341:. Nearby was the fortified guard post. Huge doors of decorated iron led to the main gate into the palace which was located in the north wall. Outside the north gate was a long building where courtiers met once a year, a marketplace, and a sacred crossroads. Just inside the north gate was a courtyard containing religious buildings. On the eastern side of this courtyard were pavilions surrounded by canals where people bathed. At the south end, a gate led to rows of houses set on terraces in which palace servants lived. Another gate led to a third courtyard crowded with houses and a great hall for those waiting to be admitted into the ruler's presence. The king's quarters, which lay to the west of this courtyard, had pavilions on decorated red brick bases, ornately carved wooden pillars, and a roof decorated with clay ornaments. Outside the palace were quarters for Shiva priests, Buddhists, and other members of the nobility. Further away, and separated from the palace by open fields, were more royal compounds, including that of the chief minister
520:' or split gateway type, a structure that may have appeared during the Majapahit era. It is one of the oldest and the largest surviving 'Candi Bentar' dated from the Majapahit era. The 'Candi Bentar' took the shape of a typical Majapahit temple structure – consisting of three parts; foot, body, and tall roof – evenly split into two mirroring structures to make a passage in the centre for people to walk through. This type of split gate has no doors and provides no real defensive purpose but narrowing the passage. It probably only served the ceremonial and aesthetic purpose, to create a sense of grandeur, before entering the next compound. Most historians agree that this structure is the gate of an important compound in the Majapahit capital. Speculations concerning the original function of this majestic gateway have led to various suggestions, a popular one being that it was the entrance to the residence of
577:; at that time the pool was covered in dirt and mud. Reconstruction took place some years later and now the Segaran pool functions as a recreational pool and fishing pond. The brick structure originated from the 14th–15th-century Majapahit era. The actual function of the pool is unknown. A study suggested that the pool probably served various functions, but mainly as the city reservoir, the source of freshwater essential for the high-density urban area, especially during the dry season. Another popular local belief is that the pool was used as the bathing place and as a swimming pool to train Majapahit troops, and as a recreational pool for Majapahit royalty to entertain envoys and guests. The 46,875-square meter pool was built slightly higher than its surroundings and is currently used to irrigate paddy fields adjacent to the pool.
671:
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449:) which is perhaps the most exciting recent archaeological finding at Trowulan. Tikus Temple means 'rat temple', the name given to the discovery in 1914 because the site appeared during the excavation to be a rat-breeding enclosure. Restored to its present condition in 1985 and 1989, this complex of red brick takes the form of a sunken, rectangular basin, into which a flight of steps descends on the northern side. The principal structure, which projects from the southern wall of the basin, was modelled on the legendary
36:
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741:, in stone moulds. Other metal objects include ornate bronze lamps, water containers, bells and other items probably used in religious ceremonies, and instruments usually called 'slit drums'. Similar objects made of wood or bamboo are still found in Javanese and Balinese villages. Many iron tools were used, but most were probably imported, as Java has little iron ore.
485:, founder of the Majapahit Empire. According to tradition, Jayanegara fell from the gate as a child, causing defects to his body. The name probably also means 'little monarch', as Jayanegara ascended to the throne at a young age. Historian connects this gate with Çrenggapura (Çri Ranggapura) or Kapopongan of Antawulan (Trowulan), the shrine mentioned in
353:
Nagarakretagama seems to refer to the settlement units consisting of a group of buildings surrounded by a wall, in which a large number of people lived under the control of a nobleman. This pattern characterised the 16th-century coastal cities of Java described by early
European visitors, and Majapahit's capital was probably composed of such units.
883:
Nevertheless, the project leaves huge attention to some historians, since constructing the park's foundation in
Segaran site located in the south side of Trowulan Museum will inevitably damage the site itself. Ancient bricks and wells which are historically valuable were found scattered on the site.
627:
have been discovered, the majority of which date from between 1350 and 1478. These finds confirm not only that a Muslim community was well established in Java by the mid 14th century, but also that the religion was officially acknowledged and practiced within the royal capital itself. People believe
596:
Near the northeast edge of Kolam
Segaran lies the ruin of Menak Jingga Temple. The structure is now ruined and stones scattered around the vicinity with the base still lies buried underground. Excavation still on the progress. The structure is made from carved andesite stone on the outer layer with
305:
Older research at
Trowulan has concentrated on monumental remains: temples, tombs, and a bathing place. Archaeological surveys and excavations have recently found the remains of industrial, commercial, and religious activity, habitation areas, water supply systems, and water canals all of which are
572:
Segaran Pool is a large rectangular pool 800 x 500 metres in size. The name
Segaran originated from the word 'segara' in Javanese which means 'sea', probably based on the local suggestion that the large pool is the miniature of the sea. Surrounding the water basin is a rectangular wall made of red
348:
A 15th-century
Chinese source describes the palace as clean and well-kept. It was said to have been enclosed within a brick wall more than 10 metres high and with a double gate. The houses inside were built on pillars and were 10–13 metres high, with wooden floors covered with fine mats on which
785:
which became
Majapahit's official currency in around 1300, replacing gold and silver currency which had been in use for centuries. Chinese coins were apparently preferable because they were available in small denominations, suitable for use in markets. This change suggests that economic life in
682:
Archaeological excavations have revealed brick floors and the walls of some dwellings. In some cases, two or even three layers of such buildings are superimposed. These dwellings were equipped with wells and drains. Traces of a large reservoir and wells lined with brick or clay have also been
456:
Not far from Tikus Temple in the
Keraton hamlet stands the recently restored gateway of "Bajang Ratu", an elegant red-brick paduraksa gate dating from the mid-14th century. The form of structure is tall and slender, rising to a height of 16.5 metres and displaying intricate relief decoration,
352:
A book on
Majapahit court etiquette defines the capital as 'All where one can go out without passing through paddy fields.' Temple reliefs from Majapahit do not depict urban scenes, but some contain sketches of settlements indicated as pavilions enclosed within walls. The word 'kuwu' in
730:
anvils and flat circular stones with three legs may have been used as work surfaces for chiseling and hammering metals. A large number of clay crucibles for melting bronze have been excavated at Pakis village, in the southern part of the site. Some of the bronze was used to cast
301:
The
Nagarakretagama contains poetic descriptions of the palace of Majapahit and its surroundings but is limited to the royal and religious sectors. Some of the details are vague, so scholars who have tried to compile a plan of the capital have come to different conclusions.
884:
The government then argued that the method they were applying were less destructive since the digging method was used instead of drilling. Since then the construction of Majapahit Park has been halted, postponed for further study of the impact on the archaeological site.
850:
figurines were produced in large quantities, representing many subjects: gods, humans, animals, buildings, and scenes. Their function is unknown; they may have served multiple purposes. Some may have been used in religious shrines attached to dwellings, as in modern
846:. These must have been made by full-time professional potters. Water containers were one of the Majapahit urban potter's main products and many large round water jars have been found. Square water 'boxes' were decorated with aquatic motifs or other scenery.
875:
stated that the Majapahit Park would be built on the site and completed as early as 2009, in order to prevent further damage caused by home-made brick industries that develop on the surrounding area. Majapahit Park would expand the existing
401:, located on the west side of Segaran Pool. Excavations in and around Trowulan have shown that parts of the old settlement still lie buried under several metres of mud and volcanic debris, a result of the frequent eruptions of nearby
515:
at Jatipasar village. The name in Javanese means 'The Banyan Tree Gate'. The grand gate portals are made from red brick, with a base of 13 x 11 metres and a height of 15.5 metres, and date from the 14th century. The gate is of the
780:
mentions a court official whose duty was to protect the markets. 'Eight thousand cash every day from the markets is the share' received by this official. The 'cash' referred to in this text is Chinese bronze
544:
ceremonies for the first four Majapahit rulers were carried out. This tradition, while difficult to prove, is supported in part by material evidence, which suggests that the monument once served as a royal
786:
Trowulan was marked by specialized occupations, wages, and the acquisition of most daily needs by purchase. Important evidence for the 14th-century Javanese perception of money comes in the form of clay
540:
Brahu Temple in the Bejijong village is the sole surviving structure of what was once a cluster of historic buildings. According to popular folk belief, it was in the vicinity of Brahu Temple that the
589:
Princess is believed to be the tomb of a Majapahit king's consort. According to local traditions, she is said to have married one of the last of the Majapahit kings and to have converted him to
722:, meaning 'gold'. Gold ornaments have been discovered near this area, as well as the tools that were used for working the gold. Small clay cups might have been used for melting gold for use in
867:
During the last half-year of 2008, the Indonesian government sponsored a massive exploration on the site that is believed to be the place where the palace of Majapahit once stood.
453:. No longer complete, it consisted of terraced foundations, upon which would have rested a concentric arrangement of 'turrets' surrounding the highest peak of the building.
1093:"Stock Photo – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, 1781 – 1826. British statesman, Lieutenant-Governor of British Java, Governor-General of Bencoolen, and founder of Singapore"
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409:. Several archaeological ruins lie scattered around Trowulan village. Several are quite damaged, while others have undergone reconstruction. Most are constructed of
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stones form the base for wooden pillars, which were probably part of a wooden building. The organic material has decayed and only the stone base remains.
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evidence of dense population during the 14th to 15th centuries. In October 2009, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia submitted Trowulan to the
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forest at that time, making detailed survey impossible. Nonetheless, Raffles was so impressed by what he saw that he later referred to Trowulan as '
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was an important activity. Most potteries was intended for domestic use in cooking and storage, with decorations limited to stripes of red paint.
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with slits in their backs large enough to admit a coin. The association of pig figurines and containers for saving money is obvious; in present
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red brick in the inner layer. The most exciting feature of this structure is the parts contained ornaments (probably roof part) identified as
2608:
377:, Governor-General of Bencoolen from 1811 until 1816 and an indefatigable enthusiast for the island's history, reported the existence of '
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270:. It includes approximately 100 square kilometres and has been theorized to be the site of the eponymous capital city of the
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605:. The local tradition linked this site with the pavilion of Queen Kencana Wungu, the Majapahit queen from the tales of
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Trowulan Archaeological Site. The red square is archaeological sites, the light cyan is traces of ancient canals.
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people sat. Roofs were made from wooden shingles and the dwellings of the common people were roofed with straw.
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601:, a Chinese mythical creature. This might suggest a strong cultural relationship with China especially during
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855:. Examples of these terracottas in the form of miniature buildings and animals have been found at shrines on
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and in a 15th-century Chinese source. When it was the capital of the Majapahit Empire, the city was known as
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Most of the archaeological relics discovered in Trowulan and its vicinity are stored and displayed in
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for coconut oil are another common find. The finest pottery takes the form of vessels, such as water
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Historic East Java: Remains in Stone, Indonesian 50th independence day commemorative edition
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Historic East Java: Remains in Stone, Indonesian 50th independence day commemorative edition
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especially on the roof section. The gate is adorned with bas reliefs depicting the story of
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as the dharma place (holy compound) dedicated to King Jayanegara during his death on 1328.
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to defeat Kertabhumi in 1478. After this event Majapahit's capital was moved to Daha (
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The ancient city ruins at Trowulan had been discovered by the 19th century.
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959:, Hardcover edition – Aug 2003, Archipelago Press, Singapore 169641,
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poem, the royal compound was surrounded by a thick, high wall of
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699:. Although Java lacks significant gold resources, imports from
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ruins of temples.... scattered about the country for many miles
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and provide a Majapahit themed education and recreation park.
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or pig. Coin containers in other shapes have also been found.
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One hamlet of Trowulan is still called Kemasan, from the word
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artefacts were commonly discovered in Trowulan. The craft of
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District in Mojokerto Regency, Jawa Timur Province, Indonesia
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brick. The brick pool structure was discovered in 1926 by
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1243:
Trowulan – Former Capital City of Majapahit Kingdom
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Bas relief of Trowulan ruins, showing a couple at home,
316:
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988:. Singapore 169641: Archipelago Press. p. 108.
891:
984:Millet, Didier (August 2003). John Miksic (ed.).
2580:
365:Sumur Upas excavation site, Trowulan, Mojokerto.
1067:"Sir Stamford Raffles | British colonial agent"
381:'. Much of the region was blanketed with dense
2253:
1174:. Jakarta: ADLine Communications. p. 106.
1141:. Jakarta: ADLine Communications. p. 102.
481:, the second Majapahit king, the successor to
2624:Cultural Properties of Indonesia in East Java
2239:
1278:
1021:
1019:
810:', while the root word 'celeng' itself means
477:monarch'. Folk tradition links the gate with
19:For the subdistricts with the same name, see
1025:
1170:Bullough, Nigel (1995). Mujiyono PH (ed.).
1137:Bullough, Nigel (1995). Mujiyono PH (ed.).
986:Indonesian Heritage Series: Ancient History
957:Indonesian Heritage Series: Ancient History
430:
2246:
2232:
1285:
1271:
1016:
873:Indonesian Minister of Culture and Tourism
146:unknown; completed circa 14th–15th century
695:from this period have been discovered in
1169:
1136:
748:
669:
563:
531:
496:
420:
360:
320:
1898:Bantimurung – Bulusaraung National Park
1474:Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
632:, and they use to make a pilgrim every
628:that Troloyo also contains the tomb of
392:
325:Bajang Ratu in 1929, before restoration
2581:
1204:"Taman Majapahit Dibangun di Trowulan"
983:
501:Wringin Lawang, the gate at Trowulan,
405:, as well as frequent flooding of the
2227:
1266:
862:
511:is located a short distance south of
2609:Former populated places in Indonesia
1222:"Situs Majapahit Dirusak Pemerintah"
649:Gold working and bronzeworking sites
345:. Here Prapanca's descriptions end.
317:Descriptions in contemporary sources
298:includes a collection of artifacts.
1903:Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park
1835:Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park
1582:Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
1354:Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
1090:
744:
13:
14:
2635:
2589:Archaeological sites in Indonesia
2499:Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta
1933:Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park
1667:Mount Halimun Salak National Park
1647:Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
1236:
1206:. 4 November 2008. Archived from
492:
2208:Teluk Cenderawasih National Park
1224:. 5 January 2009. Archived from
1188:. 5 January 2009. Archived from
1028:"Tracing the glory of Majapahit"
894:
53:
34:
1214:
1196:
1186:"Bayang-bayang Sebuah Kejayaan"
639:Other important ruins include:
559:
527:
416:
2136:Taman Werdhi Budaya Art Centre
1918:Kepulauan Togean National Park
1178:
1163:
1145:
1130:
1084:
1059:
1045:
977:
951:Didier Millet, volume editor:
760:, 14th–15th century Trowulan,
580:
1:
2614:Populated places in East Java
2599:Buddhist temples in Indonesia
2557:Shri Sanathana Dharma Aalayam
1552:Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
1026:Sita W. Dewi (9 April 2013).
940:
925:Borobudur archaeological park
915:Srivijaya archaeological park
798:, the word 'celengan' means '
686:
2449:Pura Dalem Agung Padangtegal
2031:Gunung Rinjani National Park
1938:Taka Bone Rate National Park
1913:Gandang Dewata National Park
1845:Danau Sentarum National Park
1830:Betung Kerihun National Park
1379:Kerinci Seblat National Park
1258:A brief history of Majapahit
1253:Memoirs of Majapahit Kingdom
1248:A Short History of Majapahit
766:National Museum of Indonesia
513:Indonesian National Route 15
445:) is a ritual bathing pool (
356:
329:According to the account of
7:
1986:Bali Safari and Marine Park
1607:Jalesveva Jayamahe Monument
887:
371:Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
204:Willem Frederik Stutterheim
196:R.A.A. Kromodjojo Adinegoro
189:Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
10:
2640:
2604:Hindu temples in Indonesia
2561:Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple
2255:Hindu temples in Indonesia
1840:Baning Nature Tourist Park
1772:Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
1757:Sukorambi Botanical Garden
945:
817:
711:made it possible for many
241:, urban settlement complex
18:
2542:
2429:
2261:
2174:
1961:
1888:
1815:
1807:Ujung Kulon National Park
1657:Meru Betiri National Park
1617:Karimunjawa National Park
1487:
1324:Baiturrahman Grand Mosque
1304:
665:
623:hamlet, numerous Islamic
593:before she died in 1448.
483:Kertarajasa Jayawarddhana
425:Candi Tikus bathing place
373:, Lieutenant-Governor of
278:in the 14th-century poem
234:
224:
219:
211:
181:
173:
168:
158:
150:
142:
137:
122:7.5418889°S 112.3909833°E
100:
90:
72:
64:
52:
44:-style gate at Trowulan,
40:Bajang Ratu, the elegant
33:
1928:Lore Lindu National Park
1497:Alas Purwo National Park
1479:Way Kambas National Park
1424:Mentawai Islands Regency
1369:Gunongan Historical Park
1008:: CS1 maint: location (
970:
274:, which is described by
2454:Pura Dalem Segara Madhu
1071:Encyclopedia Britannica
1053:"UNESCO Tentative list"
930:Indonesian architecture
822:Significant numbers of
127:-7.5418889; 112.3909833
1953:Wakatobi National Park
1865:Sabangau National Park
1562:Dieng Volcanic Complex
773:
715:to find work in Java.
679:
569:
537:
505:
426:
366:
326:
21:Trowulan (subdistrict)
2568:Palani Andawer Temple
2529:Pura Ulun Danu Bratan
2193:Lorentz National Park
1948:Trans Studio Makassar
1908:Bunaken National Park
1517:Baluran National Park
1157:Perpustakaan Nasional
764:. (Collection of the
752:
673:
567:
535:
500:
424:
364:
324:
235:Architectural details
174:Excavation dates
154:Hindu-Buddhist period
65:Alternative name
2552:Sri Mariamman Temple
2524:Pura Ulun Danu Batur
2479:Pura Lempuyang Luhur
2051:Komodo National Park
2006:Garuda Wisnu Kencana
1963:Lesser Sunda Islands
1880:The Equator monument
1414:Lumbini Natural Park
1364:East Lampung Regency
824:Majapahit Terracotta
691:Many pieces of gold
585:The Islamic tomb of
393:Archaeological sites
256:Trowulan Subdistrict
225:Architectural styles
177:19th to 20th century
2484:Pura Luhur Batukaru
2213:Wasur National Park
1860:Kutai National Park
1787:Tirto Samodra Beach
1637:Keraton Kacirebonan
1334:Bandar Lampung City
1314:Aceh Tsunami Museum
1294:Tourist attractions
1228:on 12 January 2009.
1210:on 7 November 2008.
1192:on 12 January 2009.
575:Henri Maclaine Pont
469:in Javanese means '
399:the Trowulan Museum
252:archaeological site
200:Henry Maclaine Pont
118: /
30:
2494:Pura Meduwe Karang
2459:Pura Gede Perancak
2203:Raja Ampat Islands
2161:Ujung Water Palace
1825:Beras Basah Island
1592:House of Sampoerna
1522:Banyuwangi Regency
1153:"Candi Bajangratu"
1122:has generic name (
1055:. 8 November 2009.
935:Candi of Indonesia
863:The Majapahit Park
857:Mount Penanggungan
774:
680:
609:and Menak Jingga.
570:
538:
506:
427:
387:this pride of Java
367:
327:
28:
2576:
2575:
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1444:Pagaruyung Palace
737:, large coins or
260:Mojokerto Regency
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81:Mojokerto Regency
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1811:
1802:Yogyakarta City
1767:Suramadu Bridge
1702:Patenggang Lake
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2321:Gedong Songo
2188:Fort Belgica
2151:Tirta Gangga
2131:Tampaksiring
2066:Lovina Beach
1796:
1762:Surabaya Zoo
1747:Sempu island
1732:Ranu Kumbolo
1677:Mount Semeru
1672:Mount Merapi
1537:Bogor Palace
1389:Lagundri Bay
1359:Bukit Lawang
1226:the original
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1100:. Retrieved
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568:Segaran pool
560:Segaran Pool
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539:
536:Brahu temple
528:Brahu Temple
518:candi bentar
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375:British Java
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276:Mpu Prapanca
266:province of
247:
246:
220:Architecture
110:7°32′30.80″S
25:
2469:Gunung Kawi
2291:Bojongmenje
2198:Puncak Jaya
2096:Nusa Penida
2086:Moyo Island
1727:Ragunan Zoo
1697:Pangandaran
1692:Nusa Barong
1662:Mount Bromo
1622:Kawah Putih
1597:Ijen Crater
1567:Ceto Temple
1394:Lampung Bay
1120:|last=
1102:15 November
1076:15 November
953:John Miksic
788:piggy banks
658:Sentonorejo
581:Other sites
467:Bajang Ratu
459:Sri Tanjung
403:Mount Kelud
125: /
101:Coordinates
2583:Categories
2474:Pura Kehen
2401:Singhasari
1923:Lake Tempe
1817:Kalimantan
1532:Baturraden
1429:Metro City
1374:Jam Gadang
1037:5 February
941:References
869:Jero Wacik
848:Terracotta
844:burnishing
800:piggy bank
796:Indonesian
758:piggy bank
755:terracotta
753:Majapahit
734:uang gobog
713:goldsmiths
687:Industries
625:tombstones
607:Damarwulan
522:Gajah Mada
479:Jayanegara
440:Rat temple
343:Gajah Mada
284:Wilwatikta
264:Indonesian
169:Site notes
68:Wilwatikta
2619:Majapahit
2396:Sambisari
2391:Penataran
2386:Prambanan
2301:Cangkuang
2141:Tanah Lot
2071:Mandalika
2046:Kintamani
2026:Goa Gajah
2016:Gili Meno
1996:Cempi Bay
1971:Awang Bay
1737:Ranu Pani
1717:Prambanan
1712:Penataran
1542:Borobudur
1527:Batu City
1409:Lake Toba
1344:Berastagi
1298:Indonesia
1004:cite book
804:money box
778:Nawanatya
762:East Java
697:East Java
693:jewellery
683:located.
542:cremation
503:Mojokerto
447:petirtaan
411:red brick
357:Discovery
339:red brick
268:East Java
262:, in the
212:Condition
163:Majapahit
95:Indonesia
85:East Java
46:Mojokerto
42:paduraksa
2416:Trowulan
2411:Surawana
2376:Morangan
2366:Liyangan
2361:Kimpulan
2126:Senggigi
2121:Seminyak
2091:Nusa Dua
2041:Kelimutu
2036:Jimbaran
2011:Gili Air
1890:Sulawesi
1797:Trowulan
1742:Sangiran
1384:Krakatoa
1112:cite web
888:See also
792:Javanese
709:Sulawesi
652:Nglinguk
636:Friday.
547:mortuary
463:Ramayana
331:Prapanca
248:Trowulan
215:Restored
159:Cultures
77:Trowulan
73:Location
29:Trowulan
2351:Kedulan
2296:Bumiayu
2166:Uluwatu
1976:Bedugul
1855:Kakaban
1306:Sumatra
946:General
828:pottery
818:Pottery
806:', or '
770:Jakarta
739:amulets
701:Sumatra
621:Troloyo
619:In the
434:
333:in the
294:). The
151:Periods
143:Founded
138:History
2316:Gebang
2286:Barong
2176:Maluku
2106:Pecatu
1991:Canggu
1943:Toraja
1792:Tretes
1722:Puncak
1682:Mrapen
1652:Malang
1572:G-Land
1469:Sipura
1459:Sabang
992:
963:
871:, the
808:saving
728:Bronze
707:, and
705:Borneo
666:Houses
587:Champa
550:shrine
475:defect
313:list.
308:UNESCO
292:Kediri
250:is an
91:Region
2421:Umbul
2406:Sukuh
2371:Merak
2356:Kidal
2311:Dieng
2281:Banon
2276:Badut
2263:Candi
2180:Papua
2116:Sanur
2111:Rinca
1507:Anyer
1097:Alamy
971:Notes
840:kendi
836:ewers
832:Lamps
783:coins
614:Umpak
599:Qilin
591:Islam
471:dwarf
239:Candi
229:Candi
2544:Koil
2431:Pura
2381:Pari
2346:Jawi
2341:Jago
2306:Ceto
2178:and
2156:Ubud
2056:Kuta
1489:Java
1439:Nias
1124:help
1104:2017
1078:2017
1039:2015
1010:link
990:ISBN
961:ISBN
853:Bali
812:boar
802:', '
794:and
776:The
634:Legi
461:and
431:lit.
383:teak
2336:Ijo
2271:Asu
1296:in
720:mas
612:At
473:or
389:'.
254:in
2585::
1155:.
1116::
1114:}}
1110:{{
1095:.
1069:.
1030:.
1018:^
1006:}}
1002:{{
955:,
768:,
726:.
703:,
524:.
465:.
413:.
258:,
83:,
79:,
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2240:t
2233:v
1286:e
1279:t
1272:v
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1126:)
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1041:.
1012:)
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