38:
523:
the defenses that are available to everyone else like overbreadth and unwarranted harassment. In remanding the case to the
District Court, the Court's order stated that "the President may raise further arguments as appropriate" to challenge the subpoena. In evaluating those arguments judges should be "meticulous" according to the Court, but "this does not mean they should use a stricter standard in evaluating them."
573:, which determined that a prosecutor must have a "demonstrated, specific need" for subpoenaing a President. Otherwise, Kavanaugh agreed with the judgment and added that the Court "unanimously agrees that this case should be remanded to the District Court, where the President may raise constitutional and legal objections to the subpoena as appropriate."
457:
The Second
Circuit panel ruled unanimously against Trump in November 2019. The decision stated that the president is not immune from "the enforcement of a state grand jury subpoena directing a third party to produce non-privileged material, even when the subject matter under investigation pertains to
643:
On the next day, August 21, Trump's lawyers filed an emergency request with a federal appeals court to put the subpoena on hold, but the court denied his request that same day. Instead, the court granted him a hearing that was scheduled for
September 1, but meanwhile, the subpoena remained in force.
592:
Thomas wrote that the majority opinion, which allowed subpoenas to be placed against the president, created an undue burden: "the demands on the president's time and the importance of his tasks are extraordinary, and the office of the president cannot be delegated to subordinates. A subpoena imposes
550:
established the principle 200 years earlier that no citizen, including the president, may escape the common duty to produce evidence when he is called upon during a criminal proceeding. Roberts wrote, "In our judicial system, 'the public has a right to every man's evidence'. Since the earliest days
609:
case was remanded to the lower court by the
Supreme Court with the same 7–2 split. Congress has the authority to subpoena the president as part of its legislative duties, but the Supreme Court found a stronger requirement to exist for the congressional subpoena than for a state grand jury subpoena.
522:
of the
Constitution. Through those principles, the Court also held that the president enjoys no absolute immunity from state criminal subpoenas directed at his private papers and that he is not entitled to a heightened standard for the issuance of such a subpoena. Instead, the president can rely on
346:
candidate, he was called upon to release his income tax returns in the public interest, as most other presidential candidates did. Trump had stated in his campaign that he would release them once they had been "worked on." After his election victory and taking office in 2017, Trump refused to give
435:
Prosecutors countered that Trump had "sweeping immunity" from a criminal probe while he was in office and that Trump was "seeking to invent and enforce a new presidential 'tax return privilege,' on the theory that disclosing information in a tax return will necessarily reveal information that will
664:
Within hours of the
Supreme Court’s ruling, Mazars handed over to Vance millions of pages of documents containing Trump's tax returns from January 2011 to August 2019, as well as financial statements, engagement agreements, documents relating to the preparation and review of tax returns, and work
466:
Trump petitioned to the US Supreme Court on the Second
Circuit's ruling to the New York district attorney subpoena as well as in the separate cases related to the House Committee subpoenas. The Supreme Court certified all three cases in December 2019 by consolidating the two House Committee cases
617:
At the request of Vance, the
Supreme Court on July 17, 2020 allowed the judgment from its ruling to take effect immediately, instead of the 25 days after decision normally established, to allow the district attorney's office to proceed to request documents while the judicial arguments continued.
596:
Alito wrote on his concern that the majority opinion would open the president to potential action from over 2000 local prosecutors and would impair the functionality of the presidential office: "Respect for the structure of government created by the
Constitution demands greater protection for an
634:
set a deadline of July 15, 2020, for Trump to provide additional objections to the subpoena. Trump’s revised complaint asserted that Vance's subpoena was politically motivated and overly broad. Marrero declined to block the subpoena on August 20, 2020, saying that Trump's new complaint was not
652:
Trump had stated his intent to appeal that ruling to the
Supreme Court and was granted 12 days in which to do so and prosecutors delayed execution of the subpoena. On October 13, 2020, Trump submitted a petition to the Supreme Court for a stay pending its review of the appeals court decision.
1655:
644:
Trump's accounting records could have been given to the New York State grand jury before the hearing took place, but that did not happen. The appeals court ruled unanimously on October 7, 2020, to deny Trump's objection and ordered the subpoena to be obeyed.
445:(1971), which had stated federal courts should abstain in the matters of tort claims being brought by the person who was prosecuted by those claims. As such, the District Court ordered Trump to comply with the subpoena, pending a ruling from the
920:
1645:
1498:
458:
the President" and that a state grand jury may issue subpoenas "in aid of its investigation of potential crimes committed by persons within its jurisdiction, even if that investigation may in some way implicate the President."
859:
912:
1488:
1816:
1387:
656:
On February 22, 2021, the Supreme Court denied the stay request, clearing the path for Trump’s tax records as well as other records to be released to prosecutors for review by a grand jury.
301:
do not categorically preclude or require a heightened standard for the issuance of a state criminal subpoena to a sitting president. The 7–2 decision was issued in July 2020, with Justices
1688:
121:
Article II and the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution do not categorically preclude or require a heightened standard for the issuance of a state criminal subpoena to a sitting president.
1997:
635:
substantially different from the first and dismissed Trump's case with prejudice, which allowed the subpoena to be executed. He concluded: "Justice requires an end to this controversy."
826:
950:
1353:
1417:
502:
likely to favor the release of the tax records. Justices also spoke of possibly sending both cases to the lower courts with a set of standards to evaluate the subpoena requests.
2038:
672:
in the 117th Congress, reissued its subpoena to Mazars seeking the same documents as had been provided to Vance, and which it had previously sought and been unable to obtain in
849:
510:
The Court released its decision on July 9, 2020, by affirming the decision of the Second Circuit and remanding the case for continued review. The 7–2 decision affirmed that
398:, where Trump had accounts, and those entities had indicated they would comply with the subpoenas. Trump then tried to block the subpoenas, which led to two separate suits,
1044:
390:
refused to comply with the subpoenas and asserted that they lacked "a legitimate legislative purpose." However, those subpoenas were directed at Mazars and later at
2028:
977:
1783:
1547:
429:
1269:
1943:
1752:
1622:
795:
669:
257:
86:
610:
Chief Justice Roberts gave the lower courts a list of four considerations to determine when a congressional subpoena is appropriate within the scope of the
2048:
1008:
1198:
1140:
2033:
1719:
1074:
1302:
1109:
1223:
701:
498:, involving subpoenas related to a Congressional investigation, very differently and expected there to be different results between the cases, with
1806:
1395:
1325:
725:
1678:
1244:
359:
1981:
1446:
770:
816:
290:
942:
519:
243:
1361:
2043:
446:
2013:
1171:
890:
593:
both demands on the president's limited time and a mental burden, even when the president is not directly engaged in complying."
421:
375:
329:
19:
1589:
1919:
1034:
428:
in August 2019 subpoenaed Mazars for Trump's tax returns. Trump filed suit against the district attorney and Mazars in the
1839:
973:
2023:
1775:
1557:
42:
432:
to block the subpoena arguing that a sitting president enjoys "absolute immunity from criminal process of any kind."
2018:
1259:
695:
351:
343:
1858:
1742:
1612:
282:'s accounting firm, for Trump's tax records and related documents, as part of his ongoing investigation into the
1000:
1194:
1132:
1711:
1489:"Supreme Court says Manhattan prosecutor may pursue Trump's financial records, denies Congress access for now"
1067:
1292:
1102:
1884:
1220:
1915:"The Law as King and the King as Law: Is a President Immune from Criminal Prosecution before Impeachment?"
1460:
756:
70:
355:
321:
268:
733:
1646:"New York judge gives Trump deadline in lawsuit over tax returns following major Supreme Court ruling"
1776:"Subpoena for Trump tax returns heading back to Supreme Court after President dealt another setback"
674:
436:
somehow impede the functioning of a President, sufficiently to meet the test of irreparable harm."
400:
363:
325:
1914:
1520:
569:
283:
1972:
1947:
1525:
1391:
1354:"Supreme Court rules against Trump in 2 landmark cases about his taxes and financial records"
799:
367:
81:
1712:"Appeals court sets September 1 hearing on deadline for Trump's financial records subpoena"
1528:
1293:"Supreme Court Hints at Split Decision in Two Cases on Obtaining Trump's Financial Records"
611:
387:
1954:
1326:"Supreme Court rules Trump will have to fight to keep secret his taxes, financial records"
8:
1650:
1493:
821:
531:
152:
93:
1982:
EXCLUSIVE: How Brett Kavanaugh tried to sidestep abortion and Trump financial docs cases
1747:
1297:
1264:
1039:
802:
482:
arguments, both as part of the set of cases held through teleconference because of the
374:. The IRS failed to comply with the request. Both the Ways and Means Committee and the
309:
1163:
882:
511:
483:
441:
1859:"Trump's tax returns and related records turned over to Manhattan district attorney"
1579:
1456:
1451:
1357:
766:
761:
688:
515:
294:
260:
239:
18:
This article is about the US Supreme Court case. For the Trump–Vance campaign, see
1992:
who details the decision-making process leading to the landmark court decision in
567:. Kavanaugh wrote that he would have held the case to the standard established in
371:
1552:
1227:
854:
582:
560:
539:
425:
306:
298:
271:
188:
168:
144:
1221:
Trump Taxes: Appeals Court Rules President Must Turn Over 8 Years of Tax Returns
1030:
631:
551:
of the Republic, 'every man' has included the President of the United States."
535:
156:
1840:"Supreme Court Denies Trump's Final Bid to Block Release of Financial Records"
2007:
1989:
1418:"From Burr to Clinton, Supreme Court Takes History Tour in Trump Wealth Case"
547:
391:
1679:"Judge throws out Trump challenge to Manhattan DA subpoena for tax records"
586:
564:
527:
339:
335:
302:
279:
180:
164:
136:
1613:"Trump taxes subpoena fight can resume quickly after Supreme Court action"
850:"All the excuses Trump has given for why he won't release his tax returns"
420:
Separately, as part of the city's ongoing criminal investigation into the
1963:
543:
395:
347:
over his tax records and stated that voters were not interested in them.
176:
109:
1133:"New York prosecutors reject Trump's immunity claim in tax returns case"
2000:
from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved on February 19, 2020.
1807:"Trump attorneys ask Supreme Court for stay in Manhattan DA's tax case"
1103:"Trump Taxes: President Ordered to Turn Over Returns to Manhattan D.A."
491:
97:
1580:"Trump taxes: Supreme Court says New York prosecutors can see records"
1035:"Justice Dept. Backs Mnuchin's Refusal to Release Trump's Tax Returns"
726:"Supreme Court Rules Trump Cannot Block Release of Financial Records"
379:
366:(IRS) six years of Trump's returns, a power vested in Congress under
1857:
Scannell, Kara; Prokupecz, Shimon; Cole, Devan (February 25, 2021).
1811:
1447:"The Supreme Court Brings the Presidency Back From a Lawless Brink"
1330:
1001:"Steven Mnuchin Refuses to Release Trump's Tax Returns to Congress"
974:"Mnuchin defies House Democrats' subpoenas for Trump's tax returns"
757:"The Supreme Court Brings the Presidency Back From a Lawless Brink"
264:
1388:"Trump's tax returns: Why the Supreme Court should end things now"
597:
institution that is vital to the nation's safety and well-being."
1422:
1381:
1379:
1195:"Judge dismisses Trump request to keep taxes secret in New York"
1260:"Supreme Court to Rule on Release of Trump's Financial Records"
1068:"8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A."
913:"White House maneuvers to block release of Trump's tax returns"
383:
275:
37:
1376:
1164:"Prosecutor says Trump wants 'sweeping immunity' in tax fight"
386:, Trump's accounting firm, to obtain the tax information. The
286:. Trump commenced legal proceedings to prevent their release.
943:"Here's how Democrats plan to get Donald Trump's tax returns"
1885:"U.S. House panel reissues subpoena for Trump's tax records"
1743:"Manhattan D.A. Can Obtain Trump's Tax Returns, Judges Rule"
1683:
1741:
Weiser, Benjamin; Rashbaum, William K. (October 7, 2020).
1101:
Rashbaum, William K.; Weiser, Benjamin (October 7, 2019).
1985:
1617:
1584:
1066:
Rashbaum, William K.; Protess, Ben (September 16, 2019).
883:"White House pushes back on request for Trump tax forms"
478:
Oral arguments were held on May 12, 2020, alongside the
430:
US District Court for the Southern District of New York
2039:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
1548:"Supreme Court Advances Subpoena of Trump Tax Returns"
665:
papers and communications related to the tax returns.
439:
The District Court dismissed the case on the basis of
358:
in the 2018 midterm elections, and by April 2019, the
1856:
205:
Roberts, joined by Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan
1710:
Scannell, Kara; Polantz, Katelyn (August 21, 2020).
1059:
817:"5 things Donald Trump promised he'd do, but hasn't"
719:
717:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1482:
1480:
1478:
526:The majority opinion was written by Chief Justice
1352:Sheth, Sonam; Samuelsohn, Darren (July 9, 2020).
702:New York investigations of The Trump Organization
486:. Observers recognized that the Justices treated
2005:
1988:'s legal analyst & Supreme Court biographer
1805:Winter, Tom; Williams, Pete (October 13, 2020).
1284:
1161:
714:
2029:United States Constitution Article Two case law
1709:
1534:
1475:
1351:
1065:
992:
630:to the Southern New York District Court, Judge
1804:
1740:
1610:
1100:
1611:Scannell, Kara; Berman, Dan (July 17, 2020).
563:wrote a concurring opinion joined by Justice
1572:
1213:
412:suit by the Supreme Court in its 2019 term.
2049:United States taxation and revenue case law
1096:
1094:
1092:
621:
2034:United States executive privilege case law
1130:
971:
647:
638:
546:. Roberts wrote that former Chief Justice
447:US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
213:Kavanaugh (in judgment), joined by Gorsuch
1029:
998:
490:, which involved a subpoena related to a
1912:
1773:
1323:
1089:
808:
659:
1676:
1385:
1305:from the original on September 27, 2020
1174:from the original on September 26, 2019
1162:Larry Neumeister (September 23, 2019).
1143:from the original on September 25, 2019
1077:from the original on September 16, 2019
847:
514:to the president is not granted by the
376:House Committee on Oversight and Reform
330:List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump
20:Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign
2006:
1837:
1819:from the original on February 15, 2021
1755:from the original on February 15, 2021
1691:from the original on February 15, 2021
1658:from the original on February 15, 2021
1643:
1625:from the original on February 15, 2021
1592:from the original on February 15, 2021
1501:from the original on February 15, 2021
1486:
1290:
1272:from the original on December 17, 2019
1257:
880:
841:
723:
576:
61:Donald J. Trump v. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr.
1920:Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly
1882:
1386:Lempert, Richard (October 19, 2020).
1237:
1192:
1112:from the original on October 16, 2019
980:from the original on November 4, 2019
965:
953:from the original on January 18, 2019
554:
471:and handling the New York case under
25:2020 United States Supreme Court case
1786:from the original on October 7, 2020
1722:from the original on August 22, 2020
1545:
1444:
1201:from the original on October 7, 2019
848:Harwell, Drew (September 15, 2016).
754:
670:House Oversight and Reform Committee
589:wrote separate dissenting opinions.
408:, which were consolidated under the
1984:". A background article written by
1677:Higgens, Tucker (August 20, 2020).
1219:Benjamin Weiser & Adam Liptak,
1011:from the original on April 28, 2020
874:
829:from the original on April 19, 2019
505:
13:
1906:
1838:Liptak, Adam (February 22, 2021).
1774:Scannell, Kara (October 7, 2020).
1258:Liptak, Adam (December 13, 2019).
1047:from the original on June 16, 2019
923:from the original on April 5, 2019
893:from the original on April 5, 2019
862:from the original on July 25, 2019
43:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2060:
2044:United States Supreme Court cases
1980:Biskupic, Joan (July 29, 2020): "
1950:___ (2020) is available from:
1932:
1131:Toby Ecker (September 23, 2019).
814:
773:from the original on July 9, 2020
452:
415:
1644:Jacobs, Shayna (July 10, 2020).
1193:Orden, Erica (October 7, 2019).
696:Doe et al. v. Trump Corp. et al.
600:
461:
406:Trump et al. v. Deutsche Bank AG
362:had formally requested from the
338:indicated his intent to run for
36:
1876:
1850:
1831:
1798:
1767:
1734:
1703:
1670:
1637:
1604:
1513:
1487:Barnes, Robert (July 9, 2020).
1438:
1410:
1345:
1324:Williams, Pete (July 9, 2020).
1317:
1251:
1186:
1155:
1124:
1023:
999:Rappeport, Alan (May 6, 2019).
881:Gordon, Marcy (April 4, 2019).
2014:2020 in United States case law
935:
905:
785:
748:
424:, Manhattan District Attorney
360:House Ways and Means Committee
1:
1291:Liptak, Adam (May 12, 2020).
724:Liptak, Adam (July 9, 2020).
707:
315:
256:, 591 U.S. ___ (2020), was a
1973:Supreme Court (slip opinion)
1883:Wolfe, Jan (March 3, 2021).
494:criminal investigation, and
7:
1445:Ford, Matt (July 9, 2020).
972:Lauren Fox (May 17, 2019).
755:Ford, Matt (July 9, 2020).
681:
356:US House of Representatives
322:Tax returns of Donald Trump
269:Manhattan District Attorney
96:907; 2020 WL 3848062; 2020
10:
2065:
1964:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1913:Freedman, Eric M. (1992).
1546:Ryan, Tim (July 9, 2020).
668:On February 23, 2021, the
319:
17:
2024:Supremacy Clause case law
267:issued in August 2019 by
238:
233:
225:
217:
209:
201:
196:
130:
125:
120:
115:
105:
76:
66:
56:
49:
35:
30:
675:Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP
622:Remand to District Court
401:Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP
364:Internal Revenue Service
326:Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP
2019:Donald Trump litigation
1248:(2d Cir. Nov. 4, 2019).
648:Appeal to Supreme Court
639:Appeal to Federal Court
530:and joined by Justices
240:U.S. Const. art. VI § 2
1942:, No. 19-635,
1521:United States v. Nixon
570:United States v. Nixon
422:Stormy Daniels scandal
354:gained control of the
284:Stormy Daniels scandal
1392:Brookings Institution
949:. December 20, 2018.
660:Disclosure of records
605:On the same day, the
92:140 S. Ct. 2412; 207
612:separation of powers
388:Trump administration
289:The Court held that
263:case arising from a
52:Decided July 9, 2020
1651:The Washington Post
1494:The Washington Post
1398:on November 1, 2020
1234:(November 4, 2019).
822:The Washington Post
577:Dissenting opinions
532:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
244:U.S. Const. art. II
153:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
50:Argued May 12, 2020
1844:The New York Times
1748:The New York Times
1298:The New York Times
1265:The New York Times
1226:2019-11-05 at the
1106:The New York Times
1040:The New York Times
1005:The New York Times
730:The New York Times
555:Concurring opinion
141:Associate Justices
1033:(June 14, 2019).
626:On the remand of
512:absolute immunity
484:COVID-19 pandemic
442:Younger v. Harris
278:, then-President
249:
248:
2056:
1977:
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1968:
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1599:
1597:
1588:. July 9, 2020.
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1560:on July 11, 2020
1556:. Archived from
1543:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1459:. Archived from
1457:The New Republic
1452:The New Republic
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1394:. Archived from
1383:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1360:. Archived from
1358:Business Insider
1349:
1343:
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1168:Associated Press
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939:
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930:
928:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
887:Associated Press
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
845:
839:
838:
836:
834:
812:
806:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
767:The New Republic
762:The New Republic
752:
746:
745:
743:
741:
732:. Archived from
721:
689:Clinton v. Jones
516:Supremacy Clause
506:Majority opinion
352:Democratic Party
295:Supremacy Clause
261:US Supreme Court
126:Court membership
40:
39:
28:
27:
2064:
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2004:
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1909:
1907:Further reading
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1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1553:Courthouse News
1544:
1535:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1485:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1463:on July 9, 2020
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1384:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1364:on July 9, 2020
1350:
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1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
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1275:
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1238:
1228:Wayback Machine
1218:
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1125:
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1099:
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1080:
1078:
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1050:
1048:
1031:Rappeport, Alan
1028:
1024:
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997:
993:
983:
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970:
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941:
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1531: (1974)
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396:Capital One
372:§ 6103
210:Concurrence
177:Elena Kagan
2008:Categories
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1790:October 7,
1759:October 7,
1726:August 21,
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708:References
520:Article II
492:grand jury
344:Republican
316:Background
310:dissenting
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98:U.S. LEXIS
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833:April 19,
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