11942: 11595: 10301: 8670: 8319: 3795:(HDP) were also attacked. There are reports of civilians being killed in several Kurdish-populated towns and villages. The 3741: 3666:

announced that they would obey, stating that the year of 2013 is the year of solution either through war or through peace.

3611:

On 28 December 2012, in a television interview upon a question of whether the government had a project to solve the issue,

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dropped a bomb near the Munzur mountains, killing 2 women. In the same year, Turkish security forces attacked the town of

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later figures provided by the military for the 1984–2012 period, revised down the number of killed PKK members to 21,800.

3912:

In October 2019, the Turkish force launched an operation against Syrian Kurds in the Northern Syria which has been termed

3564:, the Syrian affiliate of the PKK, and Turkey armed ISIS and other Islamic groups against Kurds. Turkish foreign minister 25368: 24741: 24237: 23960: 23452: 23371: 22740: 22455: 22281: 21427: 21357: 20905: 20821: 19859: 18682: 18422: 14825: 13108: 10032: 7932: 4039: 3871: 3650:

negotiations with the Turkish Government, Abdullah Ocalan's letter to people was read both in Turkish and Kurdish during

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which killed 17 and injured 154 people. The PKK denied any involvement. On 4 October, the most violent clashes since the

2709: 2161: 2124: 2084: 1950: 279: 17826: 17146: 16420: 15315: 15090: 13529: 12082: 11861: 9480: 9020: 24855: 24767: 23901: 23231: 22771: 22761: 21234: 20602: 20562: 17664:"Fresh evidence of casualties underscores need for impartial investigation into Turkish airstrikes in Kandil Mountains" 12689: 12454:

Other air strikes reported by the Turkish armed forces include: C July 26, 1994 on Mezi district, killing seventy-nine.

12441: 12413: 11166: 11127: 11024: 10982: 10952: 10719: 10678: 10635: 10582: 10449: 10383: 9529: 9225: 9186: 8970: 8516: 7963:

stated that the PKK was believed in 1998 to have had 3,000 child soldiers in its forces based in Iraq and operating in

7238:, a 35-year-old Kurdish woman who was secretary-general of the Future Syria Party and who worked for interfaith unity. 3481:

charge of the conflict. The PKK then stepped up its armed activities, starting with a missile attack on a navy base in

3326: 3052: 3012: 517: 323: 21244: 18921: 18851: 18539:

Satana, Nil S. (2012). "The Kurdish Issue in June 2011 Elections: Continuity or Change in Turkey's Democratization?".

18372: 17762: 17172: 14169: 13735: 11912:: File of Torture: Deaths in Detention Places or Prisons (12 September 1980 to 12 September 1995), Ankara, March 1996 7283: 3994:

The Serhildan, or people's uprising, started on 14 March 1990, Nusaybin during the funeral of 20-year-old PKK fighter

2885:

targeted defectors, assassinating two of them in Sweden, two in the Netherlands, three in Germany and one in Denmark.

2566: 1834: 25322: 25289: 25083: 24777: 24725: 24640: 24111: 23481: 22776: 22723: 22661: 22349: 22332: 20971: 20350: 19931: 19766: 19756: 19732: 19722: 19428: 19059: 18861: 18626: 18401: 18192: 17859: 17573: 17544: 17534: 17356: 17085: 16623: 15064: 14800: 14135: 13139: 12592: 12543: 12391: 12383: 12215: 12092: 12021: 11994: 11952: 11909: 11790: 10916: 10543: 10410: 10305: 9874:

Saatci, Mustafa (2002). "Nation–states and ethnic boundaries: modern Turkish identity and Turkish–Kurdish conflict".

9622: 8966: 8586: 7759: 7369: 7121: 4477: 3934: 3606: 3540: 2790: 18495: 18445: 12665: 12507: 11727: 11460: 10207: 9679: 9428: 4459: 3350:, on 27 August a school in Istanbul was targeted by a bombing, on 28 August there were three coordinated attacks in 25509: 25459: 25454: 25225: 25154: 25126: 24848: 24843: 24838: 24595: 24590: 24465: 24211: 23847: 23754: 23595: 23209: 22894: 22693: 22617: 22405: 20846: 20815: 19089: 18824: 18385: 16666: 16335: 15812: 15791: 15605: 14778: 10261: 9568: 7995: 7701:, killing 12 people including 6 security officers and 6 civilians and injuring 51 others, three of them seriously. 6458: 3213: 1967: 1849: 21392: 19636: 14900: 11202: 8438: 7675: 7617:

On 22 June 2010, the TAK claimed responsibility for a bombing on a bus carrying soldiers and civilians killing 5.

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400 incidents of shelling, air bombardment and armed clashes occurred in August. On 24 September, Turkish General

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region—defining areas in Turkey under a state of emergency—in red with neighbouring provinces in orange, 1987–2002

1992: 25469: 25464: 25027: 24453: 24385: 24167: 22889: 22337: 21417: 17433:

Belge, Ceren (2016). "Civilian victimization and the politics of information in the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey".

14498: 12829:"The Jamestown Foundation: The Shaykh Said Revolt and Ankara's Return to the Past in its Struggle with the Kurds" 11814: 11207: 8921: 8233:

http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/increasing-tensions-see-resurgence-turkeys-far-right-street-movements-923266627

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is one of the PKK's criminal activities it uses to obtain weapons and materials to fight the Turkish government.

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to protest the forced recruitment of their children by PKK. After two weeks of protesting, the families started

7128:. A few months later, three other mass graves were reportedly found in the garden of Çemişgezek police station. 3806:

in September 2015, killing two officers, and some unspecified "clash" with PKK rebels purportedly took place in

3461: 2064: 25494: 25171: 25061: 24983: 24878: 24783: 24496: 24397: 24128: 23364: 23031: 22728: 22683: 22597: 22575: 22488: 21528: 21412: 20432: 20258: 20207: 17386: 17118: 16202: 12941: 12510: 11917: 7863: 6944:, destroying 401 houses, 242 shops and massacring more than thirty civilians, and leaving one hundred wounded. 4451: 4444: 3879: 3757: 3561: 3157: 3123:

One of the turning points in the conflict was when Turkey did the largest cross-border mission in its history.

2514: 2191: 460: 304: 23983: 23734: 21397: 21063: 20995: 18379: 16267: 13162: 12917: 10140: 9822: 8778:"Ali Haydar Kaytan operasyonla etkisiz hale getirildi! PKK, ölümünü gizlemek için cesedi gömenleri infaz etti" 7668: 2741: 2495: 25514: 24392: 24007: 23648: 23440: 23120: 22837: 22558: 21830: 18295: 17468: 16499: 16388: 13976: 9402: 9148: 9058: 8054: 7512:

that in response of Turkeys declaration of an all-out war, the PKK adapted its tactics in the following way:

6846: 4094: 3814:(HRW) report, "Local human rights groups have recorded well over 100 civilian deaths and multiple injuries." 3678: 3494: 3100: 3075: 2769:. Because of the treatment of the prisoners, the prison became the site of much political protest. (See also 2431:). Although the Kurdish-Turkish conflict has spread to many regions, most of the conflict has taken place in 2024: 588: 546: 23870: 23826: 21897: 21084: 16357: 13476: 12624: 9721: 1700: 971: 25343: 25044: 24082: 23988: 23802: 23544: 23332: 23204: 22899: 22530: 22510: 22108: 21902: 21372: 21342: 20870: 20592: 19313: 18943: 14352: 12313:

Michael M. Gunter, "Turgut Özal and the Kurdish question", in Marlies Casier, Joost Jongerden (eds, 2010),

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In August 1993, Turkish security forces opened fire during the protest, killing 10 people and wounding 51.

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came to power in 2002, the Turkish state started to ease restrictions on the Kurdish language and culture.

3028: 2992:, the prime minister of Turkey at the time, refused to negotiate with the PKK, but also stated that forced 2306: 2004: 1933: 959: 123: 86: 43: 19586: 18273: 14020: 13254: 9373:. International Relations and Security Network (ISN). International Relations and Security Network (ISN). 8409:"ABDli Senatör Lindsey Graham: YPG, PKK'nın siyasi koludur, Türkiye için yarattığımız problemi çözmeliyiz" 2872:

were some of the victims. Later in 2006, Öcalan denied these accusations and stated in his book that both

2443:

carrying out frequent ground incursions and air and artillery strikes in the region, and its influence in

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forces". The organization's 'suicide guerrilla teams', mainly made up of women, were responsible for 21

7360:"in January 1996 the government announced that the PKK had massacred 11 men near the remote village of 3658:. The letter called a cease-fire that included disarmament and withdrawal from Turkish soil and calling 3091:

was captured and destroyed by Turkish forces. 555 PKK members were killed and another were 13 captured.

2109: 1874: 25499: 25474: 25413: 25099: 25022: 24978: 24613: 24549: 24122: 24087: 23923: 23918: 23896: 23791: 23671: 23643: 23590: 22882: 22857: 22735: 22585: 22422: 22410: 22276: 22098: 22093: 21367: 20900: 20718: 20630: 20461:"Treasury Sanctions Supporters of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) Tied to Drug Trafficking in Europe" 20104: 17615: 16959: 16905: 16554: 13887: 12208:

Political Violence and Kurds in Turkey: Fragmentations, Mobilizations, Participations & Repertoires

10864: 8837: 8024: 8019: 7694: 7687: 7272: 7246:

The Turkish state has similarly involved itself with drug trafficking through the conflict. During the

6809:. Accordingly, only a minor part of these operations casualties were from Turkey forces vs YPG forces. 6329: 3953: 2918: 2770: 2713: 2694: 2690: 2094: 2049: 2019: 1987: 393: 341: 22072: 21422: 21254: 16738: 10169: 8548: 7720: 6905: 3572:

in Hakkari province, described as the most violent in years. as the PKK attempted to seize control of

3389: 2749:, and Delil Dogan being sent to set up an organisation in Lebanon. Some PKK fighters took part in the 1854: 24973: 24751: 24746: 24720: 24460: 24339: 24070: 23691: 23685: 23060: 22698: 22678: 22325: 21922: 21377: 21007: 20858: 16843: 16136:"NATO deal with Sweden and Finland: Ankara celebrates 'national victory,' worries mount in Stockholm" 15772:"Politics, Economy, and Ideology in Iraqi Kurdistan Since 2003: Enduring Trends and Novel Challenges" 14047: 13756: 9652: 7646: 6985: 3527: 3523: 3027:

has said that the massacre had been allowed to go ahead by the Turkish military, and was part of the

2483: 2009: 1495: 935: 527: 472: 21279: 19399:"PKK terror bombing targets police vehicle in Turkeys southeastern Diyarbakır, 3 killed, 45 injured" 18750: 18726: 18470: 16593: 16097: 15635: 7781:

On 28 May 2012, a group of militants kidnapped 10 workers working on a road construction project in

7052:

more than doubled. However, martial law and military rule was lifted in the last provinces in 2002.

3590: 3505: 1869: 25484: 25363: 25240: 25235: 25164: 24141: 23729: 23486: 23457: 23258: 22924: 22622: 22551: 22320: 21674: 21437: 21407: 21269: 21019: 21001: 20977: 20645: 18381:

Organized Crime in Europe: Concepts, Patterns and Control Policies in the European Union and Beyond

14329: 11569: 6964: 6682:

Ground and clearing operations successful. 13 Hostages killed by PKK before they could be rescued.

4076: 3453: 3445: 3413: 3277: 3087:, assisted by planes, helicopters, tanks and APCs. The operation ended in a Turkish victory as the 2996:

was the wrong approach towards the Kurds. Several Kurdish politicians supported the ceasefire, and

2581:. On 21 March 2013, Öcalan announced the "end of armed struggle" and a ceasefire with peace talks. 2089: 2039: 21988: 21952: 21579: 17593: 14080:"PKK has repeatedly asked for a ceasefire of peace since their establishment in the past 17 years" 11495:"PKK has repeatedly asked for a ceasefire of peace since their establishment in the past 17 years" 7767: 7592: 7468:

In late September 1992, PKK militants massacred 29 civilians including many women and children in

7210:, a prominent Kurdish intellectual and journalist of Özgur Gundem, was assassinated by members of 7194:

On 24 February 1992, Cengiz Altun, the Batman correspondent for the weekly pro-Kurdish newspaper,

2589: 2054: 887: 25338: 25104: 24065: 24060: 23638: 23508: 23320: 22607: 22580: 22525: 22520: 22372: 21184: 21139: 21134: 21129: 20834: 20635: 20346: 18701: 17242:

The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds – an Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War

16876: 14357: 12885: 10058: 7664:, wounding 13 people. Two days later, the Kurdish militant group TAK claimed the responsibility. 6424: 6209: 5598:

The ceasefire agreement broke down in July 2015, dividing 2015 in two sharply different periods.

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claimed that 110 Turkish soldiers and 475 PKK militants had been killed since the start of 2012.

3343: 3217: 3124: 3005: 2704:

The founding Congress of the PKK was held on 27 November 1978 in Fis, a village near the city of

2400:, as well as its allied insurgent groups, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish, who have either demanded 1800: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1510: 677: 558: 522: 347: 267: 82: 22367: 22028: 21912: 21563: 19834:"Families start hunger strike in Diyarbakır for return of children who joined PKK – Turkey News" 19005:

PKK has repeatedly asked for a ceasefire of peace since their establishment in the past 17 years

18984: 17910: 17800:"Shocking Images of Dead Kurdish Fighters: Turkey Accused of Using Chemical Weapons against PKK" 13806: 13639: 13130:

Romano, David; Romano, Thomas G. Strong Professor of Middle East Politics David (2 March 2006).

11625: 11016:

The Kurdish question in Turkey: new perspectives on violence, representation, and reconciliation

8904: 8320:"State Building and the Limits of Legibility: Kinship Networks and Kurdish Resistance in Turkey" 7497:

On 25 October 1993, 4 teachers and a 2-year-old girl were murdered by PKK militants in Yolalan,

5289: 3966: 3799:

raised their concerns over the attacks on civilians and the 4 September 2015 blockade of Cizre.

3702: 3667: 3612: 2226: 1923: 1031: 703: 25353: 25032: 25006: 24899: 24162: 24146: 24012: 23115: 23055: 23043: 22936: 22793: 22286: 22209: 22156: 21704: 21616: 21452: 21352: 21314: 21264: 21199: 21104: 18944:"PKK (Partiya Karkeren Kürdistan-Kürdistan İşçi Partisi): TERÖR ÖRGÜTÜ KRONOLOJİSİ (1976–2006)" 18339: 17133:"Suriye'nin kuzeyindeki operasyonlarla 6 yılda yaklaşık 17 bin terörist etkisiz hale getirildi" 17063: 12862: 12533: 9599: 8034: 7388: 7016:

In 2019, Turkish soldiers killed 11 Kurdish civilians, 8 of them children in artillery attack.

6668: 6394: 3913: 3727: 3582: 3405: 2821: 2114: 2074: 1977: 1955: 1815: 1720: 432: 23356: 23110: 21795: 21780: 21299: 17849: 17730:"Eight children among 11 killed in Turkish shelling on Syria town held by Kurds, monitor says" 16766: 16239: 14105: 13445: 13413: 13381: 13349: 12577: 12503: 10944: 10908: 10598: 8726:"Bakan Soylu: 29 Ekim 2023 tarihinde bu ülkenin dağlarında bir tek PKK'lı terörist kalmayacak" 2760:, Syria, from 20 to 25 August 1982. Here it was decided that the organisation would return to 1889: 25209: 25204: 24920: 24666: 24486: 24002: 23815: 23554: 23418: 23263: 23048: 23038: 23005: 22745: 22568: 21927: 21709: 21289: 21189: 21114: 20731: 19517:"İstanbul Vezneciler'de polis aracına bombalı saldırı, 7'si polis, 11 kişi hayatını kaybetti" 18737: 18678: 18652: 18078: 18036: 17379: 17346: 16695: 16580: 11748: 11055: 10400: 10327: 8573: 7953: 7667:

On 10 May 2016, 3 people were killed and 33 civilians and 12 police officers were injured in

7356: 7010: 7005: 6997: 6925:

In 1993, Mehmet Ogut, his pregnant wife and all their seven children were burned to death by

6239: 3973: 3176: 3148:. After leaving the embassy on 15 February 1999 for the airport, he was kidnapped in a joint 2332: 2327: 2141: 1909: 1879: 1805: 1735: 405: 22178: 19724:

Understanding International Counter Terrorism: A Professional's Guide to the Operational Art

18241:"Kurdish female politician, who worked to unite Christians, Arabs, Kurds, executed in Syria" 17329: 16893: 16615: 16472: 10533: 9932: 7543:

attack in Serxwebun publication by claiming the killed miners were soldiers and 'fascists'.

3749: 3428:

declared it would be halting operations inside Iran to start fighting the Turkish military.

3339: 2653:. The group decided in 1974 to start a campaign for Kurdish rights. Cemil Bayik was sent to 24491: 24263: 24077: 24050: 23955: 23933: 23891: 23575: 23199: 23194: 23179: 23125: 23070: 22954: 22813: 22798: 22646: 22563: 22377: 21474: 21347: 21204: 21169: 20617: 20607: 20582: 20567: 19708: 17737: 14629:"How Kurdish PKK Militants Are Exploiting the Crisis in Syria to Achieve Regional Autonomy" 14599:"Turkish army: 90–100 Kurd rebels killed in n. Iraq raids – Breaking News – Jerusalem Post" 11705: 11533:"PKK claims killing of Turkish policemen in revenge for Syria border attack – Türkiye News" 11194: 10781: 9063: 7558: 7381: 7260: 7069: 6909: 6762: 3977: 3818: 2522: 2440: 2146: 2059: 1972: 1820: 1785: 1621: 1483: 1473: 1468: 309: 249: 213: 21937: 21932: 21785: 21274: 21109: 20477: 19004: 18618:

Violence and Restraint in Civil War: Civilian Targeting in the Shadow of International Law

14083: 12084:

Violence and Restraint in Civil War: Civilian Targeting in the Shadow of International Law

11498: 10376:

PKK, Perspektiven des Kurdischen Freiheitskampfes: Zwischen Selbstbestimmung, EU und Islam

7469: 7203: 6953: 3956:

and targeted areas including Metina, Zap and Avashin. The operation is currently ongoing.

3216:(PŞK) tried to use the cease-fire to attract PKK fighters to join their organisation. The 2766: 2321: 1864: 1725: 923: 911: 648: 8: 24559: 24522: 24470: 24257: 24117: 24022: 23950: 23769: 23759: 23677: 23665: 23655: 23549: 23075: 23026: 22959: 22909: 22808: 22718: 22666: 22479: 22460: 22246: 22067: 21479: 21462: 21457: 21362: 21239: 20875: 20572: 19910: 19373:"Kurdish group claims suicide attack in Turkish city of Bursa – National | Globalnews.ca" 16770: 15575: 15548: 14444: 9283: 7621: 7603: 7599:, 13 civilians, mostly women and employees of the store, were killed and 5 were injured. 7413:

On 21 March 1990, PKK members blocked a road where they killed 9 engineers and a worker.

7228: 6728: 3945: 3375: 3322: 2922: 2832:

policy was approved, which obliged every family to send someone to the guerrilla forces.

2156: 2134: 2129: 1982: 1844: 237: 21998: 21973: 21942: 21892: 21862: 21094: 19561:"Turkish police detain five people over alleged involvement in suicide bombing in Hatay" 19235: 19205: 19175: 18648: 18074: 16924:"'Özel Harp işiydi ve muhteşemdi': 6-7 Eylül Pogromu ve bir Sabri Yirmibeşoğlu portresi" 15945:"CHP leader says Erdoğan is responsible for the deaths of 13 security personnel in Iraq" 15208:"Turkey accused of allowing Islamic State fighters to cross its border in Kobane attack" 14303: 14277: 14195: 13440: 13408: 13344: 11887: 9347: 7436:

On 11 June 1992, the guerrillas executed more than 13 people from a bus they stopped in

7372:

between 1995 and 1999. The same number was 11 between 2 August 2015 and 25 August 2016.

5321:

Ceasefire and peace process broke down on 20 July 2015. Military confrontation resumed.

3807: 3421: 3040: 2989: 1710: 983: 803: 24772: 24661: 24517: 24055: 23938: 23907: 23853: 23821: 23764: 23600: 23491: 23246: 23189: 23169: 23082: 22971: 22914: 22710: 22632: 22298: 22219: 22214: 22128: 22018: 21402: 21387: 21337: 20557: 18889: 18566: 17785: 17766: 17450: 17307: 16299: 15783: 15461: 14052: 13802: 13728:"Turkish incursion into Northern Iraq: Military Fiasco, Political Debacle – The Bullet" 12987: 12565: 12058: 12013:

Primitive Rebels Or Revolutionary Modernizers?: The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey

11413: 11371: 10901: 10745:"European Court of Human Rights: Turkey Ranks First in Violations in between 1959–2011" 10670: 10610: 9899: 8347: 8203: 7999: 7945: 7716:

killing 1 civilian and 1 police officer while injuring 7 others including 3 civilians.

7657: 7509: 7505: 7324: 7179: 7157: 7103: 7095: 7082: 7061: 7019: 7009:

disproportionate restrictions on movement and other arbitrary measures were resembling

6890: 3980:– airstrikes on PKK positions in Iraq and Syrian Democratic Forces positions in Syria. 3961: 3811: 3752:

attack on progressive activists, which was claimed by ISIL. During the 24–25 July 2015

3059: 2737: 2432: 2044: 2014: 1928: 815: 21770: 21649: 21644: 17493: 15721:

Turkish army hit village in Syria's Afrin with suspected gas: Kurdish YPG, Observatory

10483:

Autonomy, sovereignty, and self-determination: the accommodation of conflicting rights

9454: 7833: 7810: 7752: 7683: 7547: 7480: 7462: 7361: 7344: 7336: 4023: 3616: 3493:

cease-fire was declared by the PKK. In November the cease-fire was extended until the

3448:(DTP) won a majority of the vote in the South East. Soon after, on 13 April 2009, the 3020: 2554: 2467: 1175: 1111: 1043: 25428: 25348: 24697: 24554: 23977: 23524: 23430: 23401: 23344: 23291: 23253: 23216: 23102: 23087: 22904: 22842: 22829: 22803: 22671: 22602: 22546: 22465: 22258: 22233: 22194: 22013: 21719: 21689: 20910: 20625: 20577: 20130: 19762: 19728: 19692: 19347: 19055: 18857: 18805: 18763: 18622: 18397: 18352: 18303: 18188: 17855: 17569: 17540: 17454: 17352: 17264: 16641: 16619: 16608: 16400: 16105: 15914: 15839:"As Turkey attacks Kurds in Syria, Trump says any ISIS escapees are Europe's problem" 13970: 13135: 12765: 12712: 12539: 12471: 12387: 12332: 12263: 12211: 12088: 12017: 11990: 11948: 11913: 11853: 11418: 11375: 11363: 11162: 11123: 11020: 10978: 10948: 10937: 10912: 10871: 10715: 10674: 10631: 10578: 10539: 10487: 10445: 10406: 10379: 9903: 9891: 9221: 9182: 9116: 9096: 8582: 8408: 8386: 8376: 8351: 8339: 8207: 8193: 8171: 7924: 7308: 6937: 6133: 4071: 3969:

said that Sweden had made a "promise" to extradite "73 terrorists" wanted by Turkey.

3897: 3796: 3552:

In summer 2012, the conflict with the PKK took a violent curve, in parallel with the

3465: 3221: 3024: 2761: 2638: 2535: 2475: 2456: 2448: 2424: 2401: 1606: 1391: 1195: 863: 503: 484: 335: 225: 22033: 21694: 21058: 19789: 18570: 16008:"Blinken walks back State Department ambiguity over Turkish hostages killed in Iraq" 13376: 12315:

Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue

12122: 11986:

Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue

10230:"Focus – Iraqi Kurdistan: Kurdish locals divided over Turkey's anti-PKK air strikes" 9990: 8752:"PKK militant on Turkey's 'most-wanted list' killed in southeast: Interior Ministry" 5983: 5889: 5855: 3636: 2725: 1228: 1067: 767: 25392: 25284: 25199: 25071: 24946: 24941: 24894: 24798: 24682: 24428: 24360: 24190: 24173: 24134: 23809: 23744: 23739: 23711: 23610: 23570: 23174: 23142: 22964: 22919: 22862: 22515: 22438: 22253: 22113: 21907: 21877: 21304: 21079: 20915: 20640: 18795: 18785: 18556: 18548: 18389: 17781: 17442: 17299: 15907:"Deaths of Soldiers and Policemen Held by Kurdish Guerrillas Roil Turkish Politics" 14982: 14774: 14552: 14521: 12357: 12231: 11843: 11810: 11762: 11355: 10441:

The PKK-Kurdistan Workers' Party's Regional Politics: During and After the Cold War

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On 25 April 2013, PKK announced that it would be withdrawing all its forces within

3553: 3300: 3185: 2960:

In 1993, Özal returned to working on a peace plan with the former finance minister

2750: 2547: 2518: 2444: 2343: 2337: 1894: 1695: 1415: 1395: 1374: 1353: 1287: 1266: 1245: 1055: 1007: 947: 726: 117: 24304: 21978: 21714: 18099:"Time for Justice Ending Impunity for Killings and Disappearances in 1990s Turkey" 15813:"Trump calls Turkey assault on Syria a 'bad idea' as Kurds report civilian deaths" 14715:"CRS Report: Terrorism: Middle Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, August 27, 1998" 11659:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. February 2017. 11303: 9852: 8439:"Ashton Carter'dan önemli YPG, PYD ve PKK açıklaması - Son Dakika Dünya Haberleri" 8181: 7561:

targeting a group of 60 unarmed military personnel perpetrated by PKK occurred in

4085:, an elected MP from the BDP, put the PKK's casualties at 18,000 as of July 2011. 3628: 3281: 3031:'s coup plans. On the 8 June 1993, Öcalan announced the end of the PKK ceasefire. 2721: 2593: 1432: 1349: 839: 25230: 25159: 24830: 24692: 24580: 23886: 23863: 23580: 23539: 23308: 23241: 23221: 23152: 23147: 23092: 23065: 22976: 22949: 22627: 22592: 22103: 21432: 21194: 21164: 21154: 20285: 19049: 19011: 18790: 18777: 18686: 18660: 18552: 18359: 18086: 17638: 17519: 17290: 17217:"Pençe Kartal-2 Harekatı sırasında şehit olan askerler son yolculuğuna uğurlandı" 16739:

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) – Norwegian Refugee Council.

16455: 15819: 15727: 15401: 14922: 14804: 14785: 14455: 13813: 13789: 13763: 13618: 13569: 13169: 12970: 12924: 12696: 12514: 12284: 12243: 12194: 12129: 11821: 11797: 11773: 11734: 11156: 11117: 11014: 10972: 10707: 10664: 10625: 10605: 10572: 10481: 10439: 10361: 10297: 10170:

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) – Norwegian Refugee Council.

10126: 9683: 9398:"If 40,000 Deaths Disqualifies PKK, Should 1.5 Million Deaths Disqualify Turkey?" 9314: 9215: 9176: 9027: 7532: 7498: 7473: 7448: 7444: 7392: 7077: 7065: 6754: 6720: 6690: 6660: 6630: 6600: 6540: 6510: 6480: 6416: 6356: 6291: 6261: 6231: 6171: 6163: 6103: 6081: 6073: 6043: 6013: 5979: 5949: 5919: 5885: 5851: 5821: 5791: 5761: 5731: 5701: 5671: 5641: 5591: 3949: 3817:

The spring of 2016 saw the seasonal uptick in combat activity. In May, a Turkish

3565: 3557: 3248: 3189: 3112: 3111:, and in June of the same year the Turkish military began to pursue the PKK into 3084: 3079: 2917:

The PKK launched its insurgency against the Turkish state on 15 August 1984 with

2890: 2837: 2786: 2436: 2369: 2079: 1810: 1775: 1770: 1436: 1307: 1199: 1179: 534: 127: 22023: 22008: 22003: 21993: 21917: 21887: 21867: 21775: 21699: 21679: 18026:"U.S. Policy In The Mediterranean: Managing The Greece, Turkey, Cyprus Triangle" 16448: 13990: 13782: 13611: 13581: 13498: 13311: 13224: 13194: 12736:"The Big Question: Who is behind the bombings in Turkey, and what do they want?" 8674: 7735:

In early September 1992, PKK militants kidnapped five tourists, including three

7251: 4026:'s capture on 15 February 1999, protests are also held every year on that date. 3937:

president, stated he saw a bullet wound in his son's head. In an interview with

3568:

accused the Assad government of arming the group. In June and August there were

3264:(HADEP) was banned by the Turkish Supreme Court on 13 March 2003 and its leader 3244: 3099:

In December 1995, the PKK announced a second unilateral ceasefire, ahead of the

3044: 2965: 2777: 2494:", or "Kurdish" were officially banned by the Turkish government. Following the 1303: 1215: 899: 875: 851: 827: 25263: 25111: 25054: 24687: 24656: 24277: 23858: 23841: 23836: 23706: 23164: 22944: 22867: 22500: 22268: 22229: 21882: 21872: 21825: 21820: 21810: 21684: 21664: 21159: 20379:"Turkey: monitoring the HPG/PKK's prohibition on using children in hostilities" 18674: 17804: 14779:

Assad hands control of Syria's Kurdish areas to PKK, sparking outrage in Turkey

13700: 12597: 10116: 9755: 7949: 7841: 7837: 7744: 7527:

On 21 January 1994, PKK militants massacred 21 people including 11 children in

7312: 7073: 7045: 6972: 6968: 4082: 4047: 3733: 3240: 3071: 2981: 2893:

against some of its Kurdish citizens. The PKK was rarely able to prevent this.

2873: 2869: 2746: 2662: 2570: 2539: 2273: 1780: 1241: 1122: 1019: 995: 21968: 21947: 21755: 21654: 18418:"Violations in Afrin | Turkish-backed factions plant Hashish in Raju district" 18393: 17931: 17561: 17446: 11359: 10036: 9217:

The Kurdish nationalist movement : opportunity, mobilization and identity

9178:

Everyday occupations experiencing militarism in South Asia and the Middle East

9112: 8335: 7970:

The armed wing of the PKK, signed in October 2008 a Deed of Commitment of the

7327:, stated that the PKK was believed to have been responsible for more than 768 6829: 3765: 3748:

in Syria. The conflict between Turkey and PKK escalated following the 20 July

3670:

welcomed the letter stating that concrete steps will follow PKK's withdrawal.

3632: 3615:

said that the government was conducting negotiations with jailed rebel leader

3594: 2933: 1155: 791: 737: 25443: 25408: 25358: 24790: 24230: 23928: 23660: 23296: 23236: 23137: 22877: 22872: 22505: 22450: 22241: 21800: 21790: 21179: 21144: 20001: 19351: 18809: 18307: 16424: 16109: 15918: 15094: 13183:

Partiya Karkaren Kurdistan (PKK) (Turkey), GROUPS – EUROPE – ACTIVE

12661: 12420: 11857: 11786: 11422: 11367: 9895: 9120: 8343: 7775: 7611: 7551: 7365: 7332:

organization realized that these were damaging their international prestige.

7316: 7255: 7235: 6978:

fighters. Kurdish fighters were beheaded by Turkish special forces soldiers.

6824: 6802: 6269: 3531: 3401: 3383:

villages and forced residents to flee. On 7 October 2007, 40–50 PKK fighters

3104: 3063: 2993: 2961: 2881: 2782: 2543: 1795: 1760: 715: 21760: 21740: 20075:"Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006)" 17704:"Cizre in ruins as Turkey lifts curfew on Kurdish towns – News – Al Jazeera" 17494:"Turkish military guilty of killing family of 9, blamed on PKK for 20 years" 17261:

The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950

15544:"Kurdish militants reportedly shoot down Turkish security forces helicopter" 12158:"Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006)" 11835: 10486:(Rev. ed.). Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 187–9. 10322:[The security of Turkey: Economic cost of separatist PKK terrorism] 9887: 9181:(1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 14. 8390: 7878:

resigned because of the death threats while 3 other AK Party politicians in

7871: 7786: 7771: 7455: 3784: 3655: 3482: 3001: 2597: 23627: 23529: 23268: 23226: 22852: 22303: 21815: 21765: 21669: 20002:"Teachers killed in Turkey between 12 September 1980 and 12 September 2000" 16645:

TURKEY: Kurdish teenager convicted as terrorist for attending demonstration

16069: 13727: 12433: 11840:

European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey

9344:"The Defeat of Turkish Hizballah as a Model for Counter-Terrorism Strategy" 8521: 8007: 7900: 7875: 7854: 7818: 7607: 7320: 7268: 7183: 7166: 6941: 6869: 6862: 6798: 5160: 3905: 3875: 3740:, and the Turkey's main pro-Kurdish party, HDP, accused Turkey of allowing 3358:

targeting the tourist industry and on 30 August there was a TAK bombing in

3265: 3016: 2997: 2845: 2829: 2797: 2705: 2674: 2507: 2463: 1640: 1133: 1091: 20156: 15238:"KCK official says PKK not responsible for murders of 2 Turkish policemen" 14797: 11450:"Greek Intelligence and the Capture of PKK Leader Abdullah Ocalan in 1999" 9316:

Characteristics of Turkish Hezbollah: Implications for Policy and Programs

7890: 7642:

in Ankara, killing 15 civilians and 14 soldiers while injuring 60 others.

7196: 3436:

At the start of 2009 Turkey opened its first Kurdish-language TV-channel,

3019:

brought the ceasefire to an end. Five days later, the PKK carried out the

2617: 2462:

A revolutionary group, the PKK was founded in 1978 in the village of Fis,

25423: 25418: 24291: 23749: 23701: 23696: 23425: 23407: 23132: 22443: 21857: 21750: 21659: 19495:"HDP pays respect to PKK suicide bomber who killed 12 people in Istanbul" 15432:"Turkey should ensure immediate access to Cizre by independent observers" 11341:"Disarming, Demobilizing, and Reintegrating the Kurdistan Worker's Party" 10834:(Report). The European Court of Human Rights. 24 March 2014. p. 57. 10197: 9676: 9503: 9424: 8962: 8517:"Donald Trump Wants to Defeat the Islamic State—So He's Arming the Kurds" 8370: 8173:

The Kurds in a Changing Middle East: History, Politics and Representation

7971: 7814: 7484: 6833: 3920: 3867: 3256: 3252: 3048: 2841: 2642: 2601: 1609:

also known as Kurdish Hezbollah or just Hizbullah in Turkey, is a mainly

1452: 1144: 1079: 779: 19239: 19209: 19179: 18800: 18334: 17311: 17198: 16496:"Islam, the Kurds, and Turkey's problems at home and with the neighbors" 15871:"Turkey says militants executed 13, including soldiers, police, in Iraq" 15787: 15771: 13132:

The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity

8306:

Inside Insurgency: Violence, Civilians, and Revolutionary Group Behavior

7748: 7709: 7632: 7419: 3573: 3469: 3417: 2573:. The first insurgency lasted until March 1993, when the PKK declared a 2455:

300 to 450 billion, mostly in military costs. It has also affected

1561:

26,774 killed, 922 injured, 6727 captured, 4781 surrendered (per Turkey)

24448: 24380: 21805: 21745: 18561: 17678:"Turkey eases curfew after assault on PKK rebels leaves Cizre in ruins" 16741:"Need for continued improvement in response to protracted displacement" 14896: 14517:"CHP deputy urges party to boycott Parliament in protest of deputy ban" 12353:"Secret witness reveals identity, shady ties between PKK and Ergenekon" 11404: 10666:

Turkey and the European Union internal dynamics and external challenges

8189: 7782: 7686:

district. killing 16 people and injuring 23 others, all civilians. The

7679: 7347:, the organization's leader, has been claimed to have stated publicly: 7328: 7300: 7207: 3938: 3894:. This failed however, as the PKK has expanded its operations in Iraq. 3673: 3078:(the Kurdish New Year) on 20 March 1995, the Turkish military launched 2646: 2502: 1283: 19611: 11848: 9623:"Kurdish rebels surrender as Turkey reaches out — War in Context" 8925: 8641:"Cautious Turkish PM welcomes Öcalan's call for end to armed struggle" 8372:

Blood and belief : the PKK and the Kurdish fight for independence

7886: 3764:, purportedly retaliating the killing of two policeman in the town of 3457: 21983: 21505: 18499: 18417: 17303: 15488:"Turkey's Campaign Against Kurdish Militants Takes Toll on Civilians" 15260:"Turkish jets target Kurds in Iraq, Islamic State militants in Syria" 12260:

Turkey's Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Ocalan

11767:

Fears of suicide prompt Evren family to remove coup leader's firearms

10234: 8671:"Kurdish separatist group leader Öcalan calls to stop armed struggle" 7806: 7785:. A month later, another group of militants blocked the road between 7740: 7736: 7580: 7296: 3989: 3586: 3522:

as part of a civil disobedience campaign launched by the pro-Kurdish

3510: 3088: 2809: 2650: 2527: 2491: 2482:, and names were banned in Kurdish-inhabited areas. In an attempt to 2452: 2414:

political and cultural rights for Kurds inside the Republic of Turkey

2405: 2354: 2169: 20234:"USA: PKK Taking Children as Weapons in Turkey – Anadolu Türk Haber" 19958:"AKP'li siyasetçilere yönelik PKK tehdidi artıyor | DW | 23.10.2016" 19265: 16522:"28 yıllık terörün insani ve mali bilançosu.../Güncel/milliyet blog" 16166:"Sweden refuses to deny deportations to Turkey as part of NATO deal" 15458:"Scores killed in clashes between Turkish forces and Kurdish rebels" 13857:"Critical week for Turkey as Kurdish initiative comes to Parliament" 13827:"Turkey counts cost of conflict as Kurdish militant battle rages on" 10033:"TÜRKİYE'DE HALEN FAALİYETLERİNE DEVAM EDEN BAŞLICA TERÖR ÖRGÜTLERİ" 7793:, and kidnapped a British tourist. All of them were released later. 7790: 7488: 4462:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 3745: 2490:

as "Mountain Turks" during the 1930s and 1940s. The words "Kurds", "

2435:, which corresponds with southeastern Turkey. The PKK's presence in 138:

Turkish claim: less than 86 PKK members left inside Turkey's borders

25121: 24336: 24104: 24044: 22988: 22315: 19539:"Four dead after car bombing and shootout in Turkish city of Izmir" 15979: 15843: 15824: 15376:"'Lynching Campaign' Targets Kurds in Turkey, HDP Offices Attacked" 13779: 13622: 12329:

The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance

10202: 10090: 9849:"MINA Breaking News – Turkey marks 25 years of Kurd rebellion" 9826: 9673: 7845: 7705: 7698: 7671:

perpetrated by PKK members who targeted an armored police vehicle.

7614:

killing 9 people and injuring more than 121 others, all civilians.

7596: 7576:

and killed 6 people including a civilian while injuring 10 others.

7304: 7264: 6842: 5154: 3744:(ISIL) soldiers to cross its border and attack the Kurdish city of 3645: 3351: 3310: 3247:

to leave the organisation. The three major traditionalist leaders,

3228: 3108: 2985: 2937: 2813: 2613: 2531: 2479: 2409: 1613: 22998: 19051:

Turkey: facing a new millennium: Coping with intertwined conflicts

14469:"AK Party won, now Kurds win; here's why by Abdulla Hawez Abdulla" 14244:"Seven soldiers killed, seventeen wounded in clashes in SE Turkey" 13957:. 16 December 2009. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009 10320:"Türkiye'nin güvenliği: Ayrılıkçı PKK Terörünün Ekonomik Maliyeti" 7848:, who broke with Öcalan and left the organization in 1987 stated: 7713: 7697:

targeting security officers perperated by TAK occurred in central

7620:

On 20 September 2011, 3 people died and 34 people were injured in

7380:

On 23 January 1987, PKK militias committed a massacre in Ortabağ,

7102:(PKK) "terrorists" to press. In 1995, another report published by 2710:

fighting between leftist and rightist groups in Turkey (1978–1980)

2565:

by a group of special forces personnel and taken to Turkey, where

298: 51: 18706:

Doğruhaber Gazetesi – haber, haberler, sondakika haber, haberleri

18590:"Rights Group Decries Missed Opportunity to Prosecute PKK Leader" 18164:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 18004:"Karakol bahçesinden 7 kişinin kemikleri çıktı | BirGün Gazetesi" 15875: 15741:"Turkey will drain 'terror swamp' in Iraq's Qandil, Erdogan says" 15402:"Turkey Kurds: Many dead in Cizre violence as MPs' march blocked" 14571: 13163:

PKK Changes Battlefield Tactics to Force Turkey into Negotiations

12123:

Turkey: Government Under Growing Pressure To Meet Kurdish Demands

10974:

Kurdish awakening : nation building in a fragmented homeland

9425:"Greener Pastures for Bruce Fein: The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey" 8465:"Fighting ISIS: The Road to and beyond Raqqa | Crisis Group" 7987: 7635:, killing five policemen and three civilians, including a child. 7562: 7138: 7028: 3822: 3490: 3379: 3355: 3276:, a pan-Kurdish umbrella organisation which includes the PKK. Ex- 3141: 2801: 2733: 2678: 2666: 2558: 2365: 444: 24294:

and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each

16204:

Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence

7631:

On 18 October 2011, a bomb planted by PKK militants exploded in

3821:

helicopter was documented shot down by a PKK-fired Russian made

23386: 22993: 22186: 22181: 20542: 18370: 17851:

From Bullets to Ballots: Violent Muslim Movements in Transition

17562:"Weapons transfers and violations of the laws of war in Turkey" 14218:"Erdogan Says PKK Will "Drown in Blood" After Deaths (Update1)" 11726:

A modern history of the Kurds, By David McDowall, page 415, at

10749: 8228: 8003: 7879: 7844:. Hüseyin Yıldırım, a lawyer and the PKK's former spokesman in 7650: 7625: 7437: 7396: 7225:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

7176:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

7125: 6865: 6450: 4011: 4004: 3854:. HBDH reported that they had killed 11 Turkish riot police in 3761: 3686: 3651: 3359: 3318: 3314: 3137: 3129: 2889:

base likely created incentives for the government to engage in

2698: 2682: 2605: 2510: 2393: 1086: 1074: 1062: 1050: 1038: 1026: 1014: 1002: 990: 978: 966: 954: 942: 930: 918: 906: 894: 882: 870: 858: 846: 834: 822: 810: 798: 786: 774: 762: 752: 163: 158: 19860:"PKK militants kidnap British tourist in Turkey – Turkey News" 19808:"Kurdish families protest against PKK over kidnapped children" 18727:"Terrorism Threat Against Humanity and Democracy The PKK Case" 18210:"VIDEO: Turkish Army executes two female PKK prisoners of war" 17918:

HRW: The Kurds of Turkey: Killings, Disappearances and Torture

14689:"42 Turkish soldiers killed, wounded in Kurdish rebels attack" 10059:"Kurdish PKK leader: We will not withdraw our autonomy demand" 7885:

In March 1984, 4 people from the same family were executed in

6832:"Turkification, Islamization and Modernization". The evolving 3639:

in Paris, revealing Öcalan's talks with the pro-Kurdish party

2658: 23435: 20894: 20664: 17536:

Weapons Transfers and Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey

17056:"Turkey (2003 — First deaths for this phase of the conflict)" 16996:"Twenty-five killed in clashes between Turkish soldiers, PKK" 16718:"Conflict Studies Journal at the University of New Brunswick" 15975:"HSM: İşgalci Türk devleti esirleri imha etmek için saldırdı" 13034:"Court evidence reveals KCK terror network is worse than PKK" 12468:

Martyrs, Traitors, and Patriots: Kurdistan After the Gulf War

11238:"PKK claims deadly suicide bombing at Turkish police station" 10262:"Iraq enforces border positions to prevent Turkish advance |" 9346:. the Department of National Security Affairs. Archived from 9059:"The Kurdistan Freedom Falcons Emerges as a Rival to the PKK" 7661: 7573: 7528: 7403: 7049: 6989: 6750: 6570: 6386: 6352: 6321: 6201: 6197: 3999: 3803: 3773: 3437: 3347: 3329:(which killed five), although the PKK denied responsibility. 3145: 3133: 2926: 2757: 2729: 2717: 2686: 2609: 2562: 2487: 2447:

has led to similar activity there. The conflict has cost the

2375: 1610: 418: 94: 17797: 17409:"Justice Comes from European Court for a Kurdish Journalist" 14975: 14326:"PKK: Twelve Turkish soldiers killed in retaliatory attacks" 12709:"PŞK KDP PARTİYA ŞOREŞA KÜDİSTAN (KÜRDİSTAN DEVRİM PARTİSİ)" 11091:"Justice Comes from European Court for a Kurdish Journalist" 8074:

Merged with the Revolutionary Communard Party (DKP) in 2017.

6971:

soldiers who posed for camera with the severed heads of the

73:(45 years, 10 months, 1 week and 4 days) 20507: 18985:"THE KURDS OF TURKEY: KILLINGS, DISAPPEARANCES AND TORTURE" 18159:"Report on the human rights situation in South-East Turkey" 18113:"Report on the human rights situation in South-East Turkey" 17911:"THE KURDS OF TURKEY: KILLINGS, DISAPPEARANCES AND TORTURE" 14567:"Turkey says 90–100 Kurd rebels killed in north Iraq raids" 13696:"Turkish jets bomb Kurdish rebel hideouts in northern Iraq" 11654:"Report on the human rights situation in South-East Turkey" 10574:

Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts: A Comparative Perspective

10120:

Sex Scandal Shake-Up Reinvigorates Turkish Opposition Party

9453:. Middle-east-online.com. 28 September 2010. Archived from 6446: 6193: 3891: 3690: 3577: 3425: 2910: 2654: 1505: 98: 90: 20405:"THE GLOBAL AFGHAN OPIUM TRADE : A Threat Assessment" 19911:"Rewards for Justice – Wanted for Terrorism – Cemil Bayik" 16692:"Federal Judge Rules Part Of Patriot Act Unconstitutional" 15666:"Three police officers killed in attack in Turkey's north" 13918:"Outline of Kurdish initiative emerges at security summit" 12237:

Prosecutors look into links between suspicious army deaths

12188:

Internationalism is the only response to the Kurdish issue

10538:(1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 3. 9146: 8694: 8692: 7923:

On 25 November 2017, PKK executed 2 of its own members in

7399:, killing more than 30 people, mainly women and children. 7287:

A primary school arsoned by PKK militias on 6 January 2016

7144:

patterns of human rights violations by the Turkish state.

3342:

and shut down many schools and businesses. In August, the

20180: 18776:Özçağlayan, Mehmet; Yavuz Çakıcı, Filiz (1 August 2019). 17798:

Steinvorth, Daniel; Musharbash, Yassin (12 August 2010).

16894:

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1429002

16423:(in Turkish). Ministry of Education. 2000. Archived from 15286:"We really can't succeed against ISIL without Turkey: US" 14818:"Bloodiest PKK Fight in Years Kill Dozens, 6 August 2012" 14415:"Riots in South-Eastern Turkey after Military Operations" 12051:

PKK'ya Dayatılan Tasfiyecilik ve Tasfiyeciligin Tasfiyesi

11119:

The Kurds of Turkey: killings, disappearances and torture

10930: 10928: 7770:

of the town hall in the southeastern Turkish province of

7656:

On 27 April 2016, Eser Cali, a female member of the TAK,

19451:"Diyarbakır patlamasını PKK üstlendi köylüleri suçladı!" 19340:"Ankara bombing: Kurdish militants claim responsibility" 15576:"PKK ve 9 örgütün oluşturduğu grup o saldırıyı üstlendi" 11193: 10141:"PKK Expanding Urban Bombing Campaign in Western Turkey" 8808:"Turkey neutralizes most-wanted PKK terrorist in N Iraq" 8040:

List of Turkish Armed Forces operations in Northern Iraq

7857:(old training camps). If you dig, you will find corpses. 6868:

during the conflict. Former French ambassador to Turkey

5594:. This is the main incident out of the ceasefire period. 3948:

began involving a cross border offensive operation into

3560:

ceded control of several Kurdish cities in Syria to the

20286:"Refworld – Child Soldiers Global Report 2001 – Turkey" 19932:"PKK'da Öcalan'ın diktatörlüğünü reddedenler öldürüldü" 18525:. NY, USA: New York University Press. pp. 115–120. 17533:

Ron, James; Watch (Organization), Human Rights (1995).

17532: 17173:"March 2018 The Return Of The Islamic State Insurgency" 17119:"Zeytin Dalı Harekatı'nda 6 bin 370 terörist öldürüldü" 16942:"Turkish jets 'neutralize' 6 PKK terrorists in N. Iraq" 11983:

Casier, Marlies; Jongerden, Joost (13 September 2010).

11560: 11558: 9722:"Turkish military's best and brightest now behind bars" 8700:"Ocalan's farewell to arms brings Kurds hope for peace" 8689: 8663: 8633: 8607: 8375:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 44–48. 7254:

had employed contract killers from the Grey Wolves and

3783:

Turkish police announcing seizure of PKK ammunition in

3534:. On 17 August 2011, the Turkish Armed Forces launched 2906: 2876:, the first supreme military commander of the PKK, and 2592:, in which the PKK killed two Turkish policemen in the 2470:. The initial reason given by the PKK for this was the 353:

Some Kurdish tribes (until 1985; became Village Guards)

18775: 15606:"HBDH claims responsibility for the action in Giresun" 14274:"PKK says offers Turkey disarmament "with conditions"" 13061: 13059: 11815:

1980 coup leader's defense arguments not legally sound

10966: 10964: 10943:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 10925: 9696:"Kurdish rebels say they shot down Turkish helicopter" 7384:

killing 8 civilians including 4 women and 2 children.

7234:

In October 2019, nine people were executed, including

5577: 5570: 5553: 5346: 5340: 2964:

and the General Commander of the Turkish Gendarmerie,

2724:

on 25 December 1978 in what would become known as the

19758:

Women as Terrorists: Mothers, Recruiters, and Martyrs

14945: 14499:"Kurds raise profile, gain seats in Turkish assembly" 14021:"Dozens of Turkey's pro Kurdish BDP members arrested" 11158:

Turkey : violations of free expression in Turkey

11008: 11006: 9220:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 81. 7602:

On 22 May 2007, a PKK member Güven Akkuş carried out

7454:

On 26 June 1992, 30 PKK militants raided a mosque in

3058:

To counter the PKK, the Turkish military started new

1572:

40,000+ killed, captured, or surrendered (per Turkey)

18330:"State Gangs Like a Garbage Dump Waiting to Explode" 18091: 17101:"Afrin'de 4 bin 448 terörist etkisiz hale getirildi" 15117:"Anatomy of Protests against the invasion of Kobani" 13670:"Turkish air force in major attack on Kurdish camps" 11555: 9851:. Macedoniaonline.eu. 15 August 2009. Archived from 9796:"Turkey says determined to uproot Kurdish rebellion" 9097:"Terrorism versus insurgency: a conceptual analysis" 7768:

a group of Kurdish families staged a sit-in in front

7250:

in the mid-1990s, it was revealed the government of

3832:, an umbrella organization built around the Kurdish 3163: 3140:. He was eventually brought to the Greek embassy in 2936:

agreed to negotiations with the PKK, after the 1991

2785:

in Diyarbakır Prison. In 1983, the conflict reached

24334: 19637:"Son dakika! Hatay'ın İskenderun ilçesinde patlama" 19473:"Diyarbakır'daki patlamayla ilgili önemli gelişme!" 18105: 18054: 17777: 17775: 16694:. Associated Press. 22 January 2004. Archived from 16660:"Humanitarian Law Project v. U.S. Dept. of Justice" 16065:"The killing of captives in Garê and its aftermath" 15177:"Three Turkish soldiers killed in southeast Turkey" 14300:"Turkish army kills 46 PKK militants in last month" 13563:

TURKEY PREPARES FOR CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATION

13377:"Anafartalar saldırısında ölü sayısı 7'ye yükseldi" 13056: 12918:

Leading PKK Commander Cemil Bayik Crosses into Iran

12798:"Turkish Hezbollah (Hizbullah) / Kurdish Hezbollah" 10961: 10311: 9752:"Turkish crackdown fails to halt Kurdish rebellion" 9477:"Turkey looks to Iraq to help end Kurdish conflict" 9254:"Turkish Hezbollah (Hizbullah) / Kurdish Hezbollah" 3156:operation and brought to Turkey, which resulted in 3094: 2796:On 25 October 1986, the third Congress was held in 21250:December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 19292:"32 injured in apparent suicide bombing in Turkey" 19090:"Letter to Italian Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema" 18266:"Looking back at the Susurluk scandal 21 years on" 17199:"Pençe-Kartal Operasyonu'nda 81 hedef imha edildi" 16607: 16493: 16421:"2000 Yılında MEB-Öğretmenlere Yönelik Çalışmalar" 16300:"MOBILIZING THE KURDS IN TURKEY: NEWROZ AS A MYTH" 14377: 14184: 13807:"15 Turkish Soldiers Dead in Fighting With Rebels" 12118: 12116: 11596:"U.N. Accuses Turkey of Killing Hundreds of Kurds" 11050: 11048: 11003: 10936: 10900: 9126:National Police, Intelligence Department Database. 9052: 9050: 9048: 8491:"Soros'un kurduğu örgüt: YPG, PKK'nın Suriye kolu" 7778:to demand the return of their kidnapped children. 7660:near an Ottoman-era mosque in the Turkish city of 7645:On 13 March 2016, a member of the TAK carried out 7572:On 29 October 1996, a suicide bombing occurred in 6967:newspaper published in its front-page pictures of 3890:to eliminate the Kurdish PKK fighters in northern 24072:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) 19680:. Archived from the original on 15 September 2007 18514: 17026:"38 killed in PKK attack on Turkish border posts" 16784:"İşte Yıllara Göre Etkisiz Hale Getirilen PKK'lı" 15039:"Kandil açıklaması meclis'te tansiyonu yükseltti" 14551:. Associated Press. 1 August 2011. Archived from 13633: 13631: 12152: 12150: 12148: 12146: 12144: 12142: 12140: 12138: 12132:, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 17 August 2005 11012: 10086:"PKK 'would disarm for Kurdish rights in Turkey'" 8615:"Turkey: PKK leader calls halt to armed struggle" 7550:. Seven of the victims were members of the local 7508:stated in a letter to the Italian Prime Minister 7364:. Seven of the victims were members of the local 7013:, a war crime under the 1949 Geneva Conventions. 3919:On 14 February 2021, Turkish Minister of Defense 3008:(HEP) were also present at the press conference. 25441: 25084:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present) 24667:East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022) 21090:August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 20284:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 19697:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 18885:"Kurdish Rebels Kill 20 In 2 Villages in Turkey" 18642: 18068: 17978:"Karakol yakını kazıdan 12 insan iskeleti çıktı" 17772: 17763:Letter to Italian Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema 17637:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 17520:"Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey" 15093:(in Turkish). T24. 25 April 2013. Archived from 14461: 14449:Thousands detained in eastern Turkey since March 13819: 12593:"U.S. Helped Turkey Find and Capture Kurd Rebel" 12584: 12283:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 11944:The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East 11702:"Abdullah Öcalan and the development of the PKK" 11409:"U.S. Helped Turkey Find and Capture Kurd Rebel" 10971:Neuberger, Benyamin (2014). Bengio, Ofra (ed.). 7984:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 6861:Both Turkey and the PKK have committed numerous 6032:459 (23), Berçela, Zap and Metina Camp destroyed 5660:Unknown, all militants in the region neutralized 5155:Since 2013: from ceasefire to new confrontations 3886:Kurdish militia. In March 2018, Turkey launched 2303: 25259:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present) 25050:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present) 24466:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present) 24225:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) 21443:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 21383:March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 21100:March 1987 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 20105:"PKK önce infaz etti, sonra başsağlığı diledi!" 20067: 16461: 15696:"Erdogan: Operation in Syria's Afrin has begun" 15316:"Turkey Says It Struck Kurdish Forces in Syria" 15205: 15009:"Kurdish Group to Pull Armed Units from Turkey" 14983:"Turkish capital Ankara hit by twin explosions" 14810: 14659:"26 Turkish soldiers killed in Kurdish attacks" 14266: 13640:"Turkey army launches land offensive into Iraq" 13157: 13155: 13153: 13151: 12913: 12911: 12317:, Taylor & Francis, 9 August 2010. pp. 94–5 12113: 11982: 11161:. 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Archived from 13339: 13337: 13255:"Fresh violence erupts in Turkey | News" 12984:"HADEP History: The People's Democracy Party" 12940:. Menewsline.com. 25 May 2008. Archived from 11497:. Aknews.com. 6 November 2010. Archived from 10398: 10373: 10317: 8922:"Turkey's 'village guards' tired of conflict" 8308:, (New York University Press, 2010), 154–155. 8246:"Kurds demand answers after battles in Cizre" 8170:Jabar, Faleh A; Mansour, Renad, eds. (2019). 7481:massacred 33 unarmed recruits and 5 civilians 7479:On 24 May 1993, a group of 150 PKK militants 7278: 6884: 3444:were held in Turkey in which the pro-Kurdish 2392:is an armed conflict between the Republic of 2289: 1656: 24444:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) 24439:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) 24393:Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present) 22078:Monument of the Martyrs of Internal Security 21622:2009–2010 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire 20762:Democratic Society Coordination of Kurdistan 20183:"İlçeyi karıştıran iddia! PKK infaz etti..." 18446:"Condemnation of Ankara terror attack grows" 18153: 18151: 18128: 16810:"Köy korucuları: Kürtleri PKK'dan koruyoruz" 16654: 16652: 16637: 16635: 16405:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 16098:"Opinion | Turkey Shows What NATO Really Is" 15518:"Turkey: Mounting Security Operation Deaths" 15147:"Kurdish Hizbullah pushed back to the scene" 15065:"Kandil'in Kararına Meclis'ten İlk Tepkiler" 15041:(in Turkish). İnternethaber. 25 April 2013. 14889: 14681: 14509: 14491: 13369: 13282:"Kurd rebels vow to turn Turkey 'into hell'" 13148: 13129: 12908: 11447: 11085: 11083: 10522:, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 90–91. 10374:Brauns, Nicholas; Kiechle, Brigitte (2010). 9479:. Euronews.net. 16 June 2010. 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Archived from 16684: 16444: 16442: 16358:"Turkey: PKK have killed 14,000 since 1984" 15895: 15001: 14407: 14385:"Three killed in clash in Southeast Turkey" 13951:"Turkey's Kurd initiative goes up in smoke" 13940: 13473:"PKK Suspects Held Over Foiled Ankara Bomb" 13065: 12685: 12683: 12590: 12285:"Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey" 12076: 12074: 11978: 11976: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11930: 11928: 11926: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11478: 11262: 11260: 11258: 11019:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 98. 11013:Gunes, Cengiz; Zeydanlioğlu, Welat (2014). 10769: 10630:. Cambridge University Press. p. 134. 10174:. Internal-displacement.org. Archived from 10083: 10014: 10012: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9174: 9131: 9090: 9088: 9086: 8924:. My Sinchew. 19 April 2010. Archived from 8754:. Hurriyetdailynews.com. 14 November 2017. 8050:Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War 7866:. In September 2016, AK Party governors of 7704:On 5 January 2017, PKK members detonated a 7565:, killing 8 people and injuring 29 others. 7535:and claimed responsibility for the attack. 6841:provided a comfortable pretext for Turkish 3878:in Northern Syria, against the Kurdish-led 3724:Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War 3235:struggle forcing reformist leaders such as 2950:a cross-border operation into Northern Iraq 2240:1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives 56:Overview of the PKK–Turkish conflict (2010) 24926:Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015) 24376:2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 24371:2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 24327: 24313: 23379: 23365: 22171: 22157: 21295:August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids 20500: 20486: 20425: 20345: 20311:"Child Soldiers : Global Report 2008" 20181:DOĞUBAYAZIT (Ağrı), (DHA) (28 June 2018). 19754: 19612:"Turkey: Explosion in downtown Iskenderun" 19150:"13 shoppers die in Istanbul arson attack" 18534: 18532: 18371:Bovenkerk, Frank; Yeşilgöz, Yücel (2004). 17756: 17727: 17380:"Police arrest and assistance of a lawyer" 16906:"Kan Uykusu destanı!/Güncel/milliyet blog" 16710: 16210: 16188: 16039:"Şehidin babası: Bu insanlık dışı bir şey" 15769: 14959:(in Turkish). 5 March 2013. Archived from 14635:. The Jamestown Foundation. 6 April 2012. 14591: 13557: 13555: 13530:"Iraqi Kurds: Turkey Shells Across Border" 13433: 13401: 13334: 13134:. Cambridge University Press. p. 59. 12938:"New PKK Leadership Takes Over Insurgency" 12063:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11618: 11566:"PKK leader calls for ceasefire in Turkey" 11268:"Child soldiers in ISIS, PKK, Boko Haram…" 11056:"Police arrest and assistance of a lawyer" 10399:Bilgin, Fevzi; Sarihan, Ali, eds. (2013). 10355:"Turkey: The PKK and a Kurdish settlement" 9933:"Partiya Karkeran Kurdistan [PKK]" 8903:. 25 July 2006. p. 33. Archived from 8860: 8838:"Remzi Kartal ve Zübeyir Aydar tutuklandı" 7004:On 21 January 2016, a report published by 6112:March 1995 Turkish attack on Haftanin Camp 5830:October 1992 Turkish attack on Hakurk Camp 3600: 3400:This major cross-border offensive, dubbed 2296: 2282: 1663: 1649: 1616:militant organization, active against the 24726:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011) 24641:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011) 24398:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present) 21260:2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 20433:"EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report" 20259:"Iraq: Armed Groups Using Child Soldiers" 19790:"MFA - A Report on the PKK and Terrorism" 19720: 18799: 18789: 18670: 18668: 18615:Stanton, Jessica A. (26 September 2016). 18560: 18148: 18118:. 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Amnesty International. 11 August 2015. 17345:Abdulla, Jamal Jalal (7 February 2012). 17284:Rouleau, Eric (November–December 2000). 17277: 17098: 16759: 16439: 16262: 16260: 15636:"HBDH: 11 riot police killed in Trabzon" 15520:. Human Rights Watch. 22 December 2015. 15434:. Council of Europe. 11 September 2015. 14559: 14549:"Kurdish rebels kill 3 Turkish soldiers" 14350: 13095: 13093: 12680: 12656: 12654: 12652: 12650: 12186:en.internationalism.org, 10 April 2013, 12071: 11973: 11940: 11923: 11746:Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée," 11681: 11338: 11255: 10009: 9910: 9820: 9083: 9021:Kurdish strike reminder of forgotten war 8617:. Ansamed. 21 March 2013. Archived from 7418: 7282: 6984: 6904: 6897:Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey 4088: 4033: 4010:Protests are often held on 21 March, or 3896: 3778: 3672: 3619:. 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Sabah News Agency. 28 December 2015. 7640:a car bomb perpetrated by TAK detonated 3718:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present) 2736:where he made contacts with Syrian and 2245:1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire 1437: 1308: 1200: 1180: 14: 25442: 24826:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 24424:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 23101: 22124:Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey 20895:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement 20738:National Liberation Front of Kurdistan 19996: 19994: 19678:"PKK Recruitment of Female Operatives" 19487: 19337: 18825:"Terör kurbanları 22 yıl sonra anıldı" 18665: 18538: 18207: 18185:Political Violence and Kurds in Turkey 18131:"Turkey: a history of sexual violence" 18064:. Human Rights Watch. 5 November 2015. 18033:United States House of Representatives 17423: 17338: 17322: 17254: 17252: 17250: 17227: 16832: 16802: 16776: 16771:Sebahat Tuncel'den tartışılacak sözler 16544: 16387:Holding, APA Information Agency, APA. 16280:from the original on 24 September 2015 16036: 15676:from the original on 27 September 2016 15438:from the original on 26 September 2015 15412:from the original on 12 September 2015 15382:from the original on 10 September 2015 13885: 13795: 13688: 13292:from the original on 25 September 2015 13279: 13261:from the original on 21 September 2021 12635:from the original on 14 September 2019 12489: 12487: 12465: 12253: 12251: 12048: 11720: 11403: 11154: 10794:from the original on 16 September 2020 10732: 10662: 10479: 10470: 10345: 10272:from the original on 26 September 2020 9873: 9527: 9284:"The real challenge to secular Turkey" 9213: 8956: 8954: 8870:. Turkish Armed Forces. Archived from 8368: 6922:village and destroyed all 136 houses. 6856: 6819:Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey 5601: 3882:in Syria (PYD) and the U.S.-supported 3243:and Abdullah Öcalan's younger brother 2728:. In Summer 1979, Öcalan travelled to 2466:by a group of Kurdish students led by 24974:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024) 24513:Maldives political crisis (2011–2013) 24434:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 24366:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 24308: 23360: 22152: 20750:People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan 20481: 19531: 19448: 18691: 18520: 18327: 18238: 18182: 17432: 17258: 16292: 16257: 16095: 16005: 15925:from the original on 17 February 2021 15883:from the original on 14 February 2021 15378:. Armenian Weekly. 9 September 2015. 15356:from the original on 26 November 2015 15326:from the original on 27 December 2016 15296:from the original on 21 November 2015 15067:(in Turkish). Haber3. 25 April 2013. 14903:from the original on 31 December 2012 14873:. 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Archived from 13676:from the original on 17 August 2009 13509:from the original on 15 August 2024 12484: 12444:from the original on 15 August 2024 12345: 12295:from the original on 4 October 2020 12248: 12101:from the original on 15 August 2024 12030:from the original on 15 August 2024 11961:from the original on 15 August 2024 11543:from the original on 15 August 2024 11175:from the original on 15 August 2024 11136:from the original on 15 August 2024 11097:from the original on 3 October 2020 10829:Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey 10687:from the original on 15 August 2024 10644:from the original on 15 August 2024 10552:from the original on 15 August 2024 10535:Contemporary Turkish foreign policy 10138: 9991:"A Report on the PKK and Terrorism" 9629:from the original on 9 October 2011 9621:Birch, Nicholas (20 October 2009). 9540:from the original on 15 August 2024 9502:Head, Jonathan (13 November 2009). 9371:"A New Front in the PKK Insurgency" 9323:from the original on 15 August 2024 9234:from the original on 15 August 2024 9195:from the original on 15 August 2024 9157:from the original on 15 August 2024 9147:International Crisis Group (2018), 9056: 8951: 8144:Doğan, Zülfikar (5 February 2016). 7723:in İskenderun injured 2 civilians. 7241: 6952:victims. The event is known as the 5800:October 1992 Cross-border operation 3509:A demonstration against the PKK in 3055:aimed at stopping the peace plans. 2896: 2771:Torture in Turkey#Deaths in custody 2716:militia killed 109 and injured 176 2712:. During this time, the right-wing 2390:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 2350:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 37:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 24: 25226:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present) 25195:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) 25155:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present) 25105:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997 25100:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003) 24471:Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present) 24181:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) 23606:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 19266:"Five die in Istanbul bus bombing" 16978:"Terör yuvalarına 'Pençe' darbesi" 16268:"Protesting as a Terrorist Offens" 16077:from the original on 11 April 2021 15794:from the original on 25 March 2023 15751:from the original on 18 April 2021 15702:from the original on 6 August 2018 15218:from the original on 29 April 2018 14953:"Here's what was talked in İmralı" 14798:Turkey accuses Assad of arming PKK 14395:from the original on 16 March 2011 14353:"PKK Revokes Cease-Fire in Turkey" 14351:Champion, Marc (3 February 2011). 14027:from the original on 1 August 2012 14001:from the original on 20 April 2010 13898:from the original on 9 August 2020 13783:"Istanbul rocked by twin bombings" 13592:from the original on 20 April 2010 13582:"Turkish MPs back attacks in Iraq" 13499:"Seven Turks killed in rebel raid" 13322:from the original on 25 March 2023 13312:"One injured in Turkey bomb blast" 13235:from the original on 20 April 2010 13205:from the original on 27 April 2020 12746:from the original on 6 August 2011 12734:Huggler, Justin (30 August 2006). 11941:Phillips, David L. (5 July 2017). 11864:from the original on 17 April 2021 11634:from the original on 29 March 2021 10853: 10500:from the original on 30 March 2023 10242:from the original on 25 March 2021 10198:"Iraq warns Turkey over incursion" 10172:"The Kurdish conflict (1984–2006)" 9561:"Would Turkey intervene in Syria?" 9528:Kinzer, Stephen (3 January 2011). 9504:"Turkey unveils reforms for Kurds" 8973:from the original on 28 April 2008 8471:from the original on 28 April 2017 8419:from the original on 19 April 2019 7653:, killing more than 37 civilians. 7391:in the village of Pınarcık in the 7055: 6845:to implement such ideas, and in a 6062:190, Haftanin Camp heavily damaged 5770:August 1992 Cross-border operation 5680:August 1986 Cross-border Operation 5185:Individuals of Unknown Affiliation 2919:armed attacks on Eruh and Semdinli 324:National Intelligence Organization 25: 25526: 24921:Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997) 24742:Indonesian occupation (1975–1999) 24555:Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present) 24018:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt 21320:September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack 20774:Workers' Women Party of Kurdistan 19314:"Timeline: PKK attacks in Turkey" 19152:. Independent UK. 14 March 1999. 18373:"The Turkish Mafia and the State" 18296:"Bit by bit, ugly facts come out" 18208:Tomson, Chris (29 October 2016). 17964:Enforced Disappearances in Turkey 17782:Turkey: Human Rights Developments 17259:Üngör, Ugur Ümit (1 March 2012). 16146:from the original on 29 June 2022 16063:Evin, Mehveş (26 February 2021). 16018:from the original on 6 March 2021 15987:from the original on 4 March 2021 15183:. 25 October 2014. Archived from 14755:from the original on 10 July 2016 14639:from the original on 7 April 2023 14365:from the original on 26 June 2015 14146:from the original on 28 July 2011 14060:from the original on 21 July 2016 13863:. 9 November 2009. Archived from 13704:. 15 January 2008. Archived from 13421:from the original on 21 June 2007 13345:"Bombalı saldırıda sürpriz tanık" 13225:"Kurds 'deny' Turkey resort bomb" 13195:"Turkish resort blast kills five" 12964:CASE OF HADEP AND DEMİR v. TURKEY 12778:from the original on 4 March 2016 12384:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey 12361:. 6 November 2012. Archived from 12327:Gunes, Cengiz (11 January 2013). 11910:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey 11429:from the original on 6 March 2021 11348:American Foreign Policy Interests 11320:from the original on 29 June 2021 10862: 10306:Federation of American Scientists 10065:from the original on 31 July 2012 9754:. 1 November 1992. Archived from 9294:from the original on 25 July 2015 9175:Visweswaran, Kamala, ed. (2013). 8967:Federation of American Scientists 8555:from the original on 27 June 2024 8497:from the original on 27 June 2024 8445:from the original on 27 June 2024 7938: 7893:accused them of being informers. 7760:Federation of American Scientists 6847:Settlement Law was issued in 1934 5916:5 November 1993 – 28 January 1994 5750:Unknown, multiple camps destroyed 5710:March 1987 Cross-border Operation 3164:Unilateral cease-fire (1999–2003) 3158:major protests by Kurds worldwide 2980:on 17 March 1993. Accompanied by 2976:Negotiations led to a unilateral 2818:Kurdistan Popular Liberation Army 2812:. Cooperation with criminals and 2776:In Diyarbakır Prison, PKK member 368:Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK) 25241:Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008) 24591:1994 North Korean nuclear crisis 24492:Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009) 24408:Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995) 24056:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) 23338: 23326: 23314: 23303: 23302: 23290: 22694:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes 22180: 21310:June–August 2012 Hakkari clashes 21221:2000 Turkish Hezbollah crackdown 20944: 20889:Marxist–Leninist Communist Party 20882: 20876:Free Youth Movement of Kurdistan 20864: 20852: 20840: 20828: 20816:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan 20725: 20712: 20693: 20681: 20535: 20453: 20397: 20339: 20303: 20277: 20251: 20226: 20200: 20174: 20148: 20123: 20097: 20041:"Serxwebûn Mayıs 1987 Sayı 65". 20034: 20019: 19976: 19949: 19924: 19903: 19878: 19852: 19826: 19800: 19782: 19748: 19721:Hunsicker, A. (5 January 2019). 19714: 19655: 19629: 19604: 19579: 19553: 19465: 19421: 19365: 19331: 19306: 19284: 19258: 19246:from the original on 24 May 2007 19228: 19216:from the original on 24 May 2007 19198: 19186:from the original on 25 May 2007 19168: 19117: 19108: 19074:Serxwebûn, November 1993, p. 25. 19068: 19016: 18998: 18936: 18914: 18905: 18877: 18843: 18816: 18769: 18757: 18488: 18410: 18364: 18321: 18288: 18258: 18232: 18201: 18176: 17996: 17970: 17949: 17924: 17868: 17819: 17721: 17696: 17684:. Associated Press. 2 March 2016 17670: 17656: 17608: 17592:. Variant.org.uk. Archived from 17582: 17553: 17512: 17486: 17461: 17372: 17263:. OUP Oxford. pp. 153–154. 17209: 17191: 17165: 17139: 17125: 17111: 17078: 17048: 17018: 16988: 16970: 16952: 16934: 16916: 16898: 16887: 16868: 16850: 16820:from the original on 17 May 2023 16732: 16600: 16567:from the original on 2 June 2020 16514: 16487: 16413: 16380: 16350: 16324: 16233:"Kurds in Turkey – page 16" 16176:from the original on 3 July 2022 16158: 16128: 16116:from the original on 26 May 2022 16089: 16056: 16030: 15999: 15967: 15937: 15863: 15831: 15806: 15763: 15733: 15714: 15688: 15556:from the original on 18 May 2016 15536: 15510: 15498:from the original on 9 July 2017 15480: 15450: 15424: 15394: 15368: 15338: 15308: 15278: 15252: 15230: 15206:Richard Spencer (25 June 2015). 15199: 15169: 15139: 15109: 15083: 15057: 15031: 14915: 14863: 14840: 14791: 14767: 14737: 14725:from the original on 9 July 2019 14707: 14437: 14318: 14210: 14158: 14136:"PKK steps up attacks in Turkey" 14128: 14098: 14072: 14046:Arsu, Sebnem (8 December 2009). 14039: 14013: 13910: 13879: 13849: 13773: 13750: 13720: 13662: 13612:Turkish raids along Iraqi border 13604: 13574: 13521: 13491: 13465: 13453:from the original on 6 July 2007 13389:from the original on 9 June 2007 13357:from the original on 4 June 2007 13304: 13273: 13247: 13217: 13187: 13175: 13123: 13026: 13002: 12976: 12956: 12930: 12878: 12851: 12820: 12758: 12727: 12701: 12631:. News24.com. 17 February 2010. 12625:"On this day – February 17" 12617: 12591:Weiner, Tim (20 February 1999). 12459: 12434:"U.S. Cluster Bombs For Turkey?" 12426: 12407: 12307: 12276: 12224: 12199: 12180: 12042: 12003: 11902: 11876: 11834:Bozarslan, Hamit (1 June 2012). 11827: 11803: 11779: 11755: 11646: 11588: 11441: 11397: 11385:from the original on 6 June 2021 11332: 11296: 11215:from the original on 2 June 2022 11187: 11148: 11122:. New York: Human Rights Watch. 11109: 10881:from the original on 2 June 2020 10841:from the original on 3 June 2020 9772:. Thenational.ae. Archived from 9732:from the original on 17 May 2021 9677:Turkey may ban Kurdish DTP party 8999:from the original on 9 July 2016 8963:"Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)" 8868:"NEWS FROM TURKISH ARMED FORCES" 8732:from the original on 5 June 2024 8529:from the original on 22 May 2017 8318:Belge, Ceren (24 January 2011). 8286:from the original on 7 July 2019 8222: 8117: 7996:Office of Foreign Assets Control 7988:European Police Office (EUROPOL) 7678:took place in Dürümlü hamlet in 6459:Turkish strikes on Sinjar (2018) 6052:July 1994 Cross-border operation 5292:. Attackers unidentified so far. 4432: 4038:Funeral of a baby killed in the 3935:Turkish Human Rights Association 3852:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt 3760:bases in Syria's Kurdish region 3450:PKK declared its sixth ceasefire 3412:erupted as the PKK attacked the 3214:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan 3095:Unilateral ceasefire (1995–1996) 2120:Claw-Lightning & Thunderbolt 1600: 1521: 1446: 1426: 1405: 1385: 1364: 1343: 1330: 1317: 1297: 1277: 1256: 1235: 1222: 1209: 1189: 1169: 1149: 1138: 1127: 1116: 1105: 1085: 1073: 1061: 1049: 1037: 1025: 1013: 1001: 989: 977: 965: 953: 941: 929: 917: 905: 893: 881: 869: 857: 845: 833: 821: 809: 797: 785: 773: 761: 751: 731: 720: 709: 697: 670: 656: 642: 630: 618: 606: 594: 582: 567: 552: 540: 511: 492: 478: 466: 454: 438: 426: 411: 399: 387: 375: 360: 317: 287: 273: 261: 243: 231: 219: 207: 195: 183: 171: 157: 50: 25393:Sinai insurgency (2011–present) 25285:Syrian Civil War (2011–present) 25268:Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021) 24683:Myanmar conflict (1948–present) 24429:Kashmir conflict (1947–present) 24361:Kashmir conflict (1947–present) 24238:Yemeni civil war (2014–present) 24207:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon 23961:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq 23339: 21418:December 2016 Istanbul bombings 21245:October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri 20786:Free Women's Party of Kurdistan 20768:Free Women's Union of Kurdistan 19983:"Serxwebûn Mart 1984 Sayı 27". 19449:Haber, Internet (15 May 2016). 19429:"ANF – Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê" 19054:. Manchester University Press. 18496:"Serxwebûn, issue of June 1987" 18328:Balci, Kemal (30 August 1998). 16875:ÇEKİRGE, Fatih (12 July 2010). 14897:"Yes, we negotiate with Öcalan" 14328:. firatnews.com. Archived from 13888:"Troubles in Turkey's Backyard" 13010:"Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)" 12962:European Court Of Human Rights 12470:. Zed Books. pp. 149–150. 12377:1998 Turkey Human Rights Report 11572:. 21 March 2013. Archived from 11208:Genocide Studies and Prevention 10893: 10699: 10656: 10617: 10564: 10525: 10512: 10431: 10405:. Lexington Books. p. 90. 10392: 10367: 10284: 10254: 10222: 10190: 10132: 10110: 10084:O'Byrne, David (21 July 2010). 10077: 10051: 10025: 9983: 9951: 9867: 9841: 9814: 9788: 9762: 9744: 9714: 9688: 9667: 9641: 9614: 9584: 9552: 9521: 9495: 9469: 9443: 9417: 9389: 9362: 9335: 9306: 9276: 9246: 9207: 9168: 9033: 9011: 8940: 8914: 8886: 8830: 8800: 8770: 8744: 8718: 8595: 8567: 8541: 8509: 8483: 8457: 8431: 8077: 8068: 7959:In 2008, a report published by 7828: 7261:Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army 6627:16 June 2020 – 5 September 2020 5968:201 (21), Avaşin Camp destroyed 5650:May 1983 Cross-border Operation 4492:General Directorate of Security 3711: 3410:October 2007 clashes in Hakkari 2620:were destroyed in the clashes. 2234:Peace process and peace efforts 1570:4,695 killed (per Crisis Group) 1553:1,488 killed (per Crisis Group) 664:International Freedom Battalion 89:Turkey, spillovers in Northern 25137:ISIL insurgency (2017–present) 25033:Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011) 24773:Laotian insurgency (1975–2022) 24768:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998) 24662:Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005) 24518:Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006) 21413:Assassination of Deryan Aktert 20744:Liberation Forces OF Kurdistan 20157:"PKK Executes Two Own Members" 19956:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. 19591:Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi 19114:Serxwebûn, January 1994, p. 23 18621:. Cambridge University Press. 17728:Ben Thomas (3 December 2019). 17411:. Kurdish Human Rights Project 17387:European Court of Human Rights 17062:. January 2010. Archived from 16842:. 24 June 2010. Archived from 16816:(in Turkish). 3 January 2016. 15949:Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi 15244:. 29 July 2015. Archived from 14525:. 23 June 2011. Archived from 13886:Marcus, Aliza (12 July 2010). 13040:. 20 June 2010. Archived from 12986:. Ofkparis.org. Archived from 12662:"PKK/KONGRA-GEL and Terrorism" 12532:Group, Taylor Francis (2004). 12087:. Cambridge University Press. 9598:. 1 March 1999. Archived from 8894:"Turkey's Paramilitary Forces" 8549:"PKK ve PYD Europol raporunda" 8401: 8362: 8311: 8298: 8268: 8238: 8214: 8163: 8146:"Erdogan's new Kurdish allies" 8137: 7726: 7375: 7122:Human Rights Association (İHD) 6318:24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017 6228:25 September – 15 October 1997 5740:August 1991 Clean-up Operation 5630:Kurdish forces dead (captured) 5588:6–8 October 2014 Kurdish riots 5288:security forces killed in the 3520:Kurdish protests across Turkey 3080:another cross-border operation 3053:a covert military coup in 1993 2932:In the early 1990s, President 2515:European Court of Human Rights 2070:Airstrikes in Syria & Iraq 1584:killed (1984–2013, per Turkey) 13: 1: 24657:Papua conflict (1969–present) 24008:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 23649:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 21235:2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing 19643:(in Turkish). 27 October 2020 19587:"Explosion in Hatay province" 19125:"Hamzalı katliamı unutulmadı" 18911:Serxwebûn, August 1987, p. 2. 18853:The Kurdish Struggle, 1920–94 18129:Meral Duzgun (10 June 2013). 17286:"Turkey's Dream of Democracy" 17002:. 10 May 2008. Archived from 11522:Özcan, Ali Kemal (2012),p.206 10020:A Modern History of the Kurds 9825:. Looklex.com. Archived from 9798:. Kuna.net.kw. 25 June 2010. 9403:American Enterprise Institute 9396:Rubin, Michael (1 May 2023). 8182:10.5040/9781788318907.ch-0007 8131: 8055:A Modern History of the Kurds 7755:, and detained them briefly. 7319:, and for its involvement in 7189: 5874:350+, İki Yaka Camp destroyed 5627:Turkish allies dead (injured) 5624:Turkish forces dead (wounded) 4095:Uppsala Conflict Data Program 4029: 3696: 3607:Kurdish–Turkish peace process 3456:(DTP). In September Turkey's 3327:2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing 2791:Kurdistan Region–PKK conflict 2628: 2553:In February 1999, PKK leader 2472:oppression of Kurds in Turkey 68: 25505:Wars involving the Peshmerga 25359:Yemeni crisis (2011–present) 25127:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 24799:FULRO insurgency (1964–1992) 24497:JVP insurrection (1987–1989) 24212:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 24199:Turkish involvement in Syria 24083:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 23914:Political violence in Turkey 23848:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 23755:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 23634:Italian bombing of Palestine 23596:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 23545:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 23185:Intangible cultural heritage 22531:Southeastern Anatolia Region 22363:Proclamation of the republic 22109:Kurdish rebellions in Turkey 21373:February 2016 Ankara bombing 21150:Winter Campaign of 1994–1995 20131:"PKK: Yanlışlıkla öldürüldü" 19176:"Vali açıkladı: Canlı bomba" 18791:10.29224/insanveinsan.453020 18553:10.1080/14683849.2012.686575 17560:Ron, James (November 1995). 17177:Musingsoniraq.blogspot.co.uk 17151:Musingsoniraq.blogspot.co.uk 16555:"The prohibition of torture" 16096:Tugal, Cihan (26 May 2022). 15770:Leezenberg, Michiel (2015). 15730:. Reuters. 16 February 2018. 15346:"The hatred never went away" 13417:(in Turkish). 19 June 2007. 13257:. Al Jazeera. 2 April 2006. 13074:(in Turkish). Archived from 13066:Nedim Şener (24 June 2011). 11155:Panico, Christopher (1999). 10865:"The prohibition of torture" 10326:(in Turkish). Archived from 9101:Crime, Law and Social Change 7961:Child Soldiers International 7805:listed the PKK as a foreign 7424:February 2016 Ankara bombing 7263:was reported to be planting 7133:Turkish membership of the EU 6916: 6567:9 October - 25 November 2019 6092:555 (13), Zap Camp destroyed 5976:27 January – 2 February 1994 5908:400+, Balkaya Camp destroyed 5818:12 October – 5 November 1992 5788:5 October – 15 November 1992 3983: 3677:Kurdish PKK guerilla at the 3643:(HDP) to the public via the 3295: 3039:Under the new Presidency of 2972:Unilateral cease-fire (1993) 2921:. During these attacks, one 2901: 2820:(ARGK). A newly established 2635:Revolutionaries of Kurdistan 2419:The main rebel group is the 2308:Kurdish rebellions in Turkey 1626: 178:Ministry of National Defense 126:since September 2014 due to 7: 25364:Houthi takeover (2014–2015) 25231:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 25177:Syrian arena (2012–present) 25160:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 25077:Syrian arena (2012–present) 25028:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996) 24614:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996) 24550:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996) 24403:Religious violence in India 23464:Turkish War of Independence 23448:Unification of Saudi Arabia 22456:Ancient peoples of Anatolia 21398:May 2016 Diyarbakır bombing 21270:October 2008 Aktütün attack 19890:www.washingtoninstitute.org 19497:. Daily Sabah. 17 June 2016 18766:, APO ve PKK. Istanbul 1992 18649:Turkey campaign (Chapter 3) 18075:Turkey campaign (Chapter 2) 17848:David L., Phillips (2011). 17351:. AuthorHouse. p. 36. 16960:"Pençe-2 harekatı başladı!" 16877:"Öfkenin doldurduğu şarjör" 16560:(Torturing). 2003: 11, 13. 13449:(in Turkish). 4 July 2007. 13385:(in Turkish). 7 June 2007. 13353:(in Turkish). 2 June 2007. 12766:"Turkey Country Assessment" 12493:Gunes, Cengiz (2013), p.134 11704:. Xs4all.nl. Archived from 10291:PKK: Targets and activities 9319:. University of Baltimore. 9040:Iran's Kurdish Threat: PJAK 8045:Maoist insurgency in Turkey 8013: 7823:Rewards for Justice Program 7458:and killed 10 worshippers. 6537:24 August 2019 - 4 May 2020 6413:19 March 2018 – 27 May 2019 6122:89, Haftanin Camp destroyed 4458:the claims made and adding 3838:Gendarmerie General Command 3274:Kurdistan Communities Union 2665:, and Ali Haydar Kaytan to 2429:Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê 2105:Claw-Eagle & Claw-Tiger 294:Gendarmerie General Command 10: 25531: 25414:Operation Inherent Resolve 25236:Gaza–Israel (2006–present) 25172:Iran–Israel (1985–present) 25165:Gaza–Israel (2006–present) 25062:Iran–Israel (1985–present) 25023:Kurdish separatism in Iran 24129:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 24123:Houthi insurgency in Yemen 24112:Balochi insurgency in Iran 24088:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq 23924:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq 23919:Islamist uprising in Syria 23897:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 23786:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 23672:Kurdish separatism in Iran 23591:Goharshad Mosque rebellion 22287:Conquest of Constantinople 22099:Kurdish separatism in Iran 21607:2013–2015 Solution process 21368:February 2016 Lice bombing 21358:Şırnak clashes (2015–2016) 19236:"Görgü tanığı: 10 ölü var" 18187:. Routledge. p. 184. 16840:"26 yılın kanlı bilançosu" 15262:. Fox News. Archived from 13068:"26 yılın kanlı bilançosu" 12440:. HRW.org. December 1994. 12331:. Routledge. p. 133. 12262:. Routledge. p. 205. 12210:. Routledge. p. 183. 11304:"Conflict Profile: Turkey" 9959:"TURKEY AND PKK TERRORISM" 9592:"A Terrorist's Bitter End" 8961:Pike, John (21 May 2004). 7628:which was claimed by TAK. 7279:Abuses by the Kurdish side 7273:Operation Euphrates Shield 7151: 7060:Since its foundation, the 6894: 6888: 6885:Abuses by the Turkish side 6816: 6717:17 April 2022 – 4 May 2022 6383:20 January – 24 March 2018 6330:Operation Euphrates Shield 6152:358, Betkar Camp destroyed 5720:Unknown, 3 camps destroyed 5320: 3987: 3721: 3715: 3700: 3627:of the PKK administrators 3604: 3406:an Istanbul double-bombing 3206:Kurdistan Peoples Congress 2691:Nationalist Movement Party 2623: 2474:. At the time, the use of 2250:2013–2015 Solution process 71:27 November 1978 – present 25401: 25383: 25331: 25300: 25277: 25251: 25218: 25187: 25147: 25092: 25067:South Lebanon (1985–2000) 25015: 24999: 24966: 24959: 24934: 24913: 24887: 24871: 24818: 24811: 24760: 24734: 24713: 24675: 24649: 24633: 24626: 24606: 24586:Maritime border incidents 24568: 24542: 24535: 24505: 24479: 24416: 24353: 24346: 24287: 24250: 24155: 24096: 24036: 23969: 23887:Black September in Jordan 23879: 23778: 23722: 23619: 23563: 23517: 23394: 23286: 23019: 22935: 22828: 22794:The constitutional system 22754: 22709: 22654: 22645: 22539: 22487: 22478: 22431: 22398: 22348: 22326:Second Constitutional Era 22311:Decline and modernization 22267: 22228: 22202: 22193: 22086: 22053: 22046: 21961: 21850: 21843: 21728: 21637: 21630: 21592: 21572: 21504: 21497: 21378:March 2016 Ankara bombing 21328: 21227: 21215: 21072: 21046: 21039: 20962: 20926: 20673: 20663: 20616: 20563:National Security Council 20550: 20533: 20515: 19778:– via Google Books. 19744:– via Google Books. 19705:Global Terrorism Analysis 19048:Nachmani, Amikam (2009). 18932:– via Google Books. 18873:– via Google Books. 18638:– via Google Books. 18394:10.1007/978-1-4020-2765-9 17447:10.1017/S0043887115000398 14454:29 September 2012 at the 13975:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 13757:"Hem karadan hem havadan" 12414:Turkey's war on the Kurds 12128:19 September 2016 at the 12049:Öcalan, Abdullah (2006). 11360:10.1080/10803920802022670 10935:McKiernan, Kevin (2006). 10714:(14 ed.). CQ Press. 10360:15 September 2012 at the 9113:10.1007/s10611-015-9601-7 8336:10.1017/S0020743810001212 7370:suicide attacks in Turkey 6936:On 8 September 1993, the 6780: 5575: 5282: 5261:, Jan. to June, ceasefire 5224: 3793:Peoples' Democratic Party 3641:Peoples' Democratic Party 3528:Peace and Democracy Party 3524:Peace and Democracy Party 3460:-government launched the 3374:In May 2007, there was a 3013:National Security Council 2984:at a press conference in 2579:Turkish state and the PKK 2530:, which include civilian 2513:during the conflict. The 2408:, or attempted to secure 2362: 2317: 1682: 1598: 1576: 1544:6,764 killed (per Turkey) 1533: 1462: 684: 350:(Not militarily involved) 344:(Not militarily involved) 148: 60: 49: 41: 36: 25490:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 25369:Civil War (2014–present) 25318:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 25007:Bahraini uprising (2011) 24703:Civil war (2021–present) 23989:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 23984:1980 Turkish coup d'état 23803:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 23735:1953 Iranian coup d'état 23730:1952 Egyptian revolution 23458:1919 Egyptian revolution 23441:Mount Lebanon starvation 22777:Ministry of the Interior 22762:Administrative divisions 22321:First Constitutional Era 21448:2020 İskenderun shootout 21393:May 2016 Dürümlü bombing 21285:2010 Hakkâri bus bombing 21064:1980 Turkish coup d'état 20347:Wilgenburg, Wladimir van 19727:. Universal-Publishers. 19294:. CNN. 20 September 2011 19206:"Ankara'da patlama FLAŞ" 18475:U.S. Department of State 16494:Derk Kinnane-Roelofsma. 15776:The Arab Studies Journal 14803:8 September 2015 at the 13788:21 November 2020 at the 13617:19 February 2019 at the 12886:"Turkey country profile" 12859:"Armed Conflicts Report" 12538:. Taylor & Francis. 12508:History of PKK in Turkey 11737:, accessed on 1 May 2011 10710:. In Lust, Ellen (ed.). 10520:The Dynamic of Secession 10444:. Springer. p. 96. 10296:6 September 2020 at the 10125:10 November 2013 at the 10022:. London 2005, pp 439 ff 9369:Jenkins, Gareth (2010). 8105:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 8061: 8025:Iranian–Kurdish conflict 8002:on behalf of the PKK in 7946:Human Rights Watch (HRW) 7708:outside a courthouse in 7293:Kurdistan Workers' Party 7182:after being tortured by 6507:13 June - 23 August 2019 6010:19 March – 26 April 1994 5958:Operation Mezi-Karyaderi 4077:Humanitarian Law Project 3902:Women's Protection Units 3874:in the Kurdish-majority 3732:In June 2015, the main 3660:an end to armed struggle 3454:Democratic Society Party 3446:Democratic Society Party 3366:, in February, in Iraq. 3262:People's Democracy Party 2421:Kurdistan Workers' Party 2398:Kurdistan Workers' Party 1674:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 1618:Kurdistan Workers' Party 44:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 25510:Kurdistan Region (Iraq) 25460:21st-century rebellions 25455:20th-century rebellions 25354:South Yemen (2009–2015) 25210:Lebanon conflict (2008) 25132:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 24947:Andijan massacre (2005) 24942:Fergana massacre (1989) 24487:JVP insurrection (1971) 24218:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 24066:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War 24061:Yemeni Civil War (1994) 23871:1966 Syrian coup d'état 23798:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 23639:Allied invasion of Iraq 23586:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) 23509:Mahmud Barzanji revolts 22724:Parliamentary elections 22526:Eastern Anatolia Region 22521:Central Anatolia Region 22203:Ancient and Middle Ages 22073:Düzce Military Cemetery 21423:2017 Diyarbakır bombing 21343:Operation Martyr Yalçın 21255:2008 Diyarbakır bombing 21135:May 24, 1993 PKK attack 21130:Operation Northern Iraq 20719:People's Defence Forces 20636:Turkish Revenge Brigade 18893:. Reuters. 10 July 1987 18823:A.A (26 January 2009). 17334:. HRW. 2002. p. 7. 16449:Turkey, US, and the PKK 16305:. etd.lib.metu.edu.tr. 15320:The Wall Street Journal 15013:The Wall Street Journal 14358:The Wall Street Journal 12513:28 January 2020 at the 12242:9 November 2013 at the 12010:White, Paul J. (2000). 11820:20 January 2016 at the 11772:20 January 2012 at the 10532:Çelik, Yasemin (1999). 9888:10.1111/1469-8219.00065 9876:Nations and Nationalism 9682:29 October 2013 at the 8030:Syrian-Kurdish conflict 7688:People's Defence Forces 7669:a bombing in Diyarbakır 7587:at a small sized local 7100:Kurdistan Workers Party 6687:23 April 2021 – present 6425:Operation Tigris Shield 6300:Operation Martyr Yalçın 6040:26 July – 3 August 1994 5938:167, 10 camps destroyed 3972:On 13 November 2022, a 3754:Operation Martyr Yalçın 3601:Peace process 2012–2015 3547: 3500: 3475: 3440:, and on 19 March 2009 3431: 3395: 3369: 3344:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks 3332: 3218:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks 3066:of the countryside and 1489:Total Force: 1,000,000+ 559:Sinjar Resistance Units 348:Turkish Revenge Brigade 268:Turkish National Police 25470:21st century in Turkey 25465:20th century in Turkey 24900:2010 Kyrgyz Revolution 24163:2011 Bahraini uprising 24147:South Yemen insurgency 24028:Abu Nidal's executions 24013:1986 Damascus bombings 23792:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 23644:Syria–Lebanon campaign 23414:Middle Eastern theatre 22895:Science and technology 22729:Presidential elections 22210:Prehistory of Anatolia 22094:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 21617:Musa Anter peace train 21453:Operation Claw-Eagle 2 21353:Siege of Silvan (2015) 21315:2012 Gaziantep bombing 21280:2010 İskenderun attack 21265:2008 Istanbul bombings 21200:1999 Istanbul bombings 20954:(until the late 1980s) 18782:İnsan ve İnsan Dergisi 18745:Cite journal requires 18521:Aliza, Marcus (2007). 18183:Orhun, Mehmet (2016). 17539:. Human Rights Watch. 17060:Armed Conflicts Report 16588:Cite journal requires 15818:9 October 2019 at the 14985:. BBC. 20 March 2013. 13168:1 October 2015 at the 12466:Laizer, S. J. (1996). 12206:Orhan, Mehmet (2016). 12053:. Turkey. p. 365. 11627:Turkey: Events of 2016 10480:Hannum, Hurst (1996). 10318:Mutlu, Servet (2008). 9935:. GlobalSecurity.org. 9313:Dogan, Azimet (2008). 9214:Romano, David (2005). 8369:Marcus, Aliza (2007). 8111:as well as the latest 8020:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 7859: 7758:A report published by 7427: 7353: 7288: 7267:in the countryside of 7223:In February 2017, the 7113: 7092: 7064:has pursued variously 6993: 6927:Turkish special forces 6913: 6882: 6776:Airstrikes successful 6669:Operation Claw-Eagle 2 6622:Airstrikes successful 6579:Operation Peace Spring 6472:Airstrikes successful 6395:Operation Olive Branch 6378:Airstrikes successful 6313:Airstrikes successful 6142:Operation Jerma-Betkar 5882:23 – 26 September 1993 4043: 3914:Operation Peace Spring 3909: 3904:(YPJ) fighters in the 3880:Democratic Union Party 3872:cross-border operation 3788: 3728:Operation Olive Branch 3682: 3514: 3305: 3291:Insurgency (2004–2012) 3181: 3173: 3119:Insurgency (1996–1999) 3035:Insurgency (1993–1995) 2914: 2822:Mahsum Korkmaz Academy 1528:Total Served: 250,000+ 685:Commanders and leaders 202:Special Forces Command 25495:Wars involving Turkey 24861:Republican insurgency 24560:Tibetan unrest (2008) 24003:South Yemen civil war 23902:Shatt al-Arab clashes 23827:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup 23816:North Yemen civil war 23765:1958 Iraqi revolution 23692:1948 Arab–Israeli War 23686:Arab–Israeli conflict 23555:Sheikh Said rebellion 23419:Battle of Robat Karim 22890:Free trade agreements 22772:Intelligence Services 22569:North Anatolian Fault 21898:İsmail Hakkı Karadayı 21580:Mothers of Diyarbakır 21290:2010 Istanbul bombing 18685:7 August 2007 at the 18679:Amnesty International 18659:8 August 2007 at the 18653:Amnesty International 18245:www.christianpost.com 18079:Amnesty International 16469:"The Kurds in Turkey" 16454:13 April 2016 at the 15726:26 April 2018 at the 15464:. 29 September 2015. 15408:. 10 September 2015. 15352:. 12 September 2015. 14784:12 March 2013 at the 12892:. 14 September 2010. 12695:23 March 2011 at the 12193:14 April 2013 at the 11749:Le Monde diplomatique 11733:25 March 2023 at the 11195:Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 10624:Aslan, Senem (2014). 10604:20 March 2024 at the 10571:Baser, Bahar (2016). 10238:. 28 September 2020. 8574:Martin van Bruinessen 8252:. 18 September 2015. 8087:is also known as the 7954:Amnesty International 7862:organization such as 7850: 7638:On 17 February 2016, 7422: 7357:Amnesty International 7349: 7343:government behavior. 7286: 7108: 7087: 7072:policies towards the 7011:collective punishment 7006:Amnesty International 6998:Amnesty International 6988: 6947:On 26 March 1994 the 6908: 6895:Further information: 6874: 6817:Further information: 6801:from connecting with 6747:20 - 28 November 2022 6742:Operation successful 6712:Operation successful 6657:10 – 14 February 2021 6652:Operation successful 6592:Operation successful 6562:Operation successful 6532:Operation successful 6502:Operation successful 6477:27 May - 12 June 2019 6438:Operation successful 6408:Operation successful 6344:Operation successful 6283:Operation successful 6253:Operation successful 6223:Operation successful 6185:Operation successful 6155:Operation successful 6125:Operation successful 6095:Operation successful 6070:20 March – 4 May 1995 6065:Operation successful 6035:Operation successful 6005:Operation successful 5971:Operation successful 5941:Operation successful 5911:Operation successful 5877:Operation successful 5843:Operation successful 5813:Operation successful 5783:Operation successful 5753:Operation successful 5723:Operation successful 5693:Operation successful 5663:Operation successful 5586:*: mainly due to the 4089:Before 2012 ceasefire 4037: 3900: 3782: 3676: 3508: 3303: 3179: 3171: 2978:cease-fire by the PKK 2909: 2858:Mehmet Result Altinok 2828:, and a new military 2720:Kurds in the town of 2701:, Elazig, and Antep. 2590:Ceylanpınar incidents 2546:, and involvement in 2496:military coup of 1980 2333:Sheikh Said rebellion 2328:Beytussebab rebellion 1534:Casualties and losses 972:İsmail Hakkı Karadayı 547:Êzîdxan Women's Units 118:Peace process attempt 25515:Rebellions in Turkey 25344:al-Qaeda (1998–2015) 25323:Turkey–ISIL conflict 25122:Iraq War (2003–2011) 24142:Fatah–Hamas conflict 24078:Operation Desert Fox 24051:1991 Iraqi uprisings 24045:Gulf War (1990–1991) 23956:Grand Mosque seizure 23934:Yemenite War of 1979 23892:Yemenite War of 1972 23832:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup 23822:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup 23576:Ahmed Barzani revolt 23487:Turkish–Armenian War 23274:World heritage sites 22799:Turkish Armed Forces 22684:Constitutional Court 22598:Flora and vegetation 22576:Environmental issues 22564:East Anatolian Fault 22511:Mediterranean Region 22055:Memorials, monuments 22029:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 21475:Operation Claw-Sword 21348:2015 Hakkari assault 21205:Blue Market massacre 21170:1996 Tunceli bombing 21120:1992 Taşdelen attack 20238:Anadoluturkhaber.com 19709:Jamestown Foundation 19565:www.duvarenglish.com 18924:. Human Rights Watch 18085:14 July 2007 at the 17738:Agence France-Presse 17000:Monsters and Critics 16910:blog.milliyet.com.tr 16698:on 11 September 2015 15879:. 15 February 2021. 15494:. 30 December 2015. 15187:on 23 September 2015 14555:on 1 September 2011. 13997:. 11 December 2009. 13812:21 July 2016 at the 13708:on 16 September 2011 13568:3 March 2016 at the 12923:3 March 2016 at the 11796:21 July 2017 at the 11791:Erdogan pulls it off 11407:(20 February 1999). 10206:. 23 February 2008. 9776:on 14 September 2012 9625:. Warincontext.org. 9427:. Asiantribune.com. 9064:Jamestown Foundation 9026:14 June 2011 at the 8993:"The PKK in Numbers" 8784:. 18 November 2021. 7719:On 26 October 2020, 7335:In the early 1980s, 7022:notes in 1992 that: 6763:Operation Claw-Sword 6639:Operation Claw-Tiger 6609:Operation Claw-Eagle 6190:12 May – 7 July 1997 5946:6 – 13 November 1993 5848:13 – 19 August 1993 5290:Ceylanpınar incident 3978:Operation Claw-Sword 3967:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 3819:Bell AH-1 SuperCobra 3703:2014 Kobanî protests 3006:People's Labor Party 2753:on the Syrian side. 2575:unilateral ceasefire 2569:on an island in the 2567:he remains in prison 2523:forced disappearance 2484:deny their existence 2441:Turkish Armed Forces 2439:has resulted in the 2000:2015 airport bombing 1622:Government of Turkey 1578:Civilian casualties: 1469:Turkish Armed Forces 704:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 250:Turkish Naval Forces 214:Turkish Armed Forces 24523:Operation All Clear 24290:This list includes 24258:2021 Beirut clashes 24118:2004 Qamishli riots 23995:Turkey–PKK conflict 23951:1979 Qatif Uprising 23770:1959 Mosul uprising 23760:1958 Lebanon crisis 23707:1973 Yom Kippur War 23678:Iran crisis of 1946 23666:Al-Wathbah uprising 23656:1943 Barzani revolt 23550:Great Syrian Revolt 23530:Iraqi Revolt (1920) 23453:Simko Shikak revolt 22843:Banking and Finance 22461:History of Anatolia 22358:War of Independence 22350:Republic of Türkiye 22247:Battle of Manzikert 22068:33 Martyrs Memorial 22060:military cemeteries 21831:Sırrı Süreyya Önder 21781:Selahattin Demirtaş 21736:Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar 21480:2023 Ankara bombing 21463:Zakho resort attack 21458:Operation Claw-Lock 21438:2018 Gercüş bombing 21408:2016 Elazığ bombing 21363:Siege of Sur (2016) 21300:2011 Hakkâri attack 21240:2007 Ankara bombing 20471:on 5 November 2021. 20349:(28 October 2013). 20186:www.hurriyet.com.tr 19864:Hürriyet Daily News 19838:Hürriyet Daily News 18949:. 20 January 2016. 18829:www.hurriyet.com.tr 18302:. 29 January 1998. 17006:on 4 September 2012 16881:www.hurriyet.com.tr 16864:on 7 February 2016. 16846:on 29 October 2019. 16767:Hürriyet Daily News 15847:. 10 October 2019. 15549:The Washington Post 15322:. 27 October 2015. 15290:Hurriyet Daily News 15153:. 27 October 2014. 15123:. 18 October 2014. 14963:on 17 December 2013 14929:. 10 January 2013. 14665:. 19 October 2011. 14445:Hurriyet Daily News 14389:Hurriyet Daily News 14248:Hurriyet Daily News 14140:Hurriyet Daily News 14086:on 25 November 2011 13928:on 27 November 2010 13768:Hurriyet Daily News 13762:22 May 2011 at the 13588:. 18 October 2007. 13534:The Washington Post 13446:Hürriyet Daily News 13414:Hürriyet Daily News 13382:Hürriyet Daily News 13350:Hürriyet Daily News 12969:26 May 2011 at the 12517:, 14 September 2009 12504:Hürriyet Daily News 12403:on 5 February 2009. 12365:on 6 November 2012. 11884:"Gundem-online.com" 11800:, 13 September 2010 11708:on 15 December 2010 11537:Hürriyet Daily News 11501:on 12 December 2010 11466:on 12 November 2021 10874:. pp. 11, 13. 10706:Eder, Mine (2016). 10663:Joseph, J. (2006). 10518:Bartkus, Viva Ona, 10438:Balci, Ali (2016). 9758:on 5 November 2012. 9602:on 10 December 2008 8812:Hürriyet Daily News 8782:www.hurriyet.com.tr 8645:Hürriyet Daily News 8085:Turkey–PKK conflict 7950:United Nations (UN) 7747:, near the town of 7447:and in Guroymak in 7229:Southeastern Turkey 7184:Turkish authorities 6878:Ministry of Justice 6857:Human rights abuses 6729:Operation Claw-Lock 6258:21–29 February 2008 5602:External operations 5301:, Jul. to Dec., war 5225:Ceasefire known as 3974:bombing in Istanbul 3946:Operation Claw-Lock 3888:military operations 3589:. According to the 3414:2008 Aktütün attack 3323:hit and run tactics 3043:and Premiership of 2923:Turkish Gendarmerie 2740:leaders. After the 2030:Istanbul (Dec 2016) 2025:Istanbul (Oct 2016) 2020:Istanbul (Jun 2016) 1516:Currently: 116,000+ 301:(until early 1990s) 238:Turkish Land Forces 18:Turkey–PKK conflict 25429:Colour revolutions 25349:Houthi (2004–2015) 25290:Regional spillover 25200:Lebanon War (2006) 25072:Lebanon War (2006) 23939:Iranian Revolution 23908:Lebanese Civil War 23854:1948 Palestine war 23601:1935 Yazidi revolt 23492:Franco-Turkish War 22900:Telecommunications 22689:Court of Cassation 22390:Multi-party period 22299:Ottoman Old Regime 22220:Byzantine Anatolia 22215:Classical Anatolia 22129:Turkish war crimes 22019:Ahmet Necdet Sezer 21903:Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu 21470:2022 Mersin attack 21403:2016 Cizre bombing 21388:2016 Bursa bombing 21338:2015 Siirt bombing 21140:Başbağlar massacre 20732:Free Women's Units 20265:. 22 December 2016 20263:Human Rights Watch 20155:English, Basnews. 19096:. 20 November 1998 19094:Human Rights Watch 19010:2011-11-25 at the 18992:Human Rights Watch 18890:The New York Times 18594:Human Rights Watch 18426:. 27 February 2021 18358:5 May 2021 at the 18276:on 29 January 2021 18220:on 10 January 2019 18042:on 31 January 2007 17880:Human Rights Watch 17786:Human Rights Watch 17767:Human Rights Watch 17744:on 3 December 2019 17596:on 12 January 2016 17566:Human Rights Watch 17331:Human Rights Watch 17121:. 20 January 2022. 17066:on 7 February 2011 16747:on 31 January 2011 16610:Human Rights Watch 16458:, 21 December 2007 16338:on 26 October 2014 16102:The New York Times 15911:The New York Times 15492:The New York Times 14828:on 26 October 2014 14719:Globalsecurity.org 14605:. 23 August 2011. 14575:. 23 August 2011. 14529:on 25 January 2014 14479:on 26 October 2014 14172:on 12 October 2012 14053:The New York Times 13867:on 12 October 2012 13837:on 11 January 2021 13803:The New York Times 13479:on 19 October 2012 13318:. 30 August 2006. 13078:on 25 January 2014 13044:on 15 October 2012 13022:on 18 August 2008. 12973:, 14 December 2010 12865:on 7 February 2011 12827:McGregor, Andrew. 12576:has generic name ( 12438:Human Rights Watch 12382:(Report). Ankara: 11600:The New York Times 11448:Miron Varouhakis. 11414:The New York Times 11284:on 16 October 2016 11199:Fernandes, Desmond 10903:Human Rights Watch 10671:Palgrave Macmillan 10614:, 17 February 2008 10611:The New York Times 10178:on 31 January 2011 10039:on 14 January 2013 9728:. 6 January 2012. 9702:on 13 October 2011 9571:on 5 February 2012 9483:on 4 December 2010 9350:on 20 January 2016 9030:, 26 February 2007 8874:on 5 November 2015 8814:. 7 October 2019. 8706:on 5 November 2018 8304:Metelits, Claire, 8097:Kurdish insurgency 8035:Iraq–Turkey border 7506:Human Rights Watch 7428: 7309:summary executions 7289: 7180:public humiliation 7158:Human Rights Watch 7104:Human Rights Watch 7096:Human Rights Watch 7083:Human Rights Watch 7062:Republic of Turkey 7020:Human Rights Watch 6994: 6914: 6891:Turkish war crimes 6839:Kurdish rebellions 6813:Demographic effect 5728:5 – 13 August 1991 5159:The Belgium-based 4443:possibly contains 4044: 3944:On 17 April 2022, 3910: 3812:Human Rights Watch 3789: 3750:2015 Suruç bombing 3683: 3515: 3462:Kurdish initiative 3390:Dağlıca, Yüksekova 3340:Diyarbakır Airport 3306: 3182: 3174: 3060:counter-insurgency 3029:Doğu Çalışma Grubu 2929:, two days later. 2915: 2854:Mehmet Ali Cetiner 2536:summary executions 2433:Northern Kurdistan 1594:villages destroyed 1101:Current commanders 960:Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu 816:Ahmet Necdet Sezer 692:Current commanders 25500:Conflicts in 2022 25475:Turkish Kurdistan 25437: 25436: 25384:Inter-continental 25379: 25378: 25313:DHKP/C insurgency 25308:Maoist insurgency 24955: 24954: 24807: 24806: 24698:Rohingya conflict 24622: 24621: 24531: 24530: 24449:Kargil War (1999) 24381:Kargil War (1999) 24340:conflicts in Asia 24302: 24301: 23525:Franco-Syrian War 23482:Greco-Turkish War 23470:Anglo-Turkish War 23436:Assyrian genocide 23431:Armenian genocide 23402:Italo-Turkish War 23354: 23353: 23282: 23281: 22824: 22823: 22767:Foreign relations 22741:Political parties 22641: 22640: 22474: 22473: 22466:History of Thrace 22368:Atatürk's reforms 22259:Anatolian beyliks 22146: 22145: 22142: 22141: 22042: 22041: 22014:Necmettin Erbakan 21839: 21838: 21786:Nurettin Demirtaş 21595:and peace efforts 21588: 21587: 21493: 21492: 21275:Reşadiye shooting 21110:Yeşilova incident 21105:Pınarcık massacre 21035: 21034: 20955: 20919: 20804:People's Congress 20659: 20658: 20626:Counter-Guerrilla 20440:Europol.europa.eu 20085:on 6 October 2010 20063:: 8. August 1987. 19567:. 29 October 2020 19519:(in Turkish). T24 19318:www.aljazeera.com 18764:Mehmet Ali Birand 18596:. 20 January 1999 17882:. 1 November 2010 17270:978-0-19-164076-6 17240:Joost Jongerden. 17036:on 14 August 2018 16642:Los Angeles Times 16427:on 1 October 2005 15828:, 9 October 2019. 15670:Doğan News Agency 15640:Firat News Agency 15610:Firat News Agency 15015:. 25 April 2013. 14877:on 1 October 2012 14391:. 15 March 2011. 13734:. 13 March 2008. 13732:Socialist Project 13672:. Flight Global. 13625:, 24 October 2007 13172:, 24 October 2007 12835:. Jamestown.org. 12808:on 2 January 2015 12477:978-1-85649-396-3 12338:978-1-136-58798-6 12269:978-1-134-21130-2 12235:, 11 April 2012, 12168:on 6 October 2010 11849:10.4000/ejts.4663 11776:, 19 January 2012 11602:. 10 March 2017. 10872:Council of Europe 10597:Toumani, Meline. 10493:978-0-8122-1572-4 10147:. Jamestown.org. 10139:Jenkins, Gareth. 10018:McDowall, David. 9581:, 5 February 2011 9342:T. Nugent, John. 9264:on 2 January 2015 9067:. Jamestown.org. 8910:on 27 March 2009. 8647:. 21 March 2013. 8467:. 28 April 2017. 8441:. 28 April 2016. 8382:978-0-8147-5711-6 8199:978-1-78673-549-2 8101:Kurdish rebellion 8057:by David McDowall 7933:24 June elections 7925:Duhok Governorate 7721:a suicide bombing 7585:molotov cocktails 7559:a suicide bombing 7557:On 30 June 1996, 7297:terrorist tactics 7206:" (Free Agenda). 6954:Kuşkonar massacre 6938:Turkish Air Force 6876:According to the 6794: 6793: 6134:Northwestern Iran 5992:Operation Alandüz 5584: 5583: 5152: 5151: 4488: 4487: 4480: 4445:original research 4426: 4425: 4072:Los Angeles Times 3797:Council of Europe 3376:bombing in Ankara 3222:Turkish Hezbollah 2767:Diyarbakır Prison 2762:Turkish Kurdistan 2639:Ali Haydar Kaytan 2528:terrorist tactics 2519:arbitrary arrests 2457:tourism in Turkey 2449:economy of Turkey 2412:, and/or greater 2383: 2382: 2322:Koçgiri rebellion 2271: 2270: 2152:Syria (2023 June) 2010:Ankara (Mar 2016) 2005:Ankara (Feb 2016) 1829:Second insurgency 1639: 1638: 1607:Turkish Hezbollah 1476:: 148,700 (2009) 1471:: 639,551 (2016): 1392:Ali Haydar Kaytan 864:Necmettin Erbakan 757:Osman Pamukoğlu 504:Anti-Terror Units 485:YPG International 336:Counter-Guerrilla 226:Turkish Air Force 144: 143: 97:and Northwestern 16:(Redirected from 25522: 25339:Civil war (1994) 24964: 24963: 24895:1990 Osh clashes 24879:Ethnic conflicts 24816: 24815: 24793: 24786: 24631: 24630: 24596:2017–2018 crisis 24574: 24540: 24539: 24351: 24350: 24329: 24322: 24315: 24306: 24305: 24264:Israel–Hamas war 24191:Syrian civil war 24174:Sinai insurgency 24135:2006 Lebanon War 23810:Dhofar Rebellion 23745:Cyprus Emergency 23740:Jebel Akhdar War 23712:1982 Lebanon War 23702:1967 Six-Day War 23611:Dersim rebellion 23571:Ararat rebellion 23475:Al-Jazeera Front 23381: 23374: 23367: 23358: 23357: 23342: 23341: 23330: 23329: 23318: 23317: 23306: 23305: 23294: 23099: 23098: 22984:Cities and towns 22965:Turkish language 22920:Turkish Airlines 22736:Electoral system 22699:Council of State 22652: 22651: 22586:Waste management 22516:Black Sea Region 22494: 22485: 22484: 22439:Turkic migration 22385:One-party period 22254:Sultanate of Rum 22200: 22199: 22185: 22184: 22173: 22166: 22159: 22150: 22149: 22114:Kurdish refugees 22051: 22050: 21989:Yıldırım Akbulut 21974:Süleyman Demirel 21953:Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu 21943:Erdal Ceylanoğlu 21928:Aydoğan Babaoğlu 21863:Tahsin Şahinkaya 21848: 21847: 21710:Hüseyin Velioğlu 21705:Muhammad Mustafa 21635: 21634: 21502: 21501: 21305:Roboski massacre 21185:Operation Hammer 21115:Battle of Şırnak 21080:1984 PKK attacks 21044: 21043: 20953: 20949: 20948: 20947: 20913: 20887: 20886: 20885: 20869: 20868: 20867: 20857: 20856: 20855: 20845: 20844: 20843: 20833: 20832: 20831: 20780:Free Women Party 20730: 20729: 20728: 20717: 20716: 20715: 20698: 20697: 20696: 20686: 20685: 20684: 20671: 20670: 20641:Susurluk scandal 20548: 20547: 20541: 20539: 20538: 20502: 20495: 20488: 20479: 20478: 20473: 20472: 20467:. Archived from 20465:www.treasury.gov 20457: 20451: 20450: 20448: 20446: 20437: 20429: 20423: 20422: 20420: 20418: 20409: 20401: 20395: 20394: 20392: 20390: 20375: 20366: 20365: 20363: 20361: 20343: 20337: 20336: 20334: 20332: 20326: 20320:. Archived from 20315: 20307: 20301: 20300: 20298: 20296: 20281: 20275: 20274: 20272: 20270: 20255: 20249: 20248: 20246: 20244: 20230: 20224: 20223: 20221: 20219: 20204: 20198: 20197: 20195: 20193: 20178: 20172: 20171: 20169: 20167: 20152: 20146: 20145: 20143: 20141: 20127: 20121: 20120: 20118: 20116: 20111:. 2 October 2018 20101: 20095: 20094: 20092: 20090: 20081:. Archived from 20071: 20065: 20064: 20056: 20047: 20046: 20038: 20032: 20031: 20023: 20017: 20016: 20014: 20012: 19998: 19989: 19988: 19980: 19974: 19973: 19971: 19969: 19953: 19947: 19946: 19944: 19942: 19928: 19922: 19921: 19919: 19917: 19907: 19901: 19900: 19898: 19896: 19882: 19876: 19875: 19873: 19871: 19856: 19850: 19849: 19847: 19845: 19830: 19824: 19823: 19821: 19819: 19804: 19798: 19797: 19786: 19780: 19779: 19777: 19775: 19752: 19746: 19745: 19743: 19741: 19718: 19712: 19702: 19696: 19688: 19686: 19685: 19675:Ali Özcan, Nihat 19673: 19667: 19666: 19659: 19653: 19652: 19650: 19648: 19633: 19627: 19626: 19624: 19622: 19608: 19602: 19601: 19599: 19597: 19583: 19577: 19576: 19574: 19572: 19557: 19551: 19550: 19548: 19546: 19541:. 6 January 2017 19535: 19529: 19528: 19526: 19524: 19513: 19507: 19506: 19504: 19502: 19491: 19485: 19484: 19482: 19480: 19469: 19463: 19462: 19460: 19458: 19446: 19440: 19439: 19437: 19435: 19425: 19419: 19418: 19416: 19414: 19405:. Archived from 19395: 19389: 19388: 19386: 19384: 19369: 19363: 19362: 19360: 19358: 19335: 19329: 19328: 19326: 19324: 19310: 19304: 19303: 19301: 19299: 19288: 19282: 19281: 19279: 19277: 19262: 19256: 19255: 19253: 19251: 19232: 19226: 19225: 19223: 19221: 19202: 19196: 19195: 19193: 19191: 19172: 19166: 19165: 19163: 19161: 19146: 19140: 19139: 19137: 19135: 19121: 19115: 19112: 19106: 19105: 19103: 19101: 19086: 19075: 19072: 19066: 19065: 19045: 19039: 19038: 19036: 19034: 19028: 19020: 19014: 19002: 18996: 18995: 18989: 18981: 18966: 18965: 18963: 18961: 18955: 18948: 18940: 18934: 18933: 18931: 18929: 18918: 18912: 18909: 18903: 18902: 18900: 18898: 18881: 18875: 18874: 18872: 18870: 18847: 18841: 18840: 18838: 18836: 18820: 18814: 18813: 18803: 18793: 18773: 18767: 18761: 18755: 18754: 18748: 18743: 18741: 18733: 18731: 18723: 18717: 18716: 18714: 18712: 18698: 18689: 18672: 18663: 18646: 18640: 18639: 18637: 18635: 18612: 18606: 18605: 18603: 18601: 18586: 18575: 18574: 18564: 18536: 18527: 18526: 18518: 18512: 18511: 18509: 18507: 18502:on 4 August 2020 18492: 18486: 18485: 18483: 18481: 18467: 18461: 18460: 18458: 18456: 18442: 18436: 18435: 18433: 18431: 18414: 18408: 18407: 18377: 18368: 18362: 18351: 18349: 18347: 18338:. Archived from 18325: 18319: 18318: 18316: 18314: 18292: 18286: 18285: 18283: 18281: 18272:. Archived from 18262: 18256: 18255: 18253: 18251: 18236: 18230: 18229: 18227: 18225: 18216:. Archived from 18205: 18199: 18198: 18180: 18174: 18173: 18171: 18169: 18163: 18155: 18146: 18145: 18143: 18141: 18126: 18120: 18119: 18117: 18109: 18103: 18102: 18095: 18089: 18072: 18066: 18065: 18058: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18047: 18041: 18035:. Archived from 18030: 18022: 18016: 18015: 18013: 18011: 18000: 17994: 17993: 17991: 17989: 17974: 17968: 17967: 17961: 17953: 17947: 17946: 17944: 17942: 17928: 17922: 17921: 17915: 17907: 17892: 17891: 17889: 17887: 17872: 17866: 17865: 17845: 17839: 17838: 17836: 17834: 17823: 17817: 17816: 17814: 17812: 17795: 17789: 17779: 17770: 17760: 17754: 17753: 17751: 17749: 17740:. Archived from 17725: 17719: 17718: 17716: 17714: 17700: 17694: 17693: 17691: 17689: 17674: 17668: 17667: 17660: 17654: 17653: 17651: 17649: 17634: 17628: 17627: 17625: 17623: 17612: 17606: 17605: 17603: 17601: 17586: 17580: 17579: 17557: 17551: 17550: 17530: 17524: 17523: 17516: 17510: 17509: 17507: 17505: 17490: 17484: 17483: 17481: 17479: 17465: 17459: 17458: 17430: 17421: 17420: 17418: 17416: 17405: 17399: 17398: 17396: 17394: 17384: 17376: 17370: 17369: 17367: 17365: 17342: 17336: 17335: 17326: 17320: 17319: 17314:. Archived from 17304:10.2307/20049970 17281: 17275: 17274: 17256: 17245: 17238: 17225: 17224: 17213: 17207: 17206: 17203:www.sozcu.com.tr 17195: 17189: 17188: 17186: 17184: 17169: 17163: 17162: 17160: 17158: 17143: 17137: 17136: 17129: 17123: 17122: 17115: 17109: 17108: 17096: 17090: 17089: 17082: 17076: 17075: 17073: 17071: 17052: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17041: 17032:. Archived from 17022: 17016: 17015: 17013: 17011: 16992: 16986: 16985: 16974: 16968: 16967: 16956: 16950: 16949: 16938: 16932: 16931: 16920: 16914: 16913: 16902: 16896: 16891: 16885: 16884: 16872: 16866: 16865: 16860:. Archived from 16854: 16848: 16847: 16836: 16830: 16829: 16827: 16825: 16806: 16800: 16799: 16797: 16795: 16780: 16774: 16763: 16757: 16756: 16754: 16752: 16736: 16730: 16729: 16727: 16725: 16714: 16708: 16707: 16705: 16703: 16688: 16682: 16681: 16679: 16677: 16672:on 16 March 2012 16671: 16665:. Archived from 16664: 16656: 16647: 16639: 16630: 16629: 16613: 16604: 16598: 16597: 16591: 16586: 16584: 16576: 16574: 16572: 16566: 16559: 16551: 16542: 16541: 16539: 16537: 16518: 16512: 16511: 16509: 16507: 16498:. Archived from 16491: 16485: 16484: 16482: 16480: 16471:. Archived from 16465: 16459: 16446: 16437: 16436: 16434: 16432: 16417: 16411: 16410: 16404: 16396: 16384: 16378: 16377: 16375: 16373: 16354: 16348: 16347: 16345: 16343: 16334:. Archived from 16328: 16322: 16321: 16319: 16317: 16311: 16304: 16296: 16290: 16289: 16287: 16285: 16279: 16272: 16264: 16255: 16254: 16252: 16250: 16244: 16238:. Archived from 16237: 16229: 16208: 16199: 16186: 16185: 16183: 16181: 16162: 16156: 16155: 16153: 16151: 16142:. 29 June 2022. 16132: 16126: 16125: 16123: 16121: 16093: 16087: 16086: 16084: 16082: 16060: 16054: 16053: 16051: 16049: 16034: 16028: 16027: 16025: 16023: 16003: 15997: 15996: 15994: 15992: 15971: 15965: 15964: 15962: 15960: 15941: 15935: 15934: 15932: 15930: 15902: 15893: 15892: 15890: 15888: 15867: 15861: 15860: 15858: 15856: 15835: 15829: 15810: 15804: 15803: 15801: 15799: 15767: 15761: 15760: 15758: 15756: 15747:. 11 June 2018. 15737: 15731: 15718: 15712: 15711: 15709: 15707: 15692: 15686: 15685: 15683: 15681: 15672:. 19 July 2016. 15662: 15656: 15655: 15653: 15651: 15642:. 21 July 2016. 15632: 15626: 15625: 15623: 15621: 15602: 15596: 15595: 15593: 15591: 15572: 15566: 15565: 15563: 15561: 15540: 15534: 15533: 15531: 15529: 15514: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15503: 15484: 15478: 15477: 15475: 15473: 15454: 15448: 15447: 15445: 15443: 15428: 15422: 15421: 15419: 15417: 15398: 15392: 15391: 15389: 15387: 15372: 15366: 15365: 15363: 15361: 15342: 15336: 15335: 15333: 15331: 15312: 15306: 15305: 15303: 15301: 15282: 15276: 15275: 15273: 15271: 15256: 15250: 15249: 15248:on 29 July 2015. 15234: 15228: 15227: 15225: 15223: 15203: 15197: 15196: 15194: 15192: 15173: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15162: 15143: 15137: 15136: 15134: 15132: 15113: 15107: 15106: 15104: 15102: 15097:on 28 April 2013 15091:"Silahlara veda" 15087: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15076: 15061: 15055: 15054: 15052: 15050: 15035: 15029: 15028: 15026: 15024: 15005: 14999: 14998: 14996: 14994: 14979: 14973: 14972: 14970: 14968: 14949: 14943: 14942: 14940: 14938: 14919: 14913: 14912: 14910: 14908: 14893: 14887: 14886: 14884: 14882: 14867: 14861: 14860:, 17 August 2012 14859: 14857: 14855: 14850:. 17 August 2012 14844: 14838: 14837: 14835: 14833: 14824:. Archived from 14814: 14808: 14795: 14789: 14775:The Miami Herald 14771: 14765: 14764: 14762: 14760: 14741: 14735: 14734: 14732: 14730: 14711: 14705: 14704: 14702: 14700: 14685: 14679: 14678: 14676: 14674: 14655: 14649: 14648: 14646: 14644: 14625: 14619: 14618: 14616: 14614: 14595: 14589: 14588: 14586: 14584: 14563: 14557: 14556: 14545: 14539: 14538: 14536: 14534: 14513: 14507: 14506: 14495: 14489: 14488: 14486: 14484: 14475:. Archived from 14465: 14459: 14441: 14435: 14434: 14432: 14430: 14411: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14400: 14381: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14370: 14348: 14342: 14341: 14339: 14337: 14332:on 20 March 2012 14322: 14316: 14315: 14313: 14311: 14306:on 26 April 2012 14296: 14290: 14289: 14287: 14285: 14270: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14259: 14240: 14234: 14233: 14231: 14229: 14214: 14208: 14207: 14205: 14203: 14188: 14182: 14181: 14179: 14177: 14162: 14156: 14155: 14153: 14151: 14132: 14126: 14125: 14123: 14121: 14102: 14096: 14095: 14093: 14091: 14076: 14070: 14069: 14067: 14065: 14043: 14037: 14036: 14034: 14032: 14017: 14011: 14010: 14008: 14006: 13987: 13981: 13980: 13974: 13966: 13964: 13962: 13947: 13938: 13937: 13935: 13933: 13914: 13908: 13907: 13905: 13903: 13883: 13877: 13876: 13874: 13872: 13853: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13842: 13833:. Archived from 13823: 13817: 13816:, 4 October 2008 13799: 13793: 13777: 13771: 13754: 13748: 13747: 13745: 13743: 13724: 13718: 13717: 13715: 13713: 13692: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13666: 13660: 13659: 13657: 13655: 13635: 13626: 13608: 13602: 13601: 13599: 13597: 13578: 13572: 13559: 13550: 13549: 13547: 13545: 13525: 13519: 13518: 13516: 13514: 13495: 13489: 13488: 13486: 13484: 13469: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13458: 13437: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13426: 13405: 13399: 13398: 13396: 13394: 13373: 13367: 13366: 13364: 13362: 13341: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13327: 13308: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13297: 13277: 13271: 13270: 13268: 13266: 13251: 13245: 13244: 13242: 13240: 13231:. 17 July 2005. 13221: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13210: 13201:. 16 July 2005. 13191: 13185: 13179: 13173: 13159: 13146: 13145: 13127: 13121: 13120: 13118: 13116: 13107:. Archived from 13097: 13088: 13087: 13085: 13083: 13063: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13049: 13030: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13015:. Archived from 13014: 13006: 13000: 12999: 12997: 12995: 12980: 12974: 12960: 12954: 12953: 12951: 12949: 12934: 12928: 12915: 12906: 12905: 12903: 12901: 12882: 12876: 12874: 12872: 12870: 12861:. Archived from 12855: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12824: 12818: 12817: 12815: 12813: 12804:. Archived from 12794: 12788: 12787: 12785: 12783: 12777: 12770: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12731: 12725: 12724: 12722: 12720: 12711:. Archived from 12705: 12699: 12687: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12658: 12645: 12644: 12642: 12640: 12621: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12610: 12588: 12582: 12581: 12575: 12571: 12569: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12529: 12518: 12500: 12494: 12491: 12482: 12481: 12463: 12457: 12456: 12451: 12449: 12430: 12424: 12423:, 13 August 2005 12419:14 July 2012 at 12411: 12405: 12404: 12402: 12396:. Archived from 12381: 12373: 12367: 12366: 12349: 12343: 12342: 12324: 12318: 12311: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12300: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12255: 12246: 12228: 12222: 12221: 12203: 12197: 12184: 12178: 12177: 12175: 12173: 12164:. Archived from 12154: 12133: 12120: 12111: 12110: 12108: 12106: 12078: 12069: 12068: 12062: 12054: 12046: 12040: 12039: 12037: 12035: 12007: 12001: 12000: 11980: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11938: 11921: 11906: 11900: 11899: 11897: 11895: 11886:. Archived from 11880: 11874: 11873: 11871: 11869: 11851: 11831: 11825: 11824:, 21 March 2012. 11807: 11801: 11783: 11777: 11759: 11753: 11752:, February 1981. 11744: 11738: 11724: 11718: 11717: 11715: 11713: 11698: 11679: 11678: 11673: 11671: 11665: 11658: 11650: 11644: 11643: 11641: 11639: 11622: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11611: 11592: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11581: 11576:on 21 March 2013 11562: 11553: 11552: 11550: 11548: 11539:. 22 July 2015. 11529: 11523: 11520: 11511: 11510: 11508: 11506: 11491: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11465: 11459:. Archived from 11454: 11445: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11401: 11395: 11394: 11392: 11390: 11384: 11345: 11336: 11330: 11329: 11327: 11325: 11319: 11308: 11300: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11283: 11277:. Archived from 11272: 11264: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11248: 11234: 11225: 11224: 11222: 11220: 11191: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11180: 11152: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11113: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11087: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11073: 11067: 11060: 11052: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11010: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10968: 10959: 10958: 10942: 10932: 10923: 10922: 10906: 10897: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10880: 10869: 10863:Reidy, Aisling. 10860: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10846: 10840: 10833: 10825: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10793: 10787:(Report). 2014. 10786: 10778: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10741: 10730: 10729: 10703: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10669:. Basingstoke : 10660: 10654: 10653: 10651: 10649: 10621: 10615: 10595: 10589: 10588: 10568: 10562: 10561: 10559: 10557: 10529: 10523: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10505: 10477: 10468: 10467: 10465: 10463: 10435: 10429: 10428: 10426: 10424: 10396: 10390: 10389: 10371: 10365: 10352: 10343: 10342: 10340: 10338: 10332: 10325: 10315: 10309: 10288: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10258: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10247: 10226: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10167: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10136: 10130: 10114: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10081: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10070: 10055: 10049: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10035:. Archived from 10029: 10023: 10016: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9970: 9964:. Archived from 9963: 9955: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9929: 9908: 9907: 9871: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9855:on 15 March 2012 9845: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9818: 9812: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9792: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9766: 9760: 9759: 9748: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9737: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9692: 9686: 9671: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9645: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9618: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9588: 9582: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9567:. Archived from 9556: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9525: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9499: 9493: 9492: 9490: 9488: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9339: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9310: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9280: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9260:. Archived from 9250: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9211: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9172: 9166: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9144: 9129: 9128: 9092: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9057:Brandon, James. 9054: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9015: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9004: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8958: 8949: 8944: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8928:on 21 April 2010 8918: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8898: 8890: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8774: 8768: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8739: 8737: 8722: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8696: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8571: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8487: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8435: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8315: 8309: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8242: 8236: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8218: 8212: 8211: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8141: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8113:Kurdish uprising 8093:Kurdish question 8089:Kurdish conflict 8081: 8075: 8072: 8008:drug trafficking 8000:drug trafficking 7978:Drug trafficking 7965:Southeast Turkey 7803:State Department 7693:On 7 June 2016, 7674:On 12 May 2016, 7647:a suicide attack 7604:a suicide attack 7589:department store 7321:drug trafficking 7299:, which include 7248:Susurluk scandal 7242:Drug trafficking 7156:In August 1992, 6996:In August 2015, 6949:Turkish military 6665:Rescue operation 6549:Operation Claw-3 6519:Operation Claw-2 6489:Operation Claw-1 6210:Operation Hammer 6130:20 – 21 May 1995 5898:Operation Govent 5826:Rescue Operation 5609: 5608: 5579: 5572: 5555: 5348: 5342: 5227:Solution process 5167: 5166: 4497: 4496: 4483: 4476: 4472: 4469: 4463: 4460:inline citations 4436: 4435: 4428: 4101: 4100: 4063:Turkish military 4016:Suleyman Demirel 3962:2022 NATO summit 3864:Free Syrian Army 3856:Trabzon Province 3842:Giresun Province 3808:Hakkâri Province 3654:celebrations in 3621:Solution Process 3554:Syrian civil war 3422:Hakkâri Province 3268:was imprisoned. 3186:Qandil Mountains 3125:Operation Hammer 3041:Süleyman Demirel 2990:Süleyman Demirel 2897:First insurgency 2751:1982 Lebanon War 2661:, Haki Karer to 2586:conflict resumed 2557:was arrested in 2548:drug trafficking 2476:Kurdish language 2445:Syrian Kurdistan 2344:Dersim rebellion 2338:Ararat rebellion 2312: 2311: 2309: 2298: 2291: 2284: 2275: 2274: 2162:Syria (2023 Oct) 2050:Euphrates Shield 1917:Third insurgency 1885:2011 border raid 1690:First insurgency 1677: 1675: 1665: 1658: 1651: 1642: 1641: 1629: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1439: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1420: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1400: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1379: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1358: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1337:Hüseyin Yıldırım 1335: 1334: 1333: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1310: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1292: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1271: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1250: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1202: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1182: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1163:Past commanders: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1090: 1089: 1078: 1077: 1066: 1065: 1054: 1053: 1042: 1041: 1030: 1029: 1018: 1017: 1006: 1005: 994: 993: 982: 981: 970: 969: 958: 957: 946: 945: 934: 933: 922: 921: 910: 909: 898: 897: 888:Yıldırım Akbulut 886: 885: 874: 873: 862: 861: 850: 849: 838: 837: 826: 825: 814: 813: 804:Süleyman Demirel 802: 801: 790: 789: 778: 777: 766: 765: 756: 755: 745:Past commanders: 736: 735: 734: 725: 724: 723: 714: 713: 712: 706: 702: 701: 700: 675: 674: 673: 661: 660: 659: 647: 646: 645: 635: 634: 633: 623: 622: 621: 611: 610: 609: 599: 598: 597: 587: 586: 585: 572: 571: 570: 557: 556: 555: 545: 544: 543: 516: 515: 514: 497: 496: 495: 483: 482: 481: 471: 470: 469: 459: 458: 457: 443: 442: 441: 431: 430: 429: 416: 415: 414: 404: 403: 402: 392: 391: 390: 380: 379: 378: 365: 364: 363: 322: 321: 320: 292: 291: 290: 278: 277: 276: 266: 265: 264: 248: 247: 246: 236: 235: 234: 224: 223: 222: 212: 211: 210: 200: 199: 198: 188: 187: 186: 176: 175: 174: 162: 161: 70: 62: 61: 54: 34: 33: 21: 25530: 25529: 25525: 25524: 25523: 25521: 25520: 25519: 25485:Iraqi Kurdistan 25440: 25439: 25438: 25433: 25397: 25385: 25375: 25327: 25296: 25273: 25247: 25214: 25183: 25143: 25088: 25011: 24995: 24951: 24930: 24909: 24883: 24867: 24831:Afghan conflict 24803: 24789: 24782: 24756: 24730: 24709: 24693:Kachin conflict 24671: 24645: 24618: 24602: 24581:Korean conflict 24572: 24570: 24564: 24527: 24501: 24475: 24412: 24342: 24333: 24303: 24298: 24296: 24283: 24246: 24168:Egyptian Crisis 24151: 24092: 24032: 23965: 23875: 23864:Second Intifada 23774: 23718: 23615: 23581:Simele massacre 23559: 23540:Adwan Rebellion 23513: 23390: 23385: 23355: 23350: 23278: 23097: 23093:Women in Turkey 23061:Law enforcement 23015: 23011:Life expectancy 22977:Islam in Turkey 22931: 22820: 22782:National Police 22750: 22705: 22637: 22628:Turkish Riviera 22535: 22492: 22491: 22470: 22427: 22394: 22373:Language reform 22344: 22263: 22224: 22189: 22179: 22177: 22147: 22138: 22134:Iraq operations 22104:Rojava conflict 22082: 22057: 22038: 21957: 21923:Yaşar Büyükanıt 21913:İbrahim Fırtına 21844:Turkish leaders 21835: 21771:Tuncer Bakırhan 21724: 21650:Murat Karayılan 21645:Abdullah Öcalan 21631:Kurdish leaders 21626: 21594: 21584: 21568: 21489: 21433:2018 Siirt raid 21324: 21223: 21211: 21195:Operation Murat 21165:Operation Tokat 21155:Operation Steel 21068: 21031: 20958: 20945: 20943: 20922: 20883: 20881: 20865: 20863: 20853: 20851: 20841: 20839: 20829: 20827: 20726: 20724: 20713: 20711: 20694: 20692: 20682: 20680: 20655: 20612: 20536: 20534: 20529: 20511: 20506: 20476: 20459: 20458: 20454: 20444: 20442: 20435: 20431: 20430: 20426: 20416: 20414: 20407: 20403: 20402: 20398: 20388: 20386: 20377: 20376: 20369: 20359: 20357: 20344: 20340: 20330: 20328: 20327:on 28 June 2017 20324: 20313: 20309: 20308: 20304: 20294: 20292: 20282: 20278: 20268: 20266: 20257: 20256: 20252: 20242: 20240: 20232: 20231: 20227: 20217: 20215: 20206: 20205: 20201: 20191: 20189: 20179: 20175: 20165: 20163: 20161:www.basnews.com 20153: 20149: 20139: 20137: 20129: 20128: 20124: 20114: 20112: 20103: 20102: 20098: 20088: 20086: 20073: 20072: 20068: 20058: 20057: 20050: 20040: 20039: 20035: 20025: 20024: 20020: 20010: 20008: 20000: 19999: 19992: 19982: 19981: 19977: 19967: 19965: 19954: 19950: 19940: 19938: 19930: 19929: 19925: 19915: 19913: 19909: 19908: 19904: 19894: 19892: 19884: 19883: 19879: 19869: 19867: 19858: 19857: 19853: 19843: 19841: 19832: 19831: 19827: 19817: 19815: 19806: 19805: 19801: 19788: 19787: 19783: 19773: 19771: 19769: 19753: 19749: 19739: 19737: 19735: 19719: 19715: 19690: 19689: 19683: 19681: 19676: 19674: 19670: 19661: 19660: 19656: 19646: 19644: 19635: 19634: 19630: 19620: 19618: 19610: 19609: 19605: 19595: 19593: 19585: 19584: 19580: 19570: 19568: 19559: 19558: 19554: 19544: 19542: 19537: 19536: 19532: 19522: 19520: 19515: 19514: 19510: 19500: 19498: 19493: 19492: 19488: 19478: 19476: 19471: 19470: 19466: 19456: 19454: 19447: 19443: 19433: 19431: 19427: 19426: 19422: 19412: 19410: 19397: 19396: 19392: 19382: 19380: 19371: 19370: 19366: 19356: 19354: 19336: 19332: 19322: 19320: 19312: 19311: 19307: 19297: 19295: 19290: 19289: 19285: 19275: 19273: 19264: 19263: 19259: 19249: 19247: 19242:. 22 May 2007. 19234: 19233: 19229: 19219: 19217: 19212:. 22 May 2007. 19204: 19203: 19199: 19189: 19187: 19182:. 23 May 2007. 19174: 19173: 19169: 19159: 19157: 19148: 19147: 19143: 19133: 19131: 19123: 19122: 19118: 19113: 19109: 19099: 19097: 19088: 19087: 19078: 19073: 19069: 19062: 19046: 19042: 19032: 19030: 19026: 19022: 19021: 19017: 19012:Wayback Machine 19003: 18999: 18987: 18983: 18982: 18969: 18959: 18957: 18953: 18946: 18942: 18941: 18937: 18927: 18925: 18920: 18919: 18915: 18910: 18906: 18896: 18894: 18883: 18882: 18878: 18868: 18866: 18864: 18848: 18844: 18834: 18832: 18821: 18817: 18774: 18770: 18762: 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17955: 17954: 17950: 17940: 17938: 17930: 17929: 17925: 17913: 17909: 17908: 17895: 17885: 17883: 17874: 17873: 17869: 17862: 17846: 17842: 17832: 17830: 17825: 17824: 17820: 17810: 17808: 17796: 17792: 17780: 17773: 17761: 17757: 17747: 17745: 17734:The Japan Times 17726: 17722: 17712: 17710: 17702: 17701: 17697: 17687: 17685: 17682:Theguardian.com 17676: 17675: 17671: 17662: 17661: 17657: 17647: 17645: 17635: 17631: 17621: 17619: 17614: 17613: 17609: 17599: 17597: 17588: 17587: 17583: 17576: 17558: 17554: 17547: 17531: 17527: 17518: 17517: 17513: 17503: 17501: 17492: 17491: 17487: 17477: 17475: 17467: 17466: 17462: 17431: 17424: 17414: 17412: 17407: 17406: 17402: 17392: 17390: 17382: 17378: 17377: 17373: 17363: 17361: 17359: 17343: 17339: 17328: 17327: 17323: 17318:on 7 June 2007. 17291:Foreign Affairs 17282: 17278: 17271: 17257: 17248: 17239: 17228: 17215: 17214: 17210: 17205:. 15 June 2020. 17197: 17196: 17192: 17182: 17180: 17171: 17170: 17166: 17156: 17154: 17145: 17144: 17140: 17131: 17130: 17126: 17117: 17116: 17112: 17097: 17093: 17084: 17083: 17079: 17069: 17067: 17054: 17053: 17049: 17039: 17037: 17024: 17023: 17019: 17009: 17007: 16994: 16993: 16989: 16976: 16975: 16971: 16958: 16957: 16953: 16940: 16939: 16935: 16922: 16921: 16917: 16904: 16903: 16899: 16892: 16888: 16873: 16869: 16856: 16855: 16851: 16838: 16837: 16833: 16823: 16821: 16808: 16807: 16803: 16793: 16791: 16782: 16781: 16777: 16764: 16760: 16750: 16748: 16737: 16733: 16723: 16721: 16716: 16715: 16711: 16701: 16699: 16690: 16689: 16685: 16675: 16673: 16669: 16662: 16658: 16657: 16650: 16640: 16633: 16626: 16606: 16605: 16601: 16589: 16587: 16578: 16577: 16570: 16568: 16564: 16557: 16553: 16552: 16545: 16535: 16533: 16520: 16519: 16515: 16505: 16503: 16492: 16488: 16478: 16476: 16475:on 26 June 2015 16467: 16466: 16462: 16456:Wayback Machine 16447: 16440: 16430: 16428: 16419: 16418: 16414: 16398: 16397: 16385: 16381: 16371: 16369: 16356: 16355: 16351: 16341: 16339: 16330: 16329: 16325: 16315: 16313: 16309: 16302: 16298: 16297: 16293: 16283: 16281: 16277: 16270: 16266: 16265: 16258: 16248: 16246: 16245:on 16 July 2011 16242: 16235: 16231: 16230: 16211: 16200: 16189: 16179: 16177: 16172:. 3 July 2022. 16164: 16163: 16159: 16149: 16147: 16134: 16133: 16129: 16119: 16117: 16094: 16090: 16080: 16078: 16061: 16057: 16047: 16045: 16035: 16031: 16021: 16019: 16004: 16000: 15990: 15988: 15973: 15972: 15968: 15958: 15956: 15943: 15942: 15938: 15928: 15926: 15903: 15896: 15886: 15884: 15869: 15868: 15864: 15854: 15852: 15837: 15836: 15832: 15820:Wayback Machine 15811: 15807: 15797: 15795: 15768: 15764: 15754: 15752: 15739: 15738: 15734: 15728:Wayback Machine 15719: 15715: 15705: 15703: 15694: 15693: 15689: 15679: 15677: 15664: 15663: 15659: 15649: 15647: 15634: 15633: 15629: 15619: 15617: 15604: 15603: 15599: 15589: 15587: 15574: 15573: 15569: 15559: 15557: 15552:. 14 May 2016. 15542: 15541: 15537: 15527: 15525: 15516: 15515: 15511: 15501: 15499: 15486: 15485: 15481: 15471: 15469: 15456: 15455: 15451: 15441: 15439: 15430: 15429: 15425: 15415: 15413: 15400: 15399: 15395: 15385: 15383: 15374: 15373: 15369: 15359: 15357: 15344: 15343: 15339: 15329: 15327: 15314: 15313: 15309: 15299: 15297: 15284: 15283: 15279: 15269: 15267: 15266:on 29 July 2015 15258: 15257: 15253: 15236: 15235: 15231: 15221: 15219: 15204: 15200: 15190: 15188: 15175: 15174: 15170: 15160: 15158: 15145: 15144: 15140: 15130: 15128: 15115: 15114: 15110: 15100: 15098: 15089: 15088: 15084: 15074: 15072: 15063: 15062: 15058: 15048: 15046: 15037: 15036: 15032: 15022: 15020: 15007: 15006: 15002: 14992: 14990: 14981: 14980: 14976: 14966: 14964: 14951: 14950: 14946: 14936: 14934: 14921: 14920: 14916: 14906: 14904: 14895: 14894: 14890: 14880: 14878: 14869: 14868: 14864: 14853: 14851: 14846: 14845: 14841: 14831: 14829: 14816: 14815: 14811: 14807:, 9 August 2012 14805:Wayback Machine 14796: 14792: 14786:Wayback Machine 14772: 14768: 14758: 14756: 14749:Financial Times 14743: 14742: 14738: 14728: 14726: 14713: 14712: 14708: 14698: 14696: 14687: 14686: 14682: 14672: 14670: 14657: 14656: 14652: 14642: 14640: 14627: 14626: 14622: 14612: 14610: 14597: 14596: 14592: 14582: 14580: 14565: 14564: 14560: 14547: 14546: 14542: 14532: 14530: 14515: 14514: 14510: 14505:. 14 June 2011. 14497: 14496: 14492: 14482: 14480: 14467: 14466: 14462: 14456:Wayback Machine 14442: 14438: 14428: 14426: 14413: 14412: 14408: 14398: 14396: 14383: 14382: 14378: 14368: 14366: 14349: 14345: 14335: 14333: 14324: 14323: 14319: 14309: 14307: 14298: 14297: 14293: 14283: 14281: 14280:on 24 July 2011 14272: 14271: 14267: 14257: 14255: 14242: 14241: 14237: 14227: 14225: 14216: 14215: 14211: 14201: 14199: 14198:on 21 June 2010 14190: 14189: 14185: 14175: 14173: 14164: 14163: 14159: 14149: 14147: 14142:. 30 May 2010. 14134: 14133: 14129: 14119: 14117: 14104: 14103: 14099: 14089: 14087: 14078: 14077: 14073: 14063: 14061: 14044: 14040: 14030: 14028: 14019: 14018: 14014: 14004: 14002: 13989: 13988: 13984: 13968: 13967: 13960: 13958: 13949: 13948: 13941: 13931: 13929: 13916: 13915: 13911: 13901: 13899: 13884: 13880: 13870: 13868: 13855: 13854: 13850: 13840: 13838: 13831:Todayonline.com 13825: 13824: 13820: 13814:Wayback Machine 13800: 13796: 13790:Wayback Machine 13778: 13774: 13770:, 27 Nisan 2008 13764:Wayback Machine 13755: 13751: 13741: 13739: 13726: 13725: 13721: 13711: 13709: 13694: 13693: 13689: 13679: 13677: 13668: 13667: 13663: 13653: 13651: 13636: 13629: 13619:Wayback Machine 13609: 13605: 13595: 13593: 13580: 13579: 13575: 13570:Wayback Machine 13560: 13553: 13543: 13541: 13526: 13522: 13512: 13510: 13505:. 4 June 2007. 13497: 13496: 13492: 13482: 13480: 13471: 13470: 13466: 13456: 13454: 13439: 13438: 13434: 13424: 13422: 13409:"8'inci kurban" 13407: 13406: 13402: 13392: 13390: 13375: 13374: 13370: 13360: 13358: 13343: 13342: 13335: 13325: 13323: 13310: 13309: 13305: 13295: 13293: 13286:The Independent 13278: 13274: 13264: 13262: 13253: 13252: 13248: 13238: 13236: 13223: 13222: 13218: 13208: 13206: 13193: 13192: 13188: 13180: 13176: 13170:Wayback Machine 13160: 13149: 13142: 13128: 13124: 13114: 13112: 13111:on 5 March 2016 13099: 13098: 13091: 13081: 13079: 13064: 13057: 13047: 13045: 13032: 13031: 13027: 13019: 13012: 13008: 13007: 13003: 12993: 12991: 12990:on 27 July 2011 12982: 12981: 12977: 12971:Wayback Machine 12961: 12957: 12947: 12945: 12944:on 26 June 2015 12936: 12935: 12931: 12925:Wayback Machine 12916: 12909: 12899: 12897: 12884: 12883: 12879: 12868: 12866: 12857: 12856: 12852: 12842: 12840: 12825: 12821: 12811: 12809: 12796: 12795: 12791: 12781: 12779: 12775: 12768: 12764: 12763: 12759: 12749: 12747: 12740:The Independent 12732: 12728: 12718: 12716: 12715:on 26 June 2015 12707: 12706: 12702: 12697:Wayback Machine 12688: 12681: 12671: 12669: 12660: 12659: 12648: 12638: 12636: 12623: 12622: 12618: 12608: 12606: 12589: 12585: 12573: 12572: 12563: 12562: 12555: 12553: 12546: 12530: 12521: 12515:Wayback Machine 12501: 12497: 12492: 12485: 12478: 12464: 12460: 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10526: 10517: 10513: 10503: 10501: 10494: 10478: 10471: 10461: 10459: 10452: 10436: 10432: 10422: 10420: 10413: 10397: 10393: 10386: 10372: 10368: 10362:Wayback Machine 10353: 10346: 10336: 10334: 10333:on 5 March 2016 10330: 10323: 10316: 10312: 10298:Wayback Machine 10289: 10285: 10275: 10273: 10260: 10259: 10255: 10245: 10243: 10228: 10227: 10223: 10213: 10211: 10196: 10195: 10191: 10181: 10179: 10168: 10164: 10154: 10152: 10137: 10133: 10127:Wayback Machine 10115: 10111: 10101: 10099: 10082: 10078: 10068: 10066: 10057: 10056: 10052: 10042: 10040: 10031: 10030: 10026: 10017: 10010: 10000: 9998: 9989: 9988: 9984: 9974: 9972: 9968: 9961: 9957: 9956: 9952: 9942: 9940: 9931: 9930: 9911: 9872: 9868: 9858: 9856: 9847: 9846: 9842: 9832: 9830: 9829:on 29 June 2020 9819: 9815: 9805: 9803: 9794: 9793: 9789: 9779: 9777: 9768: 9767: 9763: 9750: 9749: 9745: 9735: 9733: 9720: 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9694: 9693: 9689: 9684:Wayback Machine 9672: 9668: 9658: 9656: 9647: 9646: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9619: 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8581:, BRILL, 1997, 8572: 8568: 8558: 8556: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8532: 8530: 8515: 8514: 8510: 8500: 8498: 8489: 8488: 8484: 8474: 8472: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8448: 8446: 8437: 8436: 8432: 8422: 8420: 8413:BBC News Türkçe 8407: 8406: 8402: 8383: 8367: 8363: 8316: 8312: 8303: 8299: 8289: 8287: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8215: 8200: 8176:. I.B. Tauris. 8168: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8129: 8128: 8122: 8118: 8082: 8078: 8073: 8069: 8064: 8016: 7980: 7941: 7834:Abdullah Öcalan 7831: 7811:Murat Karayılan 7753:Bingöl Province 7729: 7676:a truck bombing 7658:blew herself up 7533:Mardin Province 7510:Massimo D'Alema 7499:Bitlis Province 7474:Bitlis Province 7463:Bingöl Province 7449:Bitlis Province 7445:Batman Province 7393:Mardin Province 7382:Şırnak Province 7378: 7345:Abdullah Öcalan 7337:Abdullah Öcalan 7313:suicide bombers 7281: 7244: 7192: 7154: 7141: 7066:assimilationist 7058: 7056:State terrorism 7046:mass migrations 6919: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6859: 6821: 6815: 6796: 6288:24–25 July 2015 6172:Operation Tokat 6082:Operation Steel 6022:Operation Ejder 5864:Operation Kirpi 5604: 5595: 5592:siege of Kobani 5176:Security forces 5157: 4503:Security forces 4484: 4473: 4467: 4464: 4449: 4437: 4433: 4091: 4032: 4024:Abdullah Öcalan 3992: 3986: 3950:Iraqi Kurdistan 3870:allies began a 3828:On 6 May 2016, 3730: 3720: 3714: 3705: 3699: 3609: 3603: 3566:Ahmet Davutoglu 3558:Bashar al-Assad 3550: 3503: 3478: 3442:local elections 3434: 3398: 3372: 3335: 3298: 3293: 3249:Murat Karayilan 3190:Iraqi Kurdistan 3180:KONGRA-GEL flag 3166: 3121: 3113:Iraqi Kurdistan 3097: 3085:Iraqi Kurdistan 3037: 3021:Çewlik massacre 2974: 2904: 2899: 2891:state terrorism 2838:Murat Karayilan 2787:Iraqi Kurdistan 2657:, Kemal Pir to 2631: 2626: 2555:Abdullah Öcalan 2540:suicide bombers 2468:Abdullah Öcalan 2437:Iraqi Kurdistan 2386: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2373: 2358: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2272: 2267: 2254: 2231: 2166: 2142:Istanbul (2022) 1946:Arslan Kulaksız 1766:Winter campaign 1687: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1635: 1625: 1601: 1599: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1562: 1560: 1552: 1545: 1543: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1498:: 60,000–75,000 1491: 1487: 1486:: 65,000 (2010) 1482: 1477: 1472: 1458: 1455: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1416: 1406: 1404: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1375: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1298: 1296: 1288: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1246: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1176:Abdullah Öcalan 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1158: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1139: 1137: 1136: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1112:Murat Karayılan 1106: 1104: 1103: 1096: 1084: 1072: 1060: 1048: 1044:Ahmet Davutoğlu 1036: 1032:Binali Yıldırım 1024: 1012: 1000: 988: 976: 964: 952: 940: 936:Yaşar Büyükanıt 928: 916: 904: 892: 880: 868: 856: 844: 832: 820: 808: 796: 784: 772: 760: 750: 747: 746: 741: 732: 730: 729: 721: 719: 718: 710: 708: 707: 698: 696: 695: 694: 671: 669: 668: 657: 655: 643: 641: 631: 629: 625:THKP-C/MLSPB-DC 619: 617: 607: 605: 595: 593: 583: 581: 568: 566: 553: 551: 541: 539: 535:Sinjar Alliance 512: 510: 493: 491: 479: 477: 467: 465: 455: 453: 439: 437: 427: 425: 412: 410: 400: 398: 388: 386: 376: 374: 361: 359: 318: 316: 288: 286: 274: 272: 262: 260: 244: 242: 232: 230: 220: 218: 208: 206: 196: 194: 184: 182: 172: 170: 156: 135:since July 2015 133:Renewed warfare 128:Siege of Kobani 101: 72: 55: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 25528: 25518: 25517: 25512: 25507: 25502: 25497: 25492: 25487: 25482: 25477: 25472: 25467: 25462: 25457: 25452: 25435: 25434: 25432: 25431: 25426: 25421: 25416: 25411: 25405: 25403: 25402:Related topics 25399: 25398: 25396: 25395: 25389: 25387: 25381: 25380: 25377: 25376: 25374: 25373: 25372: 25371: 25366: 25356: 25351: 25346: 25341: 25335: 25333: 25329: 25328: 25326: 25325: 25320: 25315: 25310: 25304: 25302: 25298: 25297: 25295: 25294: 25293: 25292: 25281: 25279: 25275: 25274: 25272: 25271: 25270: 25269: 25266: 25264:Qatif conflict 25255: 25253: 25249: 25248: 25246: 25245: 25244: 25243: 25238: 25233: 25222: 25220: 25216: 25215: 25213: 25212: 25207: 25202: 25197: 25191: 25189: 25185: 25184: 25182: 25181: 25180: 25179: 25169: 25168: 25167: 25162: 25151: 25149: 25145: 25144: 25142: 25141: 25140: 25139: 25134: 25129: 25124: 25119: 25112:Iraqi conflict 25109: 25108: 25107: 25096: 25094: 25090: 25089: 25087: 25086: 25081: 25080: 25079: 25074: 25069: 25059: 25058: 25057: 25055:Qatif conflict 25047: 25042: 25041: 25040: 25035: 25030: 25019: 25017: 25013: 25012: 25010: 25009: 25003: 25001: 24997: 24996: 24994: 24993: 24992: 24991: 24986: 24981: 24970: 24968: 24961: 24957: 24956: 24953: 24952: 24950: 24949: 24944: 24938: 24936: 24932: 24931: 24929: 24928: 24923: 24917: 24915: 24911: 24910: 24908: 24907: 24902: 24897: 24891: 24889: 24885: 24884: 24882: 24881: 24875: 24873: 24869: 24868: 24866: 24865: 24864: 24863: 24858: 24853: 24852: 24851: 24846: 24841: 24828: 24822: 24820: 24813: 24809: 24808: 24805: 24804: 24802: 24801: 24796: 24795: 24794: 24787: 24775: 24770: 24764: 24762: 24758: 24757: 24755: 24754: 24749: 24744: 24738: 24736: 24732: 24731: 24729: 24728: 24723: 24717: 24715: 24711: 24710: 24708: 24707: 24706: 24705: 24700: 24695: 24690: 24688:Karen conflict 24679: 24677: 24673: 24672: 24670: 24669: 24664: 24659: 24653: 24651: 24647: 24646: 24644: 24643: 24637: 24635: 24628: 24627:Southeast Asia 24624: 24623: 24620: 24619: 24617: 24616: 24610: 24608: 24604: 24603: 24601: 24600: 24599: 24598: 24593: 24588: 24577: 24575: 24566: 24565: 24563: 24562: 24557: 24552: 24546: 24544: 24537: 24533: 24532: 24529: 24528: 24526: 24525: 24520: 24515: 24509: 24507: 24503: 24502: 24500: 24499: 24494: 24489: 24483: 24481: 24477: 24476: 24474: 24473: 24468: 24463: 24458: 24457: 24456: 24451: 24446: 24441: 24436: 24426: 24420: 24418: 24414: 24413: 24411: 24410: 24405: 24400: 24395: 24390: 24389: 24388: 24383: 24378: 24373: 24368: 24357: 24355: 24348: 24344: 24343: 24332: 24331: 24324: 24317: 24309: 24300: 24299: 24288: 24285: 24284: 24282: 24281: 24278:Red Sea crisis 24274: 24267: 24260: 24254: 24252: 24248: 24247: 24245: 24244: 24243: 24242: 24228: 24221: 24214: 24209: 24204: 24203: 24202: 24186: 24185: 24184: 24177: 24165: 24159: 24157: 24153: 24152: 24150: 24149: 24144: 24139: 24138: 24137: 24125: 24120: 24115: 24108: 24100: 24098: 24094: 24093: 24091: 24090: 24085: 24080: 24075: 24068: 24063: 24058: 24053: 24048: 24040: 24038: 24034: 24033: 24031: 24030: 24025: 24023:Mecca massacre 24020: 24015: 24010: 24005: 24000: 23999: 23998: 23986: 23981: 23973: 23971: 23967: 23966: 23964: 23963: 23958: 23953: 23948: 23947: 23946: 23936: 23931: 23926: 23921: 23916: 23911: 23904: 23899: 23894: 23889: 23883: 23881: 23877: 23876: 23874: 23873: 23868: 23867: 23866: 23861: 23859:First Intifada 23856: 23844: 23842:1964 Hama riot 23839: 23837:Aden Emergency 23834: 23829: 23824: 23819: 23812: 23807: 23806: 23805: 23800: 23788: 23782: 23780: 23776: 23775: 23773: 23772: 23767: 23762: 23757: 23752: 23747: 23742: 23737: 23732: 23726: 23724: 23720: 23719: 23717: 23716: 23715: 23714: 23709: 23704: 23699: 23694: 23682: 23681: 23680: 23668: 23663: 23658: 23653: 23652: 23651: 23646: 23641: 23636: 23623: 23621: 23617: 23616: 23614: 23613: 23608: 23603: 23598: 23593: 23588: 23583: 23578: 23573: 23567: 23565: 23561: 23560: 23558: 23557: 23552: 23547: 23542: 23537: 23532: 23527: 23521: 23519: 23515: 23514: 23512: 23511: 23506: 23505: 23504: 23499: 23494: 23489: 23484: 23479: 23478: 23477: 23460: 23455: 23450: 23445: 23444: 23443: 23438: 23433: 23428: 23423: 23422: 23421: 23404: 23398: 23396: 23392: 23391: 23384: 23383: 23376: 23369: 23361: 23352: 23351: 23349: 23348: 23336: 23324: 23312: 23300: 23287: 23284: 23283: 23280: 23279: 23277: 23276: 23271: 23266: 23261: 23256: 23251: 23250: 23249: 23239: 23234: 23229: 23224: 23219: 23214: 23213: 23212: 23210:Radio stations 23207: 23202: 23192: 23187: 23182: 23177: 23172: 23167: 23162: 23157: 23156: 23155: 23145: 23140: 23135: 23130: 23129: 23128: 23123: 23113: 23107: 23105: 23096: 23095: 23090: 23085: 23080: 23079: 23078: 23073: 23068: 23058: 23053: 23052: 23051: 23041: 23036: 23035: 23034: 23023: 23021: 23017: 23016: 23014: 23013: 23008: 23003: 23002: 23001: 22996: 22991: 22981: 22980: 22979: 22969: 22968: 22967: 22957: 22952: 22947: 22945:Turkish people 22941: 22939: 22933: 22932: 22930: 22929: 22928: 22927: 22922: 22917: 22910:Transportation 22907: 22902: 22897: 22892: 22887: 22886: 22885: 22880: 22875: 22870: 22860: 22855: 22850: 22845: 22840: 22834: 22832: 22826: 22825: 22822: 22821: 22819: 22818: 22817: 22816: 22811: 22806: 22796: 22791: 22790: 22789: 22784: 22774: 22769: 22764: 22758: 22756: 22752: 22751: 22749: 22748: 22743: 22738: 22733: 22732: 22731: 22726: 22715: 22713: 22707: 22706: 22704: 22703: 22702: 22701: 22696: 22691: 22686: 22676: 22675: 22674: 22664: 22658: 22656: 22649: 22643: 22642: 22639: 22638: 22636: 22635: 22630: 22625: 22620: 22618:National parks 22615: 22610: 22605: 22600: 22595: 22590: 22589: 22588: 22583: 22573: 22572: 22571: 22566: 22556: 22555: 22554: 22552:Climate change 22543: 22541: 22537: 22536: 22534: 22533: 22528: 22523: 22518: 22513: 22508: 22503: 22501:Marmara Region 22497: 22495: 22493:(west to east) 22482: 22476: 22475: 22472: 22471: 22469: 22468: 22463: 22458: 22453: 22448: 22447: 22446: 22435: 22433: 22429: 22428: 22426: 22425: 22420: 22419: 22418: 22408: 22406:Constitutional 22402: 22400: 22396: 22395: 22393: 22392: 22387: 22382: 22381: 22380: 22375: 22365: 22360: 22354: 22352: 22346: 22345: 22343: 22342: 22341: 22340: 22330: 22329: 22328: 22323: 22318: 22308: 22307: 22306: 22296: 22294:Transformation 22291: 22290: 22289: 22279: 22273: 22271: 22269:Ottoman Empire 22265: 22264: 22262: 22261: 22256: 22251: 22250: 22249: 22238: 22236: 22226: 22225: 22223: 22222: 22217: 22212: 22206: 22204: 22197: 22191: 22190: 22176: 22175: 22168: 22161: 22153: 22144: 22143: 22140: 22139: 22137: 22136: 22131: 22126: 22121: 22116: 22111: 22106: 22101: 22096: 22090: 22088: 22084: 22083: 22081: 22080: 22075: 22070: 22064: 22062: 22048: 22044: 22043: 22040: 22039: 22037: 22036: 22034:Süleyman Soylu 22031: 22026: 22021: 22016: 22011: 22006: 22001: 21996: 21991: 21986: 21981: 21976: 21971: 21965: 21963: 21959: 21958: 21956: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21930: 21925: 21920: 21915: 21910: 21905: 21900: 21895: 21890: 21885: 21883:Necip Torumtay 21880: 21875: 21873:Nurettin Ersin 21870: 21865: 21860: 21854: 21852: 21845: 21841: 21840: 21837: 21836: 21834: 21833: 21828: 21826:Osman Baydemir 21823: 21821:Fatma Kurtulan 21818: 21813: 21811:Sebahat Tuncel 21808: 21803: 21798: 21796:Gültan Kışanak 21793: 21788: 21783: 21778: 21773: 21768: 21763: 21758: 21753: 21748: 21743: 21738: 21732: 21730: 21726: 21725: 21723: 21722: 21717: 21712: 21707: 21702: 21697: 21695:Nizamettin Taş 21692: 21687: 21685:Mahsum Korkmaz 21682: 21677: 21672: 21667: 21665:Mustafa Karasu 21662: 21657: 21652: 21647: 21641: 21639: 21632: 21628: 21627: 21625: 21624: 21619: 21614: 21609: 21604: 21598: 21596: 21590: 21589: 21586: 21585: 21583: 21582: 21576: 21574: 21570: 21569: 21567: 21566: 21561: 21556: 21551: 21546: 21541: 21536: 21531: 21526: 21521: 21516: 21510: 21508: 21499: 21495: 21494: 21491: 21490: 21488: 21487: 21482: 21477: 21472: 21467: 21466: 21465: 21455: 21450: 21445: 21440: 21435: 21430: 21425: 21420: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21400: 21395: 21390: 21385: 21380: 21375: 21370: 21365: 21360: 21355: 21350: 21345: 21340: 21334: 21332: 21326: 21325: 21323: 21322: 21317: 21312: 21307: 21302: 21297: 21292: 21287: 21282: 21277: 21272: 21267: 21262: 21257: 21252: 21247: 21242: 21237: 21231: 21229: 21225: 21224: 21219: 21217: 21213: 21212: 21210: 21209: 21208: 21207: 21197: 21192: 21190:Operation Dawn 21187: 21182: 21177: 21175:Siege of Varto 21172: 21167: 21162: 21160:Operation Hawk 21157: 21152: 21147: 21142: 21137: 21132: 21127: 21125:Battle of Kulp 21122: 21117: 21112: 21107: 21102: 21097: 21092: 21087: 21082: 21076: 21074: 21070: 21069: 21067: 21066: 21061: 21059:Maraş massacre 21056: 21050: 21048: 21041: 21037: 21036: 21033: 21032: 21030: 21029: 21028:(2023–present) 21023: 21022:(2014–present) 21017: 21016:(2012–present) 21011: 21005: 20999: 20993: 20987: 20981: 20975: 20968: 20966: 20960: 20959: 20957: 20956: 20941: 20936: 20930: 20928: 20924: 20923: 20921: 20920: 20908: 20903: 20898: 20892: 20879: 20873: 20861: 20849: 20837: 20825: 20819: 20813: 20807: 20801: 20795: 20789: 20783: 20777: 20771: 20765: 20759: 20753: 20747: 20741: 20735: 20722: 20709: 20708: 20707: 20690: 20677: 20675: 20668: 20661: 20660: 20657: 20656: 20654: 20653: 20648: 20643: 20638: 20633: 20628: 20622: 20620: 20614: 20613: 20611: 20610: 20608:Village Guards 20605: 20600: 20595: 20590: 20585: 20580: 20575: 20570: 20565: 20560: 20554: 20552: 20545: 20531: 20530: 20528: 20527: 20522: 20516: 20513: 20512: 20505: 20504: 20497: 20490: 20482: 20475: 20474: 20452: 20424: 20396: 20385:. 25 July 2015 20367: 20338: 20302: 20276: 20250: 20225: 20199: 20173: 20147: 20122: 20096: 20079:Turkish Weekly 20066: 20048: 20033: 20030:. August 1987. 20018: 19990: 19975: 19948: 19923: 19902: 19877: 19851: 19840:. 10 June 2014 19825: 19799: 19781: 19767: 19747: 19733: 19713: 19668: 19665:. p. 392. 19663:Serxwebun 1997 19654: 19628: 19603: 19578: 19552: 19530: 19508: 19486: 19464: 19441: 19420: 19409:on 4 June 2016 19390: 19364: 19330: 19305: 19283: 19272:. 22 June 2010 19257: 19238:(in Turkish). 19227: 19208:(in Turkish). 19197: 19178:(in Turkish). 19167: 19141: 19116: 19107: 19076: 19067: 19060: 19040: 19015: 18997: 18967: 18935: 18913: 18904: 18876: 18862: 18842: 18815: 18768: 18756: 18747:|journal= 18718: 18690: 18664: 18641: 18627: 18607: 18576: 18547:(2): 169–189. 18528: 18513: 18487: 18462: 18437: 18409: 18402: 18363: 18342:on 22 May 2011 18320: 18287: 18257: 18231: 18214:Al-Masdar News 18200: 18193: 18175: 18147: 18121: 18104: 18090: 18067: 18053: 18017: 17995: 17969: 17948: 17923: 17893: 17867: 17860: 17840: 17818: 17805:Spiegel Online 17790: 17771: 17755: 17720: 17695: 17669: 17655: 17629: 17618:. 31 July 1999 17616:"Kurdistanica" 17607: 17581: 17574: 17552: 17545: 17525: 17511: 17485: 17460: 17441:(2): 275–306. 17435:World Politics 17422: 17400: 17371: 17357: 17337: 17321: 17298:(6): 100–114. 17276: 17269: 17246: 17244:: p. 38. 2007. 17226: 17221:www.ntv.com.tr 17208: 17190: 17179:. 2 April 2018 17164: 17138: 17124: 17110: 17091: 17077: 17047: 17030:Thaindian News 17017: 16987: 16969: 16951: 16933: 16915: 16897: 16886: 16867: 16849: 16831: 16801: 16775: 16758: 16731: 16709: 16683: 16648: 16631: 16624: 16599: 16590:|journal= 16543: 16513: 16502:on 8 July 2012 16486: 16460: 16438: 16412: 16379: 16349: 16323: 16291: 16256: 16209: 16187: 16157: 16127: 16088: 16055: 16029: 15998: 15983:(in Turkish). 15966: 15936: 15894: 15862: 15830: 15805: 15782:(1): 154–183. 15762: 15732: 15713: 15698:. Al Jazeera. 15687: 15657: 15627: 15612:. 8 May 2016. 15597: 15582:. 8 May 2016. 15567: 15535: 15509: 15479: 15449: 15423: 15393: 15367: 15337: 15307: 15277: 15251: 15229: 15198: 15168: 15138: 15108: 15082: 15056: 15030: 15000: 14974: 14944: 14914: 14888: 14862: 14839: 14822:Turkish Weekly 14809: 14790: 14788:, 26 July 2012 14766: 14736: 14706: 14680: 14650: 14620: 14590: 14558: 14540: 14508: 14490: 14460: 14436: 14406: 14376: 14343: 14317: 14291: 14265: 14235: 14224:. 20 June 2010 14209: 14183: 14157: 14127: 14112:. 1 May 2010. 14110:People's Daily 14097: 14071: 14038: 14012: 13982: 13939: 13909: 13892:Foreign Policy 13878: 13848: 13818: 13794: 13792:, 28 July 2008 13772: 13749: 13719: 13701:Jerusalem Post 13687: 13661: 13627: 13603: 13573: 13551: 13520: 13490: 13464: 13432: 13400: 13368: 13333: 13303: 13272: 13246: 13216: 13186: 13174: 13147: 13140: 13122: 13089: 13055: 13025: 13001: 12975: 12955: 12929: 12907: 12877: 12850: 12819: 12802:Turkish Weekly 12789: 12757: 12726: 12700: 12679: 12646: 12616: 12598:New York Times 12583: 12544: 12519: 12495: 12483: 12476: 12458: 12425: 12406: 12392: 12368: 12344: 12337: 12319: 12306: 12275: 12268: 12247: 12223: 12216: 12198: 12179: 12162:Turkish Weekly 12134: 12112: 12093: 12070: 12041: 12022: 12002: 11995: 11972: 11953: 11922: 11908:Report of the 11901: 11875: 11826: 11802: 11778: 11754: 11739: 11719: 11680: 11645: 11617: 11587: 11554: 11524: 11512: 11477: 11440: 11396: 11331: 11295: 11254: 11226: 11211:. p. 46. 11186: 11168:978-1564322265 11167: 11147: 11129:978-1564320964 11128: 11108: 11079: 11044: 11026:978-1135140632 11025: 11002: 10984:978-0292758131 10983: 10960: 10954:978-0312325466 10953: 10924: 10917: 10892: 10852: 10805: 10768: 10731: 10721:978-1506329307 10720: 10698: 10680:978-0230598584 10679: 10655: 10637:978-1107054608 10636: 10616: 10599:Minority Rules 10590: 10584:978-1317151296 10583: 10563: 10544: 10524: 10511: 10492: 10469: 10451:978-3319422190 10450: 10430: 10411: 10391: 10385:978-3896575647 10384: 10366: 10344: 10310: 10283: 10253: 10221: 10189: 10162: 10131: 10109: 10076: 10050: 10024: 10008: 9982: 9971:on 31 May 2011 9950: 9909: 9882:(4): 549–564. 9866: 9840: 9821:Tore Kjeilen. 9813: 9787: 9761: 9743: 9713: 9687: 9666: 9655:on 15 May 2011 9640: 9613: 9583: 9551: 9520: 9494: 9468: 9442: 9416: 9388: 9361: 9334: 9305: 9275: 9258:Turkish Weekly 9245: 9227:978-0521684262 9226: 9206: 9188:978-0812207835 9187: 9167: 9130: 9082: 9044: 9042:, 15 June 2006 9032: 9010: 8984: 8950: 8939: 8913: 8885: 8859: 8829: 8799: 8769: 8743: 8717: 8688: 8677:on 20 May 2013 8662: 8632: 8606: 8594: 8566: 8540: 8525:. 9 May 2017. 8508: 8493:. 2 May 2017. 8482: 8456: 8430: 8400: 8381: 8361: 8310: 8297: 8267: 8250:al-monitor.com 8237: 8213: 8198: 8162: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8116: 8076: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8058: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8015: 8012: 7979: 7976: 7940: 7939:Child soldiers 7937: 7838:Mahsum Korkmaz 7830: 7827: 7728: 7725: 7525: 7524: 7521: 7518: 7377: 7374: 7317:child soldiers 7280: 7277: 7243: 7240: 7191: 7188: 7153: 7150: 7140: 7137: 7074:Kurdish people 7057: 7054: 7037: 7036: 7032: 6918: 6915: 6889:Main article: 6886: 6883: 6858: 6855: 6814: 6811: 6807:Rojava regions 6792: 6791: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6760: 6757: 6748: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6726: 6723: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6696: 6693: 6688: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6671: 6666: 6663: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6636: 6633: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6611: 6606: 6603: 6598: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6576: 6573: 6568: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6546: 6543: 6538: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6521: 6516: 6513: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6500: 6497: 6494: 6491: 6486: 6483: 6478: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6467: 6464: 6461: 6456: 6453: 6444: 6443:15 August 2018 6440: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6392: 6389: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6362: 6359: 6350: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6297: 6294: 6289: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6267: 6264: 6259: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6240:Operation Dawn 6237: 6234: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6207: 6204: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6183: 6180: 6177: 6174: 6169: 6166: 6161: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6139: 6136: 6131: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6109: 6106: 6101: 6097: 6096: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6079: 6076: 6071: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6049: 6046: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6019: 6016: 6011: 6007: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5989: 5986: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5955: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5925: 5922: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5895: 5892: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5861: 5858: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5827: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5797: 5794: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5767: 5764: 5759: 5758:30 August 1992 5755: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5737: 5734: 5729: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5707: 5704: 5699: 5695: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5677: 5674: 5669: 5668:15 August 1986 5665: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5647: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5603: 5600: 5582: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5343: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5295: 5294: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5223: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4486: 4485: 4468:September 2024 4440: 4438: 4431: 4424: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4251: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4110:High estimate 4108: 4105: 4090: 4087: 4083:Sebahat Tuncel 4048:Anadolu Agency 4040:Şırnak clashes 4031: 4028: 3996:Kamuran Dundar 3988:Main article: 3985: 3982: 3734:Syrian Kurdish 3716:Main article: 3713: 3710: 3701:Main article: 3698: 3695: 3637:Leyla Söylemez 3605:Main article: 3602: 3599: 3583:deadly bombing 3549: 3546: 3536:multiple raids 3513:, October 2011 3502: 3499: 3477: 3474: 3433: 3430: 3397: 3394: 3371: 3368: 3334: 3331: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3241:Nizamettin Tas 3165: 3162: 3120: 3117: 3096: 3093: 3072:Village Guards 3036: 3033: 2982:Jalal Talabani 2973: 2970: 2954:Special Forces 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2874:Mahsum Korkmaz 2870:Sabahattin Ali 2866:Ayten Yildirim 2747:Mahsum Korkmaz 2726:Maraş Massacre 2637:also included 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2588:following the 2571:Sea of Marmara 2544:child soldiers 2381: 2380: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2301: 2300: 2293: 2286: 2278: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2265: 2263:Assassinations 2259: 2258: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1948: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1900:Hakkâri (2012) 1897: 1892: 1890:Hakkâri (2011) 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1835:Hakkâri (2007) 1831: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1668: 1667: 1660: 1653: 1645: 1637: 1636: 1620:(PKK) and the 1596: 1595: 1574: 1573: 1554: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1492: 1484:Village Guards 1465: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1456: 1443: 1423: 1402: 1382: 1361: 1340: 1327: 1314: 1294: 1274: 1253: 1242:Mahsum Korkmaz 1232: 1229:Nizamettin Taş 1219: 1206: 1186: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1123:Mustafa Karasu 1097: 1095: 1094: 1082: 1070: 1068:Süleyman Soylu 1058: 1046: 1034: 1022: 1020:Nurettin Ersin 1010: 998: 996:Necip Torumtay 986: 974: 962: 950: 938: 926: 914: 902: 890: 878: 866: 854: 842: 830: 818: 806: 794: 782: 770: 768:Fahri Korutürk 758: 744: 743: 742: 687: 686: 682: 681: 653: 652: 639: 627: 615: 603: 591: 564: 563: 562: 561: 549: 532: 531: 530: 525: 508: 507: 506: 501: 489: 488: 487: 451: 450: 449: 448: 447: 435: 408: 396: 356: 355: 354: 351: 345: 339: 327: 326: 314: 313: 312: 310:Village Guards 307: 302: 284: 283: 282: 258: 257: 256: 255: 254: 253: 252: 240: 228: 204: 151: 150: 146: 145: 142: 141: 140: 139: 136: 130: 121: 120:during 2012–15 107: 103: 102: 81: 79: 75: 74: 66: 58: 57: 47: 46: 39: 38: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 25527: 25516: 25513: 25511: 25508: 25506: 25503: 25501: 25498: 25496: 25493: 25491: 25488: 25486: 25483: 25481: 25478: 25476: 25473: 25471: 25468: 25466: 25463: 25461: 25458: 25456: 25453: 25451: 25448: 25447: 25445: 25430: 25427: 25425: 25422: 25420: 25417: 25415: 25412: 25410: 25409:War on terror 25407: 25406: 25404: 25400: 25394: 25391: 25390: 25388: 25382: 25370: 25367: 25365: 25362: 25361: 25360: 25357: 25355: 25352: 25350: 25347: 25345: 25342: 25340: 25337: 25336: 25334: 25330: 25324: 25321: 25319: 25316: 25314: 25311: 25309: 25306: 25305: 25303: 25299: 25291: 25288: 25287: 25286: 25283: 25282: 25280: 25276: 25267: 25265: 25262: 25261: 25260: 25257: 25256: 25254: 25250: 25242: 25239: 25237: 25234: 25232: 25229: 25228: 25227: 25224: 25223: 25221: 25217: 25211: 25208: 25206: 25203: 25201: 25198: 25196: 25193: 25192: 25190: 25186: 25178: 25175: 25174: 25173: 25170: 25166: 25163: 25161: 25158: 25157: 25156: 25153: 25152: 25150: 25146: 25138: 25135: 25133: 25130: 25128: 25125: 25123: 25120: 25118: 25115: 25114: 25113: 25110: 25106: 25103: 25102: 25101: 25098: 25097: 25095: 25091: 25085: 25082: 25078: 25075: 25073: 25070: 25068: 25065: 25064: 25063: 25060: 25056: 25053: 25052: 25051: 25048: 25046: 25043: 25039: 25036: 25034: 25031: 25029: 25026: 25025: 25024: 25021: 25020: 25018: 25014: 25008: 25005: 25004: 25002: 24998: 24990: 24987: 24985: 24984:2016 conflict 24982: 24980: 24977: 24976: 24975: 24972: 24971: 24969: 24965: 24962: 24958: 24948: 24945: 24943: 24940: 24939: 24937: 24933: 24927: 24924: 24922: 24919: 24918: 24916: 24912: 24906: 24903: 24901: 24898: 24896: 24893: 24892: 24890: 24886: 24880: 24877: 24876: 24874: 24870: 24862: 24859: 24857: 24856:2001–2021 War 24854: 24850: 24847: 24845: 24842: 24840: 24837: 24836: 24834: 24833: 24832: 24829: 24827: 24824: 24823: 24821: 24817: 24814: 24810: 24800: 24797: 24792: 24788: 24785: 24781: 24780: 24779: 24776: 24774: 24771: 24769: 24766: 24765: 24763: 24759: 24753: 24750: 24748: 24745: 24743: 24740: 24739: 24737: 24733: 24727: 24724: 24722: 24719: 24718: 24716: 24712: 24704: 24701: 24699: 24696: 24694: 24691: 24689: 24686: 24685: 24684: 24681: 24680: 24678: 24674: 24668: 24665: 24663: 24660: 24658: 24655: 24654: 24652: 24648: 24642: 24639: 24638: 24636: 24632: 24629: 24625: 24615: 24612: 24611: 24609: 24605: 24597: 24594: 24592: 24589: 24587: 24584: 24583: 24582: 24579: 24578: 24576: 24567: 24561: 24558: 24556: 24553: 24551: 24548: 24547: 24545: 24541: 24538: 24534: 24524: 24521: 24519: 24516: 24514: 24511: 24510: 24508: 24504: 24498: 24495: 24493: 24490: 24488: 24485: 24484: 24482: 24478: 24472: 24469: 24467: 24464: 24462: 24459: 24455: 24452: 24450: 24447: 24445: 24442: 24440: 24437: 24435: 24432: 24431: 24430: 24427: 24425: 24422: 24421: 24419: 24415: 24409: 24406: 24404: 24401: 24399: 24396: 24394: 24391: 24387: 24384: 24382: 24379: 24377: 24374: 24372: 24369: 24367: 24364: 24363: 24362: 24359: 24358: 24356: 24352: 24349: 24345: 24341: 24338: 24330: 24325: 24323: 24318: 24316: 24311: 24310: 24307: 24295: 24293: 24286: 24280: 24279: 24275: 24273: 24272: 24268: 24266: 24265: 24261: 24259: 24256: 24255: 24253: 24249: 24241: 24240: 24239: 24234: 24233: 24232: 24231:Yemeni crisis 24229: 24227: 24226: 24222: 24220: 24219: 24215: 24213: 24210: 24208: 24205: 24201: 24200: 24196: 24195: 24194: 24193: 24192: 24187: 24183: 24182: 24178: 24176: 24175: 24171: 24170: 24169: 24166: 24164: 24161: 24160: 24158: 24154: 24148: 24145: 24143: 24140: 24136: 24133: 24132: 24131: 24130: 24126: 24124: 24121: 24119: 24116: 24114: 24113: 24109: 24107: 24106: 24102: 24101: 24099: 24095: 24089: 24086: 24084: 24081: 24079: 24076: 24074: 24073: 24069: 24067: 24064: 24062: 24059: 24057: 24054: 24052: 24049: 24047: 24046: 24042: 24041: 24039: 24035: 24029: 24026: 24024: 24021: 24019: 24016: 24014: 24011: 24009: 24006: 24004: 24001: 23997: 23996: 23992: 23991: 23990: 23987: 23985: 23982: 23980: 23979: 23978:Iran–Iraq War 23975: 23974: 23972: 23968: 23962: 23959: 23957: 23954: 23952: 23949: 23945: 23942: 23941: 23940: 23937: 23935: 23932: 23930: 23929:NDF Rebellion 23927: 23925: 23922: 23920: 23917: 23915: 23912: 23910: 23909: 23905: 23903: 23900: 23898: 23895: 23893: 23890: 23888: 23885: 23884: 23882: 23878: 23872: 23869: 23865: 23862: 23860: 23857: 23855: 23852: 23851: 23850: 23849: 23845: 23843: 23840: 23838: 23835: 23833: 23830: 23828: 23825: 23823: 23820: 23818: 23817: 23813: 23811: 23808: 23804: 23801: 23799: 23796: 23795: 23794: 23793: 23789: 23787: 23784: 23783: 23781: 23777: 23771: 23768: 23766: 23763: 23761: 23758: 23756: 23753: 23751: 23748: 23746: 23743: 23741: 23738: 23736: 23733: 23731: 23728: 23727: 23725: 23721: 23713: 23710: 23708: 23705: 23703: 23700: 23698: 23695: 23693: 23690: 23689: 23688: 23687: 23683: 23679: 23676: 23675: 23674: 23673: 23669: 23667: 23664: 23662: 23661:Alwaziri coup 23659: 23657: 23654: 23650: 23647: 23645: 23642: 23640: 23637: 23635: 23632: 23631: 23630: 23629: 23625: 23624: 23622: 23618: 23612: 23609: 23607: 23604: 23602: 23599: 23597: 23594: 23592: 23589: 23587: 23584: 23582: 23579: 23577: 23574: 23572: 23569: 23568: 23566: 23562: 23556: 23553: 23551: 23548: 23546: 23543: 23541: 23538: 23536: 23533: 23531: 23528: 23526: 23523: 23522: 23520: 23516: 23510: 23507: 23503: 23502:United States 23500: 23498: 23495: 23493: 23490: 23488: 23485: 23483: 23480: 23476: 23473: 23472: 23471: 23468: 23467: 23466: 23465: 23461: 23459: 23456: 23454: 23451: 23449: 23446: 23442: 23439: 23437: 23434: 23432: 23429: 23427: 23424: 23420: 23417: 23416: 23415: 23412: 23411: 23410: 23409: 23405: 23403: 23400: 23399: 23397: 23393: 23389: 23382: 23377: 23375: 23370: 23368: 23363: 23362: 23359: 23347: 23346: 23337: 23335: 23334: 23325: 23323: 23322: 23313: 23311: 23310: 23301: 23299: 23298: 23293: 23289: 23288: 23285: 23275: 23272: 23270: 23267: 23265: 23262: 23260: 23257: 23255: 23252: 23248: 23245: 23244: 23243: 23240: 23238: 23235: 23233: 23230: 23228: 23225: 23223: 23220: 23218: 23215: 23211: 23208: 23206: 23203: 23201: 23198: 23197: 23196: 23193: 23191: 23188: 23186: 23183: 23181: 23178: 23176: 23173: 23171: 23168: 23166: 23163: 23161: 23158: 23154: 23151: 23150: 23149: 23146: 23144: 23141: 23139: 23136: 23134: 23131: 23127: 23124: 23122: 23119: 23118: 23117: 23114: 23112: 23109: 23108: 23106: 23104: 23100: 23094: 23091: 23089: 23086: 23084: 23081: 23077: 23074: 23072: 23069: 23067: 23064: 23063: 23062: 23059: 23057: 23054: 23050: 23047: 23046: 23045: 23042: 23040: 23037: 23033: 23030: 23029: 23028: 23025: 23024: 23022: 23018: 23012: 23009: 23007: 23004: 23000: 22997: 22995: 22992: 22990: 22987: 22986: 22985: 22982: 22978: 22975: 22974: 22973: 22970: 22966: 22963: 22962: 22961: 22958: 22956: 22953: 22951: 22948: 22946: 22943: 22942: 22940: 22938: 22934: 22926: 22923: 22921: 22918: 22916: 22913: 22912: 22911: 22908: 22906: 22903: 22901: 22898: 22896: 22893: 22891: 22888: 22884: 22881: 22879: 22876: 22874: 22871: 22869: 22866: 22865: 22864: 22861: 22859: 22856: 22854: 22851: 22849: 22846: 22844: 22841: 22839: 22836: 22835: 22833: 22831: 22827: 22815: 22812: 22810: 22807: 22805: 22802: 22801: 22800: 22797: 22795: 22792: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22779: 22778: 22775: 22773: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22763: 22760: 22759: 22757: 22753: 22747: 22744: 22742: 22739: 22737: 22734: 22730: 22727: 22725: 22722: 22721: 22720: 22717: 22716: 22714: 22712: 22708: 22700: 22697: 22695: 22692: 22690: 22687: 22685: 22682: 22681: 22680: 22677: 22673: 22670: 22669: 22668: 22665: 22663: 22660: 22659: 22657: 22653: 22650: 22648: 22644: 22634: 22631: 22629: 22626: 22624: 22621: 22619: 22616: 22614: 22611: 22609: 22606: 22604: 22601: 22599: 22596: 22594: 22591: 22587: 22584: 22582: 22581:Air pollution 22579: 22578: 22577: 22574: 22570: 22567: 22565: 22562: 22561: 22560: 22557: 22553: 22550: 22549: 22548: 22545: 22544: 22542: 22538: 22532: 22529: 22527: 22524: 22522: 22519: 22517: 22514: 22512: 22509: 22507: 22506:Aegean Region 22504: 22502: 22499: 22498: 22496: 22490: 22486: 22483: 22481: 22477: 22467: 22464: 22462: 22459: 22457: 22454: 22452: 22451:Turkification 22449: 22445: 22442: 22441: 22440: 22437: 22436: 22434: 22430: 22424: 22421: 22417: 22414: 22413: 22412: 22409: 22407: 22404: 22403: 22401: 22397: 22391: 22388: 22386: 22383: 22379: 22376: 22374: 22371: 22370: 22369: 22366: 22364: 22361: 22359: 22356: 22355: 22353: 22351: 22347: 22339: 22336: 22335: 22334: 22331: 22327: 22324: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22313: 22312: 22309: 22305: 22302: 22301: 22300: 22297: 22295: 22292: 22288: 22285: 22284: 22283: 22282:Classical Age 22280: 22278: 22275: 22274: 22272: 22270: 22266: 22260: 22257: 22255: 22252: 22248: 22245: 22244: 22243: 22242:Seljuk Empire 22240: 22239: 22237: 22235: 22231: 22227: 22221: 22218: 22216: 22213: 22211: 22208: 22207: 22205: 22201: 22198: 22196: 22192: 22188: 22183: 22174: 22169: 22167: 22162: 22160: 22155: 22154: 22151: 22135: 22132: 22130: 22127: 22125: 22122: 22120: 22117: 22115: 22112: 22110: 22107: 22105: 22102: 22100: 22097: 22095: 22092: 22091: 22089: 22085: 22079: 22076: 22074: 22071: 22069: 22066: 22065: 22063: 22061: 22056: 22052: 22049: 22045: 22035: 22032: 22030: 22027: 22025: 22022: 22020: 22017: 22015: 22012: 22010: 22007: 22005: 22002: 22000: 21997: 21995: 21992: 21990: 21987: 21985: 21982: 21980: 21979:Bülent Ecevit 21977: 21975: 21972: 21970: 21967: 21966: 21964: 21960: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21929: 21926: 21924: 21921: 21919: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21909: 21906: 21904: 21901: 21899: 21896: 21894: 21891: 21889: 21886: 21884: 21881: 21879: 21876: 21874: 21871: 21869: 21866: 21864: 21861: 21859: 21856: 21855: 21853: 21849: 21846: 21842: 21832: 21829: 21827: 21824: 21822: 21819: 21817: 21814: 21812: 21809: 21807: 21804: 21802: 21801:Pervin Buldan 21799: 21797: 21794: 21792: 21791:Ayla Akat Ata 21789: 21787: 21784: 21782: 21779: 21777: 21774: 21772: 21769: 21767: 21764: 21762: 21759: 21757: 21754: 21752: 21749: 21747: 21744: 21742: 21739: 21737: 21734: 21733: 21731: 21727: 21721: 21718: 21716: 21715:Celal Başkale 21713: 21711: 21708: 21706: 21703: 21701: 21698: 21696: 21693: 21691: 21688: 21686: 21683: 21681: 21678: 21676: 21673: 21671: 21668: 21666: 21663: 21661: 21658: 21656: 21653: 21651: 21648: 21646: 21643: 21642: 21640: 21636: 21633: 21629: 21623: 21620: 21618: 21615: 21613: 21610: 21608: 21605: 21603: 21600: 21599: 21597: 21593:Peace process 21591: 21581: 21578: 21577: 21575: 21571: 21565: 21562: 21560: 21557: 21555: 21552: 21550: 21547: 21545: 21542: 21540: 21537: 21535: 21532: 21530: 21527: 21525: 21522: 21520: 21517: 21515: 21512: 21511: 21509: 21507: 21503: 21500: 21496: 21486: 21483: 21481: 21478: 21476: 21473: 21471: 21468: 21464: 21461: 21460: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21431: 21429: 21426: 21424: 21421: 21419: 21416: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21406: 21404: 21401: 21399: 21396: 21394: 21391: 21389: 21386: 21384: 21381: 21379: 21376: 21374: 21371: 21369: 21366: 21364: 21361: 21359: 21356: 21354: 21351: 21349: 21346: 21344: 21341: 21339: 21336: 21335: 21333: 21331: 21327: 21321: 21318: 21316: 21313: 21311: 21308: 21306: 21303: 21301: 21298: 21296: 21293: 21291: 21288: 21286: 21283: 21281: 21278: 21276: 21273: 21271: 21268: 21266: 21263: 21261: 21258: 21256: 21253: 21251: 21248: 21246: 21243: 21241: 21238: 21236: 21233: 21232: 21230: 21226: 21222: 21218: 21214: 21206: 21203: 21202: 21201: 21198: 21196: 21193: 21191: 21188: 21186: 21183: 21181: 21180:Sazak assault 21178: 21176: 21173: 21171: 21168: 21166: 21163: 21161: 21158: 21156: 21153: 21151: 21148: 21146: 21145:Lice massacre 21143: 21141: 21138: 21136: 21133: 21131: 21128: 21126: 21123: 21121: 21118: 21116: 21113: 21111: 21108: 21106: 21103: 21101: 21098: 21096: 21093: 21091: 21088: 21086: 21083: 21081: 21078: 21077: 21075: 21071: 21065: 21062: 21060: 21057: 21055: 21052: 21051: 21049: 21045: 21042: 21038: 21027: 21024: 21021: 21018: 21015: 21012: 21009: 21006: 21003: 21000: 20997: 20994: 20991: 20988: 20985: 20982: 20979: 20976: 20973: 20970: 20969: 20967: 20965: 20961: 20952: 20942: 20940: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20931: 20929: 20925: 20917: 20912: 20909: 20907: 20904: 20902: 20899: 20896: 20893: 20890: 20880: 20877: 20874: 20872: 20862: 20860: 20850: 20848: 20838: 20836: 20826: 20823: 20820: 20817: 20814: 20811: 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20135:www.rudaw.net 20132: 20126: 20110: 20106: 20100: 20084: 20080: 20076: 20070: 20062: 20055: 20053: 20044: 20037: 20029: 20022: 20007: 20006:ob.nubati.net 20003: 19997: 19995: 19987:. March 1984. 19986: 19979: 19963: 19959: 19952: 19937: 19933: 19927: 19912: 19906: 19891: 19887: 19881: 19866:. 3 June 2012 19865: 19861: 19855: 19839: 19835: 19829: 19814:. 29 May 2014 19813: 19809: 19803: 19795: 19791: 19785: 19770: 19768:9780275989095 19764: 19760: 19759: 19751: 19736: 19734:9781581129052 19730: 19726: 19725: 19717: 19710: 19706: 19700: 19694: 19679: 19672: 19664: 19658: 19642: 19638: 19632: 19617: 19616:iranpress.com 19613: 19607: 19592: 19588: 19582: 19566: 19562: 19556: 19540: 19534: 19518: 19512: 19496: 19490: 19475:. 17 May 2016 19474: 19468: 19452: 19445: 19430: 19424: 19408: 19404: 19400: 19394: 19378: 19377:globalnews.ca 19374: 19368: 19353: 19349: 19345: 19341: 19334: 19319: 19315: 19309: 19293: 19287: 19271: 19267: 19261: 19245: 19241: 19237: 19231: 19215: 19211: 19207: 19201: 19185: 19181: 19177: 19171: 19155: 19151: 19145: 19130: 19126: 19120: 19111: 19095: 19091: 19085: 19083: 19081: 19071: 19063: 19061:9781847795595 19057: 19053: 19052: 19044: 19025: 19019: 19013: 19009: 19006: 19001: 18994:. March 1993. 18993: 18986: 18980: 18978: 18976: 18974: 18972: 18952: 18945: 18939: 18923: 18917: 18908: 18892: 18891: 18886: 18880: 18865: 18863:9780230377424 18859: 18855: 18854: 18846: 18830: 18826: 18819: 18811: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18792: 18787: 18783: 18779: 18772: 18765: 18760: 18752: 18739: 18728: 18722: 18707: 18703: 18697: 18695: 18688: 18684: 18680: 18676: 18671: 18669: 18662: 18658: 18654: 18650: 18645: 18630: 18628:9781316720592 18624: 18620: 18619: 18611: 18595: 18591: 18585: 18583: 18581: 18572: 18568: 18563: 18558: 18554: 18550: 18546: 18542: 18535: 18533: 18524: 18517: 18501: 18497: 18491: 18476: 18472: 18466: 18451: 18447: 18441: 18425: 18424: 18419: 18413: 18405: 18403:1-4020-2615-3 18399: 18395: 18391: 18387: 18383: 18382: 18374: 18367: 18361: 18357: 18354: 18341: 18337: 18336: 18331: 18324: 18309: 18305: 18301: 18300:The Economist 18297: 18291: 18275: 18271: 18267: 18261: 18246: 18242: 18235: 18219: 18215: 18211: 18204: 18196: 18194:9781138918870 18190: 18186: 18179: 18160: 18154: 18152: 18136: 18132: 18125: 18114: 18108: 18100: 18094: 18088: 18084: 18080: 18076: 18071: 18063: 18057: 18038: 18034: 18027: 18021: 18005: 17999: 17983: 17979: 17973: 17965: 17958: 17952: 17937: 17933: 17927: 17919: 17912: 17906: 17904: 17902: 17900: 17898: 17881: 17877: 17871: 17863: 17861:9781412812016 17857: 17853: 17852: 17844: 17828: 17822: 17807: 17806: 17801: 17794: 17787: 17783: 17778: 17776: 17768: 17764: 17759: 17743: 17739: 17735: 17731: 17724: 17709: 17708:Aljazeera.com 17705: 17699: 17683: 17679: 17673: 17665: 17659: 17644: 17640: 17633: 17617: 17611: 17595: 17591: 17585: 17577: 17575:1-56432-161-4 17571: 17567: 17563: 17556: 17548: 17546:9781564321619 17542: 17538: 17537: 17529: 17521: 17515: 17499: 17495: 17489: 17474: 17470: 17464: 17456: 17452: 17448: 17444: 17440: 17436: 17429: 17427: 17410: 17404: 17388: 17381: 17375: 17360: 17358:9781467879729 17354: 17350: 17349: 17341: 17333: 17332: 17325: 17317: 17313: 17309: 17305: 17301: 17297: 17293: 17292: 17287: 17280: 17272: 17266: 17262: 17255: 17253: 17251: 17243: 17237: 17235: 17233: 17231: 17222: 17218: 17212: 17204: 17200: 17194: 17178: 17174: 17168: 17152: 17148: 17142: 17134: 17128: 17120: 17114: 17106: 17105:www.dunya.com 17102: 17095: 17087: 17081: 17065: 17061: 17057: 17051: 17035: 17031: 17027: 17021: 17005: 17001: 16997: 16991: 16983: 16982:www.aa.com.tr 16979: 16973: 16965: 16964:takvim.com.tr 16961: 16955: 16947: 16946:www.aa.com.tr 16943: 16937: 16929: 16925: 16919: 16911: 16907: 16901: 16895: 16890: 16882: 16878: 16871: 16863: 16859: 16853: 16845: 16841: 16835: 16819: 16815: 16811: 16805: 16789: 16785: 16779: 16773:, 1 July 2011 16772: 16769: 16768: 16762: 16746: 16742: 16735: 16719: 16713: 16697: 16693: 16687: 16668: 16661: 16655: 16653: 16646: 16643: 16638: 16636: 16627: 16625:9780300065466 16621: 16617: 16612: 16611: 16603: 16595: 16582: 16563: 16556: 16550: 16548: 16531: 16527: 16523: 16517: 16501: 16497: 16490: 16474: 16470: 16464: 16457: 16453: 16450: 16445: 16443: 16426: 16422: 16416: 16408: 16402: 16394: 16390: 16383: 16367: 16363: 16359: 16353: 16337: 16333: 16327: 16308: 16301: 16295: 16276: 16269: 16263: 16261: 16241: 16234: 16228: 16226: 16224: 16222: 16220: 16218: 16216: 16214: 16206: 16205: 16201:Aliza Marcus 16198: 16196: 16194: 16192: 16175: 16171: 16167: 16161: 16145: 16141: 16137: 16131: 16115: 16111: 16107: 16103: 16099: 16092: 16076: 16072: 16071: 16070:Duvar English 16066: 16059: 16044: 16040: 16033: 16017: 16013: 16009: 16002: 15986: 15982: 15981: 15976: 15970: 15954: 15950: 15946: 15940: 15924: 15920: 15916: 15912: 15908: 15901: 15899: 15882: 15878: 15877: 15872: 15866: 15850: 15846: 15845: 15840: 15834: 15827: 15826: 15821: 15817: 15814: 15809: 15793: 15789: 15785: 15781: 15777: 15773: 15766: 15750: 15746: 15742: 15736: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15717: 15701: 15697: 15691: 15675: 15671: 15667: 15661: 15645: 15641: 15637: 15631: 15615: 15611: 15607: 15601: 15585: 15581: 15577: 15571: 15555: 15551: 15550: 15545: 15539: 15523: 15519: 15513: 15497: 15493: 15489: 15483: 15467: 15463: 15459: 15453: 15437: 15433: 15427: 15411: 15407: 15403: 15397: 15381: 15377: 15371: 15355: 15351: 15347: 15341: 15325: 15321: 15317: 15311: 15295: 15291: 15287: 15281: 15265: 15261: 15255: 15247: 15243: 15242:Today's Zaman 15239: 15233: 15217: 15213: 15212:The Telegraph 15209: 15202: 15186: 15182: 15178: 15172: 15156: 15152: 15148: 15142: 15126: 15122: 15118: 15112: 15096: 15092: 15086: 15070: 15066: 15060: 15044: 15040: 15034: 15018: 15014: 15010: 15004: 14988: 14984: 14978: 14962: 14958: 14954: 14948: 14932: 14928: 14924: 14918: 14902: 14898: 14892: 14876: 14872: 14866: 14849: 14843: 14827: 14823: 14819: 14813: 14806: 14802: 14799: 14794: 14787: 14783: 14780: 14777: 14776: 14770: 14754: 14750: 14746: 14740: 14724: 14720: 14716: 14710: 14694: 14690: 14684: 14668: 14664: 14660: 14654: 14638: 14634: 14630: 14624: 14608: 14604: 14600: 14594: 14578: 14574: 14573: 14568: 14562: 14554: 14550: 14544: 14528: 14524: 14523: 14522:Today's Zaman 14518: 14512: 14504: 14500: 14494: 14478: 14474: 14470: 14464: 14458:, 16 May 2011 14457: 14453: 14450: 14447: 14446: 14440: 14424: 14420: 14416: 14410: 14394: 14390: 14386: 14380: 14364: 14360: 14359: 14354: 14347: 14331: 14327: 14321: 14305: 14301: 14295: 14279: 14275: 14269: 14253: 14249: 14245: 14239: 14223: 14219: 14213: 14197: 14193: 14187: 14171: 14167: 14161: 14145: 14141: 14137: 14131: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14101: 14085: 14081: 14075: 14059: 14055: 14054: 14049: 14042: 14026: 14023:. Ekurd.net. 14022: 14016: 14000: 13996: 13992: 13986: 13978: 13972: 13956: 13952: 13946: 13944: 13927: 13923: 13922:Today's Zaman 13919: 13913: 13897: 13893: 13889: 13882: 13866: 13862: 13861:Today's Zaman 13858: 13852: 13836: 13832: 13828: 13822: 13815: 13811: 13808: 13805: 13804: 13798: 13791: 13787: 13784: 13781: 13776: 13769: 13765: 13761: 13758: 13753: 13737: 13733: 13729: 13723: 13707: 13703: 13702: 13697: 13691: 13675: 13671: 13665: 13649: 13645: 13641: 13634: 13632: 13624: 13620: 13616: 13613: 13607: 13591: 13587: 13583: 13577: 13571: 13567: 13564: 13558: 13556: 13539: 13535: 13531: 13524: 13508: 13504: 13500: 13494: 13478: 13474: 13468: 13452: 13448: 13447: 13442: 13436: 13420: 13416: 13415: 13410: 13404: 13388: 13384: 13383: 13378: 13372: 13356: 13352: 13351: 13346: 13340: 13338: 13321: 13317: 13313: 13307: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13276: 13260: 13256: 13250: 13234: 13230: 13226: 13220: 13204: 13200: 13196: 13190: 13184: 13178: 13171: 13167: 13164: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13143: 13141:9780521850414 13137: 13133: 13126: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13096: 13094: 13077: 13073: 13069: 13062: 13060: 13043: 13039: 13038:Today's Zaman 13035: 13029: 13018: 13011: 13005: 12989: 12985: 12979: 12972: 12968: 12965: 12959: 12943: 12939: 12933: 12927:, 20 May 2008 12926: 12922: 12919: 12914: 12912: 12895: 12891: 12887: 12881: 12864: 12860: 12854: 12838: 12834: 12830: 12823: 12807: 12803: 12799: 12793: 12774: 12767: 12761: 12745: 12741: 12737: 12730: 12714: 12710: 12704: 12698: 12694: 12690: 12686: 12684: 12667: 12663: 12657: 12655: 12653: 12651: 12634: 12630: 12626: 12620: 12604: 12600: 12599: 12594: 12587: 12579: 12567: 12551: 12547: 12545:9781857432558 12541: 12537: 12536: 12528: 12526: 12524: 12516: 12512: 12509: 12506: 12505: 12499: 12490: 12488: 12479: 12473: 12469: 12462: 12455: 12443: 12439: 12435: 12429: 12422: 12421:archive.today 12418: 12415: 12410: 12399: 12395: 12393:975-7217-25-5 12389: 12385: 12378: 12372: 12364: 12360: 12359: 12358:Today's Zaman 12354: 12348: 12340: 12334: 12330: 12323: 12316: 12310: 12294: 12290: 12286: 12279: 12271: 12265: 12261: 12254: 12252: 12245: 12241: 12238: 12234: 12233: 12232:Today's Zaman 12227: 12219: 12217:9781138918870 12213: 12209: 12202: 12196: 12192: 12189: 12183: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12147: 12145: 12143: 12141: 12139: 12131: 12127: 12124: 12119: 12117: 12100: 12096: 12094:9781316720592 12090: 12086: 12085: 12077: 12075: 12066: 12060: 12052: 12045: 12029: 12025: 12023:9781856498227 12019: 12016:. Zed Books. 12015: 12014: 12006: 11998: 11996:9781136938672 11992: 11989:. Routledge. 11988: 11987: 11979: 11977: 11960: 11956: 11954:9781351480376 11950: 11947:. Routledge. 11946: 11945: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11919: 11915: 11911: 11905: 11889: 11885: 11879: 11863: 11859: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11830: 11823: 11819: 11816: 11813: 11812: 11811:Today's Zaman 11806: 11799: 11795: 11792: 11789: 11788: 11787:The Economist 11782: 11775: 11771: 11768: 11765: 11764: 11763:Today's Zaman 11758: 11751: 11750: 11743: 11736: 11732: 11729: 11723: 11707: 11703: 11697: 11695: 11693: 11691: 11689: 11687: 11685: 11677: 11662: 11655: 11649: 11633: 11629: 11628: 11621: 11605: 11601: 11597: 11591: 11575: 11571: 11567: 11561: 11559: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11528: 11519: 11517: 11500: 11496: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11462: 11458: 11451: 11444: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11415: 11410: 11406: 11400: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11342: 11335: 11316: 11312: 11305: 11299: 11280: 11276: 11269: 11263: 11261: 11259: 11243: 11239: 11233: 11231: 11214: 11210: 11209: 11204: 11200: 11196: 11190: 11174: 11170: 11164: 11160: 11159: 11151: 11135: 11131: 11125: 11121: 11120: 11112: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11084: 11064: 11057: 11051: 11049: 11032: 11028: 11022: 11018: 11017: 11009: 11007: 10990: 10986: 10980: 10976: 10975: 10967: 10965: 10956: 10950: 10946: 10941: 10940: 10931: 10929: 10920: 10918:9781564321909 10914: 10910: 10905: 10904: 10896: 10877: 10873: 10866: 10859: 10857: 10837: 10830: 10824: 10822: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10812: 10810: 10790: 10783: 10782:Annual report 10777: 10775: 10773: 10756: 10752: 10751: 10746: 10740: 10738: 10736: 10728: 10723: 10717: 10713: 10709: 10702: 10686: 10682: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10667: 10659: 10643: 10639: 10633: 10629: 10628: 10620: 10613: 10612: 10607: 10603: 10600: 10594: 10586: 10580: 10577:. Routledge. 10576: 10575: 10567: 10551: 10547: 10545:9780275965907 10541: 10537: 10536: 10528: 10521: 10515: 10499: 10495: 10489: 10485: 10484: 10476: 10474: 10457: 10453: 10447: 10443: 10442: 10434: 10418: 10414: 10412:9780739184035 10408: 10404: 10403: 10395: 10387: 10381: 10377: 10370: 10363: 10359: 10356: 10351: 10349: 10329: 10321: 10314: 10307: 10303: 10299: 10295: 10292: 10287: 10271: 10267: 10263: 10257: 10241: 10237: 10236: 10231: 10225: 10209: 10205: 10204: 10199: 10193: 10177: 10173: 10166: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10135: 10129:, 23 May 2010 10128: 10124: 10121: 10118: 10113: 10097: 10093: 10092: 10087: 10080: 10064: 10061:. Ekurd.net. 10060: 10054: 10038: 10034: 10028: 10021: 10015: 10013: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9967: 9960: 9954: 9938: 9934: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9870: 9854: 9850: 9844: 9828: 9824: 9817: 9801: 9797: 9791: 9775: 9771: 9765: 9757: 9753: 9747: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9701: 9697: 9691: 9685: 9681: 9678: 9675: 9670: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9628: 9624: 9617: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9587: 9570: 9566: 9565:Today's Zaman 9562: 9555: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9524: 9509: 9505: 9498: 9482: 9478: 9472: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9392: 9376: 9372: 9365: 9349: 9345: 9338: 9322: 9318: 9317: 9309: 9293: 9289: 9288:The Economist 9285: 9279: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9249: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9219: 9218: 9210: 9194: 9190: 9184: 9180: 9179: 9171: 9156: 9152: 9151: 9143: 9141: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9127: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9070: 9066: 9065: 9060: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9041: 9036: 9029: 9025: 9022: 9019: 9014: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8957: 8955: 8948: 8943: 8927: 8923: 8917: 8906: 8902: 8895: 8889: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8833: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8787: 8783: 8779: 8773: 8757: 8753: 8747: 8731: 8727: 8721: 8705: 8701: 8695: 8693: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8620: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8588: 8587:9789004108615 8584: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8554: 8550: 8544: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8518: 8512: 8496: 8492: 8486: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8397: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8378: 8374: 8373: 8365: 8358: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8330:(1): 95–114. 8329: 8325: 8321: 8314: 8307: 8301: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8271: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8241: 8234: 8230: 8220:{{cite web * 8217: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8166: 8151: 8147: 8140: 8136: 8120: 8114: 8110: 8109:PKK-terrorism 8106: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8080: 8071: 8067: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7992: 7989: 7985: 7975: 7973: 7968: 7966: 7962: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7936: 7934: 7928: 7926: 7921: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7864:Deryan Aktert 7858: 7856: 7849: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7826: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7801:In 1997, the 7799: 7798: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7779: 7777: 7776:hunger strike 7773: 7769: 7764: 7761: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7733: 7724: 7722: 7717: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7670: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7643: 7641: 7636: 7634: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7622:a bomb attack 7618: 7615: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7577: 7575: 7570: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7555: 7553: 7552:village guard 7549: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7534: 7530: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7502: 7500: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7466: 7464: 7459: 7457: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7441: 7439: 7434: 7431: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7407: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7385: 7383: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7366:village guard 7363: 7358: 7355:According to 7352: 7348: 7346: 7340: 7338: 7333: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7285: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7257: 7256:Turkish mafia 7253: 7249: 7239: 7237: 7236:Hevrin Khalaf 7232: 7230: 7226: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7200: 7198: 7187: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7162: 7159: 7149: 7145: 7136: 7134: 7129: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7094:According to 7091: 7086: 7084: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7041: 7033: 7030: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6999: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6961: 6957: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6943: 6939: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6923: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6898: 6892: 6881: 6879: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6854: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6837:control. The 6835: 6831: 6826: 6825:Turkification 6820: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6789: 6786: 6783: 6781:Total : 6779: 6775: 6772: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6755:Northern Iraq 6752: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6721:Northern Iraq 6719: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6708: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6691:Northern Iraq 6689: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6661:Northern Iraq 6659: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6631:Northern Iraq 6629: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6618: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6601:Northern Iraq 6599: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6541:Northern Iraq 6539: 6536: 6535: 6531: 6528: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6511:Northern Iraq 6509: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481:Northern Iraq 6479: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6417:Northern Iraq 6415: 6412: 6411: 6407: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6357:Northern Iraq 6354: 6351: 6349:25 April 2017 6348: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6292:Northern Iraq 6290: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6270:Operation Sun 6268: 6265: 6263: 6262:Northern Iraq 6260: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6232:Northern Iraq 6230: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6164:Northern Iraq 6162: 6159: 6158: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6104:Northern Iraq 6102: 6100:23 March 1995 6099: 6098: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6074:Northern Iraq 6072: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6044:Northern Iraq 6042: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6014:Northern Iraq 6012: 6009: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980:Northern Iraq 5978: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5950:Northern Iraq 5948: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5920:Northern Iraq 5918: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5886:Northern Iraq 5884: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5852:Northern Iraq 5850: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5822:Northern Iraq 5820: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5810:1,452 (1,232) 5809: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5792:Northern Iraq 5790: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5762:Northern Iraq 5760: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5732:Northern Iraq 5730: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5702:Northern Iraq 5700: 5697: 5696: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5672:Northern Iraq 5670: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5642:Northern Iraq 5640: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5580: 5573: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4482: 4479: 4471: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4439: 4430: 4429: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4049: 4041: 4036: 4027: 4025: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3836:, attacked a 3835: 3831: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3787:, August 2015 3786: 3781: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3742:Islamic State 3739: 3735: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3709: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629:Sakine Cansız 3626: 3625:assassination 3622: 3618: 3614: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3570:heavy clashes 3567: 3563: 3559: 3556:as President 3555: 3545: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3532:single ambush 3529: 3525: 3521: 3512: 3507: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3484: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3402:Operation Sun 3393: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3282:Zübeyir Aydar 3279: 3275: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3178: 3170: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105:civil society 3102: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3064:deforestation 3061: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2994:Turkification 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2962:Adnan Kahveci 2958: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2894: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2882:authoritarian 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2850:Ibrahim Halik 2847: 2843: 2839: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783:hunger strike 2779: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2722:Kahramanmaraş 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2594:Suruç bombing 2591: 2587: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2451:an estimated 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2377: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2310: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2157:Ankara (2023) 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2125:Sinjar (2021) 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2085:Sinjar (2018) 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2035:N Iraq (2016) 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1934:Martyr Yalçın 1932: 1930: 1929:Siirt bombing 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1840:N Iraq (2007) 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1746:N Iraq (1992) 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1716:N Iraq (1987) 1714: 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Retrieved 8149: 8139: 8119: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8079: 8070: 7993: 7981: 7969: 7958: 7942: 7929: 7922: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7908: 7905: 7898: 7895: 7884: 7860: 7855:Bekaa Valley 7851: 7832: 7819:Duran Kalkan 7800: 7796: 7795: 7780: 7765: 7757: 7734: 7730: 7718: 7703: 7692: 7673: 7666: 7655: 7644: 7637: 7630: 7619: 7616: 7601: 7578: 7571: 7567: 7556: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7526: 7503: 7496: 7493: 7478: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7442: 7435: 7432: 7429: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7401: 7386: 7379: 7354: 7350: 7341: 7334: 7290: 7252:Tansu Çiller 7245: 7233: 7222: 7219: 7216: 7204:Özgür Gündem 7195: 7193: 7173: 7167:The Guardian 7165: 7163: 7155: 7146: 7142: 7130: 7118: 7114: 7109: 7093: 7088: 7059: 7042: 7038: 7018: 7015: 7003: 6995: 6980: 6965:The European 6962: 6958: 6946: 6935: 6932: 6924: 6920: 6900: 6875: 6870:Eric Rouleau 6863:human rights 6860: 6851: 6822: 6799:Afrin canton 6795: 6725:Land and air 6695:Land and air 6597:15 June 2020 6575:Land and air 6545:Land and Air 6515:Land and Air 6485:Land and Air 6421:Land and air 6405:4,500-7,100+ 6391:Land and air 6326:Land and air 6266:Land and air 6236:Land and air 6206:Land and air 6168:Land and air 6160:14 June 1996 6138:Land and air 6108:Land and air 6078:Land and air 6048:Land and air 6018:Land and Air 5988:Land and Air 5954:Land and Air 5924:Land and air 5894:Land and Air 5860:Land and Air 5796:Land and air 5766:Land and air 5736:Land and air 5706:Land and air 5698:4 March 1987 5676:Land and air 5605: 5597: 5585: 5576: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5525:, as of July 5522: 5515: 5498: 5491: 5474: 5467: 5450: 5443: 5426: 5419: 5402: 5395: 5378: 5371: 5354: 5345: 5326: 5316: 5298: 5285: 5283: 5276: 5258: 5251: 5234: 5220: 5203: 5193: 5188: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5161:Crisis Group 5158: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5119: 5105: 5098: 5084: 5077: 5063: 5056: 5042: 5035: 5021: 5014: 5000: 4993: 4979: 4972: 4958: 4951: 4937: 4930: 4916: 4909: 4895: 4888: 4874: 4867: 4853: 4846: 4832: 4825: 4811: 4804: 4790: 4783: 4769: 4762: 4748: 4741: 4727: 4720: 4706: 4699: 4685: 4678: 4664: 4657: 4643: 4636: 4622: 4615: 4601: 4594: 4580: 4573: 4559: 4552: 4538: 4531: 4517: 4489: 4474: 4465: 4442: 4414: 4401: 4388: 4375: 4362: 4349: 4336: 4323: 4310: 4297: 4284: 4271: 4258: 4245: 4232: 4219: 4206: 4193: 4180: 4167: 4154: 4141: 4128: 4115: 4107:Low estimate 4092: 4081: 4068: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4021: 4009: 3993: 3971: 3958: 3943: 3930:Kılıçdaroğlu 3918: 3911: 3906:Afrin Region 3876:Afrin Canton 3861: 3827: 3816: 3801: 3790: 3731: 3712:2015–present 3706: 3689:to northern 3684: 3659: 3644: 3620: 3610: 3551: 3541:an offensive 3516: 3487: 3479: 3435: 3399: 3373: 3336: 3307: 3286: 3270: 3266:Murat Bozlak 3245:Osman Öcalan 3233: 3226: 3210: 3201: 3193: 3183: 3122: 3098: 3057: 3045:Tansu Çiller 3038: 3025:Şemdin Sakık 3010: 2998:Kemal Burkay 2975: 2966:Eşref Bitlis 2959: 2943: 2931: 2916: 2887: 2878:Engin Sincer 2846:Duran Kalkan 2834: 2830:conscription 2798:Beqaa Valley 2795: 2778:Mazlum Doğan 2775: 2755: 2703: 2675:Mount Ararat 2671: 2634: 2632: 2583: 2552: 2508:human rights 2500: 2461: 2428: 2418: 2389: 2387: 2349: 2342: 2320: 2115:Claw-Eagle 2 2100:Peace Spring 2075:Olive Branch 1961:Cizre (2016) 1956:Cizre (2015) 1939:Police raids 1631: 1627: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1565:2015–present 1563: 1556: 1548:2015–present 1546: 1539: 1527: 1515: 1494: 1488: 1417: 1397: 1376: 1371:Hülya Eroğlu 1355: 1304:Mazlum Doğan 1289: 1268: 1247: 1216:Osman Öcalan 1196:Şemdin Sakık 1134:Duran Kalkan 1100: 1099: 1092:Musa Avsever 924:İlker Başbuğ 912:Işık Koşaner 900:Bülend Ulusu 876:Tansu Çiller 852:Mesut Yılmaz 828:Abdullah Gül 691: 690: 676: 662: 654: 651:(until 2017) 573: 565: 417: 366: 358: 338:(Until 1992) 329: 328: 155: 154: 149:Belligerents 109: 87:Southeastern 42:Part of the 29: 25424:Arab Winter 25419:Arab Spring 24819:Afghanistan 24752:2006 crisis 24747:1999 crisis 24292:World War I 23750:Suez Crisis 23697:Suez Crisis 23426:Arab Revolt 23408:World War I 23333:WikiProject 23264:Video games 23056:Individuals 23049:LGBT rights 23039:Health care 23006:Immigration 22787:Gendarmerie 22746:Referendums 22662:Legislative 22559:Earthquakes 22444:Oghuz Turks 22333:Dissolution 21999:Erdal İnönü 21969:Turgut Özal 21948:Necdet Özel 21908:Hilmi Özkök 21893:Doğan Güreş 21878:Necdet Üruğ 21858:Kenan Evren 21756:Orhan Doğan 21751:Hatip Dicle 21675:Haji Ahmadi 21660:Bahoz Erdal 21655:Cemîl Bayik 21010:(2008–2014) 21004:(2005–2009) 20992:(1997–2005) 20986:(1994–2003) 20980:(1993–1994) 20974:(1990–1993) 20631:Grey Wolves 20593:Coast Guard 20588:Gendarmerie 20445:28 December 20417:28 December 20383:Geneva Call 20318:Justice.gov 20214:(in German) 20045:. May 1987. 19794:irp.fas.org 19323:30 November 18784:: 633–671. 18562:11693/21264 18506:20 December 18046:1 September 17936:www.hrw.org 17748:11 December 17473:www.hrw.org 17415:29 December 17389:. p. 1 17364:29 December 16702:25 December 16571:29 December 16479:12 December 15959:16 February 15929:16 February 15887:15 February 15502:17 February 15360:2 September 14473:TodaysZaman 14064:17 February 13742:3 September 13712:22 February 13654:22 February 13544:2 September 13326:29 December 13296:2 September 13265:11 December 13239:29 December 13209:29 December 12900:29 December 12609:15 December 12448:12 December 11405:Weiner, Tim 10845:29 December 10798:29 December 10761:29 December 10556:27 December 10423:2 September 10276:30 November 10246:30 November 9993:. Fas.org. 9559:Emre Uslu. 9381:27 December 9354:27 December 9298:27 December 9268:27 December 8190:1874/420966 8155:16 February 7972:Geneva Call 7868:Doğubayazıt 7815:Cemil Bayik 7727:Kidnappings 7472:village of 7303:, civilian 7161:Southeast. 6830:Ziya Gökalp 6220:2,730 (415) 5646:Hot pursuit 5638:27 May 1983 4441:This table 3921:Hulusi Akar 3868:Sham Legion 3766:Ceylanpınar 3633:Fidan Doğan 3595:Necdet Özel 3364:Kani Yilmaz 3354:and one in 3257:Bahoz Erdal 3253:Cemil Bayik 3237:Kani Yilmaz 3049:Castle Plan 2934:Turgut Özal 2862:Saime Askin 2842:Cemil Bayik 2738:Palestinian 2714:Grey Wolves 2695:Grey Wolves 2681:, Tunceli, 2643:Cemil Bayik 1924:Ceylanpınar 1905:Beytüşşebap 1821:Blue Market 1592:2,400–4,000 1557:Before 2015 1540:Before 2015 1474:Gendarmerie 1453:Haji Ahmadi 1412:Ayfer Kordu 1263:Kani Yılmaz 1156:Cemil Bayık 1145:Bahoz Erdal 1080:Hulusi Akar 1056:Ümit Dündar 1008:Necdet Üruğ 984:Doğan Güreş 948:Hilmi Özkök 792:Turgut Özal 780:Kenan Evren 738:Metin Gürak 727:Yaşar Güler 601:MKP-HKO-PHG 342:Grey Wolves 93:, Northern 25444:Categories 24989:Second War 24967:Azerbaijan 24935:Uzbekistan 24914:Tajikistan 24888:Kyrgyzstan 24872:Kazakhstan 24835:Civil War 24735:East Timor 24573:and South) 24347:South Asia 23205:Newspapers 23190:Literature 23170:Folk dance 23071:Corruption 22955:Minorities 22883:Renewables 22838:Automotive 22647:Government 22378:Secularism 21806:Emine Ayna 21761:Ahmet Türk 21746:Leyla Zana 21741:Yaşar Kaya 20734:(YJA-STAR) 20618:Deep state 20558:Government 20355:Al-Monitor 20218:7 November 20192:7 November 20166:8 November 20140:8 November 20011:7 November 19968:8 November 19936:t24.com.tr 19916:10 January 19844:10 January 19818:10 January 19812:DailySabah 19684:2010-08-23 19647:30 October 19621:30 October 19596:30 October 19571:30 October 19545:17 January 19457:7 November 19403:DailySabah 19383:11 January 19357:11 January 19276:11 January 19160:27 January 19033:1 February 18250:17 October 18140:3 December 17920:: 2. 1993. 17886:10 January 17622:31 January 17600:31 January 16928:birgun.net 16814:Ensonhaber 16536:15 January 16506:26 October 16431:12 October 16372:23 October 16342:26 October 16012:Al-Monitor 15855:10 October 15462:Al Jazeera 15191:23 January 15181:DailySabah 15161:23 January 15151:DailySabah 15131:23 January 15121:DailySabah 14881:26 October 14759:26 October 14699:26 October 14673:26 October 14483:26 October 14429:26 October 14336:26 October 13955:Asia Times 13902:20 January 13596:12 October 13561:Jamestown 13513:12 October 13288:. London. 13181:Jamestown 13161:Jamestown 13115:26 October 13105:Ucdp.uu.se 12742:. London. 12105:3 November 12034:3 November 11965:3 November 11918:9757217093 11670:26 January 11638:26 January 11610:26 January 11570:Al Jazeera 11219:4 December 10337:24 October 9575:5 February 9536:. London. 8878:15 January 8852:1 December 8792:1 December 8396:villagers. 8280:thesop.org 8150:Al-Monitor 8132:References 7829:Executions 7787:Diyarbakır 7772:Diyarbakır 7680:Diyarbakir 7583:and threw 7548:Güçlükonak 7456:Diyarbakır 7389:a massacre 7362:Güçlükonak 7329:executions 7301:kidnapping 7208:Musa Anter 7190:Executions 7070:repressive 6930:soldiers. 6834:Young Turk 6805:and other 6803:YPG Manbij 6759:Airstrikes 6635:Airstrikes 6605:Airstrikes 6455:Airstrikes 6435:234 or 379 6361:Airstrikes 6296:Airstrikes 5189:Insurgents 4509:Insurgents 4452:improve it 4030:Casualties 3785:Diyarbakır 3722:See also: 3697:Escalation 3656:Diyarbakır 3483:İskenderun 3317:and small 3227:After the 3202:KONGRA-GEL 3172:KADEK flag 3132:, then to 3002:Ahmet Türk 2826:Helve Camp 2647:Haki Karer 2629:Beginnings 2598:Diyarbakır 2521:, and the 2503:insurgency 2402:separation 2147:Claw-Sword 2110:İskenderun 2080:Siirt raid 1870:İskenderun 1855:Diyarbakır 1324:Halil Atac 1284:Haki Karer 124:Escalation 25219:Palestine 24979:First War 24849:1996–2001 24844:1992–1996 24839:1989–1992 24650:Indonesia 24536:East Asia 24480:Sri Lanka 23259:TV series 23217:Miniature 23160:Festivals 23076:Terrorism 23027:Education 22960:Languages 22804:Air Force 22719:Elections 22667:Executive 22613:Mountains 22480:Geography 22399:Overviews 22338:Partition 22304:Tulip era 21984:Ali Bozer 21962:Political 21729:Political 21638:Insurgent 21559:2011–2012 21506:Serhildan 21228:2004–2012 21216:1999–2004 21085:Karageçit 21073:1984–1999 21047:1974–1984 20964:Political 20674:Insurgent 20646:Ergenekon 20578:Air Force 20412:Unodc.org 20331:5 January 20295:5 January 20269:5 January 20243:5 January 20115:9 January 20061:Serxwebûn 20043:Serxwebûn 20028:Serxwebûn 19985:Serxwebûn 19941:7 January 19895:9 January 19870:9 January 19774:5 January 19740:5 January 19352:0261-3077 19134:5 January 18928:5 January 18897:5 January 18869:5 January 18810:2148-7537 18711:5 January 18634:5 January 18600:5 January 18480:5 January 18455:5 January 18450:Aa.com.tr 18308:0013-0613 18224:9 January 18168:5 January 18010:9 January 17988:9 January 17941:7 January 17833:29 August 17713:5 January 17688:5 January 17648:2 January 17590:"Variant" 17504:9 January 17478:9 January 17455:155139277 17040:5 January 17010:5 January 16724:29 August 16393:En.apa.az 16362:Aa.com.tr 16170:The Local 16110:0362-4331 15919:0362-4331 15798:6 October 15580:Odatv.com 15528:1 January 15472:1 January 15350:Economist 15300:15 August 14854:23 August 14729:5 January 14633:Jamestown 14613:5 January 14603:Jpost.com 14005:1 January 12833:Jamestown 12719:6 January 12566:cite book 12059:cite book 11920:, page 68 11858:1773-0546 11423:0362-4331 11376:154023896 11368:1080-3920 11288:5 January 11247:5 January 11101:1 January 11072:1 January 10235:France 24 10145:Jamestown 10117:Bloomberg 9904:144368127 9896:1354-5078 9121:0925-4994 9003:5 January 8932:29 August 8822:7 October 8357:struggle. 8352:145444623 8344:0020-7438 8208:204390944 7927:of Iraq. 7891:Serxwebûn 7821:, in its 7807:terrorist 7797:Terrorism 7766:In 2014, 7741:Austrians 7737:Americans 7695:a bombing 7581:petroleum 7554:forces". 7504:In 1998, 7491:highway. 7470:Cevizdalı 7376:Massacres 7305:massacres 7214:in 1992. 7197:Yeni Ülke 7164:In 2013, 7078:terrorism 6963:In 1995, 6917:Massacres 6843:Kemalists 6784:538 (769) 6214:114 (338) 5621:Operation 5181:Civilians 4506:Civilians 4456:verifying 4057:Both the 3990:Serhildan 3984:Serhildan 3772:bases in 3736:militia, 3587:Gaziantep 3511:Frankfurt 3466:an ambush 3311:landmines 3296:2003–2005 2948:launched 2944:In 1992, 2902:1984–1993 2814:dictators 2810:Kurdistan 2651:Kemal Pir 2618:Yüksekova 2532:massacres 2492:Kurdistan 2478:, dress, 2406:Kurdistan 2378:rebellion 2372:rebellion 2355:Serhildan 2222:2011–2012 2170:Serhildan 2130:Claw-Lock 1756:Başbağlar 1701:Karageçit 1481:: 225,000 25386:conflict 24714:Thailand 24634:Cambodia 24417:Pakistan 24337:Cold War 24105:Iraq War 23309:Category 23247:Football 23232:Painting 23175:Folklore 23083:Marriage 22989:Istanbul 22972:Religion 22925:Railways 22915:Aviation 22853:Currency 22711:Politics 22679:Judicial 22655:Branches 22633:Wildlife 22423:Military 22411:Economic 22316:Tanzimat 22047:See also 21851:Military 21498:Protests 20916:Hüda-Par 20568:Military 20520:Timeline 20290:Refworld 20212:ANF News 20089:15 April 19693:cite web 19641:CNN Türk 19270:BBC News 19244:Archived 19240:Hürriyet 19214:Archived 19210:Hürriyet 19184:Archived 19180:Hürriyet 19154:Archived 19008:Archived 18951:Archived 18683:Archived 18681:, 1996. 18657:Archived 18655:, 1997. 18571:55920795 18471:"Turkey" 18386:Springer 18356:Archived 18335:Hürriyet 18083:Archived 18081:, 1997. 17932:"Turkey" 17643:Refworld 17312:20049970 17070:15 April 16818:Archived 16788:Memurlar 16751:15 April 16676:15 April 16562:Archived 16530:Archived 16526:Milliyet 16452:Archived 16401:cite web 16366:Archived 16316:13 April 16307:Archived 16284:13 April 16275:Archived 16249:15 April 16174:Archived 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March 12843:15 April 12837:Archived 12812:13 April 12782:15 April 12773:Archived 12750:15 April 12744:Archived 12693:Archived 12672:15 April 12666:Archived 12639:15 April 12633:Archived 12603:Archived 12556:15 April 12550:Archived 12511:Archived 12442:Archived 12417:Archived 12386:. 2000. 12293:Archived 12289:Refworld 12240:Archived 12191:Archived 12172:15 April 12126:Archived 12099:Archived 12028:Archived 11959:Archived 11868:19 March 11862:Archived 11818:Archived 11794:Archived 11770:Archived 11731:Archived 11712:15 April 11661:Archived 11632:Archived 11604:Archived 11580:21 March 11541:Archived 11505:15 April 11427:Archived 11380:Archived 11315:Archived 11213:Archived 11201:(2008). 11173:Archived 11134:Archived 11095:Archived 11063:Archived 11031:Archived 10989:Archived 10876:Archived 10836:Archived 10789:Archived 10755:Archived 10708:"Turkey" 10685:Archived 10642:Archived 10602:Archived 10550:Archived 10498:Archived 10456:Archived 10417:Archived 10358:Archived 10294:Archived 10270:Archived 10240:Archived 10214:15 April 10208:Archived 10203:BBC News 10182:15 April 10155:15 April 10149:Archived 10123:Archived 10102:15 April 10096:Archived 10091:BBC News 10069:15 April 10063:Archived 10043:12 April 10001:15 April 9995:Archived 9975:15 April 9937:Archived 9859:15 April 9833:15 April 9806:15 April 9800:Archived 9780:15 April 9730:Archived 9706:15 April 9680:Archived 9674:BBC News 9659:15 April 9633:15 April 9627:Archived 9606:10 April 9544:15 April 9538:Archived 9534:Guardian 9513:15 April 9508:BBC News 9487:15 April 9461:15 April 9435:15 April 9429:Archived 9375:Archived 9321:Archived 9292:Archived 9232:Archived 9193:Archived 9155:archived 9075:15 April 9069:Archived 9024:Archived 8997:Archived 8971:Archived 8846:Archived 8816:Archived 8786:Archived 8762:16 April 8756:Archived 8730:Archived 8710:21 March 8681:21 March 8655:21 March 8649:Archived 8625:21 March 8553:Archived 8527:Archived 8495:Archived 8469:Archived 8443:Archived 8417:Archived 8391:85162306 8290:17 April 8284:Archived 8260:17 April 8254:Archived 8014:See also 7952:and the 7846:Brussels 7749:Karliova 7710:Bayraklı 7706:car bomb 7699:Istanbul 7633:Güroymak 7612:Altındağ 7597:Istanbul 7265:cannabis 7116:deaths. 7106:stated: 7085:stated: 6872:states: 6589:508 (73) 6341:131 (37) 6250:865 (37) 6086:64 (185) 5804:28 (125) 3840:base in 3646:Milliyet 3574:Şemdinli 3470:Reşadiye 3418:Şemdinli 3416:post in 3352:Marmaris 3321:, using 3319:ambushes 3229:AK Party 3109:Damascus 3089:Zap Camp 2986:Barelias 2938:Gulf War 2614:Nusaybin 2480:folklore 2410:autonomy 2396:and the 2055:Şemdinli 1910:Şemdinli 1880:Istanbul 1865:Reşadiye 1816:Istanbul 1731:Taşdelen 1726:Yeşilova 1721:Pınarcık 1685:Timeline 1614:Islamist 1503:: 32,800 1463:Strength 406:YJA-STAR 78:Location 25188:Lebanon 25000:Bahrain 24676:Myanmar 23497:Revolts 23345:Outline 23321:Commons 23254:Theater 23237:Pottery 23153:Ottoman 23148:Cuisine 23126:Ottoman 23103:Culture 23088:Poverty 23020:Society 22905:Tourism 22858:Defense 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