135:
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1021:(12 May 2017) "Perhaps the most contemporary and creative African script is known as Ditema Tsa Dinoko (Isibheqe Sohlamvu in Zulu). This script can be used to write any Southern Bantu language, such as Sesotho, Zulu, and Tswana. The Southern Bantu languages are found in South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. Created within the past three years by linguists, programmers, and designers, this special writing system is inspired by traditional litema art of Lesotho." See also e.g.:
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25:
402:
331:
arts style. It was developed between 2014 and 2016 by a group of South
African linguists and software programmers with the goal of creating a denser writing system to avoid the slowness in reading caused by the word length and visual homogeneity of
550:
662:) are composed of one or more graphemes. At least one of these indicates the place and manner of articulation. If more than one such consonant grapheme is superimposed, this represents a co-articulation, e.g. an
622:
576:
469:
The construction of the syllables of three words in different languages: <Xilo> "thing" in
Xitsonga, <Vhathu> "people" in Tshivenḓa, <Ho tlêtse> "It is full" in Sesotho.
642:
828:
899:
In languages that distinguish between breathy voiced and modal nasals/trills, the voicing line indicates breathy voice when occurring with these consonant graphemes.
1093:
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231:
46:
39:
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1236:
2182:
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2152:
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2167:
1014:
877:, or the voicing line, running from the apex of the triangle to the base (or until inline with the ends of the chevron), indicates consonant
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816:
space as circles. They are distinguished from each other with lines inside them that operate according to the same principles as above.
3910:
801:
are spelled by placing both the corresponding stop and fricative graphemes in the triangle. Onset clusters use the same technique.
408:
in a stylized script, read left-to-right. The three syllables of first word are clustered, with the third syllable on the bottom
89:
3100:
61:
4980:
1229:
3549:
932:, with the prenasalised clicks (e.g. <nkq>) requiring the addition of a solid dot (glottalisation), in which case the
2986:
1298:
1045:
68:
1522:
789:
are represented as circles at the apex of the triangle. Lines inside the circles distinguish the nasals from each other.
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traditions of the
Southern African region. Its visual appearance is inspired by these, including the traditional
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364:
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57:
3648:
3173:
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of the syllable or its mode of articulation. Syllabic nasals are represented as circles that fill the whole
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2001:
1517:
1293:
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Syllabic laterals and trills are represented with duplication of the ordinary lateral and trill graphemes.
227:
223:
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4818:
3498:
3493:
3188:
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1612:
1303:
1023:
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387:, are not official languages. Orthographic support for these languages is for instance evidenced in the
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2018:
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1549:
893:
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The Ditema / Isibheqe syllabary has the capacity to represent the full phonological range of these
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323:, and by various other names in different languages. It was developed in the 2010s from antecedent
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1677:
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being the latter arrangement, one line bisecting the other at its centrepoint without crossing it.
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written in the Roman alphabet. As of 2023, no proposal has been made to encode the script in
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grapheme, which is a solid dot outside the triangle separated from the apex, as in the word
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as the place of articulation is given by them and need not be marked in the nasal grapheme.
340:, the text encoding standard designed to support all of the world's major writing systems.
8:
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are represented with two lines either parallel or at a right angle to each other, with a
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consonant or, in the case of languages where there are no implosives, a modal consonant.
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541:, and is mostly used for foreign words to represent a standalone consonant, often as a
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The apex of the triangle or chevron corresponds to vowel height or frontedness, with
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of sintu languages, and they also can combine with the articulatory mode graphemes.
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There is an eighth "vowel" represented by the downward facing chevron, which is an
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For unvoiced consonants, a solid dot within the triangle indicates a glottalised (
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These graphemes can combine with each other in an order in accordance with the
770:
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372:
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284:
170:
3225:
1202:
981:"Isibheqe Sohlamvu: An Indigenous Writing System for Southern Bantu Languages"
670:. Other overlaid dots and strokes indicate articulatory mode, whether that be
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1841:
736:
are two lines across the triangle from side to side, parallel to each other.
401:
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1991:
1954:
1909:
1894:
1869:
1789:
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1702:
1406:
687:
564:
395:
368:
324:
909:. These occur with other consonant graphemes, and are distinct from the
641:
3718:
3693:
3261:
2704:
2194:
2189:
2045:
1986:
1627:
1156:
749:
575:
568:
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192:
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3617:
3313:
3280:
3115:
3006:
2555:
2283:
2199:
1924:
913:/m/ that occurs on its own. No additional lines need be added to the
857:
856:
For voiced consonants the solid dot inside the triangle indicates an
798:
776:
679:
663:
560:
426:
418:
260:
155:
3723:
838:
24:
3745:
3708:
3703:
3583:
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3385:
3144:
3029:
2920:
2662:
2550:
2500:
2371:
1884:
1687:
1647:
1428:
1421:
1272:
756:
693:
The position of the consonant graphemes largely corresponds to the
683:
499:
422:
391:
257:
219:
152:
3765:
1177:
905:
are marked with an open circle at the apex of the triangle called
3852:
3359:
3230:
3120:
3095:
2981:
2818:
2672:
2647:
2416:
2323:
1971:
1585:
1396:
434:
337:
288:
272:
245:
1112:
Unicode, Inc. 8 September 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023. p. 6.
755:
Their straight line counterparts in the same positions indicate
4853:
2597:
2409:
2328:
2273:
1981:
1652:
1110:"Update on Usage and Implementation Status of African Scripts."
671:
545:, which does not occur in siNtu languages having CV phonology.
498:
indicates the quality of the vowel for each of the seven vowel
328:
188:
429:
for consonant and vowel sounds combined into syllable blocks (
3220:
3215:
3065:
2848:
2749:
2436:
1347:
666:(formed of superimposed stop and fricative graphemes), or an
487:
or syllable block, as the nucleus of each syllable, with the
3698:
3593:
1208:
1127:
958:
827:
371:. This includes languages that are unstandardised in the
845:
There are three graphemic markers of articulatory mode:
714:
are across the middle of the triangle from side to side.
740:
The shape of the consonant grapheme corresponds to the
491:
or consonant graphemes positioned in and around them.
218:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
986:. linguistics.org.za. 22 June 2015. Archived from
5079:
708:are positioned outside the triangle at the apex.
441:, these symbols are formed from a triangular or
232:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
16:Writing system for some Southern Bantu languages
437:. When the syllable being represented is not a
1203:Ditema (Ditema tsa Dinoko / Isibheqe Sohlamvu)
957:. isibheqe.org. 23 August 2015. Archived from
3837:
1230:
1244:
1121:
1115:
1043:
421:, as each freestanding symbol represents a
3844:
3830:
1237:
1223:
1078:South African Journal of African Languages
812:are unique in that they occupy the entire
1046:"Indigenous alphabet on the cards for SA"
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1071:"Reading and the orthography of isiZulu"
837:
640:
620:
591:
463:
453:or consonant graphemes representing the
400:
319:). It is also known by its IsiZulu name
884:If the voicing line occurs as the only
853:) consonant or a modal click consonant.
379:(Sepulana, Sekutswe and Hipai), or the
248:for "Ditema syllabary"), also known as
5080:
867:in the case of voiced consonants, and
563:/a/ pointing downwards. Likewise, the
45:Please improve this article by adding
4981:American Printing House for the Blind
4757:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
4409:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
3825:
3615:
3570:
3463:
3142:
3027:
2369:
1583:
1345:
1328:
1218:
1124:"Isibheqe Sohlamvu/Ditema tsa Dinoko"
730:are outside the triangle on one side.
581:Vowel nasality is indicated with the
559:/i/ and /u/ pointing upwards and the
3464:
1068:
871:in the case of voiceless consonants.
833:
783:fricatives are represented as loops.
567:/ɛ/ and /e/ point leftwards and the
222:. For the distinction between ,
18:
3851:
1044:van Niekerk, Garreth (2016-02-08).
515:, the downward facing triangle: /a/
449:of the syllable, with the attached
13:
3571:
527:The rightward facing triangle: /ɔ/
14:
5134:
1196:
863:The absence of the dot indicates
795:are a bottomless hourglass shape.
533:The rightward facing chevron: /o/
524:The leftward facing triangle: /ɛ/
509:, the upward facing triangle: /i/
398:— a feature of Tekela languages.
1099:from the original on 2020-08-03.
1058:from the original on 2021-07-14.
826:
574:
548:
530:The leftward facing chevron: /e/
521:, the upward facing chevron: /u/
133:
23:
3616:
383:, which, with the exception of
367:groups) consistently under one
214:International Phonetic Alphabet
1310:Languages by writing system /
1180:. isibheqe.org. 23 August 2015
1170:
1141:
1126:. isibheqe.org. Archived from
1103:
1062:
1037:
1005:
973:
947:
571:/ɔ/ and /o/ point rightwards.
412:
1:
4749:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
4705:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
3143:
3028:
2370:
1090:10.1080/02572117.2015.1113000
940:
653:
47:secondary or tertiary sources
4960:National Braille Association
4939:Braille Institute of America
4657:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
1584:
690:, or a combination thereof.
207: This article contains
7:
4840:Refreshable braille display
4819:Optical braille recognition
4416:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
3948:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
3091:New Epoch Notation Painting
433:), in a similar fashion to
10:
5139:
4907:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
1346:
917:when it occurs with other
445:grapheme representing the
254:constructed writing system
5093:Syllabary writing systems
5088:Writing systems of Africa
5039:
4990:
4930:
4863:
4773:
4719:
4682:
4643:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
4622:
4603:
4584:
4489:
4395:
4356:
4283:
4210:
3909:
3902:
3863:
3821:
3624:
3611:
3579:
3566:
3517:
3476:
3472:
3459:
3435:
3399:
3373:
3322:
3279:
3244:
3164:
3157:Chinese family of scripts
3155:
3151:
3138:
3036:
3023:
2974:
2382:
2378:
2365:
2227:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
2214:
1862:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1579:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1312:by first written accounts
1281:
1260:
1256:
1051:City Press (South Africa)
483:) form the basis of each
474:
417:The script operates as a
205:
181:
176:
162:
147:
132:
123:
4630:Chinese semi-syllabaries
3893:Unicode braille patterns
3879:International uniformity
2334:Thomas Natural Shorthand
936:denotes prenasalisation.
894:voiced glottal fricative
779:whistled consonants and
334:Southern Bantu languages
269:Southern Bantu languages
142:written in the syllabary
4967:Blindness organizations
4946:Braille Without Borders
4735:Canadian currency marks
4357:Egyptian lineage family
3540:Southwest Paleohispanic
903:Prenasalised consonants
210:phonetic transcriptions
4284:Russian lineage family
3684:Great Lakes Algonquian
2593:Greco-Iberian alphabet
2526:Gabelsberger shorthand
1469:Inscriptional Parthian
842:
748:Curved lines indicate
742:manner of articulation
646:
626:
596:
494:The direction of each
471:
409:
34:relies excessively on
5048:Accessible publishing
4974:Schools for the blind
4953:Japan Braille Library
4742:Computer Braille Code
4396:Indian lineage family
3776:Old Persian cuneiform
2643:Carolingian minuscule
1449:Ancient North Arabian
1122:isibheqe.org (2015).
1069:Land, Sandra (2015).
930:nasal click consonant
841:
695:place of articulation
644:
624:
595:
479:The vowel graphemes (
467:
404:
4812:Mountbatten Brailler
4167:(largely reassigned)
3950:(largely reassigned)
3499:Southeastern Iberian
3494:Northeastern Iberian
1392:Egyptian hieroglyphs
377:East Sotho languages
5098:Constructed scripts
4764:Nemeth braille code
4550:(reassigned vowels)
4075:(extended to 8-dot)
3649:Canadian Aboriginal
3535:Khitan small script
3257:Khitan large script
2447:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
1024:"Isibheqe cabinets"
808:Syllabic nasals or
461:or syllable block.
58:"Ditema tsa Dinoko"
4798:Braille translator
4775:Braille technology
4751:(science; GS8/GS6)
4720:Symbols in braille
4650:Taiwanese Mandarin
4165:Taiwanese Mandarin
3771:Nwagu Aneke script
3323:Other logosyllabic
3245:Chinese-influenced
3184:Oracle bone script
3166:Chinese characters
3101:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
2491:Eclectic shorthand
2479:Duployan shorthand
2432:Caucasian Albanian
2232:Canadian syllabics
1268:History of writing
1211:at isibheqe.org.za
1017:2018-06-27 at the
961:on 8 February 2016
843:
647:
627:
597:
472:
410:
394:, which indicates
347:languages (in the
250:ditema tsa Sesotho
195:(Izimpawu zesiNtu)
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
4993:tactile alphabets
4921:William Bell Wait
4914:Sabriye Tenberken
4715:
4714:
4580:
4579:
4565:(Japanese vowels)
4363:-mediated scripts
4290:-mediated scripts
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3669:Ditema tsa Dinoko
3607:
3606:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3275:
3274:
3134:
3133:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2210:
2209:
1575:
1574:
1562:Teeline Shorthand
1320:
1319:
1209:Ditema tsa Dinoko
892:, it indicates a
834:Articulatory mode
651:
650:
406:Ditema tsa Dinoko
321:isiBheqe soHlamvu
256:(specifically, a
242:Ditema tsa Dinoko
239:
238:
198:Ditema tsa Dinoko
140:Ditema tsa Dinoko
127:isiBheqe soHlamvu
124:Ditema tsa Dinoko
119:
118:
111:
93:
5130:
5064:
5057:
5055:Braille literacy
5050:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5004:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4856:
4849:
4847:Slate and stylus
4842:
4835:
4833:Perkins Brailler
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4791:Braille embosser
4786:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4708:
4700:
4693:
4675:
4668:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4615:
4612:American Braille
4596:
4593:Algerian Braille
4573:
4566:
4558:
4551:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4482:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4388:
4380:
4373:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3907:
3906:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3857:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3613:
3612:
3568:
3567:
3474:
3473:
3466:Semi-syllabaries
3461:
3460:
3162:
3161:
3153:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3025:
3024:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2366:
2269:Japanese Braille
1854:Zanabazar square
1723:Nepalese scripts
1613:Bengali–Assamese
1603:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1581:
1580:
1498:Pitman shorthand
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1326:
1325:
1258:
1257:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1178:"Incazo Yohlelo"
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1155:. Archived from
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
992:
985:
977:
971:
970:
968:
966:
951:
924:For clicks, the
830:
724:are at the base.
599:
598:
578:
552:
381:Tekela languages
235:
229:
225:
137:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5108:Tswana language
5078:
5077:
5076:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4879:Charles Barbier
4877:
4870:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4711:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4618:
4610:
4604:Frequency-based
4599:
4591:
4576:
4569:
4561:
4554:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4485:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:Bharati Braille
4397:
4391:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4358:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4285:
4279:
4272:
4267:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3974:Unified English
3968:
3961:
3954:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3903:Braille scripts
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3805:
3620:
3603:
3599:Stokoe notation
3575:
3554:
3513:
3468:
3447:
3431:
3395:
3374:Logoconsonantal
3369:
3318:
3271:
3240:
3147:
3130:
3111:Siglas poveiras
3032:
3011:
2970:
2874:Younger Futhark
2578:Gregg shorthand
2374:
2353:
2206:
1858:
1588:
1571:
1350:
1333:
1316:
1289:Writing systems
1277:
1252:
1250:writing systems
1243:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1019:Wayback Machine
1012:Writing Systems
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
993:on 4 March 2016
990:
983:
979:
978:
974:
964:
962:
953:
952:
948:
943:
836:
656:
477:
415:
365:Tonga-Inhambane
206:
201:
184:
177:Related scripts
158:
143:
128:
125:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
44:
40:primary sources
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5136:
5126:
5125:
5123:Swazi language
5120:
5118:Xhosa language
5115:
5110:
5105:
5103:Venda language
5100:
5095:
5090:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5043:
5041:
5040:Related topics
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5016:New York Point
5012:
5005:
4997:
4995:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4900:Harris Mowbray
4896:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4784:Braille e-book
4779:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4701:
4694:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4567:
4559:
4552:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4404:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4381:
4374:
4366:
4364:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4293:
4291:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4214:
4212:
4205:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3913:
3911:French-ordered
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3826:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3751:Linear Elamite
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3573:Sign languages
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3550:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Espanca script
3521:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3484:Linear Elamite
3480:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3365:Yi (Classical)
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3191:
3189:Bronze scripts
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3002:Flag semaphore
2999:
2997:New York Point
2994:
2992:Telegraph code
2989:
2987:Maritime flags
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2941:Visible Speech
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2911:Sorang Sompeng
2908:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2795:Galik alphabet
2792:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2693:Tironian notes
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2536:Garay alphabet
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2319:Sorang Sompeng
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2242:Déné syllabics
2239:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1600:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Proto-Sinaitic
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1335:
1334:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1197:External links
1195:
1192:
1191:
1169:
1140:
1114:
1102:
1084:(2): 163–175.
1061:
1036:
1026:. Design Miami
1004:
972:
945:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
922:
911:bilabial nasal
900:
897:
882:
872:
861:
854:
835:
832:
806:
805:
802:
796:
790:
784:
774:
760:
753:
738:
737:
731:
725:
715:
709:
655:
652:
649:
648:
638:
633:
629:
628:
618:
613:
609:
608:
603:
535:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
516:
510:
476:
473:
443:chevron-shaped
439:syllabic nasal
414:
411:
396:vowel nasality
373:Latin alphabet
237:
236:
230:⟩, see
203:
202:
200:
199:
187:
185:
183:Parent systems
182:
179:
178:
174:
173:
167:Southern Bantu
164:
160:
159:
151:
149:
145:
144:
138:
130:
129:
126:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5135:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Zulu language
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5023:Night writing
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4989:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:Organisations
4929:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4893:Valentin Haüy
4890:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4872:Louis Braille
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4805:Braille watch
4802:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4728:Braille music
4725:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4691:Luxembourgish
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:Other scripts
4488:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4394:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4282:
4271:
4266:
4263:
4262:Northern Sámi
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:Nordic family
4209:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4151:South African
4148:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4073:Luxembourgish
4070:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:ASCII braille
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:Attic (Greek)
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:Proto-Elamite
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Elder Futhark
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Old Hungarian
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Masaram Gondi
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Gunjala Gondi
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:Old Sundanese
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2019:Old Maldivian
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2002:Bilang-bilang
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Sylheti Nagri
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Brahmi script
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:South Arabian
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Inscriptional
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1179:
1173:
1159:on 2018-10-16
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1130:on 2016-02-08
1129:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1008:
989:
982:
976:
960:
956:
950:
946:
935:
931:
927:
923:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
901:
898:
895:
891:
887:
883:
880:
876:
873:
870:
866:
865:breathy voice
862:
859:
855:
852:
848:
847:
846:
840:
831:
829:
824:
822:
817:
815:
811:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
778:
775:
772:
768:
764:
761:
758:
754:
751:
747:
746:
745:
743:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
703:
700:
699:
698:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:onset cluster
665:
661:
643:
639:
637:
634:
631:
630:
623:
619:
617:
614:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
600:
594:
590:
588:
584:
579:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
546:
544:
543:syllable coda
540:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
504:
503:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
470:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
407:
403:
399:
397:
393:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
233:
221:
217:
215:
211:
204:
197:
196:
194:
190:
186:
180:
175:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
146:
141:
136:
131:
122:
113:
110:
102:
99:November 2019
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4563:Thai and Lao
4240:Scandinavian
3872:1829 braille
3864:Braille cell
3668:
3664:Cypro-Minoan
3530:Pahawh Hmong
3443:Sitelen Pona
3407:Hindu-Arabic
2740:Mundari Bani
2314:Pahawh Hmong
2123:Tamil-Brahmi
2029:Eveyla Akuru
2024:Dhives Akuru
1491:Paleo-Hebrew
1358:
1294:undeciphered
1184:16 September
1182:. Retrieved
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1157:the original
1153:isibheqe.org
1152:
1143:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:the original
1117:
1105:
1081:
1077:
1064:
1049:
1039:
1028:. Retrieved
1007:
997:16 September
995:. Retrieved
988:the original
975:
965:16 September
963:. Retrieved
959:the original
949:
933:
925:
918:
914:
906:
889:
885:
874:
844:
825:
821:phonotactics
818:
813:
809:
807:
781:postalveolar
763:Approximants
739:
692:
676:prenasalised
659:
658:Consonants (
657:
635:
615:
605:
586:
582:
580:
573:
565:front vowels
554:
547:
538:
536:
518:
512:
506:
495:
493:
488:
484:
480:
478:
468:
458:
450:
430:
416:
405:
388:
375:such as the
353:Sotho-Tswana
344:
342:
320:
264:
249:
241:
240:
226:and ⟨
208:
139:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
5062:RoboBraille
4886:Róża Czacka
4826:Perforation
4623:Independent
4521:(Bhutanese)
4256:Greenlandic
3927:Azerbaijani
3729:Jindai moji
3618:Syllabaries
3589:SignWriting
3489:Celtiberian
3391:Hieroglyphs
3194:Seal script
3179:Traditional
3051:Blissymbols
2956:Warang Citi
2931:Tolong Siki
2884:Marcomannic
2864:Dalecarlian
2854:Anglo-Saxon
2834:Pau Cin Hau
2725:Medefaidrin
2678:Merovingian
2638:Blackletter
2546:Asomtavruli
2339:Warang Citi
2148:Ulu scripts
2093:New Tai Lue
2036:Mon–Burmese
1890:Bhattiprolu
1718:Nandinagari
1545:ʾEsṭrangēlā
1304:constructed
1205:at Omniglot
771:tap or flap
688:modal voice
569:back vowels
557:high vowels
539:empty vowel
413:Description
369:orthography
325:ideographic
191:, amaBheqe
148:Script type
5082:Categories
4614:(obsolete)
4595:(obsolete)
4387:(Pakistan)
4298:Belarusian
4180:Vietnamese
4123:Portuguese
4109:Philippine
4066:Lithuanian
3719:Hentaigana
3714:Man'yōgana
3174:Simplified
3061:Ersu Shaba
2975:Non-linear
2780:Old Uyghur
2770:Old Permic
2765:Old Italic
2698:Visigothic
2633:Beneventan
2568:Glagolitic
2531:Gadabuursi
2195:Kolezhuthu
2190:Vatteluttu
2128:Tanchangya
2051:Saurashtra
1628:Devanagari
1486:Phoenician
1439:Manichaean
1163:2016-09-11
1134:2016-09-11
1030:2015-11-23
955:"isiBheqe"
941:References
869:aspiration
799:Affricates
750:fricatives
654:Consonants
606:down/below
583:ingungwana
389:ingungwana
263:) for the
193:ideographs
69:newspapers
36:references
5030:Vibratese
5009:Moon type
5002:Decapoint
4683:Eight-dot
4636:Cantonese
4585:Reordered
4548:Inuktitut
4437:Malayalam
4347:Ukrainian
4326:Mongolian
4305:Bulgarian
4268:Norwegian
4233:Icelandic
4024:Hungarian
3982:Esperanto
3934:Cantonese
3518:Redundant
3330:Anatolian
3281:Cuneiform
3209:bird-worm
3145:Logograms
3116:Testerian
3030:Ideograms
3007:Moon type
2894:Staveless
2785:Mongolian
2730:Molodtsov
2688:Sütterlin
2556:Mkhedruli
2422:Bassa Vah
2372:Alphabets
2344:Mwangwego
2309:Mwangwego
2284:Kharosthi
2237:Blackfoot
2200:Malayanma
2071:Sundanese
2066:Sukhothai
2014:Malayalam
1965:Khom Thai
1925:Goykanadi
1849:Tocharian
1802:ʼPhags-pa
1673:Khudabadi
1618:Bhaiksuki
1513:Samaritan
1444:Nabataean
1299:inventors
1149:"Ingcazo"
858:implosive
777:Retroflex
712:Alveolars
680:implosive
664:affricate
625:pʰaːntsʼi
561:low vowel
427:graphemes
419:syllabary
317:Tshivenḓa
271:(such as
261:syllabary
163:Languages
156:syllabary
4666:Japanese
4527:Georgian
4519:Dzongkha
4505:Armenian
4423:Gujarati
4288:Cyrillic
4219:Estonian
4194:Yugoslav
4130:Romanian
4102:Nigerian
4017:Hawaiian
4003:Ghanaian
3920:Albanian
3781:Sumerian
3746:Linear B
3709:Katakana
3704:Hiragana
3654:Cherokee
3584:ASLwrite
3545:Bopomofo
3400:Numerals
3386:Hieratic
3345:Isthmian
3314:Sumerian
3294:Assyrian
3289:Akkadian
2946:Vithkuqi
2921:Tifinagh
2889:Medieval
2844:Pisidian
2839:Phrygian
2810:Vagindra
2755:Ol Chiki
2663:Interlac
2618:Kayah Li
2608:Jenticha
2563:Veso Bey
2551:Nuskhuri
2541:Georgian
2511:Formosan
2506:Etruscan
2501:Enochian
2457:Cyrillic
2442:Coelbren
2400:Armenian
2299:Meroitic
2289:Mandombe
2279:Jenticha
2143:Tigalari
2108:Tai Viet
2103:Tai Tham
2083:Tagbanwa
1935:Javanese
1885:Baybayin
1875:Balinese
1863:Southern
1758:Pracalit
1753:Pachumol
1728:Bhujimol
1688:Mahajani
1648:Gurmukhi
1638:Gujarati
1606:Northern
1586:Abugidas
1567:Ugaritic
1555:Maḏnḥāyā
1429:Tifinagh
1422:Solitreo
1360:Numerals
1273:Grapheme
1261:Overview
1094:Archived
1056:Archived
1015:Archived
928:marks a
810:amaqanda
757:plosives
728:Laterals
722:palatals
684:ejective
602:English
519:Umkhonto
500:phonemes
481:onkamisa
431:amabheqe
423:syllable
392:grapheme
313:ChiShona
305:ChiNgoni
301:EMakhuwa
297:Xitsonga
293:SiPhuthi
285:IsiXhosa
277:Setswana
258:featural
224:/ /
220:Help:IPA
153:Featural
4571:Tibetan
4512:Burmese
4498:Amharic
4481:(India)
4458:Sinhala
4451:Punjabi
4430:Kannada
4378:Persian
4333:Russian
4273:Swedish
4251:Finnish
4226:Faroese
4201:Zambian
4173:Turkish
4158:Spanish
4081:Maltese
4059:Latvian
4052:Italian
4031:Iñupiaq
4010:Guarani
3970:English
3941:Catalan
3858:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
3853:Braille
3736:Kikakui
3674:Eskayan
3659:Cypriot
3509:Dunging
3381:Demotic
3360:Tenevil
3304:Hittite
3299:Elamite
3252:Jurchen
3231:Sawndip
3226:Chữ Nôm
3126:Zapotec
3121:Yerkish
3096:Nsibidi
3081:Miꞌkmaw
3071:Isotype
3041:Adinkra
2982:Braille
2966:Zaghawa
2936:Vellara
2916:Sunuwar
2906:Sidetic
2901:Shavian
2829:Osmanya
2819:Ol Onal
2673:Kurrent
2658:Insular
2648:Fraktur
2623:Klingon
2613:Kaddare
2587:Archaic
2496:Elbasan
2484:Chinook
2474:Deseret
2462:Bosnian
2417:Avoiuli
2405:Avestan
2395:Ariyaka
2324:Tengwar
2222:Bharati
2183:Serawai
2173:Pasemah
2158:Lampung
2113:Lai Tay
2098:Tai Noi
2061:Sinhala
2041:Pallava
2009:Makasar
1997:Lontara
1972:Kulitan
1945:Kannada
1940:Kadamba
1930:Hanunoo
1920:Grantha
1915:Fakkham
1832:Tibetan
1817:Soyombo
1812:Siddhaṃ
1807:Sharada
1783:Litumol
1773:Tirhuta
1763:Ranjana
1748:Kvemmol
1708:Multani
1693:Marchen
1658:Kalinga
1598:Brahmic
1535:Sogdian
1474:Psalter
1454:Pahlavi
1434:Mandaic
1412:Cursive
1397:Elymaic
1368:Aramaic
934:ingungu
926:ingungu
919:ongwaqa
915:ingungu
907:ingungu
888:in the
886:ungwaqa
879:voicing
875:Uphimbo
851:ejected
734:Dentals
702:Labials
660:ongwaqa
632:Tekela
589:below:
507:Intombi
489:ongwaqa
451:ongwaqa
447:nucleus
435:Hangeul
425:, with
385:SiSwati
338:Unicode
289:SiSwati
281:IsiZulu
273:Sesotho
252:, is a
246:Sesotho
212:in the
83:scholar
4991:Other
4864:People
4854:Braigo
4673:Korean
4541:Hebrew
4472:Telugu
4371:Arabic
4361:Arabic
4319:Kyrgyz
4312:Kazakh
4246:Danish
4144:Slovak
4137:Samoan
4116:Polish
4095:Navajo
3996:German
3989:French
3856:
3801:Yugtun
3791:Woleai
3741:Kpelle
3724:Sōgana
3644:Byblos
3422:Muisca
3340:Cretan
3309:Luwian
3267:Tangut
3086:Mixtec
3056:Dongba
2961:Yezidi
2951:Wancho
2926:Todhri
2879:Gothic
2859:Cipher
2800:Manchu
2790:Evenki
2775:Orkhon
2720:Manchu
2715:Lydian
2710:Lycian
2653:Gaelic
2603:Hanifi
2598:Hangul
2573:Gothic
2521:Fraser
2516:Fox II
2452:Coptic
2427:Carian
2410:Pazend
2383:Linear
2329:Thaana
2274:Sarati
2215:Others
2178:Rejang
2163:Lembak
2153:Incung
2133:Telugu
2088:Tai Le
1982:Langdi
1905:Chakma
1795:Karani
1768:Tamyig
1743:Kummol
1738:Himmol
1733:Golmol
1713:Nagari
1698:Meitei
1683:Lepcha
1668:Khojki
1653:Kaithi
1540:Syriac
1528:Musnad
1407:Ashuri
1402:Hebrew
1385:Elifba
1380:Arabic
1373:Hatran
1348:Abjads
890:ibheqe
814:ibheqe
793:Clicks
787:Nasals
767:trills
718:Velars
706:nasals
672:voiced
645:pʰãːsi
616:phansi
612:Zunda
496:ibheqe
485:ibheqe
475:Vowels
459:ibheqe
361:Tsonga
329:litema
309:SiLozi
228:
189:Litema
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4707:(GS8)
4698:Kanji
4556:Khmer
4534:Greek
4465:Tamil
4398:i.e.
4359:i.e.
4340:Tatar
4286:i.e.
4187:Welsh
4088:Māori
4045:Irish
3963:Dutch
3956:Czech
3766:Nüshu
3634:Bamum
3629:Afaka
3436:Other
3427:Roman
3412:Abjad
3335:Bagam
3236:Bowen
3221:Kanji
3216:Hanja
3204:small
3199:large
3106:Olmec
3076:Kaidā
3066:Emoji
3046:Aztec
2849:Runic
2824:Osage
2805:Oirat
2750:Ogham
2683:Sigla
2628:Latin
2583:Greek
2467:Early
2437:Cirth
2390:Adlam
2259:Geʽez
2254:Fox I
2118:Tamil
1977:Lanna
1960:Khmer
1950:Karen
1900:Buhid
1880:Batak
1837:Uchen
1827:Takri
1778:Limbu
1678:Laṇḍā
1663:Khema
1643:Gupta
1633:Dogri
1550:Serṭā
1523:Zabur
1508:Punic
1481:Pegon
1417:Rashi
1331:Types
1282:Lists
1246:Types
1097:(PDF)
1074:(PDF)
991:(PDF)
984:(PDF)
636:phãsi
587:phãsi
513:Isoka
455:onset
357:Venḓa
349:Nguni
345:sintu
265:siNtu
216:(IPA)
171:Swazi
90:JSTOR
76:books
4479:Urdu
4444:Odia
4385:Urdu
3761:Loma
3756:Lisu
3699:Kana
3689:Iban
3679:Geba
3639:Bété
3594:si5s
3504:Khom
3477:Full
3350:Maya
2745:N'Ko
2304:Miao
2249:Dham
2168:Ogan
2138:Thai
2056:Shan
1992:Leke
1955:Kawi
1910:Cham
1895:Buda
1870:Ahom
1790:Odia
1703:Modi
1459:Book
1186:2015
999:2015
967:2015
896:/ɦ/.
765:and
720:and
704:and
363:and
315:and
62:news
4038:IPA
3786:Vai
3694:Idu
3262:Sui
2735:Mru
2705:Luo
2668:IPA
2349:Rma
2046:Pyu
1987:Lao
1842:Umê
1248:of
1086:doi
267:or
38:to
5084::
3796:Yi
1151:.
1092:.
1082:35
1080:.
1076:.
1054:.
1048:.
744::
697::
686:,
682:,
678:,
674:,
502::
359:,
355:,
351:,
311:,
307:,
303:,
299:,
295:,
291:,
287:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
169:,
49:.
3976:)
3972:(
3845:e
3838:t
3831:v
2589:)
2585:(
1238:e
1231:t
1224:v
1188:.
1166:.
1137:.
1088::
1033:.
1001:.
969:.
881:.
759:.
752:.
244:(
234:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
43:.
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