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breast development is stymied and the breasts fail to develop normally and fully. The exact cause of this is as yet unclear; however, a study in 2011 of the cells in the breasts of both males and females with tubular breasts suggested a genetic link in a disorder of collagen deposition. The condition
161:
The tuberous breast deformity was first described by Rees and Aston in 1976 following which a method of classifying the severity was developed. The surgical classifications refer to which areas of the breast are affected and is divided into three grades; mainly in the inferomedial quadrant (Grade
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Tuberous breasts are not simply small or underdeveloped breasts. The effect of the condition on the appearance of the breast can range from mild to severe, and typical characteristics include enlarged, puffy
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have specialist training in tuberous breast correction. A less complicated single-stage approach using saline implants can also provide a satisfactory aesthetic result. As tuberous breasts are a
670:
663:
613:
Eisenberg, Ted (2019). "One-Stage
Correction of Tuberous Breast Deformity Using Saline Implants: Without the Need for Radial Scoring or Lowering the Inframammary Fold".
516:"Autologous Fat Grafting with Percutaneous Fasciotomy and Reduction of the Nipple–Areolar Complex for the Correction of Tuberous Breast Deformity in Teenagers"
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Tubular breasts may lead to psychosexual problems with girls in very early puberty being affected psychologically due to the unusual shape of the breast.
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Panchapakesan V, Brown MH (January 2009). "Management of tuberous breast "deformity" with anatomic cohesive silicone gel breast implants".
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The procedure to change the appearance of tuberous breasts can be more complicated than a regular breast augmentation, and some
217:. Depending on the extent of the tuberous breasts, a surgeon will release the constricted tissue and create a new breast fold.
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A pair of tuberous breasts displaying typical characteristics such as minimal breast tissue and enlarged, puffy areola.
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in breastfeeding women. However, other physical aspects of fertility and pregnancy are not affected by the condition.
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Klinger, Marco; Caviggioli, Fabio; Klinger, Francesco; Villani, Federico; Arra, Erseida; Di
Tommaso, Luca (2011).
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patients; however, the proportion of the general population affected is unknown as surgery is not always sought.
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This condition is also known as constricted breasts, tubular breasts, or herniated areolar complexes.
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I); in the two inferior quadrants (Grade II); or affecting the whole breast (Grade III).
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329:"Tuberous breast: Morphological study and overview of a borderline entity"
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The appearance of tuberous breasts can potentially be changed through
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Amir, LH (2006). "Breastfeeding--managing 'supply' difficulties".
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of the breasts which can occur in both men and women (also see
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Gutierrez-Ontalvilla, Patricia; Naidu, Nina S (April 2020).
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178:, unusually wide spacing between the breasts, minimal
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may be recommended as a way of coming to terms with
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396:Rees, S; Aston, S (1976). "The tuberous breast".
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437:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Breast
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149:is thought to affect one to five per cent of
236:. For those seeking non-surgical solutions,
574:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 187–.
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213:method, use of autologous fat grafting and
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434:Gabka, Christian J; Heinz Bohmert (2008).
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377:"Breast Augmentation...on Tubular Breasts"
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689:malformations and deformations of the
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648:Policy for Cosmetic Surgery Referrals
568:Dennis C. Hammond (3 December 2008).
615:American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery
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333:Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery
228:, referral for treatment under the
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571:Atlas of Aesthetic Breast Surgery
262:"Some mothers can't breast-feed"
772:Congenital disorders of breasts
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602:How to Correct Tuberous Breasts
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182:, sagging, higher than normal
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481:Australian Family Physician
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532:10.1007/s00266-019-01531-1
345:10.1177/229255031101900210
190:. The condition can cause
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520:Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
468:Tubular Breast Correction
335:(in English and French).
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186:, and narrow base at the
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18:Tuberous breast deformity
627:10.1177/0748806819841466
232:may be possible in the
230:National Health Service
138:congenital abnormality
283:Aesthetic Plast Surg
226:congenital deformity
136:) are a result of a
777:Implants (medicine)
207:surgical procedures
151:breast augmentation
104:breast augmentation
77:low milk production
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581:978-1-4160-3184-0
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27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
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715:Micromastia
184:breast fold
82:Usual onset
761:Categories
746:Polythelia
710:Polymastia
687:Congenital
553:31 October
453:7 December
382:2010-03-14
248:References
242:body image
238:counseling
188:chest wall
157:Background
142:Hypoplasia
720:Symmastia
635:145932734
548:204942620
493:0300-8495
201:Treatment
120:Frequency
111:Prognosis
100:Treatment
53:Specialty
540:31673737
501:16969436
363:22654530
311:25422938
303:18752021
92:Duration
741:Athelia
705:Amastia
418:1261187
354:3328117
169:Effects
146:puberty
123:unknown
86:puberty
734:Nipple
698:Breast
691:breast
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176:areola
115:benign
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631:S2CID
587:2 May
544:S2CID
307:S2CID
589:2010
576:ISBN
555:2019
536:PMID
497:PMID
489:ISSN
455:2013
442:ISBN
414:PMID
359:PMID
299:PMID
132:(or
95:life
623:doi
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406:doi
349:PMC
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