399:
443:
281:
269:
1546:
2552:: when a word beginning with a high tone is preceded by that high tone, the initial high tone is lost. (That is, there cannot be two adjacent marked high tones in a word, but high tone spreads allophonically to a following non-tonic ("low"-tone) syllable.) There are only a few tone patterns in Venda words (no tone, a single high tone on some syllable, two non-adjacent high tones), which behave as follows:
670:, there are 275,000 Venda speakers. Fewer than 10,000 are spread across the rest of the country—for a total number of Venda speakers in South Africa at 1.2 million people or just 2.2% of South Africa's population, making Venda speakers the second smallest minority language in South Africa, after the
2875:
678:
are not clear but may currently stand at a million. The people are concentrated in the South of the country but also spread to other towns and cities. There is also a significant number of them in neighbouring South Africa where they are
3525:
1623:
1638:
3518:
2540:
falling tone occurs only in sequences of more than one vowel or on the penultimate syllable if the vowel is long. Tone patterns exist independently of the
2850:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
3511:
3332:
2880:
2798:
2510:
sound appears in prenasalised consonant sounds. Labiovelar sounds occur as alternatives to labiopalatal sounds and may also be pronounced
1556:
4414:
3539:
368:
2843:
2735:
2721:
Webb, Vic. 2002. "Language in South Africa: the role of language in national transformation, reconstruction and development."
3325:
2414:
2392:
521:
4476:
2836:
2058:
4471:
2385:
1581:
403:
Geographical distribution of
Tshivenda in South Africa: proportion of the population that speaks Tshivenda at home.
2870:
2825:
Project to translate Free and Open Source
Software into all the official languages of South Africa, including Venda
2289:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
3503:
2262:
511:
4481:
3318:
2016:
1771:
2357:
2221:
307:
325:
4295:
3095:
3065:
2483:
2330:
2273:
2251:
2179:
663:
651:
126:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2103:
1011:
4371:
3285:
2305:
2037:
1778:
1750:
2929:
2405:
2214:
2172:
2097:
2051:
2009:
1919:
1792:
647:
146:
2818:
724:
4307:
4301:
4259:
3430:
3390:
3115:
2974:
2859:
2341:
2319:
2296:
2200:
1690:
671:
659:
655:
592:
447:
Geographical distribution of
Tshivenda in South Africa: density of Tshivenda home-language speakers.
387:
136:
120:
17:
3011:
2920:
1927:
1757:
382:
398:
4466:
3586:
3405:
2937:
2897:
2788:
2193:
2158:
242:
3562:
2030:
1995:
1838:
442:
4417:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
2652:
Initial high tone spreads. With an immediately preceding high tone, that initial tone is lost.
2621:
The pitch peaks on the tonic syllable, and a preceding non-adjacent high tone merges into it.
718:. Five vowel letters are used to write seven vowels. The letters C, J and Q are used only for
4405:
3855:
3341:
3260:
2910:
2445:
2186:
1942:
1910:
1816:
3290:
2228:
2023:
1955:
674:, which number 1.1 million speakers. The population statistics of the Venda people in
8:
4289:
3743:
3737:
3627:
3492:
3161:
3110:
2140:
2116:
2083:
2065:
1935:
1563:
4182:
3592:
3355:
2549:
1962:
1828:
1811:
1661:
2587:
Unmarked (low) tone is raised after a high tone. That is, the preceding tone spreads.
358:
3849:
3151:
3105:
3090:
1850:
1833:
1601:
700:
233:
2758:
Netshisaulu N.C & Nyoni A. 2021. Tshivenḓa Tsho
Vhibvaho. World wide Publishers
517:
4130:
3978:
3942:
3901:
3837:
3819:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3749:
3685:
3621:
3574:
3487:
3477:
3380:
3370:
2424:
2109:
1823:
1654:
696:
616:
3533:
4336:
4330:
4283:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4112:
4106:
4049:
4037:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3913:
3907:
3895:
3861:
3761:
3755:
3673:
3535:
3472:
3415:
3410:
3203:
3177:
3141:
3120:
3019:
2966:
2953:
2822:
2772:
1904:
1845:
712:
620:
588:
151:
112:
4398:
4377:
4365:
4342:
4277:
4271:
4253:
4241:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4118:
4100:
4094:
4043:
3954:
3948:
3925:
3831:
3825:
3784:
3679:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3604:
3598:
3580:
3568:
3482:
3446:
3425:
3400:
3395:
3375:
3360:
3275:
3265:
3237:
3172:
3166:
3146:
3085:
3080:
2990:
2982:
2945:
692:
680:
217:
156:
2700:
4460:
4348:
4324:
4247:
4066:
3843:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3456:
3451:
3365:
3125:
3100:
2998:
2348:
2280:
2207:
2165:
2090:
2044:
2002:
1969:
1694:
1686:
719:
229:
2828:
4265:
4124:
3919:
3778:
3385:
1668:
636:
612:
608:
600:
286:
249:
224:
87:
55:
342:
3229:
2792:
2371:
1744:
1732:
1672:
131:
102:
3310:
2705:
1786:
1737:
64:
3243:
2905:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2515:
2240:
1984:
1765:
628:
624:
351:
335:
317:
299:
2604:
A preceding high tone spreads but drops before the final high tone.
3270:
3208:
1710:
1679:
675:
596:
529:
274:
59:
2876:
Commission for
Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Community Rights
3889:
1979:
1497:
708:
667:
604:
525:
141:
77:
2803:
4422:
Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
3280:
3198:
1721:
There are five vowel sounds and two high vowels in
Tshivenḓa.
1622:
643:
3295:
3156:
632:
3182:
2815:
646:, Venda speakers are concentrated in the following areas:
528:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1637:
1108:
is syllabic , when the following syllable begins with
695:
with five additional accented letters. There are four
662:, with 89,000 people. The total number of speakers in
1528:Ṱ U+1E70 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW
1522:Ṋ U+1E4A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW
1510:Ḽ U+1E3C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW
1504:Ḓ U+1E12 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW
603:(or Vhavenḓa) in the northern part of South Africa's
1128:
is syllabic when the following syllable begins with
1531:ṱ U+1E71 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW
1525:ṋ U+1E4B LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW
1513:ḽ U+1E3D LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW
1507:ḓ U+1E13 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW
2654:(The preceding tone also spreads but not as far.)
2740:
4458:
1516:Ṅ U+1E44 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE
3519:
3326:
2858:
2844:
2536:, with unmarked syllables having a low tone.
1535:
1519:ṅ U+1E45 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE
4446:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
4441:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
4436:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
4431:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
4426:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
40:
27:Bantu language of South Africa and Zimbabwe
3526:
3512:
3333:
3319:
2851:
2837:
635:was set up to cover the Venda speakers of
441:
397:
3340:
2522:occurs after nasal prefixes, likely to .
1725:Two high vowels in Tshivenḓa are e and o
1582:Learn how and when to remove this message
2723:Impact: Studies in language and society,
1636:
1621:
1609:, is also used for the Venda language.
615:. The Tshivenda language is related to
522:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
4459:
2770:
2746:
2728:
3507:
3314:
2832:
2544:and vowels of a word and so they are
1808:
1553:This section may contain information
1496:The extra letters have the following
1701:are aspirated and the "plain" stops
1689:). There are no clicks. As in other
1539:
2804:Young kasahorow Dictionary in Venda
24:
4404:Languages between parentheses are
2694:
25:
4493:
2782:
2482:
2444:
2413:
2404:
2391:
2384:
2356:
2347:
2340:
2329:
2318:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2272:
2261:
2250:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2139:
2115:
2108:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1909:
1791:
1777:
1770:
1756:
1749:
686:
593:official language of South Africa
2871:Pan South African Language Board
1605:, known technically in Venda as
1544:
666:currently stands at 844,000. In
279:
267:
2736:New Updated Guthrie List Online
4408:of the language on their left.
2881:Department of Arts and Culture
2774:A Linguistic Analysis of Venda
2752:
2715:
99:1.3 million (2011 census)
13:
1:
2799:PanAfrican L10n page on Venda
2688:
1801:
599:. It is mainly spoken by the
2530:Venda has a specified tone,
1648:
691:The Venda language uses the
652:Thulamela Local Municipality
7:
2809:
1685:(the last two are slightly
10:
4498:
2764:
2548:. Venda tone also follows
1607:Luṱhofunḓeraru lwa Mibvumo
1536:Luṱhofunḓeraru lwa Mibvumo
1491:
658:, with 35,000 people; and
648:Makhado Local Municipality
4477:Languages of South Africa
4390:
4357:
4316:
4233:
4156:
4139:
4086:
4079:
4058:
4029:
3934:
3881:
3874:
3811:
3770:
3729:
3722:
3665:
3636:
3613:
3554:
3547:
3465:
3439:
3348:
3253:
3228:
3221:
3191:
3134:
3073:
3058:
3031:
3010:
2965:
2928:
2919:
2896:
2889:
2866:
2860:Languages of South Africa
2651:
2620:
2423:
2370:
2239:
1978:
1903:
1849:
1844:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1790:
1716:
1559:to the article's subject.
660:Mutale Local Municipality
656:Musina Local Municipality
627:era of South Africa, the
567:
556:
545:
540:
508:
440:
396:
381:
365:
349:
333:
315:
297:
292:
262:Official language in
260:
255:
239:
214:
184:
109:
93:
83:
73:
48:
39:
34:
4472:Southern Bantu languages
2734:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
2525:
392:99-AUT-baa to 99-AUT-bad
2821:14 January 2007 at the
2789:Tshivenḓa Grammar Guide
2771:Poulos, George (1990).
2711:(subscription required)
1691:South African languages
923:Similar to English "j"
654:, with 370,000 people;
650:, with 350,000 people;
4415:Guthrie classification
3540:Guthrie classification
2791:by Zach Gershkoff, US
1641:
1626:
642:According to the 2011
510:This article contains
105:in South Africa (2002)
41:
4482:Languages of Zimbabwe
3342:Languages of Zimbabwe
3261:Tsotsitaal and Camtho
1640:
1625:
1557:important or relevant
607:, as well as by some
3440:Unofficial languages
3061:unofficial languages
2506:A labiodental nasal
1667:as well as (like in
1653:Venda distinguishes
1564:improve this section
617:the Kalanga language
495: 1000–3000 /km²
3628:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
3466:Immigrant languages
1726:
999:Pronounced before
727:
726:The Venda alphabet
619:which is spoken in
501: >3000 /km²
489: 300–1000 /km²
4260:(Northern) Ndebele
3356:Zimbabwean English
3349:Official languages
2940:(Sesotho sa Leboa)
1724:
1642:
1627:
1600:Isibheqe Sohlamvu/
893:Varies by dialect
725:
703:below the letter (
483: 100–300 /km²
4454:
4453:
4399:extinct languages
4386:
4385:
4075:
4074:
4044:North-West Herero
3870:
3869:
3718:
3717:
3501:
3500:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3217:
3216:
3066:1996 constitution
3054:
3053:
3050:
3049:
2975:Southern Ndebele
2709:(18th ed., 2015)
2686:
2685:
2504:
2503:
2469:
2431:
2315:
2247:
2154:
2079:
1991:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1799:
1798:
1646:
1645:
1602:Ditema tsa Dinoko
1592:
1591:
1584:
1489:
1488:
839:
838:
701:circumflex accent
697:dental consonants
578:
577:
536:
535:
518:rendering support
514:phonetic symbols.
477: 30–100 /km²
234:Ditema tsa Dinoko
101:1.7 million
16:(Redirected from
4489:
4308:Sumayela Ndebele
4084:
4083:
4021:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
3879:
3878:
3727:
3726:
3552:
3551:
3538:(Zones N–S) (by
3528:
3521:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3286:SA Sign Language
3226:
3225:
3116:Northern Ndebele
3071:
3070:
3063:mentioned in the
2926:
2925:
2894:
2893:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2816:Translate.org.za
2778:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2698:
2555:
2554:
2535:
2534:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2486:
2467:
2448:
2429:
2417:
2408:
2395:
2388:
2360:
2351:
2344:
2333:
2322:
2313:
2308:
2299:
2292:
2283:
2276:
2265:
2254:
2245:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1913:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1781:
1774:
1760:
1753:
1727:
1723:
1612:
1611:
1587:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1013:
841:
840:
728:
672:Ndebele language
668:Gauteng province
605:Limpopo province
591:language and an
538:
537:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
471: 10–30 /km²
470:
464:
458:
453: <1 /km²
452:
445:
432:
426:
420:
414:
408:
401:
377:
371:
361:
345:
338:
329:
328:
320:
311:
310:
302:
285:
283:
282:
273:
271:
270:
245:
227:(Venda alphabet)
220:
147:Southern Bantoid
115:
44:
32:
31:
21:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4382:
4353:
4312:
4229:
4152:
4135:
4071:
4054:
4050:Botswana Herero
4025:
3930:
3866:
3856:Lomwe of Malawi
3807:
3766:
3714:
3661:
3632:
3609:
3605:Ngoni of Malawi
3543:
3536:Bantu languages
3532:
3502:
3497:
3461:
3435:
3344:
3339:
3309:
3300:
3249:
3213:
3187:
3130:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3046:
3027:
3006:
2961:
2946:Southern Sotho
2938:Northern Sotho
2915:
2885:
2862:
2857:
2823:Wayback Machine
2812:
2785:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2653:
2550:Meeussen's rule
2532:
2531:
2528:
1983:
1840:
1837:
1818:
1804:
1719:
1651:
1598:writing system
1588:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1494:
1428:Similar to the
847:value(s) in IPA
689:
681:migrant workers
664:Vhembe district
621:Southern Africa
516:Without proper
504:
503:
502:
498:
496:
492:
490:
486:
484:
480:
478:
474:
472:
468:
466:
465: 3–10 /km²
462:
460:
456:
454:
450:
436:
435:
434:
430:
428:
424:
422:
418:
416:
412:
410:
406:
391:
390:incl. varieties
375:
372:
367:
357:
341:
334:
324:
323:
316:
306:
305:
298:
280:
278:
277:
268:
266:
263:
256:Official status
246:
241:
232:
228:
221:
216:
180:
116:
113:Language family
111:
100:
96:
95:Native speakers
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4495:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4467:Venda language
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4402:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4090:
4088:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3885:
3883:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
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1658:ṱ, ṱh, ḓ, ṋ, ḽ
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693:Latin alphabet
688:
687:Writing system
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520:, you may see
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293:Language codes
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157:Southern Bantu
127:Atlantic–Congo
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9:
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3431:Zimbabwe Sign
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2898:West Germanic
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2777:. Via Afrika.
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2747:Poulos (1990)
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2520:/ɸβsʃxhl̪lrw/
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2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1586:
1583:
1575:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
986:
984:
982:
979:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
966:
964:
962:
959:
958:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
943:
941:
939:
936:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
922:
920:
917:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
904:
902:
900:
897:
896:
892:
889:
886:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
873:
871:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
843:
842:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
729:
723:
721:
720:foreign words
717:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
684:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:. During the
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
573:
570:
566:
562:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
539:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
513:
507:
444:
439:
433: 80–100%
400:
395:
389:
386:
384:
380:
374:
370:
364:
360:
356:
354:
353:
348:
344:
340:
337:
332:
327:
322:
319:
314:
309:
304:
301:
296:
291:
288:
276:
265:
259:
254:
251:
248:
244:
238:
235:
231:
230:Venda Braille
226:
223:
219:
213:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
187:
183:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
122:
118:
114:
108:
104:
98:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
66:
63:
61:
57:
54:
53:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4394:
4147:
3420:
3242:
3169:(historical)
3040:
3038:
3021:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2977:(isiNdebele)
2976:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2930:Sotho–Tswana
2773:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2704:
2696:
2529:
2512:/pkʰpkʼbɡmŋ/
2505:
1720:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1682:
1675:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1630:
1615:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1578:
1569:
1562:Please help
1554:
1495:
1461:
1450:
1433:
1432:in Scottish
1429:
1421:
1410:
1390:
1379:
1359:
1285:
1256:
1245:
1207:
1195:
1175:
1164:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1086:
1075:
1046:
1039:
1038:In the word
1031:
1020:
1000:
991:
980:
960:
948:
937:
898:
867:
855:
715:
704:
690:
641:
637:South Africa
613:South Africa
609:Lemba people
601:Venda people
584:
580:
579:
571:
560:
549:
509:
427: 60–80%
421: 40–60%
415: 20–40%
383:Linguasphere
369:Guthrie code
350:
287:South Africa
250:Signed Venda
243:Signed forms
208:Tavha-Tsindi
161:
56:South Africa
29:
3710:Sena-Malawi
3291:Angloromani
3230:LGBTQ slang
3041:(Tshivenḓa)
2793:Peace Corps
2372:Approximant
1673:labiodental
722:and names.
524:instead of
409: 0–20%
376:S.20 (S.21)
137:Benue–Congo
132:Volta-Congo
121:Niger–Congo
103:L2 speakers
4461:Categories
4290:Nhlangwini
4266:Old Mfengu
4207:Phalaborwa
4003:Dombondola
3738:Ndengereko
3493:Portuguese
3162:Portuguese
3111:Nhlangwini
3074:Indigenous
3059:Recognised
3022:(Xitsonga)
3012:Tswa–Ronga
2993:(isiXhosa)
2956:(Setswana)
2706:Ethnologue
2689:References
2682:khókhò:lá
2635:pháphâ:nà
2546:word tones
2542:consonants
1802:Consonants
1618:"divorce"
1040:Jerusalema
705:ḓ, ḽ, ṋ, ṱ
65:Mozambique
4406:varieties
4397:indicate
4183:Khalaxadi
4015:Kwaluudhi
3991:Ndongwena
3961:Ngandyera
3593:Ndendeule
3244:IsiNgqumo
3192:Religious
3001:(isiZulu)
2985:(siSwati)
2948:(Sesotho)
2906:Afrikaans
2701:TshiVenda
2679:khókhô:lá
2673:khokhola
2649:mâ:dzhìè
2632:phàphá:ná
2626:phaphama
2584:thámâ:nà
2516:Fortition
2246:voiceless
2241:Fricative
2078:aspirated
1985:Affricate
1649:Phonology
1572:July 2017
844:letter(s)
707:) and an
629:Bantustan
625:apartheid
585:Tshivenḓa
352:Glottolog
336:ISO 639-3
318:ISO 639-2
300:ISO 639-1
162:TshiVenda
84:Ethnicity
42:Tshivenḓa
35:TshiVenda
18:TshiVenda
4095:Korekore
3985:Mbalanhu
3943:Kwanyama
3657:Manganja
3366:Chibarwe
3271:Fanagalo
3209:Sanskrit
3152:Gujarati
2890:Official
2819:Archived
2810:Software
2668:dákà:lò
2646:má:dzhíè
2640:madzhie
2618:dánâ:nà
2601:dúkâ:ná
2581:thàmà:nà
2575:thamana
2538:Phonetic
1990:ejective
1841:alveolar
1829:Alveolar
1812:Bilabial
1711:ejective
1703:p, ṱ, t,
1680:bilabial
1662:alveolar
1500:names:
676:Zimbabwe
597:Zimbabwe
568:Language
530:Help:IPA
388:99-AUT-b
359:vend1245
275:Zimbabwe
185:Dialects
60:Zimbabwe
4395:Italics
4349:Hlengwe
4131:Kalanga
4119:Karanga
4107:Manyika
3997:Kwankwa
3979:Mbandja
3902:Nyaneka
3890:Umbundu
3791:Makonde
3750:Matumbi
3686:Nyungwe
3622:Tumbuka
3575:Matengo
3534:Narrow
3488:Chinese
3478:Punjabi
3391:Ndebele
3371:Kalanga
3135:Foreign
3091:Khoisan
3020:Tsonga
2954:Tswana
2911:English
2795:(2012).
2765:Sources
2665:dáká:lò
2659:dakalo
2615:dàná:nà
2609:danana
2598:dùkà:ná
2592:dukana
2567:After H
2564:After L
2561:Pattern
1980:Plosive
1851:Glottal
1834:Palatal
1687:rounded
1498:Unicode
1492:Unicode
709:overdot
699:with a
526:Unicode
196:Lembetu
193:Ilafuri
142:Bantoid
78:Limpopo
4376:[S611
4347:[S511
4337:Tsonga
4331:Gwamba
4284:Phuthi
4264:[S401
4225:Pulana
4213:Kutswe
4205:[S301
4195:Lobedu
4177:Ngwatu
4171:Kgatla
4165:Tswana
4101:Zezuru
4080:Zone S
4042:[R311
4038:Herero
4009:Esinga
3967:Kafima
3965:[R211
3955:Kwambi
3949:Ndonga
3914:Kuvale
3912:[R101
3908:Khumbi
3896:Ndombe
3875:Zone R
3862:Moniga
3850:Sakati
3842:[P311
3803:Mabiha
3797:Ndonde
3762:Mbunga
3756:Ngindo
3723:Zone P
3708:[N441
3674:Nsenga
3645:Nyanja
3626:[N201
3591:[N101
3548:Zone N
3473:French
3416:Tswana
3411:Tsonga
3381:Nambya
3376:Koisan
3281:Scamto
3204:Hebrew
3199:Arabic
3178:Telugu
3142:German
3121:Phuthi
3039:Venda
2991:Xhosa
2983:Swazi
2676:H.–.H
2662:H.–.–
2629:–.H.–
2612:–.H.–
2595:–.–.H
2578:–.–.–
2570:Notes
2430:voiced
2425:Rhotic
2314:voiced
2153:voiced
1824:Dental
1819:dental
1817:Labio-
1717:Vowels
1683:fh, vh
1655:dental
850:notes
644:census
557:People
546:Person
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
431:
425:
419:
413:
407:
284:
272:
202:Mbedzi
74:Region
4378:Lenge
4372:Tonga
4343:Ronga
4306:S408
4300:S407
4294:S406
4288:S405
4282:S404
4278:Hlubi
4276:S403
4272:Bhaca
4270:S402
4254:Swati
4242:Xhosa
4223:S304
4217:S303
4211:S302
4201:Sotho
4193:S32b
4187:S32a
4181:S31d
4175:S31c
4169:S31b
4163:S31a
4148:Venda
4111:S13b
4105:S13a
4048:R312
4019:R242
4013:R241
4007:R218
4001:R217
3995:R216
3989:R215
3983:R214
3977:R213
3973:Evale
3971:R212
3926:Mbali
3924:R103
3920:Kwisi
3918:R102
3860:P341
3854:P331
3848:P312
3838:Cuabo
3832:Ngulu
3826:Lomwe
3820:Makua
3785:Mwera
3744:Ruihi
3704:Podzo
3680:Kunda
3655:N31c
3649:N31b
3643:N31a
3603:N121
3599:Nindi
3597:N102
3587:Tonga
3581:Mpoto
3569:Ngoni
3563:Manda
3483:Hindi
3447:Kunda
3426:Xhosa
3421:Venda
3406:Tonga
3401:Sotho
3396:Shona
3361:Chewa
3296:Kaaps
3254:Other
3238:Gayle
3222:Other
3173:Tamil
3167:Malay
3157:Hindi
3147:Greek
3081:Bhaca
3032:Venda
2999:Zulu
2967:Nguni
2725:14:78
2526:Tones
1905:Nasal
1893:plain
1873:plain
1858:plain
1846:Velar
1839:Post-
1745:Close
1733:Front
1693:like
1678:from
1660:from
1596:sintu
799:(Q q)
765:(J j)
737:(C c)
713:velar
633:Venda
589:Bantu
587:is a
581:Venḓa
574:venda
563:venda
552:venda
541:Venda
225:Latin
205:Phani
199:Manda
190:Guvhu
152:Bantu
88:Venda
4413:The
4370:S62
4366:Copi
4364:S61
4341:S54
4335:S53
4329:S52
4325:Tswa
4323:S51
4296:Lala
4258:S44
4252:S43
4248:Zulu
4246:S42
4240:S41
4199:S33
4189:Pedi
4146:S21
4129:S16
4125:Ndau
4123:S15
4117:S14
4113:Tebe
4099:S12
4093:S11
4065:R41
4036:R31
3959:R24
3953:R23
3947:R22
3941:R21
3906:R14
3900:R13
3894:R12
3888:R11
3844:Koti
3836:P34
3830:P33
3824:P32
3818:P31
3801:P25
3795:P24
3789:P23
3783:P22
3777:P21
3760:P15
3754:P14
3748:P13
3742:P12
3736:P11
3702:N46
3696:N45
3692:Sena
3690:N44
3684:N43
3678:N42
3672:N41
3651:Cewa
3620:N21
3585:N15
3579:N14
3573:N13
3567:N12
3561:N11
3457:Lozi
3452:Tswa
3386:Ndau
3183:Urdu
3106:Nama
3101:Lozi
3096:Lala
3086:Khoe
2643:H.–
2558:Word
2533:HIGH
2468:flap
2128:tsʷʰ
2104:p̪fʰ
2045:tsʷʼ
2017:p̪fʼ
1898:lab.
1888:pal.
1883:lab.
1878:sib.
1868:pal.
1863:lab.
1787:Open
1738:Back
1709:are
1705:and
1695:Zulu
1676:f, v
1631:tala
1616:ṱala
1594:The
1555:not
1434:loch
1332:tsh
1314:thsh
711:for
595:and
572:Tshi
58:and
4358:S60
4317:S50
4234:S40
4219:Pai
4157:S30
4140:S20
4087:S10
4067:Yei
4059:R40
4030:R30
3935:R20
3882:R10
3812:P30
3779:Yao
3771:P20
3730:P10
3698:Rue
3666:N40
3637:N30
3614:N20
3555:N10
3126:Tuu
2703:at
2518:of
2508:/ɱ/
2208:dzʷ
2180:b̪v
2135:tʃʰ
2123:tsʰ
2110:t̪ʰ
2098:pʲʰ
2091:pʷʰ
2059:tʃʼ
2052:tʲʼ
2038:tsʼ
2024:t̪ʼ
2010:pʲʼ
2003:pʷʼ
1766:Mid
1669:Ewe
1341:tsw
1323:ts
1305:ths
1236:pfh
1066:khw
928:dzw
918:dzh
890:or
833:Z z
830:Y y
827:X x
824:W w
821:V v
818:U u
815:Ṱ ṱ
808:T t
805:S s
802:R r
796:P p
793:O o
790:Ṅ ṅ
787:Ṋ ṋ
780:N n
777:M m
774:Ḽ ḽ
771:L l
768:K k
762:I i
759:H h
752:G g
749:F f
746:E e
743:Ḓ ḓ
740:D d
734:B b
731:A a
631:of
611:in
583:or
561:Vha
512:IPA
343:ven
326:ven
4463::
2514:.
2386:l̪
2349:zʷ
2281:sʷ
2222:dʒ
2215:dʲ
2201:dz
2187:d̪
2173:bʲ
2166:bʷ
2141:kʰ
2117:tʰ
2084:pʰ
2066:kʼ
2031:tʼ
1996:pʼ
1970:ŋʷ
1936:n̪
1931:)
1920:mʲ
1713:.
1697:,
1671:)
1481:zw
1472:zh
1441:xw
1436:.
1430:ch
1401:vh
1370:ṱh
1350:ty
1296:th
1276:sw
1267:sh
1227:pf
1218:ph
1200:,
1186:ṅw
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