5285:
identity. The language the
Ndwandwe spoke was thus nearly identical Zulu. Below are some examples of words found in chitumbuka that are of Zulu/Ndwandwe origin, though most of them have original Tumbuka counterpart words that can be used interchangeably at the speakers will, (excluding 'munwe/minwe' meaning 'finger/fingers' for example, that seemingly did not have an original counterpart or the original word has been lost). The word njowi is used for finger/s.
219:
206:
193:
450:, since in 1968 as a result of his one-nation, one-language policy it lost its status as an official language in Malawi. As a result, Tumbuka was removed from the school curriculum, the national radio, and the print media. With the advent of multi-party democracy in 1994, Tumbuka programmes were started again on the radio, but the number of books and other publications in Tumbuka remains low.
1908:. Malawians themselves (e.g. in the University of Malawi's Citumbuka dictionary) refer to the noun classes by traditional names such as "Mu-Ŵa-"; Bantu specialists, however, refer to the classes by numbers (1/2 etc.) corresponding to the noun-classes of other Bantu languages. Occasionally nouns do not correspond to the classes below, e.g.
5523:
Another day when Hare was walking along, Tortoise found him and said, "There it is, my tail!" Hare said, "Nonsense, this is my tail, Tortoise." Tortoise refused to accept this and said, "What I've got is mine." They went to the Court so that it could make a judgement. In that Court, the case went in
5488:
Wali mu nthowa, kalulu wakiza kunyuma kwakhe ndipo wakati “bowo, thumba lane!” Fulu wakati, "Thumba ndane iwe, wona cingwe ici ndakaka sono nkhuguza pakwenda.” Kalulu wakakana nipera, ndipo wakati “Tilute ku Mphala yikateruzge.” Mphala yikadumula mlandu na kuceketa cingwe ico Fulu wakakakira thumba.
5517:
As he was on his way, Hare came up behind him and said, "There it is, my bag!" Tortoise said "The bag is mine, see this string I've tied now I'm pulling it as I go." Hare refused to accept this and said "Let's go the Court, so that it can judge us." The Court examined the case and cut
Tortoise's
1885:
As is usual with Bantu languages, Tumbuka nouns are grouped into different noun classes according to their singular and plural prefixes. Each class of noun has its own adjective, pronoun, and verb agreements, known as 'concords'. Where the agreements disagree with the prefix, the agreements take
5284:
All
Tumbuka dialects have to some extent been affected by the Ngoni language, most especially in Mzimba District of Malawi. Ngoni is a language that originates from the Ndwandwe people who were neighbours to the Zulu clan prior to being conquered by the Zulu and being assimilated into the Zulu
2557:
Verbs, adjectives, numbers, possessives, and pronouns in
Tumbuka have to agree with the noun referred to. This is done by means of prefixes, infixes, or suffixes called 'concords' which differ according to the class of noun. Class 1 has the greatest variety of concords, differing for pronouns,
5498:
Pa zuŵa linyakhe Kalulu wakendanga, Fulu wakamsanga ndipo wakati, "Bowo, mcira wane!" Kalulu wakati, “Ake! Fulu iwe m'cira ngwane." Fulu wakakana, ndipo wakati, "Ndasola ngwane." Ŵakaluta ku mphala, kuti yikaŵeruzge. Ku Mphala kula mlandu ukatowera Fulu. Ŵakadumula m'cira wa Kalulu nakupa
1805:
accent but in a very limited way, in that every word, spoken in isolation, has the same falling tone on the penultimate syllable (which also coincides with stress). It is therefore not possible in
Tumbuka to contrast two different words or two different tenses tonally, as it is in
387:
in 1998 estimated that there were approximately two million
Tumbuka speakers, though other sources estimated a much smaller number. The majority of Tumbuka speakers are said to live in Malawi. Tumbuka is the most widely spoken of the languages of Northern Malawi, especially in the
5465:
An example of a folktale translated into
Tumbuka and other languages of Northern Malawi is given in the Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi carried out by the Centre for Language Studies of the University of Malawi. The Tumbuka version of the folktale goes as follows:
476:'year' are written with 'b' and 'ch', and the new official spelling (used for example in the Citumbuka dictionary published online by the Centre for Language Studies and in the online Bible), in which the same words are written with 'ŵ' and 'c', e.g.
1810:
and other Bantu languages. However, this penultimate falling tone occurs not on every word, but only on the last word of a phonological phrase; e.g. in the following sentence, only the second word has a tone, the first being toneless:
445:
Throughout the history of Malawi, only
Tumbuka and Chewa (Nyanja) have at one time or another been the primary dominant language used by government officials. However, the Tumbuka language suffered a lot during the rule of President
4611:
In the past a distinction is made between hodiernal tenses (referring to events of today) and remote tenses (referring to events of yesterday or some time ago). However, the boundary between recent and remote is not exact.
6647:
4615:
Another distinction is made between past and perfect tenses. When a perfect tense is used it carries an implication that the resulting situation still exists at the time of speaking, for example: 'the pumpkins have spread
561:
562:
12639:
11144:
9784:
8586:
7293:
6604:
Chase, Robert (2004). "A Comparison of
Demonstratives in the Karonga and Henga Dialects of Tumbuka". Undergraduate paper. Amherst: Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Massachusetts.
5479:
Fulu wakaluta kukapemphiska vyakulya ku ŵanthu. Pakuyeya thumba lake wakacita kukaka ku cingwe citali na kuvwara mu singo, ndipo pakwenda thumba lake likizanga kunyuma kwakhe.
4608:
Tenses in
Tumbuka are made partly by adding infixes, and partly by suffixes. Unlike Chichewa, tones do not form any part of the distinction between one tense and another.
5512:
Tortoise went to beg food from people. To carry his bag, he tied it to a long string and wore it round his neck. As he walked along, the bag was coming behind him.
484:. (The sound 'ŵ' is a closely rounded pronounced with the tongue in the close-i position.) There is some uncertainty over where to write 'r' and where 'l', e.g.
563:
6731:
Shiozaki, Lisa (2004). "Concordial agreement in the Karonga dialect of Tumbuka". Undergraduate paper. Amherst: Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Massachusetts.
12632:
11137:
9777:
8579:
7286:
707:
Tumbuka consonants are frequently either palatalised (i.e. followed by /y/) or rounded (i.e. followed by /w/.) Some of them can also be preceded by a
1855:
Intonational tones are also used in Tumbuka; for example, in yes-no questions there is often a High-Low fall on the final syllable of the question:
458:
Two systems of writing Tumbuka are in use: the traditional spelling (used for example in the Chitumbuka version of Knowledge and in the newspaper
13559:
13554:
13549:
13544:
13539:
12625:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
12586:
11130:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
9770:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
8572:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
7279:
13611:
6655:
4474:
To indicate the object, an infix can be added to the verb immediately before the verb root. Generally speaking, the object-marker is optional:
6927:
6819:
4338:
When the subject is a personal pronoun, the subject prefixes are as follows (the pronoun itself may be omitted, but not the subject prefix):
368:
107:
4649:
The future tenses similarly distinguish near from remote events. Some tenses imply that the event will take place elsewhere, for example
8677:
8671:
4634:'I am pleased'. The remote perfect is used for events which happened some time ago but of which the effects still apply today, such as
6594:
13528:
12653:
12575:
11158:
11080:
9798:
9720:
8600:
8522:
7307:
7261:
292:
6728:
Mphande, L. (1989). "A Phonological Analysis of the Ideophone in Chitumbuka". Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Texas, Austin.
9022:
6135:
4301:
It is also possible for the subject to be a locative noun (classes 16, 17, 18), in which case the verb has a locative prefix:
6702:
407:
There are substantial differences between the form of Tumbuka spoken in urban areas of Malawi (which borrows some words from
8689:
12514:
6996:
6668:
Kamwendo "Your Chitumbuka is Shallow. It's not the Real Chitumbuka: Linguistic Purism Among Chitumbuka Speakers in Malawi"
1695:
6639:
Downing, Laura J. (2017). "Tone and intonation in Chichewa and Tumbuka". In Laura J. Downing & Annie Rialland (eds)
6920:
6812:
6686:
6652:
Theory and Description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics
10990:
1562:
987:
13338:
13332:
13326:
13320:
12617:
11122:
9762:
8564:
7271:
7250:
1496:
6782:
4030:
The following is a list of phrases that can be used when one visits a region whose primary language is Tumbuka:
1106:
249:
13601:
13596:
13409:
10252:
6913:
6805:
1597:
1529:
78:
677:
673:
657:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
13485:
11653:
11647:
11641:
10140:
10134:
10128:
8719:
8713:
4622:) over the garden'. The present perfect can also be used in verbs expressing a current situation such as
1579:
419:
variant is often regarded as the most "linguistically pure", and is sometimes called "real Tumbuka". The
6771:
6742:
6576:
1741:
1730:
1652:
1619:
1551:
1518:
1214:
1181:
1095:
1062:
976:
954:
943:
921:
865:
832:
592:, which are absent or marginal in Chewa, are common in Tumbuka. Also common are the palatalised sounds
311:
13586:
13421:
13415:
13373:
10768:
10246:
10240:
7596:
7419:
6755:
Vail, Hazen Leroy (1972). "Aspects of the Tumbuka Verb". Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin.
1752:
1739:
1728:
1717:
1706:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1650:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1595:
1577:
1560:
1549:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1505:
1494:
1469:
1458:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1357:
1346:
1333:
1322:
1311:
1300:
1289:
1278:
1267:
1247:
1236:
1223:
1212:
1201:
1190:
1179:
1168:
1157:
1137:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1018:
1007:
996:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:
930:
919:
889:
878:
863:
852:
841:
830:
819:
808:
88:
72:
13616:
13591:
11459:
11258:
10926:
10922:
10916:
10838:
10804:
10722:
10597:
9946:
9624:
7649:
7637:
7631:
306:
6777:
6708:
13606:
12700:
11524:
11228:
10011:
9594:
7839:
7555:
7543:
7537:
1009:
4503:
The object-marker agrees with the class of the object, as shown on the table of concords above.
4274:
All verbs must have a subject prefix, which agrees with the subject noun. For example, the word
12676:
12122:
11512:
11181:
10961:
9999:
9547:
8115:
6884:
6787:
6667:
1754:
1471:
1460:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1359:
1348:
1335:
1324:
1313:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1269:
13531:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
12578:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
11083:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
9723:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
8525:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
8245:
13519:
12969:
12566:
12279:
12273:
12110:
11611:
11071:
10098:
9711:
9476:
9333:
9327:
9246:
9052:
8891:
8754:
8665:
8513:
8317:
8311:
8281:
8275:
7991:
7973:
7967:
7961:
7360:
7342:
7153:
7067:
6874:
4946:
1798:
language, whereas in Tumbuka there are no distinctions of tone between one word and another.
1708:
843:
810:
711:
nasal (/n/, /ng'/ or /m/). The possible consonant combinations are shown in the table below:
6608:
6206:
See Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi (2006), pp.38-40 for a list of publications.
2689:
Other noun classes have a smaller variety of concords, as can be seen from the table below:
11252:
9618:
9518:
8239:
1128:
708:
6621:
Downing, Laura J. (2008). "Focus and prominence in Chichewa, Chitumbuka and Durban Zulu".
8:
13403:
12857:
12851:
12741:
12098:
12092:
9357:
9321:
8837:
8831:
8269:
8263:
7354:
7219:
7072:
6936:
6828:
1869:
1868:
There does not seem to be any consistent, direct correlation between tone in Tumbuka and
1238:
1225:
1192:
1159:
13296:
12706:
12467:
12461:
12443:
12437:
12431:
12186:
12168:
10698:
10692:
10359:
10353:
10323:
10317:
10311:
10305:
10299:
9470:
9464:
9458:
9199:
9193:
9105:
9099:
8335:
8329:
8323:
8305:
8299:
8293:
8287:
8021:
7047:
6636:, ed. Michael R. Marlo et al., 122-133. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
6522:
Kiso (2012), p. 184, 185, quoting Vail (1972). For the term 'distal', see Botne (1999).
1802:
1795:
880:
6766:
6149:
282:
12963:
12367:
11888:
11840:
11700:
11008:
10728:
10538:
10422:
9399:
9393:
9369:
9363:
9016:
8707:
8701:
8695:
8647:
8039:
8015:
7797:
7791:
7224:
7082:
6698:
6682:
6078:
742:
732:
383:
93:
13244:
13092:
13056:
13015:
12951:
12933:
12916:
12910:
12904:
12863:
12799:
12688:
11924:
11894:
11882:
11864:
11595:
11559:
11536:
11388:
11317:
11299:
11287:
11240:
11043:
10686:
10680:
10674:
10668:
10662:
10656:
10650:
10609:
10082:
10046:
10023:
9875:
9683:
9665:
9653:
9606:
9446:
9339:
9286:
9240:
9228:
9028:
9010:
8873:
8855:
8849:
8843:
8819:
8653:
8186:
7979:
7821:
7809:
7590:
7567:
7561:
7366:
7348:
7229:
7214:
7194:
7184:
7179:
7169:
7097:
7042:
6950:
6842:
6715:
6629:
6601:. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information, pp. 473–515.
6108:
6102:
6090:
1675:
727:
722:
408:
401:
164:
98:
12647:
11152:
9792:
8594:
7301:
7255:
13450:
13444:
13397:
13290:
13284:
13278:
13226:
13220:
13163:
13151:
13134:
13128:
13122:
13116:
13110:
13104:
13098:
13086:
13080:
13074:
13027:
13021:
13009:
12975:
12875:
12869:
12787:
12649:
12396:
12350:
12344:
12338:
12332:
12320:
12308:
12261:
12255:
12151:
12104:
11959:
11947:
11941:
11858:
11828:
11794:
11782:
11776:
11770:
11752:
11746:
11706:
11694:
11577:
11488:
11482:
11435:
11417:
11193:
11154:
11014:
10973:
10932:
10810:
10798:
10786:
10751:
10745:
10627:
10615:
10591:
10579:
10567:
10544:
10526:
10509:
10475:
10457:
10428:
10416:
10399:
10393:
10347:
10293:
10181:
10064:
9975:
9969:
9922:
9904:
9794:
9559:
9500:
9292:
9175:
9152:
9111:
9046:
9040:
8986:
8825:
8778:
8623:
8596:
8442:
8400:
8394:
8341:
8204:
8139:
8080:
8027:
7985:
7868:
7815:
7803:
7785:
7779:
7755:
7714:
7708:
7702:
7696:
7690:
7513:
7303:
7257:
7234:
7209:
7204:
7189:
7174:
7112:
7107:
7092:
7087:
7062:
7032:
7022:
6986:
6971:
801:
737:
428:
324:
113:
103:
64:
7584:
5663:= Good afternoon. How are you? (I spent the day well. I don't know about you?)
13512:
13491:
13479:
13456:
13391:
13385:
13367:
13355:
13314:
13308:
13302:
13261:
13232:
13214:
13208:
13157:
13068:
13062:
13039:
12945:
12939:
12898:
12793:
12770:
12764:
12758:
12718:
12712:
12694:
12682:
12559:
12520:
12496:
12479:
12473:
12449:
12414:
12408:
12402:
12379:
12373:
12326:
12314:
12302:
12227:
12221:
12215:
12209:
12203:
12180:
12174:
12128:
12116:
12075:
12069:
12063:
12057:
12045:
12037:
12032:
12009:
12003:
11987:
11918:
11912:
11906:
11900:
11876:
11870:
11852:
11846:
11834:
11718:
11712:
11677:
11671:
11665:
11659:
11629:
11623:
11617:
11601:
11589:
11583:
11571:
11565:
11542:
11530:
11518:
11506:
11500:
11494:
11465:
11453:
11429:
11394:
11382:
11376:
11370:
11346:
11340:
11334:
11311:
11210:
11187:
11064:
11037:
11020:
10910:
10904:
10898:
10892:
10886:
10880:
10874:
10868:
10862:
10856:
10850:
10792:
10710:
10704:
10644:
10585:
10573:
10550:
10469:
10440:
10434:
10365:
10341:
10335:
10276:
10258:
10211:
10205:
10164:
10158:
10152:
10146:
10116:
10110:
10104:
10088:
10076:
10070:
10058:
10052:
10029:
10017:
10005:
9993:
9987:
9981:
9952:
9940:
9916:
9881:
9869:
9863:
9857:
9833:
9827:
9821:
9704:
9677:
9659:
9576:
9553:
9530:
9524:
9512:
9488:
9428:
9416:
9351:
9280:
9252:
9234:
9211:
9187:
9158:
9146:
9140:
9134:
9117:
9093:
9075:
9058:
9034:
8992:
8969:
8963:
8957:
8951:
8945:
8939:
8933:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8903:
8897:
8885:
8813:
8807:
8801:
8795:
8766:
8760:
8748:
8736:
8641:
8635:
8629:
8506:
8485:
8430:
8424:
8418:
8412:
8406:
8388:
8376:
8359:
8353:
8347:
8233:
8227:
8221:
8198:
8192:
8180:
8157:
8151:
8145:
8133:
8127:
8109:
8086:
8074:
8062:
8056:
8009:
8003:
7997:
7938:
7932:
7926:
7920:
7914:
7851:
7845:
7827:
7767:
7720:
7667:
7608:
7602:
7549:
7519:
7507:
7490:
7484:
7472:
7466:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7336:
7330:
7239:
7199:
7132:
7127:
7117:
7102:
7077:
7057:
7052:
7037:
7017:
6991:
6981:
6966:
6879:
6858:
6073:
1807:
577:
554:
447:
412:
372:
364:
144:
13580:
13462:
13438:
13361:
13180:
12957:
12823:
12817:
12811:
12805:
12502:
12455:
12285:
12267:
12134:
12051:
12026:
11997:
11993:
11811:
11635:
11607:
11447:
11441:
11423:
11400:
11364:
11352:
11293:
11234:
11216:
11002:
10996:
10967:
10844:
10780:
10774:
10716:
10603:
10532:
10503:
10463:
10329:
10270:
10264:
10223:
10217:
10199:
10193:
10187:
10122:
10094:
9934:
9928:
9910:
9887:
9851:
9839:
9600:
9582:
9506:
9494:
9482:
9452:
9440:
9434:
9422:
9387:
9381:
9375:
9345:
9304:
9298:
9205:
9181:
9087:
9081:
8879:
8772:
8742:
8659:
8479:
8473:
8467:
8460:
8454:
8448:
8436:
8382:
8174:
8121:
8092:
8068:
8033:
7955:
7886:
7833:
7773:
7738:
7732:
7726:
7684:
7661:
7655:
7531:
7525:
7478:
7460:
7454:
7448:
7431:
7425:
7395:
7389:
7383:
7122:
6976:
6114:
6096:
1719:
1641:
1608:
1540:
1507:
1249:
1203:
1170:
1139:
1117:
1084:
1051:
1020:
998:
965:
932:
891:
854:
821:
424:
376:
5688:
The plural ba- (ŵa-) is often used for politeness when referring to elders:
5518:
string which he'd tied the bag with. They took that bag and gave it to Hare.
13379:
13238:
13033:
12892:
12532:
12526:
12508:
11953:
11246:
11222:
10621:
9612:
9588:
9004:
8998:
8867:
8683:
7880:
7874:
7761:
7137:
7027:
6894:
6725:
no.1, 100-120. (pp. 112–119 deals with tone in Chitumbuka ideophones).
6697:(Citumbuka dictionary). Centre for Language Studies, University of Malawi.
6614:
Downing, Laura J. (2006). "The Prosody and Syntax of Focus in Chitumbuka".
154:
266:
11305:
11275:
9671:
9641:
7643:
7625:
6634:
Selected Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference on African Linguistics
5671:= somewhat more formal than "Hi". Perhaps best translated as "Greetings".
1794:
One of the main differences between Chewa and Tumbuka is that Chewa is a
83:
16:
Niger-Congo language originating in parts of Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania
6170:
University of Malawi (2006) Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi.
5227:
With the present perfect tense, however, a separate form exists, adding
6216:
497:
6905:
6797:
5833:= my elder brother / sister (for addressing a sibling of the same sex)
5825:= my young brother / sister (for addressing a sibling of the same sex)
2358:
Some speakers treat words in this class as if they were in class 5/6.
504:.) There is also hesitation between the spellings 'sk' and 'sy' (both
12538:
1825:
1671:
1482:
907:
275:
259:
241:
6679:
Parlons citumbuka : langue et culture du Malawi et de la Zambie
6599:
Bantu Historical Linguistics: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives
5524:
Tortoise's favour. They cut off Hare's tail and gave it to Tortoise.
2558:
subject prefix, object infix, numbers, adjectives, and possessives:
10955:
10949:
5817:= my brother/ sister (for addressing a sibling of the opposite sex)
438:
336:
224:
41:
4506:
The object-marker can also be a locative (classes 16, 17, or 18):
4322:(class 17) is also used impersonally when discussing the weather:
4280:'hunter' is class 7, so if it is subject, the verb has the prefix
704:. The pronunciation of "sk" and "zg" varies according to dialect.
13003:
11788:
11764:
11758:
11358:
11281:
9845:
9647:
8861:
6721:
Moto, Francis (1999). "The Tonal Phonology of Bantu Ideophones".
6217:"Suggestions for an Amended Spelling and Word Division of Nyanja"
6150:
Michigan State University African Studies Center information page
4439:
902:
576:
Tumbuka consonants are also similar to those of the neighbouring
501:
1886:
precedence in deciding the class of noun. For example, the noun
13536:
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
12583:
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
11088:
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
9728:
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
8530:
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
420:
416:
397:
389:
332:
328:
211:
198:
45:
37:
415:) and the "village" or "deep" Tumbuka spoken in villages. The
363:, and is understood in this case to mean "the language of the
6691:
Kishindo, Pascal J. (ed), Jean J. Chavula and others (2018).
5631:= Fine. And you? (I woke up well. I don't know about you?)
393:
6792:
6630:"On the (Non-)congruence of Focus and Prominence in Tumbuka"
5809:= paternal uncle usually your father's younger/older brother
6595:"Future and distal -ka-'s: Proto-Bantu or nascent form(s)?"
5769:= grandmother, also used when addressing old female persons
4523:
The locative markers for personal pronouns are as follows:
5793:= maternal aunt usually your mother's younger/older sister
6774:. University of Malawi Centre for Language Studies, 2006.
6748:
Vail, Hazen Leroy (1971). "The noun classes of Tumbuka".
6741:
University of Malawi Centre for Language Studies (2006).
5187:
is added at or near the end of the clause. It seems that
5136:
Other future tenses are given by Vail (1972) and others.
6716:"The No-Nonsense Guide to Learning Chitumbuka: Volume 1"
6402:
Chavula (2016), p. 23. But Kishindo et al. (2018), s.v.
2449:
These nouns are frequently abstract and have no plural.
6738:
The Hetherwick Press, Blantyre, Nyasaland (now Malawi).
5280:
Words of Ngoni (Zulu/Ndwandwe) origin found in Tumbuka:
4419:= 'they bought', 'he/she bought' (plural or respectful)
6220:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
620:. In Tumbuka there are no affricates such as Chichewa
580:, but with certain differences. The continuant sounds
6709:"Tense and Aspect in Chichewa, Citumbuka, and Cisena"
6681:, L'Harmattan, Paris, Budapest, Kinshasa, 138 pages.
553:
are found in Tumbuka as in the neighbouring language
6597:. In: Jean-Marie Hombert and Larry M. Hyman (eds.),
6495:
Kiso (2012), pp. 172, 182, 184, quoting Vail (1972).
5175:
To make the negative of a verb in Tumbuka, the word
1902:'these possessions' using the class 1 demonstrative
1824:
A greater variety of tonal patterns is found in the
4658:Compound tenses are also found in Tumbuka, such as
516:('bamboo') are found in the Citumbuka dictionary).
5274:
442:"urinate", which do not occur in other dialects.
314:(+ chi-Kamanga) incl. varieties 99-AUS-wca...-wcl
13578:
6677:Kishindo, Pascal J. et Allan L. Lipenga (2006).
1828:(expressive words) of Tumbuka; for example Low (
367:". Tumbuka belongs to the same language group (
6643:. de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, pp. 365–392.
5655:= Good afternoon. (How did you spend the day?)
1926:Some nouns in this class lack the prefix Mu-:
693:
681:
645:
644:are never nasalised in Tumbuka, so that Chewa
567:Tumbuka greeting "Monile" which means "Hello".
12633:
11138:
9778:
8580:
7287:
6921:
6813:
6743:"Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi"
6692:
6609:"Verbal derivation and valency in Chitumbuka"
6409:
6403:
6244:
6238:
6232:
6058:
6050:
6042:
6034:
6026:
6018:
6010:
6002:
5994:
5986:
5978:
5970:
5962:
5947:
5939:
5931:
5923:
5915:
5907:
5899:
5891:
5883:
5875:
5867:
5859:
5851:
5843:
5828:
5820:
5812:
5804:
5796:
5788:
5780:
5772:
5764:
5756:
5748:
5740:
5732:
5724:
5716:
5708:
5700:
5692:
5674:
5666:
5658:
5650:
5642:
5634:
5626:
5618:
5603:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5496:
5486:
5477:
5470:
5255:
5239:
5212:
5197:
5188:
5182:
5176:
5162:
5156:
5119:
5094:
5073:
5044:
5022:
5000:
4975:
4954:
4923:
4901:
4876:
4854:
4828:
4803:
4781:
4752:
4730:
4705:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4650:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4590:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4539:
4527:
4510:
4490:
4478:
4430:
4424:
4423:In the perfect tense, these are shortened to
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4342:
4326:
4305:
4288:
4275:
4010:
3988:
3981:
3969:
3959:
3942:
3920:
3913:
3901:
3891:
3874:
3852:
3845:
3833:
3823:
3806:
3784:
3777:
3765:
3755:
3738:
3716:
3709:
3696:
3686:
3669:
3647:
3640:
3628:
3618:
3601:
3579:
3572:
3560:
3550:
3532:
3510:
3503:
3491:
3470:
3448:
3441:
3429:
3419:
3402:
3380:
3373:
3361:
3351:
3334:
3312:
3305:
3293:
3283:
3266:
3244:
3237:
3225:
3215:
3198:
3176:
3169:
3157:
3147:
3130:
3108:
3101:
3089:
3079:
3062:
3040:
3033:
3021:
3011:
2994:
2972:
2965:
2953:
2943:
2926:
2903:
2896:
2884:
2874:
2857:
2835:
2828:
2816:
2806:
2789:
2767:
2760:
2748:
2738:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2624:
2608:
2596:
2585:
2573:
2562:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2512:
2504:
2489:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2435:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2407:
2399:
2393:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2316:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2288:
2282:
2267:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2211:
2205:
2190:
2184:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2063:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2000:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1964:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1930:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1887:
1859:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1815:
1777:
699:
687:
667:
661:
651:
511:
505:
491:
485:
471:
465:
459:
432:
346:
340:
6661:Introductory Grammar of the Tumbuka Language
4519:= 'Kondwani has climbed on top of the house'
13560:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
13555:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
13550:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
13545:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
13540:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
12607:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
12602:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
12597:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
12592:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
12587:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
11112:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
11107:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
11102:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
11097:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
11092:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
9752:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
9747:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
9742:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
9737:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
9732:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
8554:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
8549:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
8544:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
8539:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
8534:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
6772:Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi
5822:Muchoko wane / muzuna wane/ munung'una wane
5058:‘he/she will be going' (tomorrow or later)
2522:Classes 16, 17, 18 (Pa-, Ku-, Mu-) Locative
1914:'chief' (class 9) irregularly has a plural
1834:'disintegrating into small pieces'), High (
12640:
12626:
11145:
11131:
9785:
9771:
8587:
8573:
7294:
7280:
6928:
6914:
6820:
6806:
6648:"Tumbuka prosody: Between tone and stress"
6145:
6143:
4587:= 'he has seen you' (plural or respectful)
4025:
1846:'sound of thing bursting'), and Low-High (
6723:Malilime: Malawian Journal of Linguistics
6513:Kiso (2012), p. 183, quoting Vail (1972).
6486:Kiso (2012), p. 184, quoting Vail (1972).
6468:Kiso (2012), p. 171, quoting Vail (1972).
6084:
5489:Ŵakatola thumba lira ndipo ŵakapa kalulu.
1892:'possessions', despite having the prefix
5623:= Good morning. (How did you wake up?)
5347:
4499:= 'Changa carried the luggage' (class 1)
559:
423:dialect has been strongly influenced by
6935:
6827:
6140:
6111:( human rights activist and politician)
1896:, is placed in class 1, since one says
660:is found only in foreign words such as
13579:
6767:Very brief report on Tumbuka language.
6128:
1840:'swooping low (of birds)'), High-Low (
437:
13612:Non-tonal languages in tonal families
12621:
11126:
9766:
8568:
7275:
7254:
6909:
6801:
6711:. Ph.D. Thesis. Stockholm University.
5033:‘he/she will go’ (tomorrow or later)
4487:= 'Pokani has bought a car' (class 9)
4407:= 'you bought' (plural or respectful)
4314:= 'on the mat there sat down a child'
719:
6641:Intonation in African Tone Languages
6611:. Leiden University doctoral thesis.
4458:, except in the perfect tense, when
4442:dialect, in the 3rd person singular
6654:, 75-94. Also available online at:
4766:‘he/she goes’ (some speakers only)
4426:n-a-, w-a-, w-a-, t-a-, mw-a-, ŵ-a-
4371:= 'you bought' (informal, singular)
4202:I've just started learning Tumbuka
4079:How are you?, to a group of people
496:(Bible) 'food'. (In fact and are
427:(chiNgoni), even so far as to have
13:
13518:Languages between parentheses are
12565:Languages between parentheses are
11070:Languages between parentheses are
9710:Languages between parentheses are
8512:Languages between parentheses are
6188:University of Malawi (2006), p.27.
5533:
5528:
5193:is preferred by younger speakers:
14:
13628:
6760:
6694:Mung'anamulira mazgo wa Citumbuka
6672:Nordic Journal of African Studies
5806:Badada(ŵadhadha) bachoko / bakulu
5170:
5108:‘so that he can buy (elsewhere)'
4269:
4218:May I please go to the bathroom?
4199:Nayambapo kusambilila ChiTumbuka
1864:'are you also weeding the maize?'
6793:Citumbuka monolingual dictionary
6783:Some more chiTumbuka vocabulary.
6736:Tumbuka–Tonga–English Dictionary
6607:Chavula, Jean Josephine (2016).
5790:ŵa/Bamama ŵa/bachoko / ŵa/bakulu
4469:
217:
204:
191:
158:
6788:PanAfrican L10n page on Tumbuka
6778:Language Map of Northern Malawi
6650:. In: Emily Clem et al (eds).
6586:
6570:
6561:
6552:
6543:
6534:
6525:
6516:
6507:
6498:
6489:
6480:
6471:
6462:
6453:
6444:
6435:
6426:
6417:
6396:
6387:
6378:
6369:
6360:
6351:
6342:
6333:
6324:
6315:
6306:
6297:
6288:
6279:
6270:
6261:
6252:
6225:
6136:New Updated Guthrie List Online
5589:Ine nkhuyowoya chiTumbuka yayi!
1880:
1770:
676:sometimes corresponds to Chewa
13522:of the language on their left.
12569:of the language on their left.
11074:of the language on their left.
9714:of the language on their left.
8516:of the language on their left.
6659:Elmslie, Walter Angus (1923):
6209:
6200:
6191:
6182:
6173:
6164:
6155:
5660:Natandala makola. Kwali imwe?
5608:= I would like water to drink.
5584:= could you give me some food?
5275:The Ngoni influence on Tumbuka
5011:‘he/she will buy’ (elsewhere)
4937:‘he/she was going/used to go'
1852:'sudden disappearance'), etc.
453:
1:
6666:Kamwendo, Gregory H. (2004).
6663:. Livingstonia Mission Press.
6121:
4191:Mukumanya kuyowoya Chizungu?
4159:Goodbye/go well/safe travels
4151:Goodbye/go well/safe travels
2005:(no pl.) = goods, possessions
571:
6540:See Kiso (2012) pp. 182–188.
5612:
5592:= I do not speak chiTumbuka!
5207:'he is not writing a letter'
5139:In the 1st person singular,
4964:'he will go' (now or today)
4297:= 'the hunter killed a lion'
4242:Sorry (to agroup of people)
4161:(said to a group of people)
4057:hello, to a group of people
715:Table of Tumbuka consonants
519:
7:
6067:
5628:Tawuka makola. Kwali imwe?
5223:'we will not work tomorrow'
4890:‘he/she was going' (today)
4797:Present perfect continuous
2552:
10:
13633:
6752:, v. 30, 1, p. 35-59.
6714:McNicholl, Duncan (2010).
6646:Downing, Laura J. (2019).
6628:Downing, Laura J. (2012).
6549:Kiso (2012), pp. 163, 173.
6477:Kiso (2012), pp. 171, 178.
6432:Chavula (2016), pp. 51–64.
6423:McNicholl (2010), pp. 7–8.
6267:Chavula (2016), pp. 11–13.
5956:
5837:
5497:
5487:
5478:
5472:KALULU NA FULU (Citumbuka)
5471:
4215:Chonde, ningaluta kubafa?
2693:Table of Tumbuka concords
464:), in which words such as
13504:
13471:
13430:
13347:
13270:
13253:
13200:
13193:
13172:
13143:
13048:
12995:
12988:
12925:
12884:
12843:
12836:
12779:
12750:
12727:
12668:
12661:
12551:
12488:
12423:
12388:
12359:
12294:
12247:
12240:
12195:
12160:
12143:
12084:
12018:
11979:
11972:
11933:
11820:
11803:
11738:
11731:
11686:
11551:
11474:
11409:
11326:
11267:
11202:
11173:
11166:
11056:
11029:
10982:
10941:
10830:
10823:
10760:
10737:
10636:
10559:
10518:
10495:
10488:
10449:
10408:
10385:
10378:
10285:
10232:
10173:
10038:
9961:
9896:
9813:
9806:
9696:
9633:
9568:
9539:
9408:
9313:
9272:
9265:
9220:
9167:
9126:
9067:
8978:
8787:
8728:
8615:
8608:
8498:
8368:
8255:
8213:
8166:
8101:
8048:
7947:
7906:
7899:
7860:
7747:
7676:
7617:
7576:
7499:
7440:
7375:
7322:
7315:
7269:
7162:
7146:
7010:
6959:
6943:
6867:
6851:
6835:
6623:ZAS Papers in Linguistics
6616:ZAS Papers in Linguistics
6504:Kiso (2012), pp. 163–192.
6450:Chavula (2016), pp. 53–4.
5830:Mukuru wane / mulala wane
5683:
5647:= I am fine, how are you?
5576:= I want some food !
5509:THE TORTOISE AND THE HARE
5038:Remote future continuous
4640:'the rock has fallen' or
4603:
2499:Class 15 (Ku-) Infinitive
1820:'we are cooking porridge'
1670:
1481:
901:
800:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
524:
305:
289:
273:
257:
239:
234:
178:
173:
141:
61:
51:
33:
26:
21:
6303:Moto (1999), pp.112-120.
6222:, Vol. 20, No. 3, p.205.
6134:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
5734:Banchembere (ŵancembele)
5644:Nili makola, kwali imwe?
4817:‘he/she has been going'
4450:, and the 3rd plural is
4334:= 'it's cold these days'
4264:
1875:
6693:
6577:Language Mapping Survey
6531:McNicholl (2010), p. 8.
6410:
6404:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6197:Kamwendo (2004), p.278.
6179:Kamwendo (2004), p.282.
6059:
6051:
6043:
6035:
6027:
6019:
6011:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5979:
5971:
5963:
5948:
5940:
5932:
5924:
5916:
5908:
5900:
5892:
5884:
5876:
5868:
5860:
5852:
5844:
5829:
5821:
5813:
5805:
5797:
5789:
5781:
5773:
5765:
5757:
5749:
5741:
5733:
5725:
5718:Basungwana (ŵasungwana)
5717:
5709:
5701:
5693:
5675:
5667:
5659:
5651:
5643:
5635:
5627:
5619:
5604:
5596:
5588:
5580:
5572:
5564:
5556:
5548:
5540:
5270:'no, I haven't met him'
5256:
5240:
5213:
5198:
5189:
5183:
5177:
5163:
5157:
5120:
5095:
5074:
5045:
5023:
5001:
4989:'he will certainly go'
4976:
4955:
4924:
4917:Remote past continuous
4902:
4877:
4870:Recent past continuous
4855:
4829:
4804:
4782:
4753:
4741:‘he/she goes/is going’
4731:
4706:
4672:
4670:'he had just left' and
4666:
4660:
4655:'I will go and visit'.
4651:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4624:
4618:
4591:
4576:
4564:
4560:= 'he has seen him/her'
4552:
4540:
4528:
4511:
4491:
4479:
4431:
4425:
4411:
4399:
4387:
4375:
4363:
4343:
4327:
4306:
4289:
4276:
4194:Can you speak English?
4116:Ndiwe njani zina lako?
4026:Sample phrases and text
4011:
3989:
3982:
3970:
3960:
3943:
3921:
3914:
3902:
3892:
3875:
3853:
3846:
3834:
3824:
3807:
3785:
3778:
3766:
3756:
3739:
3717:
3710:
3697:
3687:
3670:
3648:
3641:
3629:
3619:
3602:
3580:
3573:
3561:
3551:
3533:
3511:
3504:
3492:
3471:
3449:
3442:
3430:
3420:
3403:
3381:
3374:
3362:
3352:
3335:
3313:
3306:
3294:
3284:
3267:
3245:
3238:
3226:
3216:
3199:
3177:
3170:
3158:
3148:
3131:
3109:
3102:
3090:
3080:
3063:
3041:
3034:
3022:
3012:
2995:
2973:
2966:
2954:
2944:
2927:
2904:
2897:
2885:
2875:
2858:
2836:
2829:
2817:
2807:
2790:
2768:
2761:
2749:
2739:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2625:
2609:
2597:
2586:
2574:
2563:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2513:
2505:
2490:
2484:
2476:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2436:
2428:
2422:
2414:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2345:
2339:
2331:
2325:
2317:
2311:
2303:
2297:
2289:
2283:
2268:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2206:
2191:
2185:
2177:
2171:
2163:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2127:
2121:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1965:
1959:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1888:
1860:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1816:
1789:
1778:
700:
688:
668:
662:
652:
512:
506:
492:
486:
472:
466:
460:
433:
347:
341:
13529:Guthrie classification
12654:Guthrie classification
12576:Guthrie classification
11159:Guthrie classification
11081:Guthrie classification
9799:Guthrie classification
9721:Guthrie classification
8601:Guthrie classification
8523:Guthrie classification
7308:Guthrie classification
7262:Guthrie classification
6593:Botne, Robert (1999).
6441:Chavula (2016), p. 56.
6393:Chavula (2016), p. 24.
6384:Chavula (2016), p. 23.
6375:Chavula (2016), p. 42.
6366:Chavula (2016), p. 22.
6321:Downing (2012), p.129.
6294:Downing (2012), p.123.
6276:Vail (1972), pp. 4–19.
6117:(member of parliament)
6085:Notable Tumbuka People
5814:Mudumbu(mudhumbu) wane
5679:= We shall meet again.
5605:Nkukhumba maji yakumwa
5297:Tumbuka-Ngoni dialect
5161:'I am going', 'I go',
4865:‘he/she went’ (today)
4223:Nakutemwa/Nkhukutemwa
4207:Mukung'anamula vichi?
2103:= government, district
1955:= foreigner, white man
694:
686:'to be ill' = Tumbuka
682:
646:
568:
339:. It is also known as
7154:Zambian Sign Language
6734:Turner, W.M. (1952).
6707:Kiso, Andrea (2012).
6312:Downing (2008), p.55.
6285:Downing (2008, 2012).
6161:Kiso (2012), pp.21ff.
5798:Basibweni (ŵasibweni)
5737:= a woman with babies
5702:Banyamata (ŵanyamata)
5581:Munganipako chakurya?
5348:An example of Tumbuka
5250:'yes, I have met him'
4676:'he will have sold'.
4331:kuzizima madazi ghano
2440:(no singular) = sleep
2153:(no singular) = water
566:
448:Hastings Kamuzu Banda
57:7 million (2022)
7011:Indigenous languages
6567:Kiso (2012), p. 191.
6558:Kiso (2012), p. 190.
6459:Kiso (2012), p. 176.
6093:(Christian preacher)
5928:= to dig / cultivate
5573:Nkhukhumba chakurya!
5214:tizamugwira ntchito
5067:Present subjunctive
4680:Some Tumbuka tenses
4673:wazamukuŵa waguliska
4667:wakaŵa kuti wafumapo
4599:= 'he has seen them'
4446:is found instead of
4318:The locative prefix
4124:Zina lane ndine....
2685:= the child has seen
2517:= to steal, stealing
2388:Class 12/13 (Ka-Tu-)
2114:mabotolo (mabhotolo)
1861:ku-limirâ-so ngô:mâ?
680:, for example Chewa
13602:Languages of Zambia
13597:Languages of Malawi
12742:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
7163:Immigrant languages
6937:Languages of Zambia
6829:Languages of Malawi
6215:Atkins, Guy (1950)
5845:Kusebela (Kuseŵera)
5782:Bankhazi (ŵankhazi)
5774:Basekulu (ŵasekulu)
5088:Distal subjunctive
4895:Remote past simple
4848:Recent past simple
4699:Present infinitive
4681:
4548:= 'he has seen you'
4119:What is your name?
4034:
2694:
2637:= the child saw him
2277:Class 9/10 (Yi-Zi-)
716:
698:'to eat' = Tumbuka
672:('sugar'). Tumbuka
650:('fish') = Tumbuka
355:prefix in front of
327:which is spoken in
180:Recognised minority
13374:(Northern) Ndebele
6960:Regional languages
6868:Regional languages
6852:National languages
6836:Official languages
6258:Vail (1972), p. 1.
5353:Months in Tumbuka:
4839:‘he/she has gone’
4792:‘he/she has gone’
4679:
4628:'I am sitting' or
4572:= 'he has seen us'
4536:= 'he has seen me'
4435:'we have bought'.
4383:= 'he, she bought'
4210:What do you mean?
4135:What is the time?
4103:Thank you (a lot)
4033:
2692:
2540:= in front, before
2537:Kunthazi (kuntazi)
2445:Class 14/6 (U-Ma-)
2249:Cidakwa (chidakwa)
2200:Class 7/8 (Ci-Vi-)
2181:= problem, trouble
2073:Class 5/6 (Li-Ma-)
2010:Class 3/4 (Mu-Mi-)
1922:Class 1/2 (Mu-Ŵa-)
714:
569:
361:"in the manner of"
13574:
13573:
13568:
13567:
13513:extinct languages
13500:
13499:
13189:
13188:
13158:North-West Herero
12984:
12983:
12832:
12831:
12615:
12614:
12560:extinct languages
12547:
12546:
12236:
12235:
11968:
11967:
11960:Totela of Namibia
11727:
11726:
11120:
11119:
11065:extinct languages
11052:
11051:
10819:
10818:
10484:
10483:
10374:
10373:
9760:
9759:
9705:extinct languages
9692:
9691:
9261:
9260:
8562:
8561:
8507:extinct languages
8494:
8493:
7895:
7894:
7248:
7247:
6944:Official language
6903:
6902:
6703:978-99960-9-610-5
6103:Briddget Kumwenda
6079:Tumbuka mythology
5726:Bamwali (ŵamwali)
5568:= We are thankful
5463:
5462:
5345:
5344:
5199:wakulemba kalata
5147:are shortened to
5134:
5133:
4746:Present habitual
4646:'he (has) died'.
4294:-ka-koma nkhalamu
4262:
4261:
4100:Naonga (chomene)
4023:
4022:
2649:= the small child
2605:= the whole child
1952:ŵazungu (bazungu)
1817:ti-ku-phika sî:ma
1776:Only in the word
1766:
1765:
1590:
1489:
1374:
1262:
1152:
1033:
914:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
564:
384:The World Almanac
318:
317:
13624:
13587:Tumbuka language
13422:Sumayela Ndebele
13198:
13197:
13135:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
12993:
12992:
12841:
12840:
12666:
12665:
12652:(Zones N–S) (by
12642:
12635:
12628:
12619:
12618:
12245:
12244:
11977:
11976:
11736:
11735:
11171:
11170:
11157:(Zones J–M) (by
11147:
11140:
11133:
11124:
11123:
10828:
10827:
10493:
10492:
10383:
10382:
9811:
9810:
9797:(Zones E–H) (by
9787:
9780:
9773:
9764:
9763:
9270:
9269:
8613:
8612:
8599:(Zones C–D) (by
8589:
8582:
8575:
8566:
8565:
7904:
7903:
7320:
7319:
7306:(Zones A–B) (by
7296:
7289:
7282:
7273:
7272:
7260:(Zones A–S) (by
7252:
7251:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6907:
6906:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6799:
6798:
6696:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6565:
6559:
6556:
6550:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6532:
6529:
6523:
6520:
6514:
6511:
6505:
6502:
6496:
6493:
6487:
6484:
6478:
6475:
6469:
6466:
6460:
6457:
6451:
6448:
6442:
6439:
6433:
6430:
6424:
6421:
6415:
6413:
6407:
6400:
6394:
6391:
6385:
6382:
6376:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6358:
6355:
6349:
6346:
6340:
6337:
6331:
6330:Shiozaki (2004).
6328:
6322:
6319:
6313:
6310:
6304:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6286:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6268:
6265:
6259:
6256:
6250:
6248:
6242:
6236:
6229:
6223:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6198:
6195:
6189:
6186:
6180:
6177:
6171:
6168:
6162:
6159:
6153:
6147:
6138:
6132:
6109:Chakufwa Chihana
6105:(netball player)
6099:(netball player)
6062:
6054:
6046:
6038:
6030:
6022:
6014:
6006:
5998:
5990:
5982:
5974:
5966:
5951:
5943:
5935:
5927:
5919:
5911:
5903:
5895:
5887:
5879:
5871:
5863:
5855:
5847:
5832:
5824:
5816:
5808:
5801:= maternal uncle
5800:
5792:
5784:
5776:
5768:
5766:Babuya (ŵabhuya)
5760:
5752:
5750:Badada(ŵadhadha)
5744:
5736:
5728:
5720:
5712:
5704:
5696:
5678:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5622:
5607:
5599:
5591:
5583:
5575:
5567:
5559:
5551:
5543:
5501:
5500:
5491:
5490:
5481:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5357:
5356:
5288:
5287:
5267:
5247:
5220:
5204:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5167:'I used to go'.
5166:
5160:
5127:
5105:
5080:
5055:
5030:
5008:
4986:
4969:Emphatic future
4961:
4934:
4909:
4887:
4862:
4836:
4814:
4789:
4775:Present perfect
4763:
4738:
4712:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4669:
4664:'he had slept',
4663:
4654:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4598:
4586:
4571:
4559:
4547:
4535:
4518:
4516:)kwera pa nyumba
4498:
4496:)nyamula katundu
4486:
4434:
4428:
4418:
4406:
4394:
4382:
4370:
4350:
4333:
4313:
4296:
4279:
4143:Can I help you?
4132:Nyengo ili uli?
4035:
4032:
4014:
3992:
3985:
3973:
3963:
3946:
3924:
3917:
3905:
3895:
3878:
3856:
3849:
3837:
3827:
3810:
3788:
3781:
3769:
3759:
3742:
3720:
3713:
3700:
3690:
3673:
3651:
3644:
3632:
3622:
3605:
3583:
3576:
3564:
3554:
3536:
3514:
3507:
3495:
3474:
3452:
3445:
3433:
3423:
3406:
3384:
3377:
3365:
3355:
3338:
3316:
3309:
3297:
3287:
3270:
3248:
3241:
3229:
3219:
3202:
3180:
3173:
3161:
3151:
3134:
3112:
3105:
3093:
3083:
3066:
3044:
3037:
3025:
3015:
2998:
2976:
2969:
2957:
2947:
2930:
2907:
2900:
2888:
2878:
2861:
2839:
2832:
2820:
2810:
2793:
2771:
2764:
2752:
2742:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2672:
2661:= Khumbo's child
2660:
2648:
2636:
2620:
2604:
2592:
2581:
2569:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2516:
2509:= to buy, buying
2508:
2493:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2439:
2431:
2425:
2417:
2411:
2403:
2397:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2348:
2342:
2334:
2328:
2320:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2263:Cikoti (chikoti)
2257:
2251:
2243:
2237:
2235:Ciŵeto (chibeto)
2229:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2194:
2188:
2180:
2174:
2166:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2130:
2124:
2116:
2110:
2108:Botolo (bhotolo)
2102:
2100:maboma (mabhoma)
2096:
2088:
2086:mabele (mabhele)
2082:
2067:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2004:
1997:= maternal uncle
1996:
1990:
1982:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1954:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1891:
1863:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1819:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1758:
1745:
1734:
1723:
1712:
1699:
1688:
1656:
1645:
1634:
1623:
1612:
1601:
1588:
1583:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1511:
1500:
1487:
1475:
1464:
1451:
1440:
1429:
1418:
1407:
1396:
1385:
1370:
1363:
1352:
1339:
1328:
1317:
1306:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1260:
1253:
1242:
1229:
1218:
1207:
1196:
1185:
1174:
1163:
1150:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1066:
1055:
1044:
1031:
1024:
1013:
1002:
991:
980:
969:
958:
947:
936:
925:
912:
895:
884:
869:
858:
847:
836:
825:
814:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
717:
713:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
675:
671:
665:
659:
655:
649:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
565:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:The same vowels
515:
509:
495:
490:(Dictionary) or
489:
475:
469:
463:
441:
439:[ʇʰitʰa]
436:
350:
344:
301:
295:
285:
269:
262:
253:
252:
244:
223:
221:
220:
210:
208:
207:
197:
195:
194:
182:language in
165:Mwangwego script
147:
99:Southern Bantoid
67:
19:
18:
13632:
13631:
13627:
13626:
13625:
13623:
13622:
13621:
13617:Click languages
13592:Nyasa languages
13577:
13576:
13575:
13570:
13569:
13564:
13496:
13467:
13426:
13343:
13266:
13249:
13185:
13168:
13164:Botswana Herero
13139:
13044:
12980:
12970:Lomwe of Malawi
12921:
12880:
12828:
12775:
12746:
12723:
12719:Ngoni of Malawi
12657:
12650:Bantu languages
12646:
12616:
12611:
12543:
12484:
12419:
12384:
12355:
12290:
12232:
12191:
12156:
12139:
12080:
12014:
11964:
11929:
11816:
11799:
11723:
11682:
11547:
11470:
11405:
11322:
11263:
11198:
11162:
11155:Bantu languages
11151:
11121:
11116:
11048:
11025:
10978:
10937:
10911:Southeast Kongo
10815:
10756:
10733:
10723:Socotra Swahili
10632:
10555:
10514:
10480:
10445:
10404:
10370:
10281:
10228:
10218:Mwimbi-Muthambi
10169:
10034:
9957:
9892:
9802:
9795:Bantu languages
9791:
9761:
9756:
9688:
9629:
9564:
9535:
9404:
9309:
9257:
9216:
9163:
9141:Northwest Mongo
9135:Northeast Mongo
9122:
9063:
8974:
8783:
8724:
8604:
8597:Bantu languages
8593:
8563:
8558:
8490:
8364:
8251:
8209:
8162:
8097:
8044:
7943:
7891:
7856:
7743:
7739:South-West Fang
7672:
7613:
7572:
7495:
7436:
7371:
7311:
7304:Bantu languages
7300:
7265:
7258:Bantu languages
7249:
7244:
7158:
7142:
7006:
6955:
6939:
6934:
6904:
6899:
6863:
6847:
6831:
6826:
6763:
6758:
6750:African studies
6674:13(3): 275–288.
6589:
6584:
6583:
6575:
6571:
6566:
6562:
6557:
6553:
6548:
6544:
6539:
6535:
6530:
6526:
6521:
6517:
6512:
6508:
6503:
6499:
6494:
6490:
6485:
6481:
6476:
6472:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6454:
6449:
6445:
6440:
6436:
6431:
6427:
6422:
6418:
6401:
6397:
6392:
6388:
6383:
6379:
6374:
6370:
6365:
6361:
6356:
6352:
6348:Shiozaki (2004)
6347:
6343:
6338:
6334:
6329:
6325:
6320:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6302:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6284:
6280:
6275:
6271:
6266:
6262:
6257:
6253:
6230:
6226:
6214:
6210:
6205:
6201:
6196:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6178:
6174:
6169:
6165:
6160:
6156:
6148:
6141:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6091:Sheperd Bushiri
6087:
6070:
6028:Chona/pusi/kiti
6020:Nchebe (Ncheŵe)
5959:
5904:= to do laundry
5840:
5785:= paternal aunt
5758:Bagogo (ŵagogo)
5742:Bamama (ŵamama)
5686:
5652:Mwatandala uli?
5615:
5536:
5534:Helpful phrases
5531:
5529:Some vocabulary
5350:
5277:
5173:
4822:Remote perfect
4724:Present simple
4606:
4472:
4311:-ka-khala mwana
4272:
4267:
4127:My name is....
4111:Thanks (a lot)
4108:Yewo (chomene)
4028:
2555:
2415:tuŵana (tubana)
2290:mbale (mambale)
2241:viŵeto (vibeto)
2230:= country, land
2131:= tribe, nation
1938:ŵanthu (banthu)
1883:
1878:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1775:
1771:
1751:
1738:
1727:
1716:
1705:
1692:
1681:
1649:
1638:
1627:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1576:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1504:
1493:
1468:
1457:
1444:
1433:
1422:
1411:
1400:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1356:
1345:
1332:
1321:
1310:
1299:
1288:
1277:
1266:
1246:
1235:
1222:
1211:
1200:
1189:
1178:
1167:
1156:
1136:
1125:
1114:
1103:
1092:
1081:
1070:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1017:
1006:
995:
984:
973:
962:
951:
940:
929:
918:
906:
888:
877:
862:
851:
840:
829:
818:
807:
574:
560:
527:
522:
456:
299:
296:
291:
281:
265:
258:
248:
247:
240:
230:
229:
218:
216:
205:
203:
192:
190:
183:
181:
174:Official status
169:
148:
143:
137:
68:
65:Language family
63:
54:
53:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
13630:
13620:
13619:
13614:
13609:
13607:Tumbuka people
13604:
13599:
13594:
13589:
13572:
13571:
13566:
13565:
13563:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13542:
13537:
13533:
13532:
13524:
13523:
13516:
13505:
13502:
13501:
13498:
13497:
13495:
13494:
13488:
13482:
13475:
13473:
13469:
13468:
13466:
13465:
13459:
13453:
13447:
13441:
13434:
13432:
13428:
13427:
13425:
13424:
13418:
13412:
13406:
13400:
13394:
13388:
13382:
13376:
13370:
13364:
13358:
13351:
13349:
13345:
13344:
13342:
13341:
13335:
13329:
13323:
13317:
13311:
13305:
13299:
13293:
13287:
13281:
13274:
13272:
13268:
13267:
13265:
13264:
13257:
13255:
13251:
13250:
13248:
13247:
13241:
13235:
13229:
13223:
13217:
13211:
13204:
13202:
13195:
13191:
13190:
13187:
13186:
13184:
13183:
13176:
13174:
13170:
13169:
13167:
13166:
13160:
13154:
13147:
13145:
13141:
13140:
13138:
13137:
13131:
13125:
13119:
13113:
13107:
13101:
13095:
13089:
13083:
13077:
13071:
13065:
13059:
13052:
13050:
13046:
13045:
13043:
13042:
13036:
13030:
13024:
13018:
13012:
13006:
12999:
12997:
12990:
12986:
12985:
12982:
12981:
12979:
12978:
12972:
12966:
12960:
12954:
12948:
12942:
12936:
12929:
12927:
12923:
12922:
12920:
12919:
12913:
12907:
12901:
12895:
12888:
12886:
12882:
12881:
12879:
12878:
12872:
12866:
12860:
12854:
12847:
12845:
12838:
12834:
12833:
12830:
12829:
12827:
12826:
12820:
12814:
12808:
12802:
12796:
12790:
12783:
12781:
12777:
12776:
12774:
12773:
12767:
12761:
12754:
12752:
12748:
12747:
12745:
12744:
12738:
12731:
12729:
12725:
12724:
12722:
12721:
12715:
12709:
12703:
12697:
12691:
12685:
12679:
12672:
12670:
12663:
12659:
12658:
12645:
12644:
12637:
12630:
12622:
12613:
12612:
12610:
12609:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12580:
12579:
12571:
12570:
12563:
12552:
12549:
12548:
12545:
12544:
12542:
12541:
12535:
12529:
12523:
12517:
12511:
12505:
12499:
12492:
12490:
12486:
12485:
12483:
12482:
12476:
12470:
12464:
12458:
12452:
12446:
12440:
12434:
12427:
12425:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12417:
12411:
12405:
12399:
12392:
12390:
12386:
12385:
12383:
12382:
12376:
12370:
12363:
12361:
12357:
12356:
12354:
12353:
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12341:
12335:
12329:
12323:
12317:
12311:
12305:
12298:
12296:
12292:
12291:
12289:
12288:
12282:
12276:
12270:
12264:
12258:
12251:
12249:
12242:
12238:
12237:
12234:
12233:
12231:
12230:
12224:
12218:
12212:
12206:
12199:
12197:
12193:
12192:
12190:
12189:
12183:
12177:
12171:
12164:
12162:
12158:
12157:
12155:
12154:
12147:
12145:
12141:
12140:
12138:
12137:
12131:
12125:
12119:
12113:
12107:
12101:
12095:
12088:
12086:
12082:
12081:
12079:
12078:
12072:
12066:
12060:
12054:
12048:
12042:
12041:
12040:
12029:
12022:
12020:
12016:
12015:
12013:
12012:
12006:
12000:
11990:
11983:
11981:
11974:
11970:
11969:
11966:
11965:
11963:
11962:
11956:
11950:
11944:
11937:
11935:
11931:
11930:
11928:
11927:
11921:
11915:
11909:
11903:
11897:
11891:
11885:
11879:
11873:
11867:
11861:
11855:
11849:
11843:
11837:
11831:
11824:
11822:
11818:
11817:
11815:
11814:
11807:
11805:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11797:
11791:
11785:
11779:
11773:
11767:
11761:
11755:
11749:
11742:
11740:
11733:
11729:
11728:
11725:
11724:
11722:
11721:
11715:
11709:
11703:
11697:
11690:
11688:
11684:
11683:
11681:
11680:
11674:
11668:
11662:
11656:
11650:
11644:
11638:
11632:
11626:
11620:
11614:
11604:
11598:
11592:
11586:
11580:
11574:
11568:
11562:
11555:
11553:
11549:
11548:
11546:
11545:
11539:
11533:
11527:
11521:
11515:
11509:
11503:
11497:
11491:
11485:
11478:
11476:
11472:
11471:
11469:
11468:
11462:
11456:
11450:
11444:
11438:
11432:
11426:
11420:
11413:
11411:
11407:
11406:
11404:
11403:
11397:
11391:
11385:
11379:
11373:
11367:
11361:
11355:
11349:
11343:
11337:
11330:
11328:
11324:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11314:
11308:
11302:
11296:
11290:
11284:
11278:
11271:
11269:
11265:
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11262:
11261:
11255:
11249:
11243:
11237:
11231:
11225:
11219:
11213:
11206:
11204:
11200:
11199:
11197:
11196:
11190:
11184:
11177:
11175:
11168:
11164:
11163:
11150:
11149:
11142:
11135:
11127:
11118:
11117:
11115:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11085:
11084:
11076:
11075:
11068:
11057:
11054:
11053:
11050:
11049:
11047:
11046:
11040:
11033:
11031:
11027:
11026:
11024:
11023:
11017:
11011:
11005:
10999:
10993:
10986:
10984:
10980:
10979:
10977:
10976:
10970:
10964:
10958:
10952:
10945:
10943:
10939:
10938:
10936:
10935:
10929:
10919:
10913:
10907:
10901:
10895:
10889:
10883:
10877:
10871:
10865:
10859:
10853:
10847:
10841:
10834:
10832:
10825:
10821:
10820:
10817:
10816:
10814:
10813:
10807:
10801:
10795:
10789:
10783:
10777:
10771:
10764:
10762:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10754:
10748:
10741:
10739:
10735:
10734:
10732:
10731:
10725:
10719:
10713:
10707:
10701:
10695:
10689:
10683:
10677:
10671:
10665:
10659:
10653:
10647:
10640:
10638:
10634:
10633:
10631:
10630:
10624:
10618:
10612:
10606:
10600:
10594:
10588:
10582:
10576:
10570:
10563:
10561:
10557:
10556:
10554:
10553:
10547:
10541:
10535:
10529:
10522:
10520:
10516:
10515:
10513:
10512:
10506:
10499:
10497:
10490:
10486:
10485:
10482:
10481:
10479:
10478:
10472:
10466:
10460:
10453:
10451:
10447:
10446:
10444:
10443:
10437:
10431:
10425:
10419:
10412:
10410:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10402:
10396:
10389:
10387:
10380:
10376:
10375:
10372:
10371:
10369:
10368:
10362:
10356:
10350:
10344:
10338:
10332:
10326:
10320:
10314:
10308:
10302:
10296:
10289:
10287:
10283:
10282:
10280:
10279:
10273:
10267:
10261:
10255:
10249:
10243:
10236:
10234:
10230:
10229:
10227:
10226:
10220:
10214:
10208:
10202:
10196:
10190:
10184:
10177:
10175:
10171:
10170:
10168:
10167:
10161:
10155:
10149:
10143:
10137:
10131:
10125:
10119:
10113:
10107:
10101:
10091:
10085:
10079:
10073:
10067:
10061:
10055:
10049:
10042:
10040:
10036:
10035:
10033:
10032:
10026:
10020:
10014:
10008:
10002:
9996:
9990:
9984:
9978:
9972:
9965:
9963:
9959:
9958:
9956:
9955:
9949:
9943:
9937:
9931:
9925:
9919:
9913:
9907:
9900:
9898:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9890:
9884:
9878:
9872:
9866:
9860:
9854:
9848:
9842:
9836:
9830:
9824:
9817:
9815:
9808:
9804:
9803:
9790:
9789:
9782:
9775:
9767:
9758:
9757:
9755:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9725:
9724:
9716:
9715:
9708:
9697:
9694:
9693:
9690:
9689:
9687:
9686:
9680:
9674:
9668:
9662:
9656:
9650:
9644:
9637:
9635:
9631:
9630:
9628:
9627:
9621:
9615:
9609:
9603:
9597:
9591:
9585:
9579:
9572:
9570:
9566:
9565:
9563:
9562:
9556:
9550:
9543:
9541:
9537:
9536:
9534:
9533:
9527:
9521:
9515:
9509:
9503:
9497:
9491:
9485:
9479:
9473:
9467:
9461:
9455:
9449:
9443:
9437:
9431:
9425:
9419:
9412:
9410:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9402:
9396:
9390:
9384:
9378:
9372:
9366:
9360:
9354:
9348:
9342:
9336:
9330:
9324:
9317:
9315:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9307:
9301:
9295:
9289:
9283:
9276:
9274:
9267:
9263:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9256:
9255:
9249:
9243:
9237:
9231:
9224:
9222:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9214:
9208:
9202:
9196:
9190:
9184:
9178:
9171:
9169:
9165:
9164:
9162:
9161:
9155:
9149:
9143:
9137:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9123:
9121:
9120:
9114:
9108:
9102:
9096:
9090:
9084:
9078:
9071:
9069:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9055:
9049:
9043:
9037:
9031:
9025:
9019:
9013:
9007:
9001:
8995:
8989:
8982:
8980:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8972:
8966:
8960:
8954:
8948:
8942:
8936:
8930:
8924:
8918:
8912:
8906:
8900:
8894:
8888:
8882:
8876:
8870:
8864:
8858:
8852:
8846:
8840:
8834:
8828:
8822:
8816:
8810:
8804:
8798:
8791:
8789:
8785:
8784:
8782:
8781:
8775:
8769:
8763:
8757:
8751:
8745:
8739:
8732:
8730:
8726:
8725:
8723:
8722:
8716:
8710:
8704:
8698:
8692:
8686:
8680:
8674:
8668:
8662:
8656:
8650:
8644:
8638:
8632:
8626:
8619:
8617:
8610:
8606:
8605:
8592:
8591:
8584:
8577:
8569:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8527:
8526:
8518:
8517:
8510:
8499:
8496:
8495:
8492:
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8489:
8488:
8482:
8476:
8470:
8464:
8457:
8451:
8445:
8439:
8433:
8427:
8421:
8415:
8409:
8403:
8397:
8391:
8385:
8379:
8372:
8370:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8362:
8356:
8350:
8344:
8338:
8332:
8326:
8320:
8314:
8308:
8302:
8296:
8290:
8284:
8278:
8272:
8266:
8259:
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8252:
8250:
8249:
8242:
8236:
8230:
8224:
8217:
8215:
8211:
8210:
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8177:
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8112:
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8077:
8071:
8065:
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8036:
8030:
8024:
8018:
8012:
8006:
8000:
7994:
7988:
7982:
7976:
7970:
7964:
7958:
7951:
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7945:
7944:
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7941:
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7923:
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7910:
7908:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7883:
7877:
7871:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7854:
7848:
7842:
7836:
7830:
7824:
7818:
7812:
7806:
7800:
7794:
7788:
7782:
7776:
7770:
7764:
7758:
7751:
7749:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7735:
7729:
7723:
7717:
7711:
7705:
7699:
7693:
7687:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7664:
7658:
7652:
7646:
7640:
7634:
7628:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7605:
7599:
7593:
7587:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7570:
7564:
7558:
7552:
7546:
7540:
7534:
7528:
7522:
7516:
7510:
7503:
7501:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7487:
7481:
7475:
7469:
7463:
7461:Southeast Bobe
7457:
7455:Southwest Bobe
7451:
7444:
7442:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7434:
7428:
7422:
7416:
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7386:
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7377:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7363:
7357:
7351:
7345:
7339:
7333:
7326:
7324:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7299:
7298:
7291:
7284:
7276:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7150:
7148:
7147:Sign languages
7144:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7014:
7012:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6940:
6933:
6932:
6925:
6918:
6910:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6832:
6825:
6824:
6817:
6810:
6802:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6769:
6762:
6761:External links
6759:
6757:
6756:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6689:
6675:
6664:
6657:
6644:
6637:
6626:
6619:
6612:
6605:
6602:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6569:
6560:
6551:
6542:
6533:
6524:
6515:
6506:
6497:
6488:
6479:
6470:
6461:
6452:
6443:
6434:
6425:
6416:
6395:
6386:
6377:
6368:
6359:
6350:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6314:
6305:
6296:
6287:
6278:
6269:
6260:
6251:
6224:
6208:
6199:
6190:
6181:
6172:
6163:
6154:
6139:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6112:
6106:
6100:
6094:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6074:Tumbuka people
6069:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6056:
6048:
6040:
6032:
6024:
6016:
6008:
6000:
5992:
5984:
5976:
5968:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5945:
5937:
5929:
5921:
5913:
5905:
5897:
5889:
5881:
5873:
5865:
5857:
5849:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5810:
5802:
5794:
5786:
5778:
5770:
5762:
5754:
5746:
5738:
5730:
5729:= young ladies
5722:
5714:
5706:
5698:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5672:
5664:
5656:
5648:
5640:
5639:= How are you?
5632:
5624:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5601:
5600:= Travel well.
5597:Yendani makola
5593:
5585:
5577:
5569:
5561:
5553:
5545:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5493:
5492:
5483:
5482:
5475:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5231:and ending in
5225:
5224:
5221:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5172:
5171:Negative verbs
5169:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5042:
5041:-zamu-...-anga
5039:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5020:
5017:
5016:Remote future
5013:
5012:
5009:
4998:
4995:
4994:Distal future
4991:
4990:
4987:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4952:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4912:‘he/she went’
4910:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4874:
4873:-angu-...-anga
4871:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4637:libwe lilikuwa
4605:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4588:
4573:
4561:
4549:
4537:
4521:
4520:
4501:
4500:
4488:
4484:)gula galimoto
4471:
4468:
4421:
4420:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4351:= 'I bought' (
4336:
4335:
4316:
4315:
4299:
4298:
4271:
4270:Subject prefix
4268:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4156:Mwende makola
4153:
4152:
4149:
4148:Uyende makola
4145:
4144:
4141:
4140:Ningakuvwila?
4137:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3974:
3967:
3964:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3896:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3838:
3831:
3828:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3770:
3763:
3760:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3633:
3626:
3623:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3565:
3558:
3555:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3537:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3496:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3424:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3359:
3356:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3291:
3288:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3230:
3223:
3220:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3162:
3155:
3152:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3087:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3016:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2821:
2814:
2811:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2753:
2746:
2743:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2622:
2606:
2594:
2583:
2571:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2519:
2518:
2514:Kwiba (kwibha)
2510:
2496:
2495:
2481:
2467:
2459:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2419:
2405:
2401:tunthu (tuntu)
2395:Kanthu (kantu)
2385:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2354:Class 11 (Lu-)
2351:
2350:
2336:
2322:
2308:
2294:
2274:
2273:
2259:
2245:
2231:
2217:
2197:
2196:
2182:
2168:
2154:
2146:
2132:
2118:
2104:
2090:
2070:
2069:
2055:
2041:
2027:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1984:
1970:
1956:
1942:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1822:
1821:
1801:Tumbuka has a
1791:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1748:
1746:
1735:
1724:
1713:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1646:
1635:
1624:
1613:
1602:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1556:
1545:
1534:
1523:
1512:
1501:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1465:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1430:
1419:
1408:
1397:
1386:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1353:
1342:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1296:
1285:
1274:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1243:
1232:
1230:
1219:
1208:
1197:
1186:
1175:
1164:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1133:
1122:
1111:
1100:
1089:
1078:
1067:
1056:
1045:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1014:
1003:
992:
981:
970:
959:
948:
937:
926:
915:
910:
899:
898:
896:
885:
874:
872:
870:
859:
848:
837:
826:
815:
804:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
666:('shirt') and
573:
570:
526:
523:
521:
518:
455:
452:
431:in words like
369:Guthrie Zone N
365:Tumbuka people
325:Bantu language
316:
315:
309:
303:
302:
297:
290:
287:
286:
279:
271:
270:
263:
255:
254:
245:
237:
236:
235:Language codes
232:
231:
228:
227:
214:
201:
187:
186:
184:
179:
176:
175:
171:
170:
168:
167:
162:
159:Roman alphabet
151:
149:
145:Writing system
142:
139:
138:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
79:Atlantic–Congo
71:
69:
62:
59:
58:
55:
52:
49:
48:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13629:
13618:
13615:
13613:
13610:
13608:
13605:
13603:
13600:
13598:
13595:
13593:
13590:
13588:
13585:
13584:
13582:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13553:
13551:
13548:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13535:
13534:
13530:
13526:
13525:
13521:
13517:
13514:
13510:
13507:
13506:
13503:
13493:
13489:
13487:
13483:
13481:
13477:
13476:
13474:
13470:
13464:
13460:
13458:
13454:
13452:
13448:
13446:
13442:
13440:
13436:
13435:
13433:
13429:
13423:
13419:
13417:
13416:South Ndebele
13413:
13411:
13407:
13405:
13401:
13399:
13395:
13393:
13389:
13387:
13383:
13381:
13377:
13375:
13371:
13369:
13365:
13363:
13359:
13357:
13353:
13352:
13350:
13346:
13340:
13336:
13334:
13330:
13328:
13324:
13322:
13318:
13316:
13312:
13310:
13306:
13304:
13300:
13298:
13294:
13292:
13288:
13286:
13282:
13280:
13276:
13275:
13273:
13269:
13263:
13259:
13258:
13256:
13252:
13246:
13242:
13240:
13236:
13234:
13230:
13228:
13224:
13222:
13218:
13216:
13212:
13210:
13206:
13205:
13203:
13199:
13196:
13192:
13182:
13178:
13177:
13175:
13171:
13165:
13161:
13159:
13155:
13153:
13149:
13148:
13146:
13142:
13136:
13132:
13130:
13126:
13124:
13120:
13118:
13114:
13112:
13108:
13106:
13102:
13100:
13096:
13094:
13090:
13088:
13084:
13082:
13078:
13076:
13072:
13070:
13066:
13064:
13060:
13058:
13054:
13053:
13051:
13047:
13041:
13037:
13035:
13031:
13029:
13025:
13023:
13019:
13017:
13013:
13011:
13007:
13005:
13001:
13000:
12998:
12994:
12991:
12987:
12977:
12973:
12971:
12967:
12965:
12961:
12959:
12955:
12953:
12949:
12947:
12943:
12941:
12937:
12935:
12931:
12930:
12928:
12924:
12918:
12914:
12912:
12908:
12906:
12902:
12900:
12896:
12894:
12890:
12889:
12887:
12883:
12877:
12873:
12871:
12867:
12865:
12861:
12859:
12855:
12853:
12849:
12848:
12846:
12842:
12839:
12835:
12825:
12821:
12819:
12815:
12813:
12809:
12807:
12803:
12801:
12797:
12795:
12791:
12789:
12785:
12784:
12782:
12778:
12772:
12768:
12766:
12762:
12760:
12756:
12755:
12753:
12749:
12743:
12739:
12737:
12733:
12732:
12730:
12726:
12720:
12716:
12714:
12710:
12708:
12704:
12702:
12698:
12696:
12692:
12690:
12686:
12684:
12680:
12678:
12674:
12673:
12671:
12667:
12664:
12660:
12655:
12651:
12643:
12638:
12636:
12631:
12629:
12624:
12623:
12620:
12608:
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12582:
12581:
12577:
12573:
12572:
12568:
12564:
12561:
12557:
12554:
12553:
12550:
12540:
12536:
12534:
12530:
12528:
12524:
12522:
12518:
12516:
12512:
12510:
12506:
12504:
12500:
12498:
12494:
12493:
12491:
12487:
12481:
12477:
12475:
12471:
12469:
12465:
12463:
12459:
12457:
12453:
12451:
12447:
12445:
12441:
12439:
12435:
12433:
12429:
12428:
12426:
12422:
12416:
12412:
12410:
12406:
12404:
12400:
12398:
12394:
12393:
12391:
12387:
12381:
12377:
12375:
12371:
12369:
12365:
12364:
12362:
12358:
12352:
12348:
12346:
12342:
12340:
12336:
12334:
12330:
12328:
12324:
12322:
12318:
12316:
12312:
12310:
12306:
12304:
12300:
12299:
12297:
12293:
12287:
12283:
12281:
12277:
12275:
12271:
12269:
12265:
12263:
12259:
12257:
12253:
12252:
12250:
12246:
12243:
12239:
12229:
12225:
12223:
12219:
12217:
12213:
12211:
12207:
12205:
12201:
12200:
12198:
12194:
12188:
12184:
12182:
12178:
12176:
12172:
12170:
12166:
12165:
12163:
12159:
12153:
12149:
12148:
12146:
12142:
12136:
12132:
12130:
12126:
12124:
12120:
12118:
12114:
12112:
12108:
12106:
12102:
12100:
12096:
12094:
12090:
12089:
12087:
12083:
12077:
12073:
12071:
12067:
12065:
12061:
12059:
12055:
12053:
12049:
12047:
12043:
12039:
12036:
12035:
12034:
12030:
12028:
12024:
12023:
12021:
12017:
12011:
12007:
12005:
12001:
11999:
11995:
11991:
11989:
11985:
11984:
11982:
11978:
11975:
11971:
11961:
11957:
11955:
11951:
11949:
11945:
11943:
11939:
11938:
11936:
11932:
11926:
11922:
11920:
11916:
11914:
11910:
11908:
11904:
11902:
11898:
11896:
11892:
11890:
11886:
11884:
11880:
11878:
11874:
11872:
11868:
11866:
11862:
11860:
11856:
11854:
11850:
11848:
11844:
11842:
11838:
11836:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11825:
11823:
11819:
11813:
11809:
11808:
11806:
11802:
11796:
11792:
11790:
11786:
11784:
11780:
11778:
11774:
11772:
11768:
11766:
11762:
11760:
11756:
11754:
11750:
11748:
11744:
11743:
11741:
11737:
11734:
11730:
11720:
11716:
11714:
11710:
11708:
11704:
11702:
11698:
11696:
11692:
11691:
11689:
11685:
11679:
11675:
11673:
11669:
11667:
11663:
11661:
11657:
11655:
11651:
11649:
11645:
11643:
11639:
11637:
11633:
11631:
11627:
11625:
11621:
11619:
11615:
11613:
11609:
11605:
11603:
11599:
11597:
11593:
11591:
11587:
11585:
11581:
11579:
11575:
11573:
11569:
11567:
11563:
11561:
11557:
11556:
11554:
11550:
11544:
11540:
11538:
11534:
11532:
11528:
11526:
11522:
11520:
11516:
11514:
11510:
11508:
11504:
11502:
11498:
11496:
11492:
11490:
11486:
11484:
11480:
11479:
11477:
11473:
11467:
11463:
11461:
11457:
11455:
11451:
11449:
11445:
11443:
11439:
11437:
11433:
11431:
11427:
11425:
11421:
11419:
11415:
11414:
11412:
11408:
11402:
11398:
11396:
11392:
11390:
11389:Talinga-Bwisi
11386:
11384:
11380:
11378:
11374:
11372:
11368:
11366:
11362:
11360:
11356:
11354:
11350:
11348:
11344:
11342:
11338:
11336:
11332:
11331:
11329:
11325:
11319:
11315:
11313:
11309:
11307:
11303:
11301:
11297:
11295:
11291:
11289:
11285:
11283:
11279:
11277:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11266:
11260:
11256:
11254:
11250:
11248:
11244:
11242:
11238:
11236:
11232:
11230:
11226:
11224:
11220:
11218:
11214:
11212:
11208:
11207:
11205:
11201:
11195:
11191:
11189:
11185:
11183:
11179:
11178:
11176:
11172:
11169:
11165:
11160:
11156:
11148:
11143:
11141:
11136:
11134:
11129:
11128:
11125:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11087:
11086:
11082:
11078:
11077:
11073:
11069:
11066:
11062:
11059:
11058:
11055:
11045:
11041:
11039:
11035:
11034:
11032:
11028:
11022:
11018:
11016:
11012:
11010:
11006:
11004:
11000:
10998:
10994:
10992:
10988:
10987:
10985:
10981:
10975:
10971:
10969:
10965:
10963:
10959:
10957:
10953:
10951:
10947:
10946:
10944:
10940:
10934:
10930:
10928:
10924:
10920:
10918:
10914:
10912:
10908:
10906:
10902:
10900:
10896:
10894:
10890:
10888:
10884:
10882:
10878:
10876:
10875:Central Kongo
10872:
10870:
10866:
10864:
10860:
10858:
10854:
10852:
10848:
10846:
10842:
10840:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10829:
10826:
10822:
10812:
10808:
10806:
10802:
10800:
10796:
10794:
10790:
10788:
10784:
10782:
10778:
10776:
10772:
10770:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10759:
10753:
10749:
10747:
10743:
10742:
10740:
10736:
10730:
10726:
10724:
10720:
10718:
10714:
10712:
10708:
10706:
10702:
10700:
10696:
10694:
10690:
10688:
10684:
10682:
10678:
10676:
10672:
10670:
10666:
10664:
10660:
10658:
10654:
10652:
10648:
10646:
10642:
10641:
10639:
10635:
10629:
10625:
10623:
10619:
10617:
10613:
10611:
10607:
10605:
10601:
10599:
10595:
10593:
10589:
10587:
10583:
10581:
10577:
10575:
10571:
10569:
10565:
10564:
10562:
10558:
10552:
10548:
10546:
10542:
10540:
10536:
10534:
10530:
10528:
10524:
10523:
10521:
10517:
10511:
10507:
10505:
10501:
10500:
10498:
10494:
10491:
10487:
10477:
10473:
10471:
10467:
10465:
10461:
10459:
10455:
10454:
10452:
10448:
10442:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10430:
10426:
10424:
10420:
10418:
10414:
10413:
10411:
10407:
10401:
10397:
10395:
10391:
10390:
10388:
10384:
10381:
10377:
10367:
10363:
10361:
10357:
10355:
10351:
10349:
10345:
10343:
10339:
10337:
10333:
10331:
10327:
10325:
10321:
10319:
10315:
10313:
10309:
10307:
10303:
10301:
10297:
10295:
10291:
10290:
10288:
10284:
10278:
10274:
10272:
10268:
10266:
10262:
10260:
10256:
10254:
10250:
10248:
10244:
10242:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10231:
10225:
10221:
10219:
10215:
10213:
10209:
10207:
10203:
10201:
10197:
10195:
10191:
10189:
10185:
10183:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10172:
10166:
10162:
10160:
10156:
10154:
10150:
10148:
10144:
10142:
10138:
10136:
10132:
10130:
10126:
10124:
10120:
10118:
10114:
10112:
10108:
10106:
10102:
10100:
10096:
10092:
10090:
10086:
10084:
10080:
10078:
10074:
10072:
10068:
10066:
10062:
10060:
10056:
10054:
10050:
10048:
10044:
10043:
10041:
10037:
10031:
10027:
10025:
10021:
10019:
10015:
10013:
10009:
10007:
10003:
10001:
9997:
9995:
9991:
9989:
9985:
9983:
9979:
9977:
9973:
9971:
9967:
9966:
9964:
9960:
9954:
9950:
9948:
9944:
9942:
9938:
9936:
9932:
9930:
9926:
9924:
9920:
9918:
9914:
9912:
9908:
9906:
9902:
9901:
9899:
9895:
9889:
9885:
9883:
9879:
9877:
9876:Talinga-Bwisi
9873:
9871:
9867:
9865:
9861:
9859:
9855:
9853:
9849:
9847:
9843:
9841:
9837:
9835:
9831:
9829:
9825:
9823:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9812:
9809:
9805:
9800:
9796:
9788:
9783:
9781:
9776:
9774:
9769:
9768:
9765:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9727:
9726:
9722:
9718:
9717:
9713:
9709:
9706:
9702:
9699:
9698:
9695:
9685:
9681:
9679:
9675:
9673:
9669:
9667:
9663:
9661:
9657:
9655:
9651:
9649:
9645:
9643:
9639:
9638:
9636:
9632:
9626:
9622:
9620:
9616:
9614:
9610:
9608:
9604:
9602:
9598:
9596:
9592:
9590:
9586:
9584:
9580:
9578:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9567:
9561:
9557:
9555:
9551:
9549:
9545:
9544:
9542:
9538:
9532:
9528:
9526:
9522:
9520:
9516:
9514:
9510:
9508:
9504:
9502:
9498:
9496:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9484:
9480:
9478:
9474:
9472:
9468:
9466:
9462:
9460:
9456:
9454:
9450:
9448:
9444:
9442:
9438:
9436:
9432:
9430:
9426:
9424:
9420:
9418:
9414:
9413:
9411:
9407:
9401:
9397:
9395:
9391:
9389:
9385:
9383:
9379:
9377:
9373:
9371:
9370:East Holoholo
9367:
9365:
9364:West Holoholo
9361:
9359:
9355:
9353:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9341:
9337:
9335:
9331:
9329:
9325:
9323:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9312:
9306:
9302:
9300:
9296:
9294:
9290:
9288:
9284:
9282:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9268:
9264:
9254:
9250:
9248:
9244:
9242:
9238:
9236:
9232:
9230:
9226:
9225:
9223:
9219:
9213:
9209:
9207:
9203:
9201:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9189:
9185:
9183:
9179:
9177:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9166:
9160:
9156:
9154:
9150:
9148:
9144:
9142:
9138:
9136:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9125:
9119:
9115:
9113:
9109:
9107:
9103:
9101:
9097:
9095:
9091:
9089:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9077:
9073:
9072:
9070:
9066:
9060:
9056:
9054:
9050:
9048:
9044:
9042:
9038:
9036:
9032:
9030:
9026:
9024:
9020:
9018:
9014:
9012:
9008:
9006:
9002:
9000:
8996:
8994:
8990:
8988:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8977:
8971:
8967:
8965:
8961:
8959:
8955:
8953:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8941:
8937:
8935:
8931:
8929:
8925:
8923:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8911:
8907:
8905:
8901:
8899:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8887:
8883:
8881:
8877:
8875:
8871:
8869:
8865:
8863:
8859:
8857:
8853:
8851:
8847:
8845:
8841:
8839:
8835:
8833:
8829:
8827:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8815:
8811:
8809:
8805:
8803:
8799:
8797:
8793:
8792:
8790:
8786:
8780:
8776:
8774:
8770:
8768:
8764:
8762:
8758:
8756:
8752:
8750:
8746:
8744:
8740:
8738:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8727:
8721:
8717:
8715:
8711:
8709:
8705:
8703:
8699:
8697:
8693:
8691:
8687:
8685:
8681:
8679:
8675:
8673:
8669:
8667:
8663:
8661:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8649:
8645:
8643:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8631:
8627:
8625:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8614:
8611:
8607:
8602:
8598:
8590:
8585:
8583:
8578:
8576:
8571:
8570:
8567:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8524:
8520:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8508:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8497:
8487:
8483:
8481:
8477:
8475:
8471:
8469:
8465:
8462:
8458:
8456:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8444:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8432:
8428:
8426:
8422:
8420:
8416:
8414:
8410:
8408:
8404:
8402:
8398:
8396:
8392:
8390:
8386:
8384:
8380:
8378:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8367:
8361:
8357:
8355:
8351:
8349:
8345:
8343:
8339:
8337:
8333:
8331:
8327:
8325:
8321:
8319:
8315:
8313:
8309:
8307:
8303:
8301:
8297:
8295:
8291:
8289:
8285:
8283:
8279:
8277:
8273:
8271:
8267:
8265:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8254:
8247:
8243:
8241:
8237:
8235:
8231:
8229:
8225:
8223:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8212:
8206:
8202:
8200:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8182:
8178:
8176:
8172:
8171:
8169:
8165:
8159:
8155:
8153:
8149:
8147:
8143:
8141:
8137:
8135:
8131:
8129:
8125:
8123:
8119:
8117:
8113:
8111:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8100:
8094:
8090:
8088:
8084:
8082:
8078:
8076:
8072:
8070:
8066:
8064:
8060:
8058:
8054:
8053:
8051:
8047:
8041:
8037:
8035:
8031:
8029:
8025:
8023:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8005:
8001:
7999:
7995:
7993:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7981:
7977:
7975:
7971:
7969:
7965:
7963:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7936:
7934:
7930:
7928:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7905:
7902:
7898:
7888:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7870:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7859:
7853:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7841:
7837:
7835:
7831:
7829:
7825:
7823:
7819:
7817:
7813:
7811:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7793:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7775:
7771:
7769:
7765:
7763:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7746:
7740:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7722:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7704:
7700:
7698:
7694:
7692:
7688:
7686:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7665:
7663:
7659:
7657:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7633:
7629:
7627:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7616:
7610:
7606:
7604:
7600:
7598:
7594:
7592:
7588:
7586:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7569:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7551:
7547:
7545:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7527:
7523:
7521:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7509:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7492:
7488:
7486:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7474:
7470:
7468:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7439:
7433:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7397:
7393:
7391:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7368:
7364:
7362:
7358:
7356:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7318:
7314:
7309:
7305:
7297:
7292:
7290:
7285:
7283:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7268:
7263:
7259:
7253:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7009:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6931:
6926:
6924:
6919:
6917:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6823:
6818:
6816:
6811:
6809:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6754:
6751:
6747:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6720:
6717:
6713:
6710:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6688:
6687:2-296-00470-9
6684:
6680:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6606:
6603:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6591:
6578:
6573:
6564:
6555:
6546:
6537:
6528:
6519:
6510:
6501:
6492:
6483:
6474:
6465:
6456:
6447:
6438:
6429:
6420:
6412:
6406:
6399:
6390:
6381:
6372:
6363:
6354:
6345:
6339:Chase (2004).
6336:
6327:
6318:
6309:
6300:
6291:
6282:
6273:
6264:
6255:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6218:
6212:
6203:
6194:
6185:
6176:
6167:
6158:
6151:
6146:
6144:
6137:
6131:
6127:
6116:
6115:Enoch Chihana
6113:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6097:Mwai Kumwenda
6095:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5841:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5777:= grandfather
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5761:= grandmother
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5506:(Translation)
5505:
5504:
5495:
5494:
5485:
5484:
5476:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5168:
5165:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4688:Tense marker
4687:
4684:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4652:ndamukuchezga
4647:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4626:
4620:
4613:
4609:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4558:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4497:
4495:
4489:
4485:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4470:Object-marker
4467:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4427:
4417:
4415:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4395:= 'we bought'
4393:
4391:
4385:
4381:
4379:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4226:"I love you"
4225:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4186:I don't know
4185:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4073:Muli makola?
4072:
4071:
4068:how are you?
4067:
4065:
4062:Muli makola?
4061:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2621:= every child
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2404:= small thing
2402:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2244:= farm animal
2242:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1873:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1000:
993:
989:
982:
978:
971:
967:
960:
956:
949:
945:
938:
934:
927:
923:
916:
911:
909:
904:
900:
897:
893:
886:
882:
875:
873:
871:
867:
860:
856:
849:
845:
838:
834:
827:
823:
816:
812:
805:
803:
799:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
747:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
712:
710:
705:
702:
696:
690:
684:
670:
664:
654:
648:
636:. The sounds
579:
558:
556:
549:and syllabic
517:
514:
508:
503:
499:
494:
488:
483:
479:
474:
470:'people' and
468:
462:
451:
449:
443:
440:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
313:
310:
308:
304:
298:
294:
288:
284:
280:
278:
277:
272:
268:
264:
261:
256:
251:
246:
243:
238:
233:
226:
215:
213:
202:
200:
189:
188:
185:
177:
172:
166:
163:
160:
156:
153:
152:
150:
146:
140:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
74:
70:
66:
60:
56:
50:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
13508:
12735:
12555:
12111:Luba-Katanga
11612:Suba-Simbiti
11060:
10099:Suba-Simbiti
9700:
9388:Lega-Malinga
8502:
7068:Mambwe-Lungu
7001:
6889:
6875:Malawi Lomwe
6749:
6735:
6722:
6678:
6671:
6660:
6651:
6640:
6633:
6622:
6615:
6598:
6587:Bibliography
6572:
6563:
6554:
6545:
6536:
6527:
6518:
6509:
6500:
6491:
6482:
6473:
6464:
6455:
6446:
6437:
6428:
6419:
6398:
6389:
6380:
6371:
6362:
6357:Vail (1971).
6353:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6317:
6308:
6299:
6290:
6281:
6272:
6263:
6254:
6231:See entries
6227:
6219:
6211:
6202:
6193:
6184:
6175:
6166:
6157:
6130:
5687:
5620:Mwawuka uli?
5560:= Thank you
5464:
5352:
5351:
5283:
5279:
5278:
5262:
5258:
5242:
5232:
5228:
5226:
5215:
5200:
5174:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5130:'he can go'
5122:
5101:
5097:
5076:
5051:
5047:
5025:
5003:
4982:
4978:
4972:-ti-...-enge
4957:
4930:
4926:
4920:-ka-...-anga
4904:
4883:
4879:
4857:
4831:
4810:
4806:
4784:
4759:
4755:
4749:-ku-...-anga
4733:
4707:
4694:Translation
4657:
4648:
4643:walikutayika
4619:zathambalala
4614:
4610:
4607:
4593:
4582:
4578:
4566:
4554:
4542:
4530:
4522:
4513:
4512:Kondwani wa(
4505:
4502:
4493:
4492:Changa waka(
4481:
4473:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4422:
4413:
4401:
4389:
4377:
4365:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4337:
4328:
4319:
4317:
4308:
4300:
4291:
4281:
4273:
4160:
4092:Tili makola
4084:Nili makola
4074:
4063:
4029:
4017:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3976:
3949:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3908:
3881:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3840:
3813:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3772:
3745:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3703:
3676:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3635:
3608:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3567:
3539:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3498:
3477:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3436:
3409:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3368:
3341:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3300:
3273:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3232:
3205:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3164:
3137:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3096:
3069:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3028:
3001:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2960:
2933:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2891:
2864:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2823:
2796:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2755:
2688:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2646:choko (coko)
2643:
2631:
2627:
2615:
2611:
2599:
2593:= that child
2588:
2576:
2570:= this child
2565:
2556:
2532:= underneath
2521:
2520:
2498:
2497:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2387:
2386:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2276:
2275:
2221:Caro (charo)
2207:Caka (chaka)
2199:
2198:
2094:Boma (bhoma)
2072:
2071:
2009:
2008:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:in class 6.
1915:
1893:
1884:
1881:Noun classes
1867:
1854:
1823:
1800:
1793:
1772:
706:
656:. The sound
575:
528:
500:of the same
481:
477:
457:
444:
406:
382:
381:
360:
356:
352:
320:
319:
307:Linguasphere
293:Guthrie code
274:
155:Latin script
118:
27:
12824:Sena-Malawi
12521:Lukanga Twa
10869:South Kongo
8480:West Ngongo
6579:, p. 60-64.
5557:Yebo (yeŵo)
5387:Nyakanyaka
5245:kumana nawo
5164:nkhalutanga
5083:‘let's go'
5019:-zamu-(ku)-
4947:Near future
4800:-a-...-anga
4661:wati wagona
4454:instead of
4355:stands for
4258:Talk/speak
4175:Yayi/Chala
4095:We're okay
4075:Mwaŵa uli?
4064:Mwaŵa uli?
2582:= one child
2080:Bele (bhele
1966:ŵana (bana)
1899:katundu uyu
454:Orthography
404:districts.
89:Benue–Congo
84:Volta-Congo
73:Niger–Congo
13581:Categories
13404:Nhlangwini
13380:Old Mfengu
13321:Phalaborwa
13117:Dombondola
12852:Ndengereko
12093:Luba-Kasai
10905:East Kongo
10628:Mushungulu
9358:Bangubangu
8248:(spurious)
7532:South Kogo
7526:North Kogo
7449:North Bobe
7220:Portuguese
7073:Mbamba Bay
6625:49, 47-65.
6618:43, 55-79.
6122:References
5967:= tortoise
5944:= to dance
5936:= to plant
5896:= to write
5885:Kuchimbila
5872:= to sleep
5856:= to laugh
5710:Musungwana
5676:Tionanenge
5113:Potential
4997:-amu-(ku)-
4480:Pokani wa(
4466:are used.
3830:underneath
2673:= my child
2258:= drunkard
2040:= fig-tree
1826:ideophones
709:homorganic
572:Consonants
498:allophones
342:Chitumbuka
28:Chitumbuka
13520:varieties
13511:indicate
13297:Khalaxadi
13129:Kwaluudhi
13105:Ndongwena
13075:Ngandyera
12707:Ndendeule
12567:varieties
12558:indicate
12539:Kafue Twa
12169:Salampasu
11072:varieties
11063:indicate
9712:varieties
9703:indicate
9459:Nyanga-li
9235:Songomeno
8648:Mbomotaba
8514:varieties
8505:indicate
8413:East Yans
8312:Ndzindziu
8276:Ngungwele
8264:Tege-Kali
8022:Metombola
7962:West Kele
7048:Lala-Bisa
6234:citatanga
6063:= chicken
5952:= to sing
5920:= to cook
5912:= to bath
5880:= to walk
5848:= to play
5694:Munyamata
5636:Muli uli?
5613:Greetings
5432:September
5327:Mwanalume
5091:-ka-...-e
4631:ndakondwa
4545:ona (iwe)
4533:ona (ine)
4348:-kha-gula
4307:pamphasa
4167:Enya/ Eh
4087:I'm okay
2466:= farming
2335:= chicken
1994:ŵasibweni
1672:semivowel
1547:ska (sya)
1483:fricative
1373:aspirated
1371:nasalised
1261:nasalised
1151:aspirated
908:affricate
520:Phonology
348:Citumbuka
312:99-AUS-wc
276:Glottolog
260:ISO 639-3
242:ISO 639-2
13209:Korekore
13099:Mbalanhu
13057:Kwanyama
12771:Manganja
12368:Nyakyusa
12222:Lushangi
11919:Imilangu
11889:Mbukushu
11841:Kwangali
11795:Nkangala
11701:Nyamwezi
11596:Nguruimi
11347:Nyankore
11223:Nyabungu
11044:Hunganna
11009:Mbangala
10950:Kimbundu
10539:Shambala
10423:Nyamwezi
10083:Nguruimi
9834:Nyankore
9589:Nyabungu
9465:Gbati-ri
9047:Ligendza
9017:Pagibete
8702:Bondongo
8360:Tsitsege
8270:Njiningi
8240:Kaning'i
8040:Mahongwe
8028:Molengue
8016:Ndambomo
7956:Sekiyani
7852:Koonzime
7709:Yangafek
7225:Japanese
7098:Nkangala
7083:Mbukushu
6068:See also
5888:= to run
5864:= to eat
5745:= mother
5456:December
5451:Thukila
5448:November
5427:Mpupulu
5379:Muswela
5376:February
5371:Mathipa
5363:Tumbuka
5341:Nthombi
5257:yayi, ni
5158:nkhuluta
4951:...-enge
4715:‘to go'
4691:Example
4625:ndakhala
4432:t-a-gula
4416:-ka-gula
4404:-ka-gula
4392:-ka-gula
4380:-ka-gula
4368:-ka-gula
4290:ciŵinda
4239:Phepani
4041:English
4038:Tumbuka
3898:in front
3893:kunthazi
2813:children
2703:English
2553:Concords
2548:= inside
2480:= bridge
2383:= tongue
2117:= bottle
2089:= breast
1983:= donkey
1941:= person
1808:Chichewa
1488:unvoiced
913:unvoiced
692:, Chewa
513:misyombe
507:miskombe
337:Tanzania
283:tumb1250
225:Tanzania
42:Tanzania
13509:Italics
13463:Hlengwe
13245:Kalanga
13233:Karanga
13221:Manyika
13111:Kwankwa
13093:Mbandja
13016:Nyaneka
13004:Umbundu
12905:Makonde
12864:Matumbi
12800:Nyungwe
12736:Tumbuka
12689:Matengo
12648:Narrow
12556:Italics
12105:Kanyoka
12038:Mbagani
11901:Mulonga
11895:Mbogedu
11865:Kwangwa
11660:Simbiti
11594:[JE401
11560:Logooli
11537:Marachi
11529:[JE341
11446:[JE221
11430:Dzindza
11381:[JE101
11316:[JD631
11300:Hangaza
11288:Fuliiro
11245:[JD501
11241:Kabwari
11167:Zone J*
11153:Narrow
11061:Italics
10917:Hangala
10693:Ngazija
10681:Tumbatu
10610:Vidunda
10458:Nilamba
10300:Gyriama
10147:Simbiti
10081:[JE401
10047:Logooli
10024:Marachi
10016:[JE341
9933:[JE221
9917:Dzindza
9868:[JE101
9793:Narrow
9701:Italics
9682:[JD631
9666:Hangaza
9654:Fuliiro
9611:[JD501
9607:Kabwari
9501:Bvanuma
9447:Ngbinda
9340:Songola
9287:Lengola
9241:Busoong
9229:Dengese
9029:Bomboma
8904:Mabaale
8898:Bolondo
8874:Kangana
8862:Mangala
8820:Sengele
8814:Bobangi
8714:Bomboli
8654:Bongili
8636:Bogongo
8595:Narrow
8503:Italics
8330:Musieno
8187:Tsaangi
8075:Himbaka
7980:Mbangwe
7915:Mpongwe
7822:Ukwedjo
7810:Bomwali
7792:Medjime
7780:Konabem
7721:Gbïgbïl
7644:Bacenga
7638:Mangisa
7632:Yambasa
7603:Ngayaba
7591:Kaalong
7568:Yambeta
7556:Aling'a
7420:Mulimba
7384:Bomboko
7367:Nkongho
7349:Bonkeng
7302:Narrow
7256:Narrow
7230:Russian
7215:Chinese
7195:Italian
7185:Spanish
7180:Punjabi
7170:English
7043:Kwangwa
7002:Tumbuka
6951:English
6890:Tumbuka
6843:English
6408:, have
6246:cihengo
6240:cidunga
6044:Nkalamu
6039:= sheep
6036:Mbelele
6012:Ng'ombe
6004:Nkhumba
5999:= snake
5991:= hyena
5988:Chimbwi
5983:= hippo
5957:Animals
5933:Kupanda
5917:Kuphika
5901:Kuchapa
5893:Kulemba
5721:= girls
5440:October
5419:Mphepo
5411:Zizima
5395:Masika
5368:January
5360:English
5294:Tumbuka
5291:English
5241:enya, n
5218:machero
5184:cha(ra)
5075:ti-lut-
4956:wa-lut-
4440:Karonga
4429:, e.g.
4400:(imwe)
4277:ciŵinda
4255:Yowoya
4250:Family
4054:Monile
2721:object
2587:Mwana u
2564:Mwana u
2477:maulalo
2458:= night
2409:Kamwana
2372:Lumbiri
2321:= brick
2307:= money
2304:ndalama
2298:Ndalama
2293:= plate
2255:vidakwa
2178:masuzgo
2068:= heart
2002:Katundu
1988:Sibweni
1969:= child
1946:Muzungu
1889:katundu
1726:lya/rya
1715:lwa/rwa
1432:(nthya)
903:plosive
743:glottal
733:palatal
689:kulwala
683:kudwala
502:phoneme
493:cakurya
487:cakulya
409:Swahili
402:Karonga
357:Tumbuka
321:Tumbuka
119:Tumbuka
94:Bantoid
22:Tumbuka
13490:[S611
13461:[S511
13451:Tsonga
13445:Gwamba
13398:Phuthi
13378:[S401
13339:Pulana
13327:Kutswe
13319:[S301
13309:Lobedu
13291:Ngwatu
13285:Kgatla
13279:Tswana
13215:Zezuru
13194:Zone S
13156:[R311
13152:Herero
13123:Esinga
13081:Kafima
13079:[R211
13069:Kwambi
13063:Ndonga
13028:Kuvale
13026:[R101
13022:Khumbi
13010:Ndombe
12989:Zone R
12976:Moniga
12964:Sakati
12956:[P311
12917:Mabiha
12911:Ndonde
12876:Mbunga
12870:Ngindo
12837:Zone P
12822:[N441
12788:Nsenga
12759:Nyanja
12740:[N201
12705:[N101
12662:Zone N
12533:Lundwe
12519:[M611
12460:[M521
12407:[M401
12397:Taabwa
12372:[M301
12345:Lambya
12343:[M201
12321:Malila
12309:Mwanga
12286:Kuulwe
12284:[M131
12280:Mambwe
12262:Rungwa
12256:Pimbwe
12241:Zone M
12228:Shasha
12214:[L601
12204:Mbwera
12185:[L511
12152:Kaonde
12127:[L301
12070:Lwalwa
12056:[L201
12008:[L101
11996:&
11973:Zone L
11952:[K402
11948:Subiya
11942:Totela
11925:Kwandi
11907:Mwenyi
11877:Liyuwa
11869:[K321
11829:Luyana
11789:Mbwela
11783:Nyengo
11777:Mbunda
11765:Lucazi
11759:Nyemba
11753:Luimbi
11747:Chokwe
11732:Zone K
11707:Sumbwa
11695:Sukuma
11676:JE434
11670:JE433
11664:JE432
11658:JE431
11654:Tiriki
11652:JE413
11646:JE412
11640:JE411
11634:JE407
11628:JE406
11622:JE405
11618:Shashi
11616:JE404
11606:JE403
11600:JE402
11578:Zanaki
11541:JE343
11535:JE342
11519:Saamia
11507:Tsotso
11495:Bukusu
11464:JE253
11458:JE252
11452:JE251
11436:Kerebe
11418:Nyambo
11399:JE121
11393:JE103
11387:JE102
11276:Ruanda
11257:JD531
11251:JD502
11247:Nyindu
11194:Nyanga
11188:Ndandi
11021:Soonde
11019:[H321
10956:Mbamba
10933:Suundi
10927:Doondo
10915:[H111
10893:Bwende
10857:Ndingi
10839:Beembe
10824:Zone H
10811:Magoma
10809:[G651
10787:Pangwa
10752:Ndamba
10746:Pogolo
10729:Mwiini
10703:[G402
10699:Njuani
10687:Hadimu
10675:Phemba
10669:Unguja
10620:[G301
10616:Sagala
10592:Ruguru
10580:Zaramo
10574:Ngwele
10568:Zigula
10549:[G221
10545:Bondei
10527:Tubeta
10510:Kaguru
10489:Zone G
10476:Mbugwe
10429:Sumbwa
10417:Sukuma
10394:Tongwe
10379:Zone F
10360:Degere
10354:Segeju
10348:Elwana
10346:[E701
10342:Sagala
10336:Dabida
10318:Duruma
10294:Pokomo
10216:[E531
10200:Saraka
10182:Kikuyu
10163:JE434
10157:JE433
10151:JE432
10145:JE431
10141:Tiriki
10139:JE413
10133:JE412
10127:JE411
10121:JE407
10115:JE406
10109:JE405
10105:Shashi
10103:JE404
10093:JE403
10087:JE402
10065:Zanaki
10028:JE343
10022:JE342
10006:Saamia
9994:Tsotso
9982:Bukusu
9951:JE253
9945:JE252
9939:JE251
9923:Kerebe
9905:Nyambo
9886:JE121
9880:JE103
9874:JE102
9807:Zone E
9642:Ruanda
9623:JD531
9617:JD502
9613:Nyindu
9560:Nyanga
9554:Ndandi
9513:Ndaaka
9471:Mayeka
9433:[D301
9400:Lumbwe
9394:Tumbwe
9374:[D201
9303:[D141
9293:Metoko
9266:Zone D
9210:[C701
9176:Tetela
9159:Bafoto
9153:Ngando
9112:Likile
9110:[C501
9053:Likula
9041:Dzando
9015:[C401
8987:Ngombe
8970:Babale
8940:Dzamba
8922:Balobo
8916:Litoka
8910:Ndoobo
8890:[C301
8868:Boloki
8856:Mbudza
8832:Ntomba
8826:Sakata
8779:Bwenyi
8777:[C201
8720:Bozaba
8708:Mbonzo
8696:Enyele
8690:Mbenga
8672:Ngando
8666:Dibole
8664:[C101
8660:Lobala
8624:Ngondi
8609:Zone C
8463:(Ngwi)
8447:[B821
8358:[B701
8288:Tsaayi
8282:Mpumpu
8246:Yangho
8238:[B602
8234:Nduumo
8228:Mbaama
8191:[B501
8140:Varama
8132:[B401
8081:Bongwe
8067:[B301
7996:[B201
7986:Wumbvu
7933:Dyumba
7900:Zone B
7869:Kwakum
7814:[A801
7804:Mpiemo
7798:Mpompo
7786:Bekwil
7756:Mvumbo
7737:[A751
7715:Bëbëlë
7691:Ewondo
7654:[A621
7607:[A501
7554:[A441
7544:Nyokon
7514:Bankon
7473:Bapoko
7424:[A221
7390:Baakpe
7359:[A141
7343:Balong
7316:Zone A
7235:Danish
7210:Arabic
7205:Hebrew
7190:German
7175:French
7113:Shanjo
7108:Nsenga
7093:Mwanga
7088:Mbunda
7063:Luyana
7033:Kuhane
7023:Chokwe
6992:Nyanja
6987:Luvale
6972:Kaonde
6701:
6685:
6060:Nkhuku
6055:= goat
6047:= lion
5975:= hare
5972:Kalulu
5949:Kwimba
5941:Kuvina
5925:Kulima
5909:Kugeza
5877:Kwenda
5869:Kugona
5853:Kuseka
5713:= girl
5705:= boys
5684:People
5668:Monile
5565:Taonga
5544:= Yes
5443:Zimya
5435:Lupya
5424:August
5335:Virgin
5319:Bhema
5316:Khweŵa
5308:Bheka
5145:ni-ka-
5141:ni-ku-
4851:-angu-
4825:-liku-
4685:Tense
4604:Tenses
4412:(iwo)
4388:(ise)
4376:(iyo)
4364:(iwe)
4357:ni-ka-
4344:(ine)
4247:Banja
4234:Sorry
4231:Phepa
4183:Kwali
4049:Hello
3966:inside
3961:mukati
3762:buying
3757:kugula
3620:tuyuni
3552:kayuni
3421:lwande
3358:houses
3353:nyumba
3285:nyumba
2678:Mwana
2666:Mwana
2658:Khumbo
2654:Mwana
2642:Mwana
2626:Mwana
2610:Mwana
2598:Mwana
2575:Mwana
2545:Mukati
2506:Kugula
2432:= bird
2429:tuyuni
2423:Kayuni
2418:= baby
2380:Lulimi
2375:= fame
2367:= side
2364:Lwande
2349:= fish
2332:nkhuku
2326:Nkhuku
2318:njelwa
2312:Njelwa
2272:= whip
2269:vikoti
2216:= year
2195:= hand
2192:mawoko
2167:= hill
2164:mapiri
2128:mafuko
2065:mitima
2054:= life
2051:miyoyo
2037:mikuyu
2026:= head
1980:ŵabulu
1932:Munthu
1916:mafumu
1831:yoyoyo
1779:ndyali
1676:liquid
1589:voiced
1320:(ndya)
1032:voiced
728:dental
723:labial
647:nsómba
616:, and
525:Vowels
478:ŵanthu
467:banthu
434:chitha
429:clicks
421:Mzimba
417:Rumphi
400:, and
398:Mzimba
390:Rumphi
359:means
351:— the
335:, and
333:Zambia
329:Malawi
222:
212:Zambia
209:
199:Malawi
196:
108:Zone N
46:Zambia
38:Malawi
13492:Lenge
13486:Tonga
13457:Ronga
13420:S408
13414:S407
13408:S406
13402:S405
13396:S404
13392:Hlubi
13390:S403
13386:Bhaca
13384:S402
13368:Swati
13356:Xhosa
13337:S304
13331:S303
13325:S302
13315:Sotho
13307:S32b
13301:S32a
13295:S31d
13289:S31c
13283:S31b
13277:S31a
13262:Venda
13225:S13b
13219:S13a
13162:R312
13133:R242
13127:R241
13121:R218
13115:R217
13109:R216
13103:R215
13097:R214
13091:R213
13087:Evale
13085:R212
13040:Mbali
13038:R103
13034:Kwisi
13032:R102
12974:P341
12968:P331
12962:P312
12952:Cuabo
12946:Ngulu
12940:Lomwe
12934:Makua
12899:Mwera
12858:Ruihi
12818:Podzo
12794:Kunda
12769:N31c
12763:N31b
12757:N31a
12717:N121
12713:Nindi
12711:N102
12701:Tonga
12695:Mpoto
12683:Ngoni
12677:Manda
12537:M633
12531:M632
12525:M631
12515:Tonga
12497:Lenje
12480:Temba
12478:M542
12472:M541
12468:Luano
12466:M522
12450:Lamba
12444:Swaka
12432:Biisa
12415:Aushi
12413:M402
12409:Bwile
12403:Bemba
12380:Penja
12378:M302
12374:Ndali
12351:Sukwa
12349:M202
12339:Tambo
12327:Safwa
12315:Nyiha
12303:Wanda
12274:Rungu
12226:L603
12220:L602
12216:Kolwe
12210:Nkoya
12187:Luntu
12181:Ruund
12175:Lunda
12135:Zeela
12133:L331
12129:Kebwe
12123:Sanga
12117:Hemba
12099:Lulua
12097:L31b
12091:L31a
12076:Binji
12074:L231
12068:L221
12062:L202
12058:Budya
12046:Songe
12033:Binji
12010:Sonde
12004:Kwese
11994:Samba
11988:Pende
11958:K411
11923:K371
11917:K354
11911:K353
11905:K352
11899:K351
11893:K334
11887:K333
11883:Manyo
11881:K332
11875:K322
11871:Mbume
11859:Sanjo
11853:Simaa
11847:Mashi
11835:Mbowe
11771:Lwena
11757:K12b
11751:K12a
11719:Bungu
11713:Kimbu
11678:Sweta
11672:Surwa
11666:Hacha
11648:Isuxa
11642:Idaxo
11630:Singa
11624:Kabwa
11602:Ikizu
11590:Sonjo
11572:Koria
11566:Gusii
11543:Songa
11531:Xaayo
11525:Nyuli
11513:Nyore
11505:E32b
11501:Hanga
11499:E32a
11493:E31c
11487:E31b
11481:E31a
11454:Kwaya
11448:Rashi
11383:Gungu
11377:Nyala
11371:Gwere
11359:Ganda
11341:Tooro
11335:Nyoro
11312:Vinza
11282:Rundi
11259:Tembo
11229:Bembe
11217:Haavu
11211:Hunde
11182:Konzo
11038:Mbala
11015:Sinji
11003:Hungu
11001:H33
10974:Songo
10954:H21b
10948:H21a
10931:H131
10923:Kamba
10921:H112
10909:H16h
10903:H16g
10899:Laadi
10897:H16f
10891:H16e
10887:Fiote
10885:H16d
10881:Yombe
10879:H16c
10873:H16b
10867:H16a
10863:Mboka
10851:Kunyi
10799:Wanji
10793:Kinga
10769:Sango
10727:G412
10721:G411
10715:G404
10711:Mwani
10709:G403
10705:Makwe
10697:G44b
10691:G44a
10685:G43c
10679:G43b
10673:G43a
10667:G42d
10663:Mrima
10661:G42c
10657:Mvita
10655:G42b
10649:G42a
10645:Tikuu
10626:G311
10586:Ngulu
10551:Mbugu
10470:Langi
10441:Bungu
10435:Kimbu
10400:Bende
10366:Taita
10358:E732
10352:E731
10340:E74b
10334:E74a
10324:Rabai
10322:E72e
10316:E72d
10312:Conyi
10310:E72c
10306:Kauma
10304:E72b
10298:E72a
10277:Gweno
10259:Rombo
10257:E62c
10253:Wunjo
10251:E62b
10245:E62a
10222:E541
10212:Daiso
10206:Kamba
10165:Sweta
10159:Surwa
10153:Hacha
10135:Isuxa
10129:Idaxo
10117:Singa
10111:Kabwa
10089:Ikizu
10077:Sonjo
10059:Koria
10053:Gusii
10030:Songa
10018:Xaayo
10012:Nyuli
10000:Nyore
9992:E32b
9988:Hanga
9986:E32a
9980:E31c
9974:E31b
9968:E31a
9941:Kwaya
9935:Rashi
9870:Gungu
9864:Nyala
9858:Gwere
9846:Ganda
9828:Tooro
9822:Nyoro
9678:Vinza
9660:Shubi
9648:Rundi
9625:Tembo
9595:Bembe
9583:Haavu
9577:Hunde
9548:Konzo
9531:Ngbee
9529:D336
9525:Beeke
9523:D335
9517:D334
9511:D333
9505:D332
9499:D331
9495:Ibutu
9493:D313
9489:Kaiku
9487:D312
9481:D311
9475:D308
9469:D307
9463:D306
9457:D305
9451:D304
9445:D303
9439:D302
9429:Nyali
9398:D282
9392:D281
9386:D251
9382:Kango
9380:D211
9368:D28b
9362:D28a
9352:Zimba
9281:Mbole
9253:Wongo
9212:Langa
9188:Nkutu
9157:C611
9151:[C63
9147:Lalia
9139:C61b
9133:C61a
9118:Linga
9116:C502
9094:Lombo
9076:Mbesa
9059:Bango
9057:C441
9051:C415
9045:C414
9039:C413
9035:Bamwe
9033:C412
9027:C411
9023:Kango
9021:C403
9011:Angba
8993:Bwela
8968:C374
8964:Gbuta
8962:C373
8958:Kunda
8956:C372
8952:Tembo
8950:C371
8946:Mpama
8944:C323
8938:C322
8934:Binza
8932:C321
8926:C315
8920:C314
8914:C313
8908:C312
8902:C311
8896:C302
8880:Ndolo
8878:C36g
8872:C36f
8866:C36e
8860:C36d
8854:C36c
8850:Mpesa
8848:C36b
8842:C36a
8838:Bolia
8836:C35b
8830:C35a
8806:C31c
8802:Ngiri
8800:C31b
8794:C31a
8767:Kwala
8761:Mbosi
8749:Ngare
8737:Mboko
8718:C162
8712:C161
8706:C143
8700:C142
8694:C141
8688:C105
8682:C104
8676:C103
8670:C102
8642:Mbati
8634:C12b
8630:Pande
8628:C12a
8486:Nzadi
8484:B865
8478:B864
8474:Mpiin
8472:B863
8466:B862
8459:B861
8453:B822
8443:Mbuun
8429:B85e
8425:Ntsuo
8423:B85d
8417:B85c
8411:B85b
8407:Mbiem
8405:B85a
8401:Mpuun
8399:B84b
8395:Mpuon
8393:B84a
8389:Mfinu
8377:Tiene
8354:Wuumu
8346:B77b
8342:Kukwa
8340:B77a
8334:B76b
8328:B76a
8316:B74b
8310:B74a
8304:B73d
8298:B73c
8294:Laali
8292:B73b
8286:B73a
8280:B72b
8274:B72a
8268:B71b
8262:B71a
8244:B603
8222:Mbete
8203:B503
8199:Mwele
8197:B502
8193:Wanzi
8181:Nzebi
8158:Bwali
8156:B411
8152:Ngubi
8150:B404
8146:Vungu
8144:B403
8138:B402
8134:Bwisi
8128:Lumbu
8116:Sangu
8091:B305
8087:Pinzi
8085:B304
8079:B303
8073:B302
8063:Kande
8057:Tsogo
8038:B252
8034:Shake
8032:B251
8026:B221
8020:B205
8014:B204
8008:B203
8004:Sighu
8002:B202
7998:Ndasa
7972:B22c
7966:B22b
7960:B22a
7939:Nkomi
7937:B11e
7931:B11d
7927:Galwa
7925:B11c
7921:Rongo
7919:B11b
7913:B11a
7879:A92b
7873:A92a
7850:A842
7846:Bajue
7844:A841
7840:Bekol
7838:A832
7832:A831
7828:Shiwe
7826:A803
7820:A802
7816:Gyele
7802:A86c
7796:A86b
7790:A86a
7784:A85b
7778:A85a
7768:Makaa
7719:A73b
7713:A73a
7707:A72d
7703:Bakja
7701:A72c
7697:Mvele
7695:A72b
7689:A72a
7668:Mbule
7666:A623
7660:A622
7626:Ngoro
7609:Hijuk
7566:A462
7562:Bonek
7560:A461
7550:Mandi
7538:Banen
7530:A43c
7524:A43b
7520:Mbene
7518:A43a
7508:Lombi
7491:Benga
7485:Kombe
7483:A33b
7477:A33a
7471:A32b
7467:Banoo
7465:A32a
7459:A31c
7453:A31b
7447:A31a
7430:A231
7426:Bubia
7414:Pongo
7402:Duala
7365:A151
7337:Barue
7331:Londo
7240:Dutch
7200:Hindi
7133:Wanda
7128:Tabwa
7118:Shona
7103:Nkoya
7078:Mbowe
7058:Lenje
7053:Lamba
7038:Kunda
7018:Bwile
6997:Tonga
6982:Lunda
6967:Bemba
6885:Tonga
6880:Ndali
6859:Chewa
6052:Mbuzi
6031:= cat
6023:= dog
6015:= cow
6007:= pig
5996:Njoka
5980:Gwere
5861:Kurya
5838:Verbs
5753:= dad
5697:= boy
5552:= No
5499:Fulu.
5459:Vula
5403:Vuna
5392:April
5384:March
5338:Mwali
5330:Doda
5313:Smoke
5261:kuman
5229:-nda-
5153:nkha-
5149:nkhu-
5125:-luta
5116:-nga-
5100:-gul-
5050:-lut-
5028:-luta
5006:-gula
5004:amuku
4981:-lut-
4929:-lut-
4907:-luta
4882:-lut-
4860:-luta
4834:-luta
4809:-lut-
4787:-luta
4758:-lut-
4736:-luta
4710:-luta
4353:nkha-
4265:Verbs
4046:Moni
3625:birds
3290:house
3246:vyose
3222:years
3217:vyaka
3121:-gha-
3110:ghose
2950:heads
2745:child
2740:mwana
2730:perf
2718:subj
2712:that
2706:this
2700:noun
2494:= bow
2491:mauta
2471:Ulalo
2463:Ulimi
2455:Usiku
2346:somba
2340:Somba
2284:Mbale
2227:vyaro
2213:vyaka
2172:Suzgo
2158:Phiri
2145:= eye
2059:Mtima
2031:Mkuyu
1960:Mwana
1876:Nouns
1870:focus
1843:phúli
1803:tonal
1796:tonal
1704:la/ra
1558:(sha)
1467:nkhwa
1448:ⁿt͡ʃʰ
1421:nthwa
1399:mphya
1388:mphwa
887:ng'wa
802:nasal
790:plain
780:plain
765:plain
750:plain
738:velar
701:kulya
695:kudya
669:shuga
663:shati
653:somba
634:/d͡z/
630:/t͡s/
626:/bzʲ/
622:/psʲ/
614:/zgʲ/
610:/skʲ/
578:Chewa
555:Chewa
473:chaka
413:Chewa
394:Mzuzu
373:Chewa
371:) as
323:is a
114:Nyasa
104:Bantu
13527:The
13484:S62
13480:Copi
13478:S61
13455:S54
13449:S53
13443:S52
13439:Tswa
13437:S51
13410:Lala
13372:S44
13366:S43
13362:Zulu
13360:S42
13354:S41
13313:S33
13303:Pedi
13260:S21
13243:S16
13239:Ndau
13237:S15
13231:S14
13227:Tebe
13213:S12
13207:S11
13179:R41
13150:R31
13073:R24
13067:R23
13061:R22
13055:R21
13020:R14
13014:R13
13008:R12
13002:R11
12958:Koti
12950:P34
12944:P33
12938:P32
12932:P31
12915:P25
12909:P24
12903:P23
12897:P22
12891:P21
12874:P15
12868:P14
12862:P13
12856:P12
12850:P11
12816:N46
12810:N45
12806:Sena
12804:N44
12798:N43
12792:N42
12786:N41
12765:Cewa
12734:N21
12699:N15
12693:N14
12687:N13
12681:N12
12675:N11
12574:The
12527:Sala
12513:M64
12507:M63
12503:Soli
12501:M62
12495:M61
12474:Lima
12462:Ambo
12456:Seba
12454:M55
12448:M54
12442:M53
12438:Lala
12436:M52
12430:M51
12401:M42
12395:M41
12366:M31
12337:M27
12331:M26
12325:M25
12319:M24
12313:M23
12307:M22
12301:M21
12278:M15
12272:M14
12268:Fipa
12266:M13
12260:M12
12254:M11
12208:L62
12202:L61
12179:L53
12173:L52
12167:L51
12150:L41
12121:L35
12115:L34
12109:L33
12103:L32
12064:Yazi
12052:Luna
12050:L24
12044:L23
12031:L22
12027:Kete
12025:L21
12002:L13
11998:Holu
11992:L12
11986:L11
11946:K42
11940:K41
11913:Koma
11863:K37
11857:K36
11851:K35
11845:K34
11839:K33
11833:K32
11827:K31
11812:Lozi
11810:K21
11793:K18
11787:K17
11781:K16
11775:K15
11769:K14
11763:K13
11745:K11
11717:F25
11711:F24
11705:F23
11699:F22
11693:F21
11636:Ware
11608:Suba
11588:E46
11584:Nata
11582:E45
11576:E44
11570:E43
11564:E42
11558:E41
11523:E35
11517:E34
11511:E33
11489:Kisu
11483:Gisu
11466:Ruri
11460:Kara
11442:Jita
11440:E25
11434:E24
11428:E23
11424:Ziba
11422:E22
11416:E21
11401:Hema
11395:Ruli
11375:E18
11369:E17
11365:Soga
11363:E16
11357:E15
11353:Ciga
11351:E14
11345:E13
11339:E12
11333:E11
11318:Vira
11310:D67
11304:D66
11298:D65
11294:Subi
11292:D64
11286:D63
11280:D62
11274:D61
11253:Yaka
11239:D56
11235:Buyi
11233:D55
11227:D54
11221:D53
11215:D52
11209:D51
11192:D43
11186:D42
11180:D41
11079:The
11042:H42
11036:H41
11013:H35
11007:H34
10997:Suku
10995:H32
10991:Yaka
10989:H31
10972:H24
10968:Bolo
10966:H23
10962:Sama
10960:H22
10861:H15
10855:H14
10849:H13
10845:Vili
10843:H12
10837:H11
10805:Kisi
10803:G67
10797:G66
10791:G65
10785:G64
10781:Bena
10779:G63
10775:Hehe
10773:G62
10767:G61
10750:G52
10744:G51
10717:Sidi
10643:G41
10614:G39
10608:G38
10604:Kutu
10602:G37
10598:Kami
10596:G36
10590:G35
10584:G34
10578:G33
10572:G32
10566:G31
10543:G24
10537:G23
10531:G22
10525:G21
10508:G12
10504:Gogo
10502:G11
10474:F34
10468:F33
10464:Remi
10462:F32
10456:F31
10439:F25
10433:F24
10427:F23
10421:F22
10415:F21
10398:F12
10392:F11
10364:E74
10330:Digo
10328:E73
10292:E71
10275:E65
10271:Kahe
10269:E64
10265:Rusa
10263:E63
10239:E61
10224:Cuka
10210:E56
10204:E55
10198:E54
10194:Meru
10192:E53
10188:Embu
10186:E52
10180:E51
10123:Ware
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5541:Enya
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1949:pl.
1935:pl.
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