335:
240:
31:
367:
351:
459:
428:
447:
201:
846:
247:
The reconstructed cross is 127 cm (50 in) high and 43.8 cm (17.2 in) wide. When rediscovered, it was broken into a number of pieces, but it is not known whether it was dismantled before it was deposited in the lake or whether it broke on first impact with the lough bed or
208:
Dr
Michael Ryan, then Keeper of Irish Antiquities at the NMI, informed the Getty that the cross had been "illicitly excavated from an Irish site ... and represents part of a pattern of plundering of our heritage which is currently the subject of a top-level investigation". The investigation
334:
197:(NMI) that they had been contacted via a letter by "a lady in Massachusetts ... acting on behalf of two friends". She said she felt that, "a modest request would be 1.75 million dollars", before adding that she wanted the offer "kept in the utmost confidence".
185:(an artificial island used for dwelling). The divers failed, as required by law, to report the finding to the Irish government, and attempted to sell the item to a number of museums in America. The Irish government learned of the matter when the
148:
The divers failed to report the finding of this highly important object of national heritage to the Irish government, as required by law. One of them was later prosecuted for trying to sell it to a number of
American museums, including the
350:
231:
prohibiting the foreign sale of historically significant heritage artifacts, and raising the minimal penalty from £50 (as was fined in this case) to £50,000 or six months in prison.
129:
When found, the Tully Lough Cross had been broken into pieces, with its individual remains in very poor condition. In the late 1980s, in a project overseen by the archaeologist
137:(NMI), it was extensively repaired, and a number of lost metal parts were replaced, with a reconstruction based on a representation of similar crosses from contemporary Irish
366:
1320:
290:
The metalwork contains about twenty surviving bronze panels, many of which are highly decorated with ornate patterns and designs influenced by the late
446:
458:
239:
427:
1340:
1169:
134:
89:
386:, including its cusped cross-arms and elaborate glass studs, indicating that its basic form was in use for at least four centuries.
30:
767:
697:
389:
Although there is no other surviving Irish contemporary cross of this type, representations of the form can be found in some
248:
disintegrated due to centuries of wear. It was probably deposited in the mid-12th century during the Irish Church reform.
106:
is an 8th- or 9th-century Irish altar or processional cross, discovered by divers in 1986 at the bottom of Tully Lough,
1164:
560:
There are two nearby crannogs on the lough; the object was found close to the smaller island. See Kelly (2003), p. 10
522:
301:, and the two figurative panels, at the top of the upper arm and halfway down between the crosspiece and base, have
1124:
544:
1315:
1310:
1142:
1112:
1070:
1130:
1335:
706:
1216:
1205:
1174:
902:
685:
357:
325:
200:
194:
1040:
760:
340:
Left-hand arm of the cross, with boss and openwork panel described as comparable to inserts on the
213:
District Court, after the Irish
Government, at the request of the NMI, "decided to get tough with
1076:
956:
228:
114:. It is made from a wooden core covered with bronze sheets and contains spirals derived from the
1094:
810:
418:
390:
138:
111:
1325:
1100:
998:
950:
870:
753:
633:
341:
186:
150:
1190:
413:, Austria. Unlike the Cross of Cong, it is not thought to have been intended to contain a
8:
1254:
1106:
1004:
932:
825:
284:
1064:
1330:
1034:
980:
974:
896:
835:
800:
735:
721:
676:
662:
313:
294:
119:
1088:
1052:
1016:
926:
908:
693:
317:
174:
279:, an iron nail, and bronze fittings shaped as animal heads. It contains a number of
178:
107:
79:
1210:
1082:
251:
The cross' basic form is of the Latin type, and it probably functioned as both an
1244:
1222:
1118:
875:
815:
654:
406:
298:
130:
324:("In the midst of two animals Thou shalt become known") or the biblical tale of
221:
1239:
1200:
1195:
1159:
1028:
1010:
968:
914:
845:
702:
637:
434:
398:
308:
The figurative panels are near-identical, with both showing a man dressed in a
243:
Detail of two inserted panels (with one missing) on the upper arm of the cross.
214:
162:
93:
1304:
1136:
1046:
1022:
962:
944:
830:
795:
465:
410:
402:
383:
275:. The sheets are connected by tubular binding strips, and at the middle by a
165:, Dublin, in 1990 and is on permanent display in the museum's Treasury room.
267:(bronze) sheets that form the upright and crosspiece. The metal sheets were
1284:
1259:
986:
938:
276:
382:
The cross bears a number of similarities to the better-known 12th-century
328:. The man's eyes are closed in the upper panel but open in the lower arm.
1264:
920:
865:
860:
790:
776:
438:
421:
in
England in 2014, and has also been dated to the 8th or 9th centuries.
224:
739:
725:
680:
666:
110:. Although its origin is unknown, it may be associated with a church in
1289:
1249:
1058:
880:
820:
394:
321:
256:
190:
154:
142:
1274:
711:
Envisioning Christ on the Cross: Ireland and the Early
Medieval West
305:. The reverse is less decorated but does contain bosses and mounts.
302:
291:
115:
716:
Murray, Griffin. "The provenance of an Irish crucifixion plaque".
1279:
805:
280:
210:
182:
209:
eventually led to one of the discoverers being convicted in the
320:
as prophesied, according to some
Christian interpretations, in
272:
264:
745:
414:
252:
123:
48:
545:
State Papers 1987: 30 things we've learned from 30 years ago
1269:
309:
548:
268:
260:
44:
690:
204:
The crannog on Lough Tully near the cross's find spot.
709:. In: Mullins, Juliet; Ni Ghradaigh, Jenifer (eds):
158:
713:. University of Notre Dame: Thomas F.X. Noble, 2014
452:
The Cross of Saint Rupert, 8th century, Northumbria
417:. A very similar pyramidal mount was found in the
1302:
523:Recovered Celtic Treasure: The Tully Lough Cross
312:reaching beyond his knees, standing between two
220:The case led to a change in Irish law after the
761:
1321:Collection of the National Museum of Ireland
360:- on the lower arm of the front of the cross
356:Detail of the figurative insert -perhaps of
177:in July 1986 at the bottom of Tully Lough,
768:
754:
551:, 29 December 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2022
29:
707:Irish crucifixion plaques: a reassessment
122:style. Its dating is based on its use of
671:Kelly, Eamonn. "The Tully Lough cross".
238:
199:
692:. London: Yale University Press, 2014.
657:. "The Treasury: content and context".
1303:
610:
608:
606:
587:
585:
572:
570:
568:
566:
749:
734:, volume 1, number 2, December 1987.
539:
537:
535:
529:, Autumn 2003. Retrieved 8 March 2022
485:
483:
730:"News: National Museum gets tough".
675:, volume 17, no. 2, issue 64, 2003.
617:
517:
515:
513:
511:
501:
499:
497:
495:
1341:Medieval European metalwork objects
603:
582:
563:
161:1.75m. It was acquired by the NMI,
13:
594:
532:
480:
60:Width: 43.8 cm (17.2 in)
14:
1352:
1165:Library of Trinity College Dublin
720:, volume 26, No. 4, Winter 2012.
508:
492:
372:General view of the reverse side
259:cross. It is constructed from an
844:
457:
445:
426:
409:Cross of Saint Rupert is now in
377:
365:
349:
333:
58:Height: 127 cm (50 in)
1071:Clonmacnoise Crucifixion Plaque
905:(late 7th or early 8th century)
775:
626:
316:, and may represent either the
554:
271:to add a sheen reminiscent of
234:
126:and style of ornamentation.
16:8th or 9th century Irish cross
1:
1125:Shrine of Saint Lachtin's Arm
1037:, (late 9th or early 10th c.)
405:, Scotland. The very similar
263:core lined with plain tinned
1143:Shrine of St Patrick's Tooth
1113:Shrine of St. Patrick's Bell
1073:(late 10th or early 11th c.)
634:Mount: Unique ID: WAW-3168EE
168:
7:
1175:National Museum of Scotland
1131:Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin
903:Rinnegan Crucifixion Plaque
227:sought an amendment to the
10:
1357:
1170:National Museum of Ireland
1019:(late 8th or early 9th c.)
661:, volume 28, No. 2, 2011.
647:
195:National Museum of Ireland
135:National Museum of Ireland
90:National Museum of Ireland
1232:
1183:
1152:
1145:(12th & late 14th c.)
899:(late 6th or early 7th c)
889:
853:
842:
783:
659:Irish Arts Review (2002-)
640:. Retrieved 11 March 2022
173:The cross was found by a
85:
72:
64:
54:
40:
28:
23:
1013:(8th or 9th & 14 c.)
473:
391:manuscript illustrations
358:Daniel in the lions' den
326:Daniel in the lions' den
139:manuscript illustrations
1077:Bell Shrine of St. Mura
283:pyramidal and circular
257:ceremonial processional
217:and treasure hunters".
47:, bronze, gold, glass,
35:Upper part of the cross
1316:9th century in Ireland
1311:8th century in Ireland
1184:Notable art historians
1097:(shrine: late 11th c.)
1095:Cathach of St. Columba
1041:Muiredach's High Cross
811:Illuminated manuscript
244:
205:
297:style. Three contain
242:
203:
157:at an offer price of
112:Kilmore, County Cavan
1336:Processional crosses
1101:Clonmacnoise Crozier
999:Londesborough Brooch
957:St. Fillan's Crozier
951:Moylough Belt-Shrine
871:Insular illumination
623:Kelly (2011), p. 109
489:Murray (2012), p. 31
342:Moylough Belt-Shrine
187:J. Paul Getty Museum
1255:Celtic Christianity
1107:River Laune Crozier
1005:Derrynaflan Chalice
933:Lindisfarne Gospels
826:House-shaped shrine
732:Archaeology Ireland
718:Archaeology Ireland
673:Archaeology Ireland
614:Moss (2014), p. 269
600:Kelly (2003), p. 10
591:Moss (2014), p. 268
577:Archaeology Ireland
1061:(10th and 15th c.)
1035:Prosperous Crozier
981:Monymusk Reliquary
975:Breadalbane Brooch
897:Ballinderry Brooch
836:Processional cross
801:Crucifixion plaque
314:confronted animals
245:
229:Irish Constitution
206:
68:8th or 9th century
1298:
1297:
1191:Raghnall Ó Floinn
1089:Shrine of Miosach
1053:Ardboe High Cross
1017:Kilmainham Brooch
993:Tully Lough Cross
927:Lichfield Gospels
909:Hunterston Brooch
698:978-0-3001-7919-4
527:Irish Arts Review
505:Kelly (2003), p.9
318:Nativity of Jesus
104:Tully Lough Cross
100:
99:
24:Tully Lough Cross
1348:
1065:Soiscél Molaisse
1043:(9th or 10th c.)
848:
770:
763:
756:
747:
746:
641:
630:
624:
621:
615:
612:
601:
598:
592:
589:
580:
574:
561:
558:
552:
541:
530:
519:
506:
503:
490:
487:
461:
449:
430:
397:, including the
369:
353:
337:
179:County Roscommon
120:Ultimate La Tène
108:County Roscommon
86:Present location
80:County Roscommon
33:
21:
20:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1245:Anglo-Saxon art
1228:
1223:Margaret Stokes
1179:
1148:
1139:(early 12th c.)
1119:Lismore Crozier
1007:(8th or 9th c.)
1001:(8th or 9th c.)
995:(8th or 9th c.)
885:
849:
840:
816:Insular crozier
779:
774:
744:
703:Murray, Griffin
650:
645:
644:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
604:
599:
595:
590:
583:
575:
564:
559:
555:
542:
533:
521:Kelly, Eamon. "
520:
509:
504:
493:
488:
481:
476:
469:
462:
453:
450:
441:
437:, 8th century,
431:
380:
373:
370:
361:
354:
345:
338:
237:
215:metal detectors
171:
131:Eamonn P. Kelly
77:
59:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Abbey of Kells
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1201:Griffin Murray
1198:
1196:Peter Harbison
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:British Museum
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1133:(late-11th c.)
1128:
1122:
1116:
1115:(c. 1094–1105)
1110:
1109:(late 11th c.)
1104:
1103:(late 11th c.)
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1067:(c. 1001–1011)
1062:
1056:
1050:
1049:(c. 9–11th c.)
1044:
1038:
1032:
1029:Book of Armagh
1026:
1020:
1014:
1011:Domnach Airgid
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
969:Ruthwell Cross
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
939:Ardagh Chalice
936:
930:
924:
918:
915:Book of Durrow
912:
906:
900:
893:
891:
887:
886:
884:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
857:
855:
851:
850:
843:
841:
839:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
785:
781:
780:
773:
772:
765:
758:
750:
743:
742:
728:
714:
700:
683:
669:
651:
649:
646:
643:
642:
638:British Museum
625:
616:
602:
593:
581:
562:
553:
531:
507:
491:
478:
477:
475:
472:
471:
470:
463:
456:
454:
451:
444:
442:
435:Ruthwell Cross
432:
425:
399:Ruthwell Cross
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
364:
362:
355:
348:
346:
339:
332:
236:
233:
170:
167:
163:Kildare Street
98:
97:
94:Kildare Street
87:
83:
82:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1353:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1291:
1288:
1286:
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1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:George Petrie
1215:
1212:
1211:Máire de Paor
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:Cross of Cong
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:Breac Maodhóg
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:Kells Crozier
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:Book of Kells
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
963:Book of Dimma
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:Rogart Brooch
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
894:
892:
888:
882:
881:Triple spiral
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
856:
852:
847:
837:
834:
832:
831:Pictish stone
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:Celtic brooch
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
782:
778:
771:
766:
764:
759:
757:
752:
751:
748:
741:
737:
733:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
712:
708:
704:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:Kelly, Eamonn
653:
652:
639:
635:
629:
620:
611:
609:
607:
597:
588:
586:
578:
573:
571:
569:
567:
557:
550:
546:
540:
538:
536:
528:
524:
518:
516:
514:
512:
502:
500:
498:
496:
486:
484:
479:
468:, c.1100–1125
467:
466:Cross of Cong
460:
455:
448:
443:
440:
436:
429:
424:
423:
422:
420:
419:West Midlands
416:
412:
411:Bischofshofen
408:
404:
403:Dumfriesshire
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
384:Cross of Cong
378:Similar works
368:
363:
359:
352:
347:
343:
336:
331:
330:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
293:
288:
287:and mounts.
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
241:
232:
230:
226:
223:
218:
216:
212:
202:
198:
196:
193:notified the
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:Tully Lough,
75:
71:
67:
63:
57:
53:
50:
46:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1285:Scottish art
1260:Clonmacnoise
1085:(c. 11th c.)
992:
987:Stowe Missal
923:(c. 710-750)
731:
717:
710:
689:
686:Moss, Rachel
672:
658:
628:
619:
596:
579:(1987), p.43
576:
556:
526:
395:high crosses
388:
381:
322:Habakkuk 3:2
307:
289:
277:halved joint
265:copper-alloy
250:
246:
219:
207:
172:
147:
143:high crosses
128:
103:
101:
18:
1326:Insular art
1280:Pictish art
1265:English art
1206:Rachel Moss
1153:Collections
989:(after 792)
921:Tara Brooch
866:Celtic knot
861:Carpet page
791:Bell shrine
777:Insular art
439:Northumbria
407:Anglo-Saxon
235:Description
225:Tom Enright
1305:Categories
1290:Viking art
1250:Celtic art
1059:Corp Naomh
854:Techniques
821:High cross
191:California
155:California
73:Discovered
1331:Irish art
1275:Irish art
1225:(d. 1900)
1219:(d. 1866)
1213:(d. 1994)
1127:(c. 1120)
1121:(c. 1100)
1091:(11th c.)
1079:(11th c.)
1055:(10th c.)
876:Interlace
401:found in
299:interlace
169:Discovery
76:July 1986
1031:(9th c.)
1025:(9th c.)
983:(8th c.)
977:(8th c.)
971:(8th c.)
965:(8th c.)
959:(8th c.)
953:(8th c.)
947:(8th c.)
941:(c. 750)
935:(c. 730)
929:(c. 730)
917:(c. 700)
911:(c. 700)
890:Examples
740:20558250
726:41202729
681:23321597
667:41202729
303:openwork
292:Iron Age
116:Iron Age
96:, Dublin
41:Material
1233:Related
806:Cumdach
648:Sources
295:La Tène
211:Athlone
183:crannog
181:, by a
133:of the
118:Celtic
65:Created
738:
724:
696:
679:
665:
285:bosses
273:silver
269:tinned
784:Types
736:JSTOR
722:JSTOR
677:JSTOR
663:JSTOR
474:Notes
415:relic
253:altar
175:diver
151:Getty
124:amber
49:amber
1270:Iona
694:ISBN
464:The
433:The
393:and
310:kilt
281:gilt
255:and
222:T.D.
141:and
102:The
55:Size
705:. "
636:".
549:RTE
547:".
525:".
261:oak
189:in
153:in
45:Oak
1307::
688:.
605:^
584:^
565:^
534:^
510:^
494:^
482:^
344:.
159:$
145:.
92:,
769:e
762:t
755:v
632:"
543:"
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