46:
73:
343:
261:, or in English, an "ounce". Before the adoption of the metric system, many systems of troy weights were in use in various parts of Europe, among them Holland troy, Paris troy, etc. Their values varied from one another by up to several percentage points. Troy weights were first used in England in the 15th century and were made official for gold and silver in 1527. The British Imperial system of weights and measures (also known as
31:
189:, related to the alternate form 'tron' which also means market or the place of weighing. From this, Watson suggests that 'troy' derives from the manner of weighing by balance precious goods such as bullion or drugs; in contrast to the word 'avoirdupois' used to describe bulk goods such as corn or coal, sometimes weighed in ancient times by a kind of
356:
280:
on May 19, 1828. The
British Imperial troy ounce (known more commonly simply as the imperial troy ounce) was based on, and virtually identical with, the pre-1824 British troy ounce and the pre-1707 English troy ounce. (1824 was the year the British Imperial system of weights and measures was adopted;
314:
grains for an ounce avoirdupois). The
British Empire abolished the 12-ounce troy pound in the 19th century. It has been retained, though rarely used, in the American system. Larger amounts of precious metals are conventionally counted in hundreds or thousands of troy ounces, or in kilograms.
2009:
The French livre contained, in the time of
Charlemagne, a pound, Troyes weight, of silver of a known finess. The fair of Troyes in Champaign was at that time frequented by all the nations of Europe, and the weights and measures of so famous a market were generally known and
484:. One pennyweight weighs 24 grains, and 20 pennyweights make one troy ounce. Because there were 12 troy ounces in the old troy pound, there would have been 240 pennyweights to the pound (mass) – just as there were 240 pennies in the
300:(milligrams). The only troy weight in widespread use is the British Imperial troy ounce and its American counterpart. Both are based on a grain of 0.06479891 gram (exact, by definition), with 480 grains to a troy ounce (compared with
467:
The Dutch troy system is based on a mark of 8 ounces, the ounce of 20 engels (pennyweights), the Engel of 32 as. The mark was rated as 3,798 troy grains or 246.084 grammes. The divisions are identical to the tower system.
289:.) Troy ounces have been used in England since the early 15th century, and the English troy ounce was officially adopted for coinage in 1527. Before that time, various sorts of troy ounces were in use on the continent.
346:
Chart comparing the mass (in grams) of tower, Troy, merchant, avoirdupois and London pounds. Each colored block represents one of that system's ounces (gold=Troy, blue= avoirdupois, purple=tower)
464:
or about 1.09714 ounces avoirdupois or about 9.7% more. The Troy ounce for trading precious metals is considered to be sufficiently approximated by 31.10 g in EU directive 80/181/EEC
115:
system, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound. One troy ounce (oz t) equals exactly 31.1034768 grams.
2602:
3292:
2402:
272:
The troy ounce in modern use is essentially the same as the
British Imperial troy ounce (1824–1971), adopted as an official weight standard for
2647:
524:
for penny can be recognized in the form of
British pre-decimal pennies, in which pounds, shillings, and pence were indicated using the symbols
2597:
2172:
2216:
3169:
2916:
2641:
2240:(2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
3194:
111:(24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the
2128:
2288:. NBS Special Publication. Vol. 447. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. p. 20.
681:
148:
3189:
2906:
2726:
2099:
1929:
Expeditions to
Prussia and the Holy Land Made by Henry Earl of Derby (afterwards King Henry IV.) in the Years 1390-1 and 1392-3
1776:
256:
3225:
3220:
3174:
2825:
2815:
2716:
2322:
2037:
2247:
2154:
3230:
2800:
2738:
2395:
2276:
2241:
2191:
3164:
2951:
2229:
2353:
A new
English dictionary on historical principles: founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philological Society
3204:
3179:
3032:
2780:
132:
3088:
2212:
National
Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds.
3058:
3022:
2931:
2669:
2607:
3144:
3129:
3083:
2961:
2936:
2921:
2881:
2805:
2388:
2373:. J. Brotherton, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, G. Strahan, W. Mears, R. Ware, E. Symon, and J. Clark. p. 307.
3139:
3124:
3114:
3104:
3042:
3012:
2982:
2946:
2871:
2790:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2452:
2255:
3134:
3109:
3073:
3037:
3017:
3007:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2886:
2810:
2711:
2442:
2432:
1756:
319:
131:
is first attested in 1390, describing the weight of a platter, in an account of the travels in Europe of the
3199:
3119:
3078:
3068:
2997:
2901:
2840:
2835:
2795:
2785:
2775:
2770:
2674:
2576:
2571:
2490:
2485:
2447:
674:
410:
2534:
3027:
3002:
2941:
2891:
2876:
2866:
2830:
2721:
2684:
2653:
2524:
318:
Troy ounces have been and are still often used in precious metal markets in countries that otherwise use
17:
45:
3063:
2911:
2845:
2743:
2689:
2679:
331:
154:
3282:
2956:
2495:
1861:
485:
334:
beginning in 1982; since 2016, the use of troy ounces has been replaced by integer numbers of grams.
327:
3277:
1975:
286:
186:
2213:
2168:
2077:
1933:
220:, in northeastern France. English troy weights were nearly identical to the troy weight system of
2519:
2470:
1833:
1703:
667:
293:
1868:
The received opinion is that it took its name from a weight used at the fair of Troyes in France
3287:
2226:
Specifications, Tolerances, and Other
Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices
277:
2368:
2351:
265:) was established in 1824, prior to which the troy weight system was a subset of pre-Imperial
2411:
2054:
2002:
1885:
201:
212:
The origin of the troy weight system is unknown. Although the name probably comes from the
158:
138:
8:
3184:
2704:
2635:
2120:
2025:
1951:
1725:
162:
2071:
1927:
1827:
584:. A grain is 20 mites, a mite is 24 droits, a droit is 20 perits, a perit is 24 blanks.
2699:
2475:
1953:
British weights and measures as described in the laws of
England from Anglo-Saxon times
1923:
1792:
444:
grams. Since the ounce avoirdupois is defined as 437.5 grains, a troy ounce is exactly
282:
96:
72:
2356:. Philological Society (Great Britain). 1891. p. 675 – via Clarendon Press.
2091:
2289:
2258:
2033:
1983:
1957:
1894:
190:
127:
where English merchants traded at least as early as the early 9th century. The name
2731:
123:
Troy weight is generally supposed to take its name from the French market town of
2896:
2251:
2233:
2220:
2150:
2030:
British Weights and Measures: A History from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century
1823:
1796:
213:
2280:
359:
The standard British troy pound manufactured in 1758; it bears the abbreviation
3246:
2820:
2437:
2297:
2224:
2199:
1880:
489:
262:
228:
100:
171:"—which the Public Record Commissioners translate as "troy weight". The word
3271:
2694:
2566:
2506:
2293:
1898:
551:
297:
273:
266:
88:
77:
1987:
3251:
2539:
2529:
2514:
1961:
1720:
1715:
545:
406:
244:
232:
104:
2850:
2581:
2380:
2262:
2244:
1740:
1735:
1730:
493:
477:
112:
108:
227:
Many aspects of the troy weight system were indirectly derived from the
2195:
2073:
Outlines of the evolution of weights and measures and the metric system
1857:
1829:
Outlines of the Evolution of Weights and Measures and the Metric System
342:
296:. This was long used in medicine, but has been largely replaced by the
224:. (The Bremen troy ounce had a mass of 480.8 British Imperial grains.)
520:, the ancient Roman coin that equates loosely to a penny. The symbol
420:
355:
323:
238:
58:
50:
2282:
Weights and Measures Standards of the United States: A brief history
413:
agreement of 1 July 1959, the grain measure is defined as precisely
516:
1903:...the great fairs established for all Europe the weight-standard
580:, were legalized by Act of Parliament dated 17 July 1649 entitled
80:
silver bar weighing 1,000 troy ounces (83 troy pounds; 31 kg)
3256:
568:
of an avoirdupois pound (and thus a little under 65 milligrams).
383:
grams). (An avoirdupois pound is approximately 21.53% heavier at
369:
The troy pound (lb t) consists of twelve troy ounces and thus is
62:
204:; the earliest reference to the modern troy weights is in 1414.
2926:
1783:
kg (453.59237 g, 453592.37 mg), one grain weighs 453592.37/7000
1775:
Because an avoirdupois pound weighs 7000 grains and a pound is
555:
221:
217:
194:
124:
66:
2004:
An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
1982:. Vol. 6. Oxford: English Dialect Society. p. 250.
554:
use the same measure of mass called a grain (historically of
361:
92:
54:
38:
1891:
Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English
30:
2121:"Börse Frankfurt: Aktien, Kurse, Charts und Nachrichten"
1866:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. June 2012.
1832:. New York and London: The Macmillan Company. p.
2214:"Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement"
397:
grams), and consists of sixteen avoirdupois ounces).
235:
used bronze bars of varying weights as currency. An
3293:
Customary units of measurement in the United States
49:One-troy-ounce (480 gr; 31 g) samples of
1893:. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 3566.
1884:
2323:"Consolidated TEXT: 31980L0181 — EN — 13.06.2020"
1818:
1816:
330:has previously used troy measurements in minting
99:in the 15th century and is primarily used in the
3269:
2277:"8. Refinement of values for the yard and pound"
2032:. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 28–9.
2007:. Vol. 1. London: T. Hamilton. p. 35.
141:(1844–1916) proposes an alternative etymology:
2056:The Universal Cambist and Commercial Instructor
582:An Act touching the monies and coins of England
292:The troy ounce and grain were also part of the
2370:The Present State of Great Britain and Ireland
2084:
1813:
1743:, a traditional unit of mass equal to exactly
2396:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2069:
737:
722:
704:
675:
2344:
2020:
2018:
1852:
1850:
1822:
254:
248:
236:
172:
166:
146:
2410:
2403:
2389:
2315:
2179:
682:
668:
1945:
1943:
1879:
1706:but with different further subdivisions.
2015:
1847:
740:
354:
341:
103:industry. The troy weight units are the
71:
44:
29:
550:There is no specific 'troy grain'. All
337:
14:
3270:
2274:
2268:
1974:
1949:
1940:
1779:as having a mass of exactly 0.45359237
731:
488:. However, prior to 1526, the English
365:("pound") and the letter "T" for troy.
2384:
2366:
2360:
2335:
2329:
2052:
2024:
2000:
1922:
424:. Thus one troy ounce = 480 grains ×
2206:
2131:from the original on 1 November 2015
471:
400:
350:
2151:"Units of Measure - The Perth Mint"
1956:. London: John Murray. p. 82.
1795:, but this would be an example of
149:Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris
24:
2433:International System of Units (SI)
1932:. London: Camden Society. p.
1826:; Wade, Herbert Treadwell (1906).
409:. Since the implementation of the
143:The Assize of Weights and Measures
25:
3304:
2076:. The Macmillan company. p.
2275:Judson, Lewis V. (March 1976) .
2175:from the original on 2016-05-06.
2157:from the original on 2015-09-24.
1702:The troy system was used in the
231:. Before they used coins, early
2161:
2143:
2113:
2102:from the original on 2008-02-26
2063:
1769:
165:, thus before 1307, specifies "
2046:
1994:
1980:The English Dialect Dictionary
1968:
1950:Watson, Charles Moore (1910).
1916:
1873:
587:
571:
179:The English Dialect Dictionary
13:
1:
2443:US customary units (USCS/USC)
1806:
1757:United States customary units
539:
320:International System of Units
243:("heavy bronze") weighed one
1762:
620:Troy ounce (20 pennyweights)
411:international yard and pound
200:Troy weight referred to the
177:refers to markets. Wright's
118:
7:
2096:WordNet 3.0, Dictionary.com
1709:
734:
606:Troy pound (12 troy ounces)
576:Mint masses, also known as
10:
3309:
2059:. Vol. 1. p. 20.
1787:mg (or nominally 64.79891
690:
543:
207:
155:statutes of uncertain date
3239:
3213:
3157:
3097:
3051:
2970:
2859:
2662:
2628:
2621:
2590:
2559:
2552:
2505:
2496:English Engineering Units
2463:
2425:
2418:
2265:. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
2169:"Do grams or ounces win?"
1863:Oxford English Dictionary
1593:
1590:
1561:
1437:
1365:
1265:
1173:
1070:
975:
846:
748:
728:
725:
716:
713:
710:
707:
699:
696:
693:
662:
281:1707 was the year of the
157:from the reign of either
37:is a traditional unit of
2098:. Princeton University.
405:A troy ounce weighs 480
287:Kingdom of Great Britain
2535:Quantum chromodynamical
2125:www.boerse-frankfurt.de
2053:Kelly, Patrick (1811).
486:original pound-sterling
95:that originated in the
27:System of units of mass
2648:centimetre–gram–second
2412:Systems of measurement
2336:Kelly, Patric (1835).
2070:Hallock, Wade (1906).
366:
347:
328:People's Bank of China
255:
249:
237:
173:
167:
147:
81:
69:
42:
3170:Biblical and Talmudic
2636:metre–kilogram–second
506:of a troy pound. The
358:
345:
229:Roman monetary system
75:
48:
33:
2026:Zupko, Ronald Edward
2001:Smith, Adam (1809).
1704:apothecaries' system
338:Units of measurement
294:apothecaries' system
247:. One twelfth of an
139:Charles Moore Watson
2367:Miege, Guy (1738).
1793:significant figures
1726:Conversion of units
659:
168:troni ponderacionem
2642:metre–tonne–second
2438:UK imperial system
2250:2022-12-25 at the
2232:2016-08-23 at the
2219:2016-06-17 at the
2192:"Units of measure"
657:
401:Troy ounce (oz t)
367:
351:Troy pound (lb t)
348:
285:which created the
276:coinage by act of
97:Kingdom of England
82:
70:
43:
3265:
3264:
3153:
3152:
2617:
2616:
2608:Foot–pound–second
2548:
2547:
2525:Heaviside–Lorentz
2338:Universal Cambist
2236:. NIST Handbook.
2039:978-0-299-07340-4
1924:Smith, L. Toulmin
1700:
1699:
655:
654:
651:0.06479 891
640:1.55517 384
612:373.24172 16
558:), each weighing
492:was based on the
472:Pennyweight (dwt)
16:(Redirected from
3300:
3283:Systems of units
2732:Mesures usuelles
2626:
2625:
2557:
2556:
2423:
2422:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2296:. Archived from
2287:
2272:
2266:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2198:. Archived from
2188:
2177:
2176:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2022:
2013:
2012:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1888:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1824:Hallock, William
1820:
1800:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1446:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1276:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1104:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
999:
993:
991:
990:
987:
984:
970:
968:
967:
964:
961:
948:
946:
945:
942:
939:
927:
925:
924:
921:
918:
914:
909:
901:
895:
893:
892:
889:
886:
882:
875:
869:
867:
866:
863:
860:
856:
841:
835:
833:
832:
829:
826:
818:
812:
810:
809:
806:
803:
795:
789:
787:
786:
783:
780:
772:
766:
764:
763:
760:
757:
684:
677:
670:
660:
656:
629:
626:31.10347 68
615:
592:
591:
578:moneyers' masses
567:
566:
562:
552:Imperial systems
536:, respectively.
505:
504:
500:
463:
462:
458:
453:
452:
448:
443:
442:
439:
433:
432:
429:
423:
418:
396:
395:
389:
388:
382:
381:
375:
374:
364:
322:(SI), except in
313:
312:
308:
305:
260:
252:
242:
176:
170:
152:
21:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3278:Precious metals
3268:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3235:
3209:
3149:
3093:
3047:
2966:
2855:
2658:
2613:
2586:
2544:
2501:
2459:
2414:
2409:
2379:
2378:
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2361:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2334:
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2321:
2320:
2316:
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2304:
2300:
2285:
2273:
2269:
2252:Wayback Machine
2234:Wayback Machine
2221:Wayback Machine
2211:
2207:
2202:on 7 June 2019.
2190:
2189:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2103:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2068:
2064:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2023:
2016:
1999:
1995:
1973:
1969:
1948:
1941:
1921:
1917:
1881:Partridge, Eric
1878:
1874:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1797:false precision
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:legally defined
1774:
1770:
1765:
1753:of a troy ounce
1749:
1745:
1744:
1712:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1557:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1444:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1274:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1102:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
997:
988:
985:
982:
981:
979:
965:
962:
959:
958:
956:
943:
940:
937:
936:
934:
922:
919:
916:
915:
912:
910:
907:
899:
890:
887:
884:
883:
880:
878:
873:
864:
861:
858:
857:
854:
852:
839:
830:
827:
824:
823:
821:
816:
807:
804:
801:
800:
798:
793:
784:
781:
778:
777:
775:
770:
761:
758:
755:
754:
752:
688:
658:English pounds
627:
613:
590:
574:
564:
560:
559:
548:
542:
502:
498:
497:
474:
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
445:
440:
437:
435:
430:
427:
425:
416:
414:
403:
393:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
370:
360:
353:
340:
326:. However, the
310:
306:
303:
301:
214:Champagne fairs
210:
181:lists the word
145:(also known as
121:
101:precious metals
87:is a system of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3306:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3247:Absolute scale
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2359:
2343:
2328:
2314:
2303:on 3 June 2011
2267:
2205:
2178:
2160:
2142:
2112:
2083:
2062:
2045:
2038:
2014:
1993:
1976:Wright, Joseph
1967:
1939:
1915:
1872:
1846:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1537:
1531:
1514:
1511:
1494:
1491:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1413:
1410:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1344:
1341:
1324:
1321:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1241:
1238:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1195:
1192:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1152:
1149:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1023:
1017:
1000:
994:
977:
974:
971:
954:
950:
949:
931:
928:
905:
902:
896:
876:
870:
850:
845:
842:
836:
819:
813:
796:
790:
773:
767:
750:
747:
743:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
687:
686:
679:
672:
664:
653:
652:
649:
646:
642:
641:
638:
635:
631:
630:
624:
621:
617:
616:
610:
607:
603:
602:
601:Grams (exact)
599:
596:
589:
586:
573:
570:
544:Main article:
541:
538:
490:pound sterling
473:
470:
434:grams/grain =
402:
399:
352:
349:
339:
336:
263:Imperial units
253:was called an
209:
206:
153:), one of the
120:
117:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3305:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3288:Units of mass
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:List articles
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:South America
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:North America
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:South African
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:Luxembourgian
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2654:gravitational
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:Apothecaries'
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1798:
1794:
1791:mg to seven
1778:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1755:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1587:
1567:
1564:
1555:
1538:
1532:
1515:
1512:
1495:
1492:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1414:
1411:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1368:
1362:
1345:
1342:
1325:
1322:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1242:
1239:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1196:
1193:
1176:
1170:
1153:
1150:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1024:
1018:
1001:
995:
978:
972:
955:
952:
951:
932:
929:
906:
903:
897:
877:
871:
851:
849:
843:
837:
820:
814:
797:
791:
774:
768:
751:
745:
744:
719:
703:
685:
680:
678:
673:
671:
666:
665:
661:
650:
647:
644:
643:
639:
636:
633:
632:
625:
622:
619:
618:
611:
608:
605:
604:
600:
597:
594:
593:
585:
583:
579:
569:
557:
553:
547:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
469:
465:
422:
412:
408:
398:
363:
357:
344:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
299:
298:metric system
295:
290:
288:
284:
279:
275:
274:United States
270:
268:
267:English units
264:
259:
258:
251:
246:
241:
240:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
205:
203:
198:
196:
192:
188:
185:as meaning a
184:
180:
175:
169:
164:
160:
156:
151:
150:
144:
140:
136:
134:
133:Earl of Derby
130:
126:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
79:
78:Good Delivery
74:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3195:Mesopotamian
3089:Puerto Rican
2486:Astronomical
2480:
2369:
2362:
2352:
2346:
2337:
2331:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2298:the original
2281:
2270:
2237:
2225:
2208:
2200:the original
2163:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2104:. Retrieved
2095:
2092:"Troy Ounce"
2086:
2072:
2065:
2055:
2048:
2029:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1979:
1970:
1952:
1928:
1918:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1890:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1837:. Retrieved
1828:
1771:
1721:Carat (mass)
1716:Bullion coin
1701:
1266:
1071:
911:9,955
847:
746:Avoirdupois
581:
577:
575:
549:
546:Grain (mass)
533:
529:
525:
521:
515:
511:
507:
481:
475:
466:
404:
368:
317:
291:
283:Act of Union
271:
226:
211:
202:Tower system
199:
182:
178:
142:
137:
128:
122:
84:
83:
34:
3059:Costa Rican
3023:Seychellois
2932:Singaporean
2727:Traditional
2582:Metrication
2520:Geometrised
2476:Avoirdupois
1907:, whence...
1741:Tola (unit)
1736:Mark (unit)
1731:Fluid ounce
1343:= 1.171875
634:Pennyweight
588:Conversions
572:Mint masses
514:stands for
496:, which is
494:tower pound
478:pennyweight
332:Gold Pandas
193:called the
113:avoirdupois
109:pennyweight
85:Troy weight
18:Troy ounces
3272:Categories
3145:Venezuelan
3130:Paraguayan
3084:Nicaraguan
2962:Vietnamese
2937:Sri Lankan
2922:Philippine
2882:Indonesian
2806:Portuguese
2700:Winchester
2603:Comparison
2553:Background
2491:Electrical
2196:Perth Mint
2106:2008-01-10
1858:"troy, n."
1807:References
1435:= 14.0625
540:Troy grain
480:symbol is
421:milligrams
35:Troy ounce
3140:Uruguayan
3125:Colombian
3115:Brazilian
3105:Argentine
3043:Tanzanian
3013:Mauritian
2983:Ethiopian
2947:Taiwanese
2917:Pakistani
2897:Mongolian
2872:Cambodian
2791:Norwegian
2761:Icelandic
2756:Hungarian
2749:Byzantine
2705:Exchequer
2453:Hong Kong
2340:. London.
2294:610190761
2245:0271-4027
2010:esteemed.
1899:250202885
1839:14 August
1763:Footnotes
1651:≈ 1.0717
1646:≈ 1.1431
1641:≈ 1.4289
1636:≈ 1.3396
1631:≈ 1.1023
1569:16
1565:≈ 0.9331
1416:14
1393:15
1389:≈ 0.8748
1386:= 0.9375
1323:≈ 0.9643
1303:Merchant
1244:11
1221:12
1217:≈ 0.6998
1171:= 0.9375
1151:≈ 0.7714
1077:12
1049:13
1045:≈ 0.7465
973:≈ 0.8229
879:15
853:14
844:≈ 0.9072
324:East Asia
250:aes grave
239:aes grave
191:steelyard
159:Henry III
119:Etymology
59:aluminium
51:germanium
3226:Obsolete
3221:Humorous
3175:Egyptian
3135:Peruvian
3110:Bolivian
3074:Honduran
3038:Tunisian
3018:Moroccan
3008:Malagasy
2993:Eritrean
2988:Egyptian
2978:Algerian
2907:Nepalese
2887:Japanese
2821:Scottish
2811:Romanian
2712:Estonian
2622:Historic
2598:Overview
2567:Overview
2464:Specific
2263:58927093
2248:Archived
2230:Archived
2217:Archived
2173:Archived
2155:Archived
2135:28 April
2129:Archived
2100:Archived
2028:(1977).
1988:63381077
1978:(1898).
1926:(1894).
1886:"Trojan"
1883:(1958).
1710:See also
1669:≈ 17.15
1664:≈ 16.08
1659:≈ 17.64
1588:≈ 16.46
1493:≈ 1.029
1412:≈ 15.43
1263:= 11.25
1240:≈ 12.34
1068:≈ 13.17
769:= 1.2152
714:Merchant
517:denarius
390:grains (
376:grains (
278:Congress
163:Edward I
3257:Modulor
3231:Unusual
3200:Persian
3158:Ancient
3120:Chilean
3079:Mexican
3069:Haitian
2998:Guinean
2902:Myanmar
2841:Swedish
2836:Spanish
2826:Serbian
2816:Russian
2796:Ottoman
2786:Maltese
2776:Latvian
2771:Italian
2717:Finnish
2695:English
2675:Cypriot
2670:Cornish
2577:History
2572:Outline
2507:Natural
2448:Chinese
2426:General
2419:Current
2307:30 June
2223:(PDF).
1962:4566577
1748:⁄
1695:
1683:
1675:10,974
1626:Metric
1620:
1608:
1600:10,240
1584:
1552:
1540:
1529:
1517:
1513:= 1.25
1509:
1497:
1489:
1477:
1473:London
1467:
1455:
1431:
1408:
1382:
1370:
1363:= 1.25
1359:
1347:
1339:
1327:
1319:
1307:
1297:
1285:
1259:
1236:
1214:= 0.75
1210:
1198:
1190:
1178:
1167:
1155:
1147:
1135:
1125:
1113:
1096:= 12.8
1092:
1064:
1038:
1026:
1015:
1003:
992:
980:
969:
957:
947:
935:
926:
894:
872:= 14.58
868:
834:
822:
811:
799:
788:
776:
765:
753:
720:Metric
700:Metric
697:Grains
694:Ounces
691:Pounds
563:⁄
501:⁄
459:⁄
449:⁄
392:453.592
378:373.241
309:⁄
208:History
187:balance
63:rhenium
41:weight.
3252:N-body
3190:Indian
3165:Arabic
3028:Somali
3003:Libyan
2971:Africa
2942:Syrian
2892:Korean
2877:Indian
2867:Afghan
2831:Slovak
2801:Polish
2739:German
2722:French
2685:Danish
2663:Europe
2629:Metric
2560:Metric
2540:Stoney
2530:Planck
2515:Atomic
2292:
2261:
2036:
1986:
1960:
1905:Troyes
1897:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1678:= 500
1447:9,600
1280:≈ 350
1277:7,680
1194:= 0.8
1131:Tower
1105:8,192
1042:= 0.8
1019:= 0.85
904:7,000
838:= 0.97
735:Tower
729:Tower
717:London
598:Grains
556:barley
532:, and
436:31.103
419:
415:64.798
407:grains
233:Romans
222:Bremen
218:Troyes
195:auncel
125:Troyes
107:, the
67:osmium
3240:Other
3205:Roman
3185:Hindu
3180:Greek
3064:Cuban
2952:Tatar
2912:Omani
2851:Welsh
2846:Swiss
2766:Irish
2744:Greek
2690:Dutch
2680:Czech
2650:(CGS)
2644:(MTS)
2638:(MKS)
2610:(FPS)
2591:UK/US
2301:(PDF)
2286:(PDF)
1672:7,716
1603:≈ 467
1597:7,200
1556:= 1.0
1450:≈ 437
1441:6,750
1271:5,400
1108:≈ 373
1099:5,760
996:= 1.0
953:Troy
930:≈ 454
898:= 15.
723:Avdp.
711:Tower
705:Avdp.
663:Unit
645:Grain
609:5,760
451:437.5
426:0.064
257:uncia
245:pound
174:troni
105:grain
89:units
2957:Thai
2927:Pegu
2860:Asia
2498:(US)
2481:Troy
2309:2012
2290:OCLC
2259:OCLC
2256:OCLC
2242:ISSN
2137:2018
2034:ISBN
1984:OCLC
1958:OCLC
1909:Troy
1895:OCLC
1841:2012
1533:= 1.
815:= 1.
792:= 1.
732:Troy
726:Troy
708:Troy
595:Unit
565:7000
476:The
183:troi
129:troy
93:mass
65:and
55:iron
39:gold
2078:119
1934:100
1911:...
1594:16
1591:15
1438:15
1061:175
966:175
960:144
817:037
794:296
762:144
756:175
741:kg
623:480
512:dwt
510:in
482:dwt
461:175
457:192
447:480
438:476
428:798
387:000
373:760
302:437
216:at
197:.
161:or
91:of
3274::
2279:.
2254:.
2238:44
2194:.
2181:^
2171:.
2153:.
2127:.
2123:.
2094:.
2017:^
1942:^
1901:.
1889:.
1860:.
1849:^
1834:34
1815:^
1799:.)
1681:=
1654:1
1617:15
1606:≈
1581:35
1575:16
1562:1
1549:15
1543:16
1486:35
1480:36
1464:16
1453:≈
1428:16
1379:16
1373:15
1366:1
1336:64
1330:75
1316:28
1310:27
1294:20
1283:≈
1267:12
1233:35
1227:12
1174:1
1164:16
1158:15
1144:35
1138:27
1111:≈
1072:12
1055:29
1012:75
1006:64
989:15
983:16
976:1
944:11
933:≈
865:12
848:16
831:36
825:35
808:27
802:28
785:27
779:35
749:1
637:24
528:,
503:16
499:15
454:=
441:80
431:91
417:91
394:37
380:72
269:.
135:.
76:A
61:,
57:,
53:,
2404:e
2397:t
2390:v
2325:.
2311:.
2139:.
2109:.
2080:.
2042:.
1990:.
1964:.
1936:.
1843:.
1750:8
1746:3
1692:2
1689:/
1686:1
1614:/
1611:7
1578:/
1571:+
1558:6
1546:/
1535:3
1526:3
1523:/
1520:4
1506:4
1503:/
1500:5
1483:/
1461:/
1458:7
1445:0
1425:/
1422:1
1418:+
1405:7
1402:/
1399:3
1395:+
1376:/
1356:4
1353:/
1350:5
1333:/
1313:/
1291:/
1288:7
1275:0
1256:4
1253:/
1250:1
1246:+
1230:/
1223:+
1207:4
1204:/
1201:3
1187:5
1184:/
1181:4
1161:/
1141:/
1122:8
1119:/
1116:3
1103:0
1089:5
1086:/
1083:4
1079:+
1058:/
1051:+
1035:5
1032:/
1029:4
1021:3
1009:/
998:6
986:/
963:/
941:/
938:5
923:9
920:/
917:5
913:+
908:0
900:5
891:9
888:/
885:5
881:+
874:3
862:/
859:7
855:+
840:2
828:/
805:/
782:/
771:7
759:/
738:g
683:e
676:t
669:v
648:1
628:0
614:0
561:1
534:d
530:s
526:£
522:d
508:d
385:7
371:5
362:℔
311:2
307:1
304:+
20:)
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